5.75. Cadwan.
Cadwan.
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1
[figure appears here on page 156] AFter that the Britains had continued about
the ſpace almoſte of .xxiiij.
Cadwan king of Bry|tayne. yeares without any one ſpecial
gouernor, being led by ſun|drie rulers, euer ſithence that Ca|reticus was
con|ſtrayned to flee ouer Seuerne, and ſought often|tymes not onely agaynſt
the Saxons, but alſo one of them agaynſte another, at length in the yeare of
our Lorde .613.613 they aſſembled in the Citie of
Cheſter, and there elected Cadwan that before was ruler of Northwales, to
haue the ſo|ueraine rule and gouernment ouer all theyr Na|tion, and ſo the
ſayde Cadwan beganne to raigne as king of Brytaynes in the ſayd yeare .613.
But Hariſon ſayeth, this was in the yeare .609. in whiche yeare Careticus
the Brytiſh king depar|ted this life. And then after his deceaſſe the
Bry|taynes or Welchmen (whether wee ſhall call them) choſe Cadwane to
gouerne them in the foreſayde yeare .609. whiche was in the ſeuenth yeare of
the Emperour Focas, and the .xxj. of the ſeconde Lotharius King of Fraunce,
and in the xiij. yeare of Kilwoolfe King of the Weſt Saxons.
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1 This Cadwan being
eſtabliſhed King, ſhort|ly after aſſembled a power of Brytaynes, and went
agaynſt the foreſayde Ethelfred King of Northumberlande, who beeing thereof
aduerti|ſed, did aſſociate to him the moſt part of the Sax|on Princes, and
came forth with his armie to meete Cadwane in the fielde. Herevpon as they
were readie to haue tryed the matter by battaile, certayne of theyr friendes
trauayled ſo betwixte them for a peace, that in the ende they broughte them
to agreement,Galf. M [...]. ſo that Ethelferd ſhould kept in quiet poſſeſſion thoſe
his Countreys beyonde the Ryuer of Humber, and Cadwan ſhould hold all that
which belonged as yet to the Brytaines on the ſouth ſide the ſame ryuer.
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1 Thys Couenaunte wyth
other touching theyr agreement was confyrmed wyth othes ſolemnlye taken, and
pledges therewith dely|uered, ſo that afterwardes they continued in good and
quiet peace withoute vexing the one the o|ther.
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1 What chaunced afterwardes
to Edelfred, yee haue before hearde rehearſed, the whiche for that it
ſoundeth more lyke to a truth than that whiche followeth in the Brytiſhe
Booke, wee omitte to make further rehearſall, paſſing EEBO page image 157
forth to other doings which f [...]ll in the [...] ſon, whileſt [...] Cadwane had gouernment of the Brytayn [...]s, raigning as king once them the tearme of .xxij. (or as other haue
but .xiij.) yeares, and finally was ſlaine by the Northũ [...]ers,
[...]ohn. Hard. as be|fore hath bene, and alſo after ſhall be
ſhewed.
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1 In the .viij. yeare after
that Cadwan began to raigne, Ethelbert king of Kent departed this life, in
the .xxj. yeare after the comming of Augu|ſtin with his fellowes to preach
the fayth of chriſt here in this Realme:
and after that Ethelbert had raigned ouer the Prouince of Kent aboute the
tearme of .lvj. yeares (as Bede hath) but there are that haue noted three
yeares leſſe: he departed this worlde,VVil. Malm. Beda.
li. 2. ca. 5
as aboue is ſignified, in the yeare of oure Lorde .617. on the
.xxiiij. daye of Februarie, and was buryed in the Ile of Saint Martine,
within the Churche of the Apoſtles Peter and Paule, without the Citie of
Canterburie, where his wife Queene Bartha was alſo buryed, and the foreſayde Archebiſhop Auguſtine that firſt
conuerted him to the fayth.
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1 Amongeſt other things
this King Ethelbert with the adulce of his Councell ordeyned diuerſe lawes
and ſtatutes, according to the whiche, de|crees of Iudgements ſhoulde paſſe:
and thoſe decrees hee cauſed to be written in the Engliſhe tongue, which
remayned and were in force vn|to the dayes of Bede) as he declareth.
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1 And fyrſt it was
expreſſed in thoſe lawes, what amendes hee
ſhoulde make that ſtale anye thing that belonged to the Churche, to the
By|ſhop, or to any eccleſiaſticall perſon, willing by all meanes to defend
them whoſe doctrine he had receyued.
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1
Ead|bald.
[figure appears here on page 157] AFter the de+ceaſe of E|thelbert, his ſon
Eadbalde ſuc|ceeded in the gouernment of
his kingdom of Kent, the which was a greate hinderer of the increaſe of the
newe Churche amongeſt the Engliſhe men in thoſe parties: for hee did not
onely refuſe to bee baptiſed himſelfe, but alſo vſed ſuche kinde of
for|nication,1. Cor. 6. as hath not beene heard
(as the Apoſtle ſayth) amongeſt the
Gentiles, for he tooke to wife his mother in lawe, that had beene wife to
his fa|ther. By which two euill examples, many tooke occaſion to returne to
theyr heatheniſh religion, the which whileſt his father raigned,The Princes example occa|ſion of euill. either for
the Prince his pleaſure, or for feare to offend him, did profeſſe the
Chriſtian fayth.
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1 But Eadbalde eſcaped not
worthie puniſh|ment them [...] hys euill de [...] with a certaine [...] an vnclean [...].
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1 The foreſayde ſtorme or
diſquiet troubling of the Chriſtian Congregation was afterwards greatly
encreaſed alſo by the [...] Sabert, or Sabert King of the Eaſt Saxons, who depar|ting this life
to goe to a better, in the bliſ [...]full kingdome of heauen, left behind him three ſonnes as ſucceſſours
in the eſtate of his earthly King|dome, whiche ſonnes likewyſe refuſed to
bee baptiſed.
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1 This Sabert, or Sebert,
was conuerted to the fayth of Chriſt, and baptiſed by Mellitus Byſhop of
London (as before is mentioned) vn|to whome ſome aſcribe the firſt
foundation of Weſtminſter Church, but other aſcribe it to Lu|cius the firſt
Chriſten king of the Brytaynes (as before ye haue heard) though there bee
alſo that write that the Church was firſt buylded there by a Citizen of
London (as before is alſo touched.)
