5.48. Aruiragus.
Aruiragus.
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1
Aruira|gus. [...]ecto. Boetius
[figure appears here on page 51] ARuiragus ye yõgeſt ſon of Kimbelyne,
& brother to Guinderius, bycauſe the ſame Guin|derius lefte no iſſue
to ſucceede him, was ad|mitted Kyng of
Bri|tayne in the yere of oure Lord .45. or rathe [...] .46.
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1 This Aruiragus,
o|therwiſe called by the Britaynes Meuricus or Mavus, of Tari [...]us Praſutagus, is alſo named Armager in ye Eng|liſhe Chronicle,
[...]axton. by whiche Chronicle (as it ap|peareth) he bare
hymſelfe ryght manfully againſt Claudius
and his Romaynes in the warre whyche they made agaynſte hym: in ſo muche,
that when Claudius hadde renued his force and wonne Porcheſter,
[...]alf. Mo [...]. and after came to beſiege Wincheſter, (in the whiche
Aruiragus as then was encloſed,) Aruiragus aſſembling his po|wer, was ready
to come foorth and giue Claudi|us battell: wherevppon, Claudius doubting the
ſequele of the thing, ſente meſſengers vnto Arui|ragus to treate of concord,
and ſo by compoſiti|on, the matter was
taken vp, with condition, that Claudius ſhoulde gyue his daughter Geniſſa in
marriage vnto Aruiragus, and Aruiragus ſhuld acknowledge to holde hys
Kingdome of the Romaynes.
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1
[...]anul [...]us Cestrenſis.Some write that Claudius in fauour of the
valiant prowes which he ſaw and found in Ar|uiragus, honored not only hym
with the marri|age of hys daughter the ſayd Geniſſa, but alſo to the ende to
make the Towne more famous where this
marriage was ſolemnized, hee there|fore called it Glaudiocestria,
after his name, the whiche in the Brittiſhe tong was called before that daye
Caerleon, and after Glouernia, of a Duke that ruled in Demetia, that heyght
Glu|ny, but now it is called Glowceſter.
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1 Other there be that
write, how Claudius be|ing vanquiſhed in battell by Aruiragus, was compelled
by the ſayde Aruiragus to giue vnto him his ſayde daughter to wife, with
condition as before is mentioned: and that then Aruiragius was crowned King
of Britayne.Suetonius. But Su [...]to|nius may ſeme to reprooue this part of the Brit|tiſh hiſtory, the
whiche in the life [...] Claudius witneſſeth, that he had by three wiues only for [...]e daughters, that is to ſay, Claudia, Antonia, and Octauia: and
further, that reputing Claudia not to be his, cauſed hir to be [...]aſt downe at the dore of his wife Herculan [...]a, whome he had for|ſaken by way of diuorcement. And that hee
be|ſtowed his daughter Antonia firſt on Cn. Pom|peius Magnus, and after on
Fauſtus Silla, right noble yong men: and Octauia, he matched with Nero his
wiues ſonne, whereby it ſhoulde appeare, that this ſuppoſed marriage
betwixt [...] Aruiragus and the daughter of Claudius, is but a fayned tale.
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1 And heere to ſpeake my
fancy alſo what I thynke of th [...] Aruiragus, and other the Kyngs whome [...] and ſuch as haue followed hym do [...] in order, to ſucceede one after another: I will not denie but ſuche
perſons there were, [...] ſame happily bearing very great rule in the [...], but that they reigned as abſolute kings ouer the whole, or that they
ſucceeded one after another [...] manner as is auouched by the ſame writers, it ſeemeth moſt vnlyke to
bee true: for rather it may bee geſ [...]ed by that whyche as well Gildas as the olde approued Romayne writers
haue written, that dyuers of theſe Kyngs lyued about one time, or in tymes
greatly dyffering from thoſe tymes, whyche in oure writers wee finde noted:
as for enſample, Iuuenall maketh thys Aruiragus of whome we nowe entreate,
to raigne about Domitians tyme. For my parte therefore, ſith this order of
the Brittiſhe Kingly ſucceſſion in thys place is more eaſie to be ſtatly
denyed and vtterly reproued, than eyther wiſely defended, or truly amended.
I will referre the re|forming thereof, vnto thoſe that haue perhappes ſeene
more than I haue, or more deepely conſi|dered the thyng, to trie out an
vndoubted troth: and in the meane tyme, I haue thoughte good, both to ſhewe
what I fynde in oure hyſtories, and likewiſe in the forrayne writers, to the
which we thynke namely in thys behalfe, whyleſt the Romaynes gouerned there,
we may ſafely gyue moſt credite, doe wee otherwiſe neuer ſo muche contente
ourſelues with other vayne and fonde conceytes.
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1 To proceede yet with the
Hiſtory as wee fynde it by our writers ſet foorth: It is reported, that
after the ſolemnization of thys marriage,Legions of
Souldiers ſent into Ire|lande. whyche was done with all honor that
myghte bee deuiſed, Claudius ſente certayne legi|ons of Souldyers foorth to
goe into Irelande to EEBO page image 52 ſubdue that countrey, and
returned himſelfe to Rome.
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1 After his departure,
Aruiragus rode about to viewe the ſtate of hys Realme, repayring Cities and
Townes decayed by the warre of the Ro|maynes, and ſawe hys people gouerned
with ſuche iuſtice and good order, that hee was both dradde, and greatly
beloued: ſo that in tract of tyme, hee grewe very welthie, and by reaſon
thereof, fell into pride, ſo that he denyed his ſub|iection to the Romaynes. Wherevpon Claudi|us appoynted
Veſpaſian with an army to goe as Lieutenant into Brytayne,
[...]
the whiche iour|ney was to him the beginning of his aduance|mente to
that honor, whiche after to him moſt luckily ſucceeded. But if wee ſhall
credite our Britayne writers, he gayned not muche at Ar|uiragus handes, for
where he woulde haue lan|ded at Sandwich or Richbourrow,
[...]
Aruiragus was ready to reſiſt hym, ſo as he durſt not once enter the
hauen: for Aruiragus had there ſuche a puiſſaunte number of armed menne,
that
[figure appears here on page 52] the Romaynes were afrayde to approche
the lande.
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1 Veſpatian therefore
withdrewe from thence, and coaſting Weſtwarde, landed at Totnes, and comming
to Exeter, beſieged that Citie: but about the ſeuenth day after he hadde
planted hys ſiege, came Aruiragus, and gaue him ba [...]tell, in the which both the Armies ſuſteyned greate loſſe of men, and
neyther parte got any aduantage of the other. On the morrowe after, the
Queene Geniſſa made them friendes, and ſo
the warres ceaſſed.
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1 But ſeeing that (as
before I haue ſayde) the troth of this hiſtorie may be greatly miſtru|ſted,
yee ſhall heare what the Romayne writers ſay of Veſpaſianus being here in
Britayne, be|ſide that whiche wee haue already recited out of Dion in the
lyfe of Guiderius.