Ran. Ceſtren. Beda. li. 2. ca. 5. Serrerd, Se|ward, and
Si|gebert, the ſonnes of Sa|bert.
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1
[figure appears here on page 157] SAbert left behind him in the kingdome of the
Eaſt Saxons three ſonnes, named Se [...]ed, Seward, and Sige|bert, in whome remay|ned no vertue, no feare of
God, nor any reſpect of religion, but eſpecial|ly they hated the pro|feſſors
of the Chriſtian fayth. For after theyr father was dead, they be|gan to fall
to theyr olde Idolatrie, the whiche in his life time they ſeemed to haue
giuen ouer. But now they openly worſhipped Idols, and gaue li|bertie to
their ſubiects for to do the like.
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1 And when the Biſhop
Mellitus at the ſo|lemniſing of Maſſe in the Churche diſtribu|ted the
Euchariſticall breade vnto the people, they aſked him (as it is ſayde)
wherefore he did not delyue [...] of that bryght white breade vnto them alſo, as well as hee had beene
accuſto|med to doe to theyr father Saba, (for ſo they vſed to call hym) vnto
whome the Byſhoppe made thys aunſwere: if you wyll bee waſhed in that
wholeſome Fountayne wherein youre father was waſhed, ye maye bee partakers
of that holye breade whereof hee was partaker, but if you deſpiſe the
waſhpoole of lyfe, ye may by no meanes taſte of the breade of
ſal|uation.
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1 But they offended
herewith, replyed in this wiſe: we will not enter into that Fountayne, for
wee knowe wee haue no neede thereof: but yet neuertheleſſe we will be
refreſhed with that breade.
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1
EEBO page image 216After this when the [...] and many tymes tolde, that without they woulde be baptiſed, they
might not be partakers of the ſacred oblation: At length in a great
diſpleaſure they told him, that if he would not conſent vnto them in ſo
ſmall a matter, there ſhoulde be no place for him within the boundes of
their Dominion. And ſo he was conſtrayned to depart. Wherevpon hee being
expulſed, reſorted into Kent, there to take aduice with his fellowe
Biſhoppes, Laurence & Iuſtus, what
was to be done in this ſo weigh|tie a matter.
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1 They finally reſolued
vpon this poynt, that it ſhoulde be better for them to returne into theyr
Countrey, where with free myndes they might ſerue Almightie God, rather than
to remayne a|mongeſt people that rebelled agaynſt the fayth, without hope to
do good amongſt them.
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1 Therefore Mellitus and
Iuſtus did firſt de|parte, and went ouer into Fraunce, mynding there to abyde till they might ſee what the ende
would be.
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1 But ſhortly after, thoſe
brethren the kings of Eſſex, whiche had expulſed their Byſhoppe in maner
aboue ſayde, ſuffered worthily for theyr wicked doings: For going forth to
battayle a|gaynſt the Weſt Saxons,The ſonnes of king
Sebert ſlaine. they were ouerthrown and ſlaine togither with all
theyr armie, by the two Kings, Kinigils, and Quichelme. But ne|uertheleſſe,
for all that the Authours of the miſ|chiefe were thus taken away, the people of that Countrey woulde not as yet bee
reduced againe from theyr diueliſh worſhipping of falſe Goddes, being
eftſoones fallen thereto in that ſeaſon by the encouragement and perillous
example of theyr Rulers. Wherefore the Archebiſhop Laurence was in minde
alſo to haue followed his fellowes Mellitus and Iuſtus: but when he minded
to ſet forwarde, he was warned in a dreame, and cru|elly ſcourged (as hath
beene reported by the Apo|ſtel ſaint
Peter, who reproued him) for that hee would ſo vncharitably forſake his
flock, and leaue it in daunger withoute a ſhepherde to keepe the Woolfe from
the folde.
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1 The Archbiſhoppe
enboldned by this viſion, and alſo repenting him of his determinatiõ, came
to king Eadbald, and ſhewed to him his ſtrypes, and the maner of his
dreame.
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1 The king being herewith
put in great feare, renounced his heatheniſh worſhipping of Idols,
and was baptized, and as muche as in
him lay, from thence forth ſuccoured the Congregation of the Chriſtians, and
aduaunced the Churche to his power.
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1
2 He ſent alſo into
Fraunce, and called home the Biſhops Mellitus and Iuſtus, ſo that Iu|ſtus
was reſtored again to his Sea of Rocheſter. But the Eaſt Saxons woulde not
receyue Mel|litus to his Sea at London, but continued its theyr wicked
Mawmetrie in obeying a Biſhop of theyr Pagan lawe, whom they had erected for
that purpoſe. Neyther was King Eadbalde of that authoritie and power in
thoſe parties, as his father was before, whereby he might conſtrayne them to
receyue theyr lawfull Byſhop. But ſurely the ſayde King Eadbalde with his
people after hee was once conuerted againe, gaue hym|ſelfe wholye to obey
the lawes of God, and a|mongeſt other deedes of godly zeale,
Beda li. 2 he buylded a Church of our Ladie at
Cantorburie, within the Monaſterie of Saint Peter, afterwardes cal|led Saint
Agnes.
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1 This Churche was
conſecrated by Mellitus, who after the death of Laurence ſucceeded in
go|uernaunce of the Archebiſhoppes Sea of Can|terburie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After Mellitus whiche
departed this lyfe in the yeare of our Lorde .624.
Beda. li. 2. [...]
Iuſtus that before was biſhop of Rocheſter, was made Archbiſhop of
Canterburie, and ordeyned one Romanus to the Sea of Rocheſter.
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1 About the ſame tyme, the
people of the north partes beyond Humber receyued the fayth, by oc|caſion
(as after ſhall appeare.)
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1 Ye haue heard how
Edelfred the king of Nor|thumberlande was ſlaine in battaile, neare to the
water of Idle, by Redwald king of the Eaſt An|gles, in fauour of Edwin, whom
the ſayd Edel|fred had confined oute of hys Dominion .xxiiij. yeares
before.