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1 In the dayes of the
Emperoure Claudius, through fauour of Narciſſus (one that myghte do all with Claudius) the ſayde Veſpaſian was
ſente as Coronell or Lieutenaunt of a legion of Souldiers into Germany,Veſpaſian. and beeyng remoued from thence into B [...]itayne,Suetonius. Sabellic. hee fought
thirtie ſe|uerall tymes with the enimies, and brought vn|to the Romayne
obeyſance, two moſt mightie nations, and aboue twentie Townes, togither with
the Iſle of Wight, and theſe exploytes hee atchieued, partly vnder the
conduct of Aulus Plautius that was Ruler of Britayne for the Emperour
Claudius, and partl [...] vnder the ſame Emperour himſelfe. For as it is euident by wri|ters of
good credite, hee came firſt ouer into Bri|tayne with the ſayd Aulus
Plautius, and vnder him ſerued right valiantly, as before in place wee haue
partly touched. By Tacitus it appeareth, that he was called to be partener
in the gouern|ment of things in Britayne with Claudius, and had ſuch
ſucceſſe, as it appeared to what eſtate of honor hee was predeſtinate,
hauing conquered nations, and taken Kings priſoners. But nowe to make an
ende with Aruiragus:
[...]al. Ma. At length whẽ hee perceyued that hys force was too
weake to preuayle agaynſte the Romayne Empire, and that hee ſhoulde ſtriue
but in vayne to ſhake the yoke of ſubiection from the neckes of the
Bri|taynes, hee made a finall peace with them nowe in hys olde age, and ſo
continued in qui|ete the reſidue of hys raigne, whyche hee laſt|ly ended by
deathe, after hee hadde gouer|ned the lande by the ſpace of thirtie yeeres,
or but eyght and twentie, as ſome other doe ima|gine. He dyed in the yeere
of grace .73.73 Math. [...]
as one Authoure affirmeth, and was buried at Glouceſter.
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1 In the dayes of this
Aruiragus, about the EEBO page image 53 yeare of Chriſt .53. Ioſeph of
Aramathia whych buried the body of our Sauioure, beeing ſente by Philippe
the Apoſtle (as Iohn Bale, followyng the authoritie of Gildas and other
Britiſhe wri|ters reciteth.) After that the Chriſtians were diſ|perſed out
of Gallia, came into Britayne with diuers other godly Chriſtian men, and
preaching
[figure appears here on page 53]
the Goſpell there amongſt the Britaynes,
and inſtructing thẽ in the faith and lawes of Chriſt, conuerted many to the
true beliefe, and baptiſed them in the wholeſome water of regeneration,
[...]idorus. and there continued all the reſidue of his lyfe,
obteyning of the King a plotte of grounde where to inhabite, not paſt a
foure miles from Welles, and there with
his fellowes began to lay the firſt foundation of that true and perfect
Religion, in which place (or neere therevnto) was afterward erected the
Abbey of Glaſtenbury.
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1 Nicephorus writeth in his
ſecond Booke and fourth Chapter, that one Simon Zelotes came likewiſe into
Britayne. And Theodoretus in his 9. Booke de Curandis Graecorũ
affectibus ſheweth, that Paule being releaſed of his ſecõd
impriſon|ment, and ſuffered to departe from Rome, prea|ched the Goſpell to the Britaynes and to other nations
in the Weſt.
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1 The ſame thing in manner
doth Sophroni|us the Patriarke of Ieruſalem witneſſe. Tertul|lian alſo may
bee a witneſſe of the auncientie of the fayth receyued heere in Britayne,
where hee writing of theſe times ſayeth: Thoſe places of ye Britaines to
the whiche the Romaynes coulde not approche, were ſubiect vnto Chriſt, as
were alſo the countreys of Sarmatia, Dacia, Ger|mania, S [...]ithia, and others.
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1 Thus it may appeare, that
ye Chriſtian reli|gion was planted here in this lande ſhortly after Chriſts
time, although it certaynely appeare not who were the firſte that preached
the Goſpell to the Britaynes, nor whether they were Grekes or Latines.
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1 Cornelius Tacitus
writeth, that the Ro|mayne Emperoures in this ſeaſon gouerned this land by
Lieutenantes and Threaſorers,Treaſorers or
recyuers. the which were called by the name of Legates and
Procurators, thereby to keepe the inhabitantes the better in order.
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1 And Aulus Plautius a
noble man of Rome of the order of Conſuls,Aulus
Plau|tius. was ſente hither as the firſt Legate or Lieutenant (in
manner as before ye haue heard) and after him Oſtorius Scapu|la, the whiche
Scapula at his comming,Oſtorius Sca|pula. founde
the Iſle in trouble,Cor. Tacitus lib. 12.
the enimies hauing made in|uaſiõ into the countrey of thoſe that
were friẽds to the Romaynes, the more preſumptuouſly, for that they
thought, a new Lieutenaunt with an army to him vnaquaynted and commen o|uer
nowe in the beginning of Winter, woulde not be haſtie to march foorth
againſt them. But Oſtorius vnderſtanding, that by the firſte ſuc|ceſſe and
chance of warre, feare or hope is bredde and augmented, haſteth forwarde to
encounter with them, and ſuch as he findeth abroade in the countrey he
ſleath downe right on euery ſide, and purſueth ſuch as fledde, to the ende
they ſhoulde not come togither againe: and for that a diſplea|ſant and a
doubtfull peace was not like to bring quietneſſe eyther to him or to his
army, hee tooke from ſuch as he ſuſpected, theyr armour. And af|ter this,
hee goeth about to defende the ryuers of Auon and Seuerne, with placing his
ſouldiers in campes fortifyed neere to the ſame. But the Oxfordſhire menne
and other of thoſe parties would not ſuffer hym to accompliſh his purpoſe in
any quiet ſort, being a puiſſant kynd of people, & not hitherto
weakened by warres: for they wil|lingly at the firſt had ioyned in amitie
with the Romaines.Cornelius Ta|cit. lib. 12.
The Countreys adioyning alſo be|ing induced by their procuremente,
came to thẽ, and ſo they choſe foorth a plotte of grounde, fen|ſed with a
mightie ditche, vnto the whiche there was no way to enter but one, and the
ſame very narrowe, ſo as the horſemen could not haue any eaſie paſſage to
breake in vpon them. Oſtorius, although he hadde no legionarie Souldiers,
but certayne bandes of aydes, marcheth foorthe to|wards the place within the
which the Britaines were lodged, and aſſaulting them in the ſame, breaketh
through into their camp, wher the Bri|taynes being impeached with their owne
inclo|ſiers whiche they had reyſed for defenſe of the place, knowing how for
their rebellion, they were like to finde ſmal mercy at the Romaynes hãds,
when they ſawe now no way to eſcape, layde a|bout them manfully, and ſhewed
greate proofe of their valiant ſtomackes.Which was a
certayne Crowne, to be ſet on his head called ci|uica corona.
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1 In this battell, the
ſonne of the Lieutenante M. Oſtorius deſerued the price and commenda|tion of
preſeruing a Citizen out of the enimies hands.
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1
EEBO page image 54But nowe with this ſlaughter of the Oxe|fordſhire menne,
dyuers of the Britaynes that ſtoode doubtfull what way to take, eyther to
reſt in quiet, or to moue warres, were conten|ted to bee reformable vnto a
reaſonable order of peace, and ſo Oſtorius leadeth hys armye a|gainſte the
people called Cangi,Cangi. that inhabited that
parte of Wales that nowe is called Den|highſhire, whiche countrey hee
ſpoyled on e|uery ſide, no enemie once daring to encounter him: and if any of them aduentured priuily to ſet vpon
thoſe whiche they founde behinde, or on the outſides of his army, they were
cut ſhortere they could eſcape out of daunger. Wherevpon, hee marched
ſtraighte to their campe, and giuing them battell, vanquiſheth them. And
vſing the victory as reaſon moued him, he leadeth his army againſte thoſe
that inhabited the inner partes of Wales, ſpoyling the countrey on euery
ſide.
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1 And thus ſharply purſuing
the Rebells, he ap|proched neere to the
Sea ſide, whiche lyeth ouer againſt Ireland.
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1 Whileſt this Romane
Captayne is thus oc|cupied, hee was called backe by the Rebellion of the
Yorkeſhire men, whome forth with vppon his commyng vnto them, he appeaſed,
puniſhyng the firſt authors of that tumult with death.
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1 In the meane tyme,Cor. [...] lib. 12.
the people called Si|lures, beeyng a very fierce kynde of menne, and
right valiante, prepare to make warre agaynſte the Romaynes, for they mighte
not [...] neyther with roughneſſe, nor yet with any cur|teous handling, ſo that
they were to be tamed by an army of legionary ſouldiers to be brought a|mong
them.
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1 Therefore to reſtrayne
the furious rage of thoſe people and their neighbours, Oſtorius peo|pled a
Towne neere to their bordures, called Ca|mulodunũ with certayne bandes of
olde Souldi|ers, there to inhabite with theyr Wiues, and children, according
to ſuch manner as was vſed in like caſes of placing naturall Romaynes in any
Towne or Citie, for the more ſuretie and defence of the ſame.
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1
2 Here alſo was a temple
builded in the honor of Claudius the Emperour, where were two I|mages
[figure appears here on page 54] erected, one of the Goddeſſe Victoria, and
an other of Claudius himſelfe. But nowe there reſteth a great doubt among
writers, where thys Citie or Towne called Camulodunum dyd ſtand, of ſome and
not without good grounde of probable coniectures, gathered vpon the aduiſed
conſideration of the circumſtances of that whych in olde authors is found
written of this place, it is thought to be
Colcheſter.Camulodunũ Colcheſter. But verily
by thys place of Tacitus it may ſeeme rather to be ſome other towne, ſituate
more Weſtward than Col|cheſter, ſith a colonie of Romaine Souldiers were
planted there to bee at hande, for the repreſ|ſing of the vnquiet
Silures,Silures where they inhabited whiche by
conſent of moſt writers inhabited in Southwales, or neere the Welch
Marches.
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1 There was a Caſtell of
great fame in tymes paſt that hight Cameletum, or in Brittiſhe Ca|ermalet,
whiche ſtoode in the Marches of Som|merſetſhire: but ſith there is none that
hathe ſo written before thys tyme, I will not ſaye that happily ſome error
hathe growen by miſtakyng the name of Camalodunum, for this Camale|tum by
ſuch as haue copyed foorthe the Booke of Cornelius Tacitus, and yet ſo it
myght be done by ſuche as found it ſhort, or vnperfectly written, namely, by
ſuche ſtraungers or other, to whome onely the name of Camulodunum was onely
knowne, and Camaletum peraduenture neuer ſeene nor heard of. As for
enſample, an Engliſh|man that hath heard of Waterforde in Ireland, and not
of Wexforde, might in taking foorthe a EEBO page image 55 copie of ſome
writing eaſily committe a faulte in noting the one for the other.
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1 We fynde in Ptolomei
Camudolon to bee a Citie belonging to the Trinobantes, and he ma|keth
mention alſo of Camulodunum, but Hum|frey Llhuyde thinketh that hee meaneth
all one Citie.
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1
2 Notwithſtanding, Polidore
Vergill is of a contrary opinion, ſuppoſing the one to be Col|cheſter
indeede, and the other that is Camelodu|num to be Duncaſter or Pontfret. Leland eſtee|ming it to be certaynely
Colcheſter, taketh the I|ceni alſo to be the Northfolke men. But howe ſo
euer we ſhall take thys place of Tacitus, it is e|uidente ynough that
Camulodunum ſtoode not farre from the Thaymes. And therefore to ſeeke it
with Hector Boetius in Scotlande, or with Polidore Vergill ſo farre as
Doncaſter or Poutfret, it may bee thought a playne error: but to leaue each
man to his owne iudgemente in a matter ſo
doubtfull (as to many it ſeemeth to be) we will proceede with the hiſtorie,
touching the warres betwixte the Romaynes and the Syla|rians, againſte whome
(truſting not only vppon theyr owne manhoode, but alſo vppon the hygh prowes
and valiancie of Caractacus) Oſtorius ſet forwarde.
[...]ornelius [...]acitus. [...]. Anna. 12.
Caractacus excelled in fame aboue all other the Princes of Britaine,
aduanced ther|to by many doubtfull aduentures and many pro|ſperous exploytes
whiche in his tyme he hadde atchieued: but
as hee was in policie and aduaun|tage of place better prouided than the
Romaines: ſo in power of Souldiers hee was ouermatched. And therefore he
remoued the warre into the partes of that countrey where the Ordouices
in|habited, whiche are thoughte to haue dwelled in the bordures of
Shropſhire,
[...]u. Lloyde. Cheſhire, and Lan|caſhire, the which people
togither with other that miſliked of the Romayne gouernemente, he ioy|ned in
one, and choſe foorthe a plotte of grounde
moſt for his aduantage, determining there to trie the vttermoſt hazarde of
Mars his iudge|mente.
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1 The place whyche he thus
choſe was ſuch, as the entries, the backwayes, and the whole ſitua|tion
thereof made for the Britaynes aduaun|tage, and cleane contrarye to the
Romaynes, encloſed amongſt high hilles, and if there were any eaſie paſſage
to enter it vppon any ſyde, the ſame was ſhutte vp with mightie huge ſtones
in manner of a rampire, and afore it there ranne a riuer without any
certayne fourde to paſſe o|uer it.
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1 This place is ſuppoſed of
ſome to lye in the confynes of Shropſhire aloft vppon the toppe of an hygh
hyll there, enuironed with a triple ram|pire and ditch of great depth,
hauing three entries into it, not directly one againſte an other, but
a|ſlope.
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1 It is alſo (ſaye they)
compaſſed aboute with two Riuers, to witte, on the lefte hand with the Riuer
called Clun, and on the ryght with an o|ther Riuer called Te [...]ide. On three ſydes there of, the clime is very ſteepe and headlong,
and no way eaſie to come vnto it, but onely one.
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1 Caratacke hauyng thus
fortified hymſelfe within thys place, and broughte his army into it: hee to
encourage hys people, exhorted them to ſhewe theyr manhoode, affirmyng that
to bee the daye, and that army to bee the ſame where|in ſhoulde appeare the
beginnyng eyther of li|bertie, then to bee recouered, or elſe of perpetuall
bondage for euer to be ſuſteyned.
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1 He rehearſed alſo
ſpecially by name thoſe their elders, whiche hadde reſiſted Iulius Ceſar, by
whoſe high valiancie they lyued free from the bloudy thraldome and tributes
of the Romayns, and enioyed theyr Wiues and children ſafe and vndefiled. And
thus diſcourſing of many thyngs with them, in ſuch hope of aſſured victory,
that they began to reyſe theyr cries, eache one for himſelfe declaring, that
he was bound by the du|tie he ought to the Gods of his countrey, not to
ſhrinke for feare of any woundes or hurtes that might chaunce vnto them by
the enimies wea|pon.
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1 Thys cheerefulneſſe of
the Britaynes, greatly aſtonied the Romayne Lieutenant. The hideous courſe
alſo of the Riuer before his face, the fortificatiõs and craggie height of
the hilles, all ſet full of enimies ready to beate him backe, putte him in
greate feare: for nothing he ſawe afore him, but that whiche ſeemed
dreadfull to thoſe that ſhould aſſayle. But the Souldiers yet ſeemed to be
very deſirous of battayle, requeſting him to bring them to it, proteſting
that nothyng was able to reſiſt the force of noble prowes. Here|with the
Captaynes and Tribunes diſcourſing the like, pricked forwarde the earneſt
willes whiche theyr Souldiers had to fighte.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Oſtorius perceyuing ſuche
courage and readie willes in the menne of warre, as well Souldiers as
Captaynes, hee beganne to be|ſturre himſelfe, and left nothing vndone that
myghte ſerue to ſet forwarde theyr earneſt deſire to battell.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 And hauing aduiſedly
conſidered whiche wayes were harde, and impoſſible to bee entred vpon, and
whyche places were moſt eaſie for hys people to finde paſſage by, he leadeth
them foorth,Cornelius Tacitus. Annal. lib. 12.
beeing moſt earneſtly beaute to cope with theyr enymies.