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1 The foreſayde Redwald
therefore hauing ob|teyned that victorie, founde meanes to place Ed|wyne in
gouernment of that Kingdome of the Northumbers, hauing a tytle thereto as
ſonne to Alla, or Elle, ſometyme King of Northumber|lande.
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1 THis Edwyn proued a ryght
valiant prince,Edwyn. and grewe to be of more
power than any o|ther King in thoſe dayes of the Engliſh Nation:
Beda. li. 2. [...]
not onely ruling ouer a great parte of the Coun|treys inhabited with
Engliſhe menne, but alſo with Brytaynes, which Brytaynes inhabyted not
onelye in Wales, but alſo as yet in parte of Cheſſhire, Lancaſhire,
Cumberlande, and a|longeſt by the Weſt Sea coaſt in Galloway, and ſo forth
euẽ vnto Dunbrytain in Scotland: which I haue thought good to note, that it
may appeare in what Countreys Cadwalle bare rule, of whome ſo often mention
is made in this part of the Hyſtorie.
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1 But as concerning Edwyn:
his reputation was ſuch, as not onely the Engliſh men, Bry|taynes and
Scottes, but alſo the Iles of Ork|ney, and thoſe of Man,Wil [...] ta|keth [...] to be Angle [...]
and other the Weſt Iles of auncient tyme called Meuania,
had him in re|uerence, EEBO page image 159 and feared his mightie
power, ſo as the [...] durſt not attempt any [...]xp [...]oy [...]e to the [...] of him.
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1 It chaunced alſo that
ſhortly after king Red|walde had aduaunce [...] him to the Kingdome of Northumberlande, v [...] aboute ſixe yeares, the ſame Redwalde deceaſſed, whiche made greatly
for the more augmentation of Edwyns power. For the people of the Eaſt
Angles, which whileſt Edwyn remayned amongeſt them as a baniſhed man, had conceyued a good opinion of him, for his
approued valiancie and noble courage, of|fered themſelues to bee wholy at
his commaun|dement.
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1
Carpwaldus.But Edwyn ſuffering Carpwalde or
Erp|walde the ſonne of Redwalde to enioy the bare tytle and name of king of
that Countrey, ruled al things at his owne will and pleaſure. Neither was
there any Prouince within Brytaine that did not obey him, or was not ready
to do him ſer|uice (the kingdome of Kent
onely excepted) for he ſuffered the Kentiſhmen to here inquie [...], bycauſe he began to haue a lyking vnto the ſiſter of king Eadbald,
the Lady Ethelb [...]ga, otherwiſe named Tar [...], or Tace.
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1
Beda lib. 2. cap. 9.
He made requeſt therefore by ſending Ambaſ|ſadours to hir brother [...] to haue the ſayde Ladie in mariage: and at length obteyned hir, with
con|dition that ſhee being a Chriſtian woman, might not onely vſe the
Chriſtian religion, but alſo that all
thoſe, whether men or women, prieſtes or mi|niſters, which came with hir,
might haue licence to doe the ſame, without trouble or impeachment of any
maner of perſon. Herevpon ſhe being ſent vnto him,Mat.
VVeſt. Beda lib. 2. cap. 9.
there was appoynted to goe with hir, (beſide many other) one
Pauline, which was con|ſecrated Biſhop by the Archbiſhop Iuſtus, the xxj. of
Iuly, in the yeare of our Lorde .625.
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1
625At his comming into Northumberlande, thus in
companie of Ethelburga, hee trauayled
earneſtly in his office, both to preſerue hir and ſuch Chriſtians in the
fayth of Chriſt, as were appoynted to giue theyr attendaunce on hir, leaſt
they ſhoulde chaunce to fall: and alſo ſought to winne ſome of the Pagans if
it were poſſible vn|to the ſame fayth, though at the firſt he little
pro|fited in that matter.
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1 In the yeare following,
there came a mur|therer vnto the Court of King Edwyn, as then ſoiourning in
a Palace whiche ſtoode vppon the ſyde of
the Ryuer of Dorwent, being ſent from Quichelme King of the Weſt Saxons, to
the intent to murther Edwyn, bycauſe hee had of late ſore endomaged the
Countreys of the weſt Saxons.
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1
Other ſay an axe, as Math. VVeſt.
This murtherer was called Eumerus, and caried vnder his cote a short
double edged Woodknife enuenomed of purpose, that if the King beeing but a
little hurt therewith, shoulde not die of the wound, yet he should not
escape the daunger of the poyson.Eumerus.
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1 On Easter Monday this Eumerus came to the King, and making foorth
to hym as it had beene to haue declared some message from his Maister, when
he had espyed his tyme, he drewe hys weapon, and offered to stryke the King.
But one of the Kings seruauntes named Lylla, perceyuing thys, stept betwixt
the King and the blowe. But yet the murtherer sette the strype forwarde wyth
suche force, that the knife running through the bodie of Lylla, wounded also
the King a little: and before this murtherer coule bee beaten downe, he slue
another of the Kings seruaunts, a knight that attended vpon him called
Fordher.
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1 The ſame night Queene
Ethelburga was delyuered of a daughter named Ea [...]ed, for the whiche when King Edwyn gaue thankes vnto his Goddes,Eauſ [...]ed borne. in the preſen [...] of Biſhop Paulyne;
[figure appears here on page 159] the Biſhop di [...] admoniſh him, rather to giue thankes vnto the true and onely God, by
whoſe goodnes it came to paſſe that ye Queene was faſtly and without
daun|ger delyuered. The King gi|uing good eare vnto the By|ſhops whole|ſome
admonition, promiſed at that preſente to become a Chriſtian, if hee myghte
reuenge hys iniuryes receyued at the handes of the Weſt Saxons, and to
aſſure Pauline that his pro|miſe ſhoulde take place, hee gaue vnto him hys
newe borne daughter to be made holy to the lord, that is to ſay,
baptiſed.
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1 The Biſhoppe receyuing
hir, on Whitſun|daye nexte following baptyſed hir, with twelue other of the
Kings houſeholde, ſhee beeyng the fyrſte of the Engliſhe Northumbers that
was ſo waſhed in the Fountayne of Rege|neration.