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1 Hee paſſed the water
withoute anye greate difficultie, but commyng to the rampyre, he loſt many
of his people, ſo lõg as the fight was cõti|nued EEBO page image 56 with
ſhotte and caſting of dartes: but after that the Romaynes couering them
ſelues with theyr targets, came once cloſe togither, and ap|proched vnder
ye Rampire, they remoued away ye ſtones which ye Britaynes had roughly
couched togither, and ſo they came to ioyne with them at handblowes. The
Britaynes being vnarmed, and not able to abide the force of the armed men,
withdrew to ye top of the hilles, but as well theyr enimies that were light
armed as the other with heauie armoure followed and brake in among them, ſo
as the Britaynes coulde not turne them any way foorth to eſcape, for the
light armed mẽ with ſhot a farre off, and the heauie armed with weapons at
hand, ſought to make ſlaughter and wracke of them on eache ſide, ſo that
this was a
[figure appears here on page 56] right dolefull day vnto the
Britaynes.
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1 The wife and daughter of
Caratake were ta|ken priſoners, and his breethren alſo yeelded thẽ|ſelues.
He himſelfe eſcaped, and committing hys
perſon vnto the aſſurance and truſt of Cartemã|dua Queene of the Brigantes,
was by hir dely|uered into the hands of the Romaynes.
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1 This was a nine yeres
after ye warres in Bri|tayne firſte began. His name beeing broughte foorth
of the Iſles,
Cornelius Tac. lib. 12. Caratakes name renow|med. was
already ſpredde ouer the prouinces adioyning, and began nowe to growe famous
through Italy. Men therefore were deſi|rous to ſee what manner of man he was
that had ſo many yeeres ſet at naught the
puiſſante force of the Empire. For in Rome the name of Cara|tacus was much
ſpoken of. And the Emperoure whileſt hee goeth about to preferre his owne
ho|nor, aduanceth the glory of him alſo that was vanquiſhed. For the people
were called foorthe as vnto ſome great notable ſight or ſpectable. The
Pretorian bandes ſtoode in order of battell armed in the field that lay
before their lodgings through which fielde Caratake ſhould come. Then paſſed
foorth the trayne of his friends and
ſeruantes, and ſuche armour, riches, Iewels, and other thyngs as had bin
gote in thoſe warres, were borne for|warde, and openly ſhewed, that all men
myghte behold the ſame.
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1
2 After theſe followed his
breethren, Wife, and daughters: and laſt of all came Caratacus him|ſelfe,
whoſe countenaunce was nothing lyke to theirs that went afore him, for
whereas they fea|ring puniſhment for their Rebellion with waile|full
countenance craued mercy, hee neyther by countenaunce nor wordes ſhewed any
token of a diſcouraged minde, but beeyng preſented before the Emperour
Claudius ſitting in his Tribu|nall ſeate, he began his tale in this wiſe. If
there hadde bin in mee ſo muche moderation in tyme of proſperitie, as there
was nobilitie of birth, and puiſſance, I hadde come to this Citie rather as
a friende than as a Captayne. Neyther ſhould I haue thought diſdeyne, beeyng
borne of moſt noble parentes, and ruling ouer many people, to haue accepted
peace by way of ioyning with you in league. My preſente ſtate as it is to
mee reprochfull, ſo to you it is honorable. I hadde at commaundemente
Horſes, men, armour, and great riches, what maruell is it if I was loth to
forgoe the ſame? For if you ſhall looke to gouerne all men, it muſt needes
followe that all menne muſt become your ſlaues. If I hadde at the firſte
yeelded my ſelfe, neyther my power nor youre glory hadde bin ſet foorth to
the world, and vpon myne execution I ſhoulde ſtraight haue bin for|gotten.
But if you nowe graunte me life, I ſhall be a witneſſe for euer of youre
mercifull clemen|cie.
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1 The Emperour with theſe
words being paci|fied, graunted life both to Caratake and alſo to EEBO page image 57 his wife and brethren, who being lofed from their bandes,
went alſo to the place where the Empres Agrippina ſate (not farre of) in a
Chayre of e|ſtate, whome they reuerenced with the lyke prayſe and thankes as
they had done before to the Emperour.
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1 After this, the Senate
was called togither, who diſcourſed of many things touching thys honourable
victorie atchieued by the taking of Caratake,
[...]ix. [...]aulus. eſteeming the ſame no leſſe glorious, than whẽ P. Scipio ſhewed in triumph Siphax king
of the Numidians, or L. Paulus the Mace|donian king Perces, or other Romain
captaynes any ſuch king whom they had vanquiſhed.
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1 Herevpon it was euen determined, that O|ſtorius ſhoulde enter the
Citie of Rome wyth tryumphe lyke a Conquerour, for ſuche proſpe|rous
ſucceſſe as hytherto had followed hym: but afterwardes hys proceedings were
not ſo luckie, eyther for that after Caratake was remoued out of the way, the Romaines as though the warre had
beene finiſhed, looked negligently to them|ſelues, eyther else for that the
Brytayns taking compassion of the miserable state of Caratake, being so
worthie a Prince, through fortunes froward aspect cast into miserie, were
more earnestly set to reuenge hys quarell. And hereupon they co(m)passe
about the maister of the campe, and those legionarie bandes of souldiers,
which were left amongst the Silures to fortifie there a place for the armie
to lodge in: and if succour had not come out of the next townes and castels,
the Romains had bene destroyed by siege. The head Captaine yet, and .viij.
Centurions, and euery one else of the co(m)panies being most forward, were
slaine.
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1 And shortly after, they set vpon the Romaine foragers, and put
them to flight, and also suche companies of horsemen as were appoynted to
garde them. Hereupon Ostorius setteth foorth certaine bands of light
horsmen, but neither could he stay the flight by that meanes, til finally
the legions entred the battail, by whose force they were stayd, and at
length the Romaines obteyned the better: but the Brytayns escaped by flight
without
[figure appears here on page 57] great losse, by reason the day was
spent.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After this many
bickerings chaunced betwixt the Brytains & Romains, and oftentymes
they wrought theyr feates more like to the trade of them that vſe to robbe
by the high wayes, than of thoſe that make open warre, catching their
eni|mies at ſome aduauntage in woods and bogs, as hap or force miniſtred
occaſion vpon malice con|ceyued, or in hope of pray, ſomtimes by
cõmaun|dement, and ſometimes without eyther cõmaun|dement or knowledge of captain or officer.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 At one time the Brytains
ſurpriſed two bands of footmen that were with the Romains in ay [...]e, and ſente forth to forrey abroade vnaduiſedly, through
couetouſneſſe of the Captaines. Thys ſeat was atchieued by the Silures alſo,
the which in beſtowing priſoners and part of the ſpoyle vn|to other of their
neighbours, procured them like|wiſe to rebel againſt the Romains, to take
paſt with them. The Silures were the more earneſtly ſet againſt the Romains,
by occaſion of wordes which the Emperor Claudius had vttred in their
diſfauor, as thus: that euẽ as the Sicambres were deſtroyed and remoued
into Gallia, ſo likewiſe muſt the Silures be dealt with, and the who [...]e nation of them extinguiſhed.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Theſe wordes being blowne
abroade, and knowne ouer all, cauſed the Silures to conceyue a wonderfull
hatred agaynſt the Romaynes, ſo that they were fully bent, eyther to retayne
theyr libertie, or to die in defence thereof vpon the eni|mies ſwordes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In the meane tyme
Oſtorius Scapula de|parted this life, a right noble warriour, and one who by
little and little enſuing the ſte [...]s of Aulus Plautius his predeceſſor, did what hee coulde to EEBO page image 58 bring the Ile into the forme of a prouince, which in part he
accompliſhed.
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1
2 There be ſome led by
coniecture grounded vp|pon good aduiſed conſiderations,W.H. in his Chronolog [...]e. that ſuppoſe this Oſtorius Scapula beganne to build the
Citie of Cheſter after the ouerthrow of Caractacus, for in thoſe parties he
fortified ſundry holdes, and placed a number of olde ſouldiers either there
in that ſelf place, or in ſome other neare therevnto by way of a colonie.