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1 In the meane tyme King
Edwyn being re|couered of his hurt, aſſembled an army, and went agaynſt the
Weſt Saxons, with whom recoun|tring in battaile, he eyther f [...]ue or brought [...] ſubiection all them that had conſpyred his death [...] And ſo returned as a conquerour into his cuntry But yet he [...]elayed [...]me for performance of his promiſe to become a chriſtian: howbeit he
had left EEBO page image 160 his doing of ſacrifice to Idols, euer ſince he
made promiſe to be baptiſed.
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1 He was a ſage Prince, and
before he woulde alter his Religion, he politikely thought good to heare
matters touching bothe hys olde Reli|gion, and the Chriſtian Religion
throughlye examined.
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1 And whileſt he thus
hangeth in doubt to whe|ther pa [...] he ſhoulde encline, there came letters to him from Pope Bonifa [...]e the fift of that name,Beda lib. 2. cap.
10.
exhorting him by ſundrie kinds of gentle
perſwa|dens, to turne to the worſhipping of the true and liuing God, and to
renounce the worſhipping of Mawmets and Idols.
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1
Bede. lib. 2. cap. 11.
The Pope likewiſe wrote to Queene Ethel|burga, praying hir to
cõtinue in hir good purpoſe, and by all meanes poſſible to doe what might
bee done for the conuerting of hir huſbande vnto the fayth of Chriſt.
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1
A viſion.But the thing that moſt moued the king,
was a viſion which ſometime he had while
hee remai|ned as a baniſhed man in the Court of Redwald king of the Eaſt
Angles as thus:
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1
Bede. cap. 12.
After that king Ethelfred was informed howe that the foreſayde
Redwalde had receyued Ed|win, he ceaſſed not by his Ambaſſadours to moue
Redwalde eyther to deliuer Edwyn into hys handes, or elſe to make him
away.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 At length by often
ſending, and promiſes made of large ſummes of money, mixed with
threat|nings, he obteyned a graunt of his
ſuyte, ſo that it was determined that Edwyn ſhoulde eyther bee murthered, or
elſe deliuered into his enimyes handes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 One of Edwynes friendes
hauing intelli|gence hereof, in the night ſeaſon came to Ed|wyns Chamber,
and taking him forth abroade, tolde him the whole practiſe, and what was
pur|poſed agaynſt him, offering to helpe him out of the countrey, if he
would ſo aduenture to eſcape.
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1
The honora|ble conſidera|tion of Edwin.Edwyne
being wonderouſly amazed, than|ked his friend, but refuſed yet to depart the
Coun|trey, ſith hee had no iuſt cauſe outwardly giuen to play ſuche a
ſlipper parte, chooſing rather to ieoparde his lyfe wyth honour, than to
giue men cauſe to thinke that hee had firſt broken promiſe with ſuch a
Prince as Redwalde was, to whom he had giuen his fayth.
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1 Herevpon his friende
departing from him, left him ſitting without the doores: where after hee
had reuolued many things in his mind,
& thought long vpon this matter, at length he perceyued one to come
towards him vnknowne, & in ſtrange ap|parell, ſeeming to him in
euery poynt a ſtraun|ger, at which ſight for that he could not imagine who
he ſhoulde be, Edwyn was much afrayde: but the man comming to him ſaluted
him, and aſked of him what he made there that time of the night when other
were at reſt. Edwyn on the other part aſked what hee had to doe therewith
and whether he vſed to lie abrode in the night, or within houſe: who
aunſwering ſayde: Thinke not Edwyn that I am ignorant of thy heaui|neſſe, of
thy watching, and this thy ſolitarie ſit|ting here withoute doores. For I
knowe who thou art, wherefore thou art thus penſi [...], and what euilles thou feareſt to be towardes thee at hande. But tell
me, what wouldeſt thou giue him, that coulde deliuer thee out of this
heaui|neſſe, and perſwade Redwalde that hee ſhoulde neyther do thee hurt nor
delyuer thee to thine e|nimyes? Herewith when Edwyn ſayde, that he woulde
gladly giue all that in him might lye to ſuche a one in rewarde: the other
added: what wouldſt thou thẽ giue, if he ſhould promiſe in good ſooth that
(all thy enimies beeing deſtroyed) thou ſhouldeſt be king, and that thou
ſhouldeſt paſſe in power all the Kings whiche haue raigned in the Engliſh
nation before thy time?
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Edwyn then beyng better
come to himſelfe by ſuch demaundes, did not ſticke to promiſe that he would
requite his friendſhip with worthy thãks.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Then replyed he to his
wordes and ſayde. I [...] he that ſhall prophecie to thee this good h [...]ppe to come ſhall alſo be able to [...]fourme thee ſuch coũ|ſail for thy health & life as neuer any
of thy fore|fathers or kinſfolke yet haue heard, wouldeſt thou obey him, and
conſent to receiue his wholſom ad|uertiſement? Whervnto without further
delibera|tion Edwin promiſed, that he would in all points folow the
inſtruction of him that ſhoulde deliuer him out of ſo many and greate
calamities, and bring him to the rule of a kingdome. Which an|ſwere being
got, this perſon that thus talked with him, layde his hande vppon his heade,
ſaying, when thys therefore ſhall chaunce to thee, bee not forgetfull of
this tyme, nor of this com|munication, and thoſe things that thou nowe doeſt
promiſe, ſee thou perfourme. And there|wyth [...]e vaniſhed away, ſo that Edwin might well preceyue it was no manne but
a viſion that thus had appeared vnto him.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 And as he ſatte ſtill
reioyſing of this com|fortable talke, but yet thoughtfull in his mynde what
he ſhoulde be, or from whence he came that had talked in this ſort with him.
Beholde hys friende returned that firſt had brought him forth of his
Chamber, and declared vnto hym good newes, howe the King by the perſwaſion
of the Queene had altered his determination, and min|ded to mainteyne his
quarell to the vttermoſt of his power: and ſo hee did in deede: for wyth all
diligence hee rayſed an armie, and went agaynſt Edelfride, vanquiſhed him in
battaile, and placed Edwyn in the Kingdome (as before yee haue hearde.)
Compare 1587 edition:
1
EEBO page image 161Herevppon whilest King Edwyn (as before is
mentioned) deferred tyme ere he would receyue the Christian fayth. Pauline
one daye came vnto him as he sat musing what hee were best to do, and layd
his hand vpon his head, asking him if he knew that signe: wherevpon when the
king would haue fallen downe at his feete, he lift hym vp, and as it were in
familiar wise thus sayd vnto him: Behold, by the assystance of Gods fauor
thou has ecaped the handes of thyne enimyes, whom thou stoodest in dread of: Behold through hys bounteous liberalitie,
thou haſt attempted the Kingdome which thou diddeſt deſire, remember then
that thou delay not time to perfourme the thirde thing that thou diddeſt
promiſe, in recey|uing his fayth, and keeping his cõmaundements which
deliuering thee from worldly aduerſities, hath thus aduaunced thee to the
honor of a king and if from henceforth thou wilt obey his with which by my
month hee ſetteth forth & preacheth to thee and other, he will deliuer thee from euer|laſting torments, and
make thee partaker wyth him in his celeſtiall kingdome.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 It is to be thought that
the viſion which the K. had in times paſt receiued, was in ſpirite reuealed
vnto Pauline, wherevpon without delay of time he put him in remembrance of
it in maner as a|boue is mentioned.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The king hauing heard his
words, anſwered that he would & ought to receyue the fayth which
he taught, but firſt he woulde conferre
with hys nobles and if they would agree to do the like, then would they be
baptiſed altogither at one time.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Pauline ſatiſfied
herewith Edwin did as hee had promiſed, calling togither the wiſeſt men of
his realme,Elwyn con|ſulteth with his nobles. and
of them aſked the queſtion what they thought of this diuinitie, which was
prea|ched vnto them by Paulyn, vnto whom his chief Biſhop named Coiũ,The anſwere of an heathen Biſhop. incõtinently made
this an|ſwere, that ſurely the religion which they had he|therto followed was nothing worth. For ſayth he, there is
none of thy people that hath more re|uerently worſhipped our Gods than I
haue done, and yet be there many that haue receyued farre greater benefites
at thy handes than I haue done: and therefore if our Godd [...]s were of any power, then would they rather helpe me to high honours
and dignitie than others.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 Therefore if it may be
founde that this newe Religion is better and more auaileable than oure
olde, let vs wyth all ſpeede embrace
the ſame. Finally, when other of the Kings Counſayle and men of high
authoritie gaue theyr conſents, that this doctrine which Pauline taught
ought to be receyued, if therein appeared more certaintie of ſaluation than
could be found in the other:Pauline licen|ced to preach
the Goſpell. at length the king gaue l [...]nde to Pauline openly to preach the Goſpell; and [...] his worſhip|ping of falſe god profeſſeth the chriſtian fayth.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 And when he [...] of his Biſhop [...] who ſhoulde firſt defay [...] the aulters of their Idols and the [...] with the whiche they were compaſſe [...] about he anſwered, that hee himſelfe would do it. For what is more
meete (ſayth he [...]) thã that I, which through fooliſhneſſe [...] wor|ſhipped them, ſhould nowe for example ſake de|ſtroy the ſame,
through wiſedome giuen [...] from the true & liuing God? And ſtreight ways throw|ing away
the ſuperſtition of vanitie, required ar|mo [...] and [...] of the king with a ſtoned horſe, vpon the which he being mounted,
rode [...], to deſtroy the Idols.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This was a ſtraunge [...]ight to the people for it was not lawfull to the Biſhop of their lawe
to put on armour, or to ride on any beaſt, except it were a Matt. He hauing
therefore a [...]ore gyrde to him, tooke a ſpeare in his hande, and aiding on the kings
horſe, went to the place where the I|dols ſtoode. The common people that
beheld him had thought he had b [...]ene ſtarke mad, and out of his wittes: but hee without longer
deliberation, incontinently vpon his comming to the temple, began to deface
the ſame, and in contempt threw his [...] againſt it, and reioyſing greatly in the knowledge of the worſhipping
of the true God, commaunded his company to deſtroy and burne downe the ſame
temple withall the aulters.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This place where ye
Idols were ſomtime wor|ſhipped was not farre from Yorke, towardes the Eaſt
part of the riuer of De [...]went, and is called Gotm [...]ndin Gaham, where the foreſayd Biſhop by the inſpiration of God
defaced and deſtroyed thoſe aulters which he himſelfe had hallowed.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 King Edwyn therefore with
all the nobilitie,King Edwyn with his peo|ple receyue the
chriſtian fayth. Beda. li. 2. cap. 14. and a
great nũber of his people, receyued the faith and were baptized, in the
yeare of our Lorde .627. in the tenth yeare of his raigne, and about the
.178 yeare after the firſt comming of the Engliſh men into this lande.627 Hee was baptiſed at Yorke on Eaſter day (which
fel that yere the day before the Ides of Aprill) in the Church of S. Peter
the A|poſtle, which hee had cauſed to bee erected vp of timder vpon the
ſodaine for that purpoſe, and af|terwards began the foũdation of the ſame
church in ſtone worke of a larger compaſſe, comprehen|ding within it that
Oratorie which hee had fyrſt cauſed to be built: but before he coulde finiſh
the worke, he was ſlaine (as after ſhall bee ſhewed, leauing it to be
performed of his ſucceſſor Oſ|walde. Pauline continued from thenceforth
du|ring the kings life, which was ſixe yeares after in preaching the goſpel
[...] prouince, co [...]e [...]ing an [...] number of people to me fayth of Chryſt, among [...]ſt [...]h [...] whiche were [...], and [...], the [...] of Edwyn [...] begot t [...]a [...] tyme of hys [...]
EEBO page image 162 Quinburga, the daughter of Cearlus King of Meccia. Alſo
afterwarde [...]