And forſomuch (ſay they) as we read of
none other of any name thereaboutes, it is to bee thought that he plãted
the ſame in Cheſter, where his ſucceſſors did afterwardes vſe to harborrow
their legions for the winter ſeaſon, and in time of reſt from iourneyes,
which they haue to make a|gaynſt their common enimies. In deede it is a
common opinion among the people there vnto this day, that the Romains built
thoſe vaultes or tauernes (which in that citie are vnder ye ground) with
ſome part of the caſtell. And verily as Ra|nulf Higeden ſayth,Ra. Higeden alias
Ceſtrẽſis. a man that ſhall view & well conſider thoſe
buildings, he may think the ſame to be the work of Romains rather than of
any other people. That the Romain legions did make their abode there, no man
ſene in antiquities can doubt thereof, for the auncient name Caer leon
ardour deuy, that is, the Citie of Legions vpon the wa|ter of Dee,
proueth it ſufficiently ynough.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But now to returne vnto
Oſtorius Scapula, we finde in Cornelius Tacitus,Cor.
Tacit. that during the time of
the ſame Scapula his being lieutenant in this Ile, there were certaine
Cities giuen vnto one Cogidune a king of the Brytains,Cogidune a K. in Brytaine. who con|tinued faythfull to the
Romaines vnto the dayes of the remembrance of men liuing in the time of the
ſayd Cor. Tacit who liued and wrote in the Emperor Domitianus time. And this
was done after an olde receyued cuſtome of the people of Rome, to haue both
ſubiects & kings vnder their rule and dominion as witneſſeth the
ſame Tac.)
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1
[figure appears here on page 58] AFter the deceaſſe of Oſtorius Scapula,A. Didius Lieutenant. to ſupplye his rowmeth was ſent
one A. Di|dius: but ere hee coulde come thinges were brought oute of order,
and the Brytaynes had vanquiſhed the legion of the whiche Manlius Valens had the conduct: and this victorie was ſet
forth by the Brytaynes to the vttermoſt, that with the bruite thereof they
might ſtrike a feare into the Lieutenants heart, nowe vpon his firſt comming
ouer. And he him|ſelfe reported it by letters to the Emperor after ye
largeſt maner, to the end that if he appeaſed the matter, he might winne the
more prayſe, or if hee were put to the worſt, and ſhoulde not preuaile, that
then his excuſe might ſeeme the more reaſo|nable and worthie of pardon. The
Silurians were they that had atchieued this victory, and kept a foule ſturre
ouer all the countryes aboute them, till by the comming of Didius agaynſte
them, they they were dryuen backe and repulſed.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 But herewyth beganne
trouble to be rayſed in another part:
[...] let of the [...]. for after that Caratake was ta|ken, the chiefeſt and moſt
ſkilfull Captain which the Brytaynes had, was one Venuſius, a ruler of the
people named Iugantes, a man that re|mayned a long tyme faythfull to the
Romains, and by theyr power was defended from his eni|mies, who hauing
maryed with Cartimanda Queene of the Brygantes or Yorkeſhire men.Car [...]
This Cartimãda (as ye haue heard) had deliuered Caratake into the
Romains hands, therby mini|ſtring matter for the Emperour Claudius to
tri|umph, by whiche pleaſure ſhewed to the Ro|mains, ſhee increaſed through
theyr friendſhip in power and wealth, whereof followed riotous luſt to
ſatiſfie hir wanton appetite, ſo as ſhe fal|ling at ſquare with hir
huſbande,Veloca [...]
maryed Vello|catus, one of his Eſquiers, to whom ſhe gaue hir
kingdome, and ſo diſhonoured hir ſelfe. Herevpon enſued cruell warre,
inſomuche that in the ende Venuſius became enimie alſo to the Romaines. But
firſt they tugged togither betwixt themſel|ues, and the Queene by a craftie
pollicie founde meanes to catch the brother and couſins of Ve|nutius, but
hir enimies nothing therwith diſcou|raged, but kindled the more in wrath
agaynſt hir, ceaſſed not to goe forwarde with theyr purpoſe. Many of the
Brigantes diſdeyning to be ſubiect vnto a womans rule yt had ſo reiected
hir huſbãd, reuolted vnto Venutius: but yet ye Queenes ſen|ſual luſt mixed
with crueltie, mainteyned the ad|ulterer. Venutius therfore calling to him
ſuch aid as he could get, & ſtrẽgthned now by the reuolting of the
Brigantes, brought Cartimanda to ſuch a narrow point, yt ſhe was in great
danger to fal in|to the hands of hir enimies: which the Romaines foreſeeing,
vpon ſute made, ſent certaine bands of horſmen & footmen to help
hir. They had diuerſe encoũters with the enimies at the firſt,
[...] keepeth the kingdome [...] diſpite of [...] Romain. with dout|full ſucceſſe: but at length they
preuayled, & ſo de|liuered the Queene out of peril, but the kingdome
remained to Venutius: againſt whõ ye Romains were conſtrayned ſtill to
mainteyne the warre.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 About the ſame time the
legion alſo which Ce|ſius Naſcica led, got the vpper hand of thoſe Bri|tains
againſt whom he was ſent. For Did. be|ing aged, & by victories paſt
ynough renowmed, thought it ſufficient for him to make war by his captains,
ſo to ſtay and keepe off the enimie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Certain caſtels and
holdes in deed he cauſed to be built & fortified further within ye
cũtry thã had EEBO page image 59 bene afore attempted by any of his
predeceſſors, and ſo thereby were the confines of the Romains in this Ile
ſomwhat inlarged.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus haue ye heard with
what ſucceſſe the Brytaynes maintayned warre in defence of their libertie
agaynſt the Romaines, whyleſt Clau|dius ruled the Empire (according to the
report of the Romain wryters.)
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...]he error of Hector [...]etius.But here muſt you note, that Hector Boetius folowing
the authoritie of one Veremond a Spa|niard, alſo of Cornelius Hibernicus, and Camp|bell remoueth the Silures,
Brygantes, and No|uantes, ſo farre northward that he maketh thẽ
in|habitants of thoſe Countreys which the Scottes haue now in poſſeſſion,
and were euen then inha|bited (as he affyrmeth) partly by the Scottes, and
partly by the Pictes (as in the Scottiſh Hyſtorie ye may ſee more at large,)
ſo yt what notable feate ſoeuer was atchiued by the olde Britains againſt
the Romains, the ſame by him is aſcribed vnto Scottes and Pictes, throughout his whole Hy|ſtorie,
whereas (in verie truth) for ſomuch as may bee gathered by coniecture and
preſumption of that whiche is left in wryting by auncient Au|thours, the
Brygantes inhabited Yorkſhyre, the Silures Wales & the Marches, and
the Nouãtes in the countrey of Cumberland.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But forſomuch as he hath
diligently gathe|red in what maner the warres were mainteyned by thoſe
people agaynſt the Romains, and what
valiant exploytes were taken in hande, and fur|niſhed through their
ſtoutneſſe and valiancie, ye may there reade the ſame,A
note to be conſidered in the reading of Hect. Boetius and iudge at
your plea|ſure what people they were whome hee ſo muche prayſeth,
aduertiſing you hereof by the way, that as we haue before expreſſed, none of
the Romain wryters mencioneth anye thing of the Scottes, nor once nameth
them, tyll the Romaine Em|pyre beganne to decaye aboute the tyme of the
Emperour Conſtantius, the father of Conſtan|tine the great, ſo that if they had beene in thys Ile then ſo
famous both in peace and warre, as they are reported by the ſame Boetius,
mar|uayle might it ſeeme, that the Romaine wry|ters woulde ſo paſſe them
ouer with ſilence.
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1
Cor. Tac. li. Annal. 15.
After the death of Claudius the Emperour of Rome, Claudius Domitianus
Nero ſucceeded him in gouernment of the Empyre. In the .vij. yeare of whoſe
raigne, which was after the in|carnation .53. the Romaines receyued a great
o|uerthrow in Brytain, where neither the
lieutenãt A. Didius Gallus (whõ in this place Cornelius Tacitus calleth
Auitus) coulde during the tyme of his rule do no more but holde that which
was alreadie gotten beſide the building of certain Ca|ſtelles (as before yee
haue heard:) neyther hys ſucceſſor Verannius, beating and forreying the
Woods, could atchieue any further enterprice, for he was by death preuẽted,
ſo as he could not pro|ceed forward with his purpoſe touching ye warres
which hee had ment to haue followed, whoſe laſt wordes (in his teſtament
expreſſed) detected him of manifeſt ambition: for adding many things by way
of flatterie to content Nerues minde, he wi|ſhed to haue liued but two yeres
longer, in which ſpare he might haue ſubdued prouinces vnto hys dominion,
meaning thereby the whole Ile of Brytaine.
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1
[figure appears here on page 59] BVT nowe when thys great loſſe chã|ced to
the Ro|mains,Paulus Sueto|nius lieutenãt.
Pauli|nus Suetoni|us did gouerne here as lieute|nãt, a mã moſt plentifully
fur|niſhed with all guts of fortune and vertue, and therewith a right
ſkilfull warriour.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This Suetonius therefore
wiſhing to tame ſuch of the Brytains as kept out,Angleſey
in|uaded. prepareth to aſ|ſaile the Ile of Angleſey, a country
full of Inha|bitants, and a place of refuge for al outlawes and rebels. He
builded certaine Brigantines with flat kiles to ſerue for the ebbes
& ſhallowe ſhelues here & there, lying vncertainly in the
ſtraits which he had to paſſe. The footmen feried ouer in thoſe veſ|ſels,
the horſmen folowing by the fourds & ſwim|ming when they came into
the deepe, got likewiſe to the ſhore, where ſtood in order of battel an huge
number of armed men cloſe togither, redy to beate back the Romains,
& to ſtay thẽ frõ comming to land. Amongſt the men,A ſtrange ma|ner of women. a nũber of women were
alſo running vp and down as they had bin out of their wits in garments like
to wild rogues, with their beare hanging downe about their ſhoulders, and
bearing firebrands in their handes.
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1 There was alſo a company
of their prieſts or philoſophers called Druides,The
Druides. who with ſtretched forth handes towards heauen, thundred
out cur|ſings againſt the Romains in moſt bitter wiſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The ſoldiers were ſo
amaſed with the ſtrãge|neſſe of this ſight, that (as men benummed of their
limmes and ſenſes) they ſuffred themſelues to be wounded and ſlain like
ſenſeleſſe creatures, til by the calling vpon of their general, &
ech one encou|raging other in no wiſe to feare a ſort of mad di|ſtract
women, they preaſſed forward vnder theyr enſignes, bearing downe ſuche as
ſtoode in theyr way, & with their owne fire ſmouldred and burnt them
to aſhes.
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1 To conclude,Angleſey won by the Ro|mains. the Romain lieutenãt
got poſ|ſeſſiõ of the whole Ile, wherin he placed gariſons of mẽ of war to
kepe the people there in ſubiectiõ.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
EEBO page image 60He alſo cauſed their woods to be cut downe, that were
conſecrated to theyr Goddes,Woods cut downe.
within the which they were accuſtomed to ſacrifice ſuche as they tooke
priſoners, and by the view of theyr in|trayles, in diſmembring them, to
learne of theyr Goddes ſome Oracles and ſuch other things as ſhould come to
paſſe.
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1
2
3 But now in the meane
tyme, whileſt Pau|linus was abrode about this enterpriſe, the Bry|tains
began to conferre togither of their great and importable miſeries, of their grieuous ſtate of
ſer|uitude, of their iniuries and wrongs, whiche they dayly ſuſteyned: how
that by ſuffrance they profi|ted nothing, but ſtill were oppreſſed with more
heauy burdens: eche cuntrie in times paſt had on|ly one king to rule them:
now had they two, the lieutenant by his captains and ſouldiers,Lieutenant & Procurator. ſpilling their
blouds, and the Procurator or receyuer (as we may call him) bereauing them
of their goods and ſubſtance. The concord or diſcord betwixt thoſe that were appoynted to rule ouer them, was
all alike hurtful vnto the ſubiects, the lieutenaunt oppreſſing them by his
captains & men of warre, and the procurator or receyuer by force
& reproch|full demeanor, polling them by inſupportable ex|actions.
There was nothing free from the coue|tous extortion & filthie
concupiſcence of thoſe vn|faciable perſons, for in theſe dayes (ſay they)
the greateſt ſpoiler is the valianteſt man, & moſt cõ|monly our
houſes are robbed & rãſacked by a ſort of cowardly raſkals that haue no knowledge of any warlike
feates at all. Our children are taken from vs, we are forced to go to the
muſters & are ſet forth to ſerue in forraine parties, as thoſe that
are ignorant which way to ſpend our liues in the quarell of our owne
countrey. What a number of ſoldiers haue bene tranſported ouer from hence to
ſerue in other landes, if a iuſt account were taken therof? The Germaines by
manhood haue caſt (ſayd they) from their ſhoulders the heauy yoke of
bondage, and are not defended as we are
with the main Ocean ſea, but onely with a riuer. Where the Brytaines haue
their countrey, their wiues & parents, as iuſt cauſes of warre to
fight for: the Romains haue none at all, but a couetous deſire to gayne by
rapine, and to ſatiſfie their exceſſiue luſtes. They might eaſily be
compelled to depart the cuntry, as Iulius Ceſar was, if the Brytains would
ſhew ſome proofe of the noble prowes that was euidently found in their
worthie aunceſters, and not to ſhrinke or
quaile in courage for the miſaduenture that ſhould happily chance by
figh|ting one battaile or two. Greateſt force and con|ſtancie alwayes
remayneth with thoſe that ſeeke to deliuer themſelues from miſerie. Now
appea|red it that the Goddes had taken ſome pitie of the poore Brytayns, who
by their diuine power did withhold the chief captain of the Romaines with
his army, as it were baniſhed in an other Ilande. Let vs thẽ ſayd they)
take the oportunitie of time and good occaſion offred, and forthwith
proceede in our buſineſſe:
[...] to be neg|lected. for leſſe daunger it is manfully to
aduenture, and to goe forwarde with our pur|poſe, than to be bewrayed and
taken in theſe oure conſultations.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus hauing taken aduice
togither, and who|ly miſlyking their preſent ſtate, they determined to take
weapon in hande and ſo by force, to ſeeke for reformation.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 They were verily
occaſioned thereto through many euil partes practiſed by ye Romains
great|ly to their griefes and diſpleaſures.Cor. [...]
For whereas Praſutagus
[...]