[...] children begot on his ſeconde wife Ethelburga, that is to ſay, a ſon
called Edelhimus, and a daughter named Edil|trudis:Ediltrudis. and another ſonne called Buſt [...]ra, of the which the two firſt died in theyr Cradels, and were buryed
in the Church at Yorke. To bee briefe: by the kings aſſyſtance and fauour
ſhewed vnto Pauline in the worke of the Lorde, greate multitudes of people
dayly receyued the fayth, and were
baptiſed of Pauline in manye places, but ſpecially in the Ryuer of G [...]euy wythin the Prouince of Bernicia, and alſo in Swale in the Prouince
of Deira: For as yet in the begynning thus of the Church in thoſe Countreys,
no tem|ples or fountes coulde be buylded or erected in ſo ſhort a time.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Of ſuch great zeale was
Edwyn (as it is re|ported) towards the ſetting forth of Gods truth,This chaunced in the yeare 632 as hath Math. VVeſt.
that hee perſwaded Carpwalde the Sonne of Redwalde King of the Eaſtangles to aban|don the
ſuperſtitions worſhypping of Idolles, and to receyue the fayth of Chriſt
with all hys whole Prouince.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 His father Redwalde was
baptiſed in Kent long before this time, but in vaine: for returning
home,Redwald king of Eaſtangles baptiſed.
through counſayle of his wife and other wicked perſons, he was ſeduced, and
being turned from the ſincere puritie of fayth, his laſt doings were worſſe
than his fyrſt, ſo that according to the
manner of the olde Samaritanes, he woulde ſeeme both to ſerue the true
God,Carpwalde woulde ſerue God and the diuell.
and his falſe Goddes (which before time he had ſerued) and in one ſelfe
Churche, had at one time both the Sa|craments of Chriſt miniſtred at one
aulter, and Sacrifice made vnto Diuels at another.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But Carpwalde within a
while after he had receyued the fayth, was ſlaine by one of his owne
Countrey men that was an Ethnicke, called Richbert, and then after his
death, that Prouince for the terme of
three yeares was wrapped eft|ſoones in errour,Sibert or
Si|gibert. tyll that Sybert, or Sigibert, the brother of
Carpwalde, a moſte Chryſtian Prince, and verie well learned, obteyned the
rule of that kingdome, who whileſt hee liued a bani|ſhed man in France
during his brothers life time, was baptiſed there, and became a Chriſtian:
and when he came to be king, hee cauſed all his Pro|uince to be partaker of
the ſame fountaine of life wherein he had beene dipped himſelfe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Vnto his godly purpoſe
alſo, a Biſhop of the parties of Burgoigne named Felix was a great
furtherer, who comming ouer vnto the Archebi|ſhop of Canterburie Honorius
that was ſucceſ|ſour vnto Iuſtus, and declaring vnto him his earneſt deſire,
was ſent by the ſame Archbiſhop to preache the worde of life vnto the
Eaſtangles, which he did with ſuch good ſucceſſe, that he con|uerted the
whole countrey to the fayth of Ieſus Chriſt,A Biſhops
[...] Dunwich and places the [...] of his Biſhoprike at Dunwich, [...]ding the courſe of his [...] therein peace, after he had continued in that his Biſhop|lyke office
the ſpace of .xvij. yeares.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Moreouer Pauline after
that he had conuer|ted the Northumbers,Beda li.
2. cap. [...]. hee preached the worde of
[figure appears here on page 162]
God vnto them of Lindſey, whiche is a parte of Lincolnſhire:This [...] in the yeare 628. as [...] Mat. VVeſt.
and firſt he perſwaded one B [...]ecca the gouernor of the Citie of Lincoln to turne vn|to Chriſt
togither with all his familie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In that Citie he alſo
buylded a Churche of ſtone worke.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus Pauline trauailed in
the worke of the lord, the ſame being greatly furthered by the help of
Edwin, in whoſe preſence he baptiſed a greate number of people in the riuer
of Trent, neare to a towne the which in the olde Engliſh tongue was called
T [...]o vuifingaceſter. This Pauline had with him a deacon named
Iames, the which ſhewed himſelfe verie diligent in the miniſterie, and
pro|fited greatly therein.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But now to returne to
king Edwin, who was a prince verily of worthy fame, and for the poly|tike
ordering of his Countreys and obſeruing of iuſtice, deſerued highly to be
commended:VVil. M [...]
for in his time all robbers by the high way were ſo ba|niſhed out of
his dominions, that a woman with hir new borne childe alone withoute other
com|panie might haue trauayled from ſea to ſea, and not haue encountred with
any creature that durſt once haue offered hir iniurie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 He was alſo verie
carefull for the aduaunce|ment of the commoditie and common wealth of his
people,Mat. VVeſt. Beda. lib. 2. cap. 16.
inſomuch that where there were any ſweete and cleare water Springs,
hee cauſed poſtes to bee ſet vppe, and Iron diſhes to be faſt|ned thereto
wyth Chaynes, that wayfaryng men might haue the ſame readie at hand to drink
wyth: and there was none ſo hardye as to EEBO page image 163 touch the
ſame but for that vſe: he vſed whereſo|euer he went within the Cities or
elſewhere a|brode, to haue a banner borne before him, in token of Iuſtice to
be miniſtred by hys royall autho|ritie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In the meane ſeaſon, Pope
Honorius the fift, hearing that the Northumbers had receyued the fayth (as
before is mencioned) at the preaching of Pauline,Beda.
li. 2. cap. 17.
ſent vnto the ſayde Pauline the Pall, confirming him Archbiſhop in
the Sea of Yorke.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 He ſent alſo letters of
exhortation vnto king Edwin, to kindle him the more with fatherly ad|uice,
to continue and proceede in the waye of vnderſtanding, into the which he was
entered.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 At the ſame time alſo,
bycauſe Iuſtus the Archbiſhop of Canterburie was deade, and one Honorius
elected to that Sea, Pope Hono|rius ſente vnto the foreſayde Honorius the
elect Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie, his Pall, with letters,A decree con|cerning the Archbiſhops of Canterburie and Yorke.
wherein was conteyned a decree by him
made, that when eyther the Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie or Yorke chaunced to
depart thys life, he that ſuruiued ſhould haue authoritie to or|deyne
another in place of him that was deceaſſed, that they ſhoulde not neede to
wearie themſel|ues with going to Rome, beeing ſo farre diſtant from them.
The copie of whiche letter is regy|ſtred in the Eccleſiaſticall Hyſtorie of
Beda, bea|ring date the thirde Ides of Iune in the yeare of our Lorde
.633.633
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The ſame Pope [...]ut letters alſo to the Scot|tiſh,The feaſt of
Eaſter. people exhorting them to celebrate the feaſt of Eaſter in
ſuch due time as other Churches of the Chriſtian world obſerued:The hereſie o [...] the Pelagian [...]
and alſo bycauſe the Hereſie of the Pelagians beganne to renue
a|gaine amongeſt them, (as he was enformed) hee admoniſhed them to beware
thereof, and by all meanes to auoyde it.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But now that the Kingdome
of Northum|berland flouriſhed (as before is partly touched) in happie ſtate
vnder the proſperous raigne of Ed|wyn, at length after he had gouerned it
the ſpace of .xvij. yeares, Cadwalline,Cadwallin, o [...] Cadwallo kin [...] of Brytayne. or Cadwallo King of Brytaynes, who ſucceeded
Cadwane, as Gal. Mon. hath, rebelled agaynſt him: for ſo it commeth to
paſſe, that nothing can be ſo ſure cõ|fyrmed by mans power, but the ſame by
the lyke power may be againe deſtroyed.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Penda king of Mercia
enuying the proſperous proceedings of king Edwin,Penda
king [...] Mercia. procured Cadwallo to moue this rebellion againſt
Edwin: & ioyning his power with Cadwallo, they inuaded the coũ|trey
of Northũberland ioyntly togither. Edwyn hereof aduertiſed, gathered his
people, and came to encounter them, ſo that both the armies met at a place
called Hatfield, where was fought a right ſore and bloudie battaile.King Edwin ſlaine. Mat. VVeſt
But in the end Edwin was ſlain with one of his ſonnes named Oſfrid,
[figure appears here on page 163] and his army beaten downe &
diſperſed. Alſo there was ſlain on Edwyns part, Godbald K. of Ork|ney.
Moreouer there was another of Edwyns
ſonnes named Edfride, conſtrayned of neceſſitie to gyue himſelf into the
hands of Penda, and was after by him cruelly put to death (contrarie to his
promiſed fayth) in king Oſwaldes dayes, that ſucceeded Edwyn.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus did king Edwin end
his life in that bat|taile, fought at Hatfield aforeſayde, on the fourth
Ides of October, in the yeare of our Lorde .633.Mat.
VVe [...]
hee beeing then aboute the age of .xlvij. yeares and vpwardes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Cadwal and Penda hauing
obteyned this vic|torie, vſed it moſt cruel [...]y. For one of the Cap|taynes was a Pagan, and the other wanting all
ciuilitie, ſhewed hymſelfe more cruell than any Pagan coulde haue done. So
that Pen|da beeing a worſhipper of falſe Goddes with all his people of
Mercia, and Cadwallo hauing no EEBO page image 164 reſpect to the chriſtian
religion which lately was begonne amongſt the Northumbers,The crueltie [...]f Penda and Cadwallo. made ha|uocke in all places where then
came, not ſparing man, woman nor childe: and ſo continued in their furious
outrage a long time, in paſſing through the countrey, to the great decay and
calamitie of the chriſtian congregations in thoſe parties. And ſtill the
Chriſtian Brytaines were leſſe mercifull than Penda his heatheniſh
ſouldiers. For euẽ vn|to the dayes of Beda (as he affyrmeth) the Bry|tains
made no account of the fayth or
religion of the Engliſhmen, nor would communicate with them more than with
Pagans, bycauſe they dif|fered in rites from their accuſtomed
traditions.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 When the countrey of the
Northumbers was brought into this miſerable caſe by the enimies
inuaſion,The Archbi| [...]op Pauline [...]eeth into [...]ent. the Archbiſhop Pauline taking wyth him the Queen
Ethelburga, whõ he had brought thither, returned nowe againe with hir by
water into Kent, where he was honourably receyued of the Archbiſhop Honorius, and king Eadbald. He came
thither in the conduct of one Baſſus a vali|ant man of warre, hauing with
him Eaufred the daughter, & Vulfrea the ſon of Edwyn and alſo Yffi
the ſon of Oſfride Edwins ſonne, whõ their mother after for feare of the
kings Edbold & Oſ|wald did ſend into France, where they died.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The Church of Rocheſter
at that time was deſtitute of a Biſhop, by the death of Romanus, who being
ſent to Rome vnto Pope Honorius, was
drowned by the waye in the Italian Seas. Wherevppon at the requeſt of the
Archeby|ſhoppe Honorius, and King Eadbald, Pau|line tooke vpon hym the
charge of that Sea, and helde it till he dyed.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...]eda lib. 3. cap. 1. [...]rike king [...] Deira.AFter that Edwyn was ſlaine in battaile (as before
yee haue hearde) Oſrike the ſonne of his Vncle Elfricke, tooke vpon hym the
rule of the Kingdome of Deira, which had receyued the ſacrament of
Baptiſme by the preaching and ver|tuous
inſtruction of Pauline.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...]fred king of [...]rnicia.But the other kingdome of Northumber|lande called
Bernicia, Eaufride th [...] ſonne of E|delfred or Edelfride, tooke vpon him to gouerne.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This Eaufride during the
time of Edwins raigne, had continued in Scotland, and there be|ing conuerted
to the Chriſtian fayth was bapti|ſed. But both theſe Princes after they had
ob|teyned poſſeſſion of theyr earthly kingdomes, dyd forget the care of the
heauenly kingdome, ſo that they returned
to their olde kind of Idolatrie. But the almightie God did not long ſuffer
this theyr vnthankfulneſſe without iuſt puniſhment: for firſt in the next
Sommer,
[...]he two kings [...] Northum|berland ſ [...]ain. when Oſrike had raſhlye beſieged Cadwallo King of the
Brytaynes, within a certayne Towne, Cadwallo brake forth vpon hym, and
fynding him vnprouided to make reſyſtance, ſlue him with all his armie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 And after thys, whileſt
Cadwallo not like a Conquerour gouerned the Prouynces of the Northumbers,
but lyke a Tyran waſted and deſtroyed them, in ſlaying the people in
tragi|call manner, hee alſo ſlue Eaufride, the whiche with twelue menne of
warre, came vndiſcretely vnto him to ſue for peace, and thus within leſſe
than twelue Monethes ſpace both theſe renegate kings were diſpatched.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[figure appears here on page 164] THen Oſ|walde the ſonne of Edel|fred,
Oſwald beganne his raigne in the yeare .635. Beda lib.