(ſuppoſed by Hector Boetius to bee Aruiragus K. of the people called
Iceni)The [...] and [...]|ceſter [...]i [...] men. had made the Emperor and two of his owne daughters his
heyres, ſuppoſing by that mean to haue his king|dome & family
preſerued frõ al iniury: it happened quite contrarie to that his
expectation. For his kingdom was ſpoyled by the Romain captaines,Voadicia, [...]. his wife named Voadicia beaten by the ſouldiers, his
daughters rauiſhed, the Peeres of the realme bereft of their goods, and the
kings friends made and reputed as bond ſlaues.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 There was alſo an other
great cauſe that ſtyr|red the Brytains to this rebellion,Dion Caſ [...]
which was the cõfiſcating of their goods: for where as Claudius
himſelfe had pardoned the chiefeſt perſons of the forfeytures, Decianus
Catus the Procurator of that Ile, mainteyned that the ſame ought to be
renued againe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 To this an other griefe
was added,
[...]. that where Seneca had lent to the nobilitie of ye Ile
foure .C. Seſtertium, ech hũdred being .500000. lb
ſterling, or there about, vpon great intereſt, he required the whole ſumme
togither by great rigor & violence, although he forced them at the
firſt to take thys money to vſurie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Alſo ſuch old ſouldiers
as were placed by way of a colonie, to inhabite the towne of Camulodu|num,
expelled many of the Brytains out of their houſes, droue them out of theyr
poſſeſſions and landes, and accounted the Brytaynes as ſlaues and as though
they had beene their captiue priſo|ners or bondmen. Beſide this, the temple
there which was built in honor of Claudius as an aul|ter of eternal rule
& gouernment, was ſerued with prieſts, the which vnder color of
religiõ did ſpoile, conſume and deuour the goods of all men.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Moreouer ſuch ſtrange
ſightes and wonders as chanced about the ſame time, pricked the Bri|tains
the rather forwarde. For the Image of the Goddeſſe Victoria in the
temple at Camulodunũ, ſlipping downe, turned hir backe (as who ſhoulde ſay)
ſhee gaue place (as vanquiſhed) to the eni|myes.Dion
Caſ [...]
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Alſo in the Hall where
the Courtes of Iu|ſtice EEBO page image 61 were kept, there was a marueylous
greate noyſe hearde,
[...]e wo [...]| [...]
with muche laughing and a ſturre in the Theatre, with great weeping
and lamen|table howling, at ſuche tyme as it was certenly knowne that there
was no creature there to make any ſuch noyſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...] Caſsius.The Sea at a Spring Tyde appeared of a bloudie
colour, and when the Tyde was gone backe, there were ſeene on the Sandes the
ſhapes and figures of mens bodies.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Women alſo, as rauiſhed
of theyr wittes, and beeing as it were in a furye, prophecied that
de|ſtruction was at hande, ſo that the Brytaynes were put greatly in hope,
and the Romaines in feare.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...].But thoſe things, whether they chaunced by the crafte of
man, or illuſion of the Diuell, or whether they proceeded of ſome naturall
cauſe, the which the common ſort of people oftentymes ta|keth
ſuperſtitiouſly, in place of vnkouth maruails ſignifying things to followe, we woulde let paſſe leaſt
wee might bee thought to offende religion, (the which teaching all things to
bee done by the prouidence of God, deſpiſeth the vaine foreſhew|ings of
happes to come) if the order of an hyſtory (ſayth Polidore Vergill) woulde
ſo permit, the whiche requyreth all things to bee wrytten in maner as they
fall foorth and come to paſſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
[...]
Tac. li. 15. [...]dicia by [...] Caſsius [...]lled Bun| [...].But the Brytaynes were chiefely mooued to Rebellion by the
iuſte complaynte of Voa|dicia, declaryng
howe vnſeemely ſhee had beene vſed and intreated at the handes of the
Romains: and bycauſe that ſhee was moſte earneſtlye bent to ſeeke reuenge of
theyr iniuryes,The auncient Brytaines ad|mitted as well
women as mẽ in publike gouernment. and hated the Romaine name
moſte of all other, they choſe hir to bee Captayne (for they in rule and
gouernment made no difference then of ſexe, whe|ther they committed the
ſaiue to man or wo|man) and ſo by a generall conſpiracie, the more parte of
the people hauing alſo allured the Eſſex men vnto Rebellion, roſe and
aſſembled them|ſelues togyther to make warres agaynſt the Ro|maines.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 There were of them a
hundred and [...] thouſande gotte togither in one armie vnder the leading of the ſayde
Voadicia, or B [...]adu [...]a (as ſome name hir.)
Compare 1587 edition:
1 She therefore to
encourage hir people agaynſt the enimyes, mounted vp into an high place
ray|ſed vp of turfe and ſoddes made for the no [...]s, out of the which ſhe made a long and verie pithie O|ration.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 Hir mightie tall
perſonage, comely ſhape, ſe|uere countenance, and ſharpe voyce, with hir
long and yealow treſſes of heare reaching downe to hir thighes, hir braue
and gorgeous apparell alſo cauſed the people to haue hir i [...] greate renounce. She ware a Chaine of golde, greate, and verye
maſſie, and was clad in a loſe kyrtle of ſundrie colours, and aloft
therevppon ſhee had a thicke Iriſh mantell: hereto in his hand (as hir
cuſtome was) ſhe bare a ſpeare, to ſhew hirſelfe the more
[figure appears here on page 61] dreadfull. Hir wordes therefore ſet forth with ſuch a
Maieſtie of preſence, greatly encouraged the Brytaynes, ſhe vttering the
ſame in maner as followeth.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The Oration [...] Voaditia.
I Doe ſuppoſe (my louers and friendes) that there is no man here but doth
well vnder|ſtande howe much libertie and freedome is to bee preferred
before thraldome and bondage. But if there haue bene any of you ſo
deceyued with the Romaine perſwaſions, that that ye did not for a time
ſee a difference betweene them, and iudge whether of both is moſt to be
deſired. Nowe I hope that hauing tried what it is to be vnder both, ye
wil with me reforme your iudgement, and by the harmes alreadie taken,
acknowledge your ouerſight, & forſake your former error. Againe
in EEBO page image 62 that a number of you haue raſhly preferred an
ex|ternal ſoueraintie before the cuſtomes and lawes of your own coũtry,
you do at this time (I doubt not) perfitly vnde [...]eſtande how much free pouertie is to be preferred before great
riches, wherevnto ſeruitude is annexed, & much wealth in reſpect
of captiuitie vnder forraine magiſtrates wherevpon ſlauerie attendeth.