3. cap. 3. and bro|ther to the fore|ſayde Eaufride was
created K. of the Nor|thumbers, the ſixt in number from Ida.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This Oſ|walde after that
his father was ſlaine, liued as a baniſhed perſon a long time within
Scotlande, where he was baptiſed, and profeſſed the chriſtiã religion, and
paſſed the flower of his youth in good exerciſes, both of minde and
bodie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Amongſt other things, he
practiſed the vnder|ſtanding of warlike knowledge, minding ſo to vſe it, as
it might ſtande him in ſteade to defende himſelfe from iniurie of the
enimies that ſhoulde prouoke him, and not otherwiſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Hereupon Cadwallo King of
the Brytayns made in maner no account of him: for by reaſon that he had
atchieued ſuch great victories agaynſt the Engliſhe men, and hauing ſlaine
theyr two Kings (as before is expreſſed) he ceaſſed not to proceede in hys
tyrannicall doyngs, repu|ting the Engliſhe people for ſlouthfull, and not
apt to the warre, boaſting that he was borne to their deſtruction.
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1 And thus being ſet vp in
pryde of courage, he feared no perilles, but boldely withoute conſi|dering
at al the ſkilful knowledge which Oſwald had ſufficiently learned in feates
of warres, tooke vppon hym to aſſayle the foreſayde Oſwalde, that had
broughte an armie agaynſt hym, and was encamped in a playne fielde, neare
vnto the Wall whiche the Romaines had buylded in tymes paſt agaynſt the
inuaſion of Scottes and Pictes.
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1 Cadwallo ſtraight
prouoked Oſwald to trie the matter by battaile, but Oſwalde forbare the
firſt day, and cauſed a Croſſe to bee erected in the ſame place where he was
encamped, in full hope that it ſhould be an enſigne or trophy of his
victo|rie, cauſing all ſouldiers to make their prayers to God, that in time
of ſuch neceſſitie it might pleaſe him to ſuccour them that worſhipped
him.
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1
EEBO page image 165It is ſayde, that the Croſſe being made, and the
hole digged wherein it ſhoulde be ſet, he tooke the Croſſe in his owne
handes, and putting the foote thereof into that hole, ſo helde it till his
ſoul|diers had filled the hole and rammed it vp: And then cauſed al the
ſouldiers to kneele downe vpon their knees, and to make interceſſion to the
true and liuing God for his aſſiſtãce agaynſt ye proud enimie, with whõ
they ſhould [...]ight in a iuſt qua|rel for the preſeruation of their people [...] & countrey.
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1 After this, in the next
morning he boldly gi|ueth battaile to his enimies, ſo that a ſore and cruell
fight enſued betwixt them. At length Oſwald perceyued that the Brytaynes
beganne ſomewhat to faint, and therfore he cauſed his peo|ple to renue their
force, and more luſt [...]ly to preaſſe forwarde, ſo that firſt he put that moſt cruell eni|mie
to [...]light, and after purſuing the chaſe, ouer|tooke him,Beda. VVil. Malm. and ſlue him with the moſt part of all his huge
and mightie armie, at a place called
[figure appears here on page 165]
Deniſſeborne, but the place where hee cauſed the Croſſe to be erected,
height He [...]field.
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1 And thus Cadwallo the
moſt cruell enimie of the Engliſh name ended his life: He was terrible both
in nature & countenance, for the which cauſe they ſay the Brytaynes
did afterwards ſet vp his Image, that the ſame might bee a terrour to the
enimies when they ſhoulde beholde it.
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1 But here is to bee
remembred by the Bry|tiſh Hiſtorie of Gal.
Mon. it ſhoulde appeare that Cadwallo was not ſlaine at all, but raigned
victoriouſly for the ſpace of .xlviij. yeares, and then departed this life,
as in place afterwards it ſhall appeare. But for that the contrarietie in
wryters in ſuch poyntes may ſooner be perceyued than reformed to the
ſatiſfying of mennes fan|cies whiche are variable, wee will leaue euery man
to his libertie to thinke as ſeemeth him good, noting now and then the
diuerſitie of ſuche wry|ters, as occaſion
ſerueth.
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1
Penda. 636
[figure appears here on page 165] PEnda the ſon of Wil|ba ſucceeded in the
gouernmẽt of the kingdom of Mercia, af|ter Ciarlus, & beganne hys
raigne in the yeare of oure Lord .636. He
was fiftie yeares of age before he came to bee king, and raigned .xxx.
yeares, he was a Prince right hardie and aduenterous, not fearing to
ieo|pard his perſon in place of danger; aſſured & readie of
remembrance in time of greateſt peril. His body could not be ouercome with
any trauaile, nor his mind vanquiſhed with greatneſſe of buſineſſe, but
theſe his vertues were matched with notable vy|ces, as firſt with ſuch
bitterneſſe of maners as had not beene heard of, crueltie of nature, lack of
cur|teſie, great vnſtedfaſtneſſe in performing of word and promiſe, and of
vnmeaſurable hatred toward the Chriſtian religion.
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1 Vpon confidence put in
theſe his great ver|tues and vices from time that he was made king as though
the whole Ile had beene due to him, he thought not good to let any occaſion
paſſe that was offered to make warre, as well agaynſt his friendes and
confederates, as alſo agaynſt hys owne ſworne enimyes. Part of his doings ye
haue heard, and more ſhall appeare hereafter.
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1 Of the kings of the Eaſt
Saxons and Eaſt Angles, ye haue heard before: of whom in places conuenient
yee ſhall finde further mention alſo, and ſo likewiſe of the kings of the
South Sax|ons: but bycauſe theyr kingdome continued not paſt fiue
ſucceſſions, little remembrance of them is made by wryters.