For what thing (I beſech you) can there be ſo vile & grieuous
vnto the nature of man, that hath not happened vnto vs, ſithence the
time that the Romains haue bin
acquainted with this Iland? are we not all in maner bereued of our riches
and poſſeſſions? Doe not we (beſide other things that we giue, and the
land that we till for their onely profite) pay them all kindes of
tribute, yea for our owne carkaſſes? how much better is it to be once
aloft and fortunate in deed, than vnder the forged and falſe title of
libertie, continually [...] to pay for our redemption & freedome? how much is it more
cõmẽdable to loſe our liues in defence of our coũtry, than to cary about not ſomuch as our
heads toll free, but dayly oppreſſed & laden with inmumerable
exactions? But to what ende do I remẽber & ſpeake of theſe
things, ſince they wil not ſuffer by death to become free? For what and
how much we pay for thẽ that are dead, ther is not one here but he doth
well vnderſtande. Among other nations, ſuch as are brought into
ſeruitude, are al|wayes by death diſcharged of their bondage: onely to
the Romains, the dead doe ſtill liue, & all to en|creaſe
their commoditie and gain. If any of
vs be without mony (as I know not wel how & which way we ſhould
come by any) then are we left na|ked, and ſpoyled of that which remayneth
in our houſes, & we our ſelues left as mẽ deſolate &
dead. How ſhal we looke for better dealing at their hãds hereafter, that
in the beginning deale ſo vncurte|ouſly with vs: ſince there is no man
that taketh ſo much as a wilde beaſt, but at the firſt hee will cheriſh
it, and with ſome gentleneſſe win it to fa|miliaritie. But we our ſelues (to ſay the truth) are authors of
our own miſchief, which ſuffred thẽ at the firſt to ſet foot within our
Ilande, and did not by & by driue them backe as we did Ceſar, or
ſlue them with our ſwordes when they were yet farre of, & that
the aduenturing hither was dangerous, as we did ſomtime to Auguſtus
& Caligula. We therefore that inhabite the Ilande, which for the
quantitie thereof may w [...]ll be called a maine, al|though it be enuironed about with the
Oceã ſea, deuiding vs from other
nations, ſo that we ſeeme to liue vpon an other earth, and vnder a
ſeuerall heauen. We, euen we (I ſay) whoſe name hath bene long kept hid
from the wiſeſt of them, all are nowe contemned and trode vnder foote, of
them who ſtudie nothing elſe but how to become lords, and haue the rule
of other men. Wherefore (my welbeloued Citizens, friendes, and kinſfolke)
for I thinke we are all of kinne, ſince we were [...] and dwell in this Ile, and haue one name com|mon to vs all: let vs
now, euen now (I ſay) by|cauſe we haue not done it heretofore, and
while [...] the remembrance of our auncient libertie remay|neth, ſticke
togither, & performe that thing which doth apertaine to valiant
and hardie courages, to the ende we may enioy, not onely the name of
li|bertie, but alſo freedome it ſelfe, and thereby leaue our force and
puiſſant actes for an example to our poſteritie: for if we which haue bin
liberally and in honeſt maner brought vp, ſhould vtterly forget our
priſtinate felicitie: what may we hope for [...] thoſe that ſhall ſucceed vs, & are like to be brought vp
in miſerie and thraldome. Neither do I make rehearſall of theſe things
vnto you, to the ende I woulde prouoke you to miſlike of this preſent
e|ſtate of things (for well I knowe you abhorre it ſufficiently alreadie)
neither to put you in feare of thoſe things that are likely to fall
hereafter (by|cauſe you feare and foreſee them very well before hande)
but to the ende I maye giue you heartie thankes and worthie
commendations, for that of your owne accord and meanes, you determine ſo
well to prouide for things neceſſarie (thereby to help both me &
your ſelues with willing mindes) as men that are nothing in doubt of all
the Ro|maine puiſſaunce. If you conſider the number of your enimies, it
is not greater than yours: if you regarde their ſtrength, they are no
ſtronger than you: and all this doth eaſily appeare by the Baſ|ſinets,
Habergeans, and Greaues that you bee ar|med withall, and alſo by the
walles, ditches, and trenches that you haue made for your owne de|fence,
to keepe off their excurſions, who rather and for verie feare to fight
farre off them, to cope with vs at hande ſtrokes, as our cuſtome of the
warres and Martiall diſcipline doeth require. Wherefore we do ſo far
exceed them in force, that in mine opinion, our armie is more ſtrong than
ſtone walles, and one of our tergats worth al the armor that they do
beare vpon them: by meanes whereof, if the victorie be ours, we ſhal
ſoone make them captiues: or if we loſe the field, we ſhall ea|ſily
eſcape the daunger. Furthermore, if after the flight we ſhall indeuour to
meete any where, we haue the mariſhes here beneath to hide vs in, and the
hylles rounde aboute to keepe them off, ſo that by no meanes they ſhall
haue theyr purpoſe of vs, whereas they beeing ouercharged with hea|uie
armour, ſhall neither be able to follow, if wee flee, nor eſcape oute of
our daunger if they bee put to flight: if they happen to breake out at
anye tyme as deſirous to make a rode, they returne by and by to theyr
appoynted places, where we may take them as byrdes alreadie in Cage. In
all whiche things, as they are farre inferiour to vs, ſo moſte of all in
this, that they can not EEBO page image 63 endure hunger, thyrſt, colde,
heate, and Sun|ſhine, as we can doe. In their houſes alſo and tentes,
they make much accounte of theyr baked meates, wine, Oyle, and abrode of
the ſhadowe, that if any of theſe do fayle them, they eyther die
forthwith, or elſe in time they languiſh and con|ſume: Whereas to vs
euery hearbe and roote is meate, euery iuyce an Oyle, all water pleaſant
wine, and euery tree an houſe. Beſide this, there is no place of the
lande vnknowne to vs, neither yet
vnfriendly to ſuccour vs at neede, whereas to the Romaines they are for
the moſte part vn|knowne and altogither daungerous, if they ſhoulde
ſtande in neede: we can with eaſe ſwim ouer euery Riuer both naked and
clad, whiche they with their great ſhips are ſcarce able to per|forme.
Wherefore with hope and good lucke, let vs ſet vpon them couragiouſly,
and teach them to vnderſtande, that ſince they are no better than Hares
and Foxes, they attempt a wrong match,
when they endeuour to ſubdue the Greyhoundes and the Woolfes. With whiche
wordes the Queene letteth an Hare go out of hir lappe, as it were thereby
to giue Prognoſtication of hir ſuc|ceſſe, which comming well to paſſe,
all the com|panie ſhowted and cryed out vpon ſuche as not long before
had done ſuche violence to ſo noble a perſonage.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Then Bunduica calling
them togither a|gaine, proceeded forwarde with hir prayer, which ſhe made before them al, holding vp hir hands
af|ter this maner:
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 I giue thee thankes
Adraſte, and call vpon thee thou woman of women, which raigneſt
not ouer the burthen bearing Egiptians, as Nitocris, neither ouer
theyr Marchauntes, as doth Semi|ramis, for theſe trifles we haue
lerned lately of the Romaines: neyther ouer the people of Rome, as a little
heretofore Meſſalina then Agrippina, and now
Nero, who is called by the name of a man, but is in deede a very woman, as doth appeare by his
voyce, his harp, and his womans attire: but I call vpon thee as a Eoddeſſe
which gouerneſt the Brytains, that haue learned not to till the fielde, nor
to be handicraftes men, but to lead their liues in the warres after the beſt
maner: who alſo as they haue all other things, ſo haue they likewiſe their
wiues and children common, whereby the women haue the like audacitie with
the men, and no leſſe boldneſſe in the warres than they. There|fore
ſithence I haue obteyned a kingdom
among ſuch a mightie people, I beſeeche thee to graunt them victorie, [...], and libertie, agaynſt theſe contentious, wicked, and vnſatiable men
(if they may be called men, which vſe warme bathings, delicate fare, hote
Wines, ſweete oyles, ſoft beds, fine Muſicke, and ſo vnkindely [...] are altogither giuen to courtouſneſſe, and crueltie, as theyr doings
doe declare. Let not I beſeeche thee, the Neronian or Domitian tyrannie anye
more preuaile vpon me, or (to ſay truth) vppon thee, but let them rather
ſerue thee,This oration I haue borowed of W.
Hariſõ. whoſe heauie oppreſſion thou haſt borne withall a long
ſeaſon, and that thou wylte ſtyll be our helper onely, O noble Ladie, I
heartily beſeech thee.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Finally, when ſhe had
made an ende, forward ſhe ſetteth againſt hir enimies, which at that time
were deſtitute in deede of theyr Lieutenaunt Paulinus Suetonius, beeing as
then in Angle|ſey (as before ye haue heard.)
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The Romaines that were in
Camalodu|num ſente for ayde vnto Catus Decianus the Procurator, that is the
Emperours agene,
Cor. Tacit. Catus Decia|nus Procu|rator. trea|ſurer, or
receyuer, for in that Citie, although it were inhabited by Romaines, there
was no great gariſon of able men.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The Procurator therefore
ſent to them ſuch ayd as he thought he might wel ſpare, which was not paſt
two hundred men, and thoſe not ſuffi|cientlye furniſhed eyther wyth weapon
or ar|mour.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The Citie was not
compaſſed with any ram|pire or ditch for defence, ſuch as happely were
priuie to the cõſpiracie, hauing put into the heads of the Romains, that no
fortification needed: nei|ther were the aged men nor women ſent away,
whereby the yong able perſonages might with|out trouble of them the better
attende to the de|fence of the Citie: but euen as they had beene in all
ſuretie of peace, and free from ſuſpition of any warre, they were ſodainly
beſet with the huge ar|mie of the Brytaynes, and ſo all went to ſpoyle and
fyre that could be foũd without the encloſure of the temple, into the which
the Romaine ſoul|diers (ſtriken with ſoden feare by this ſoden com|ming of
the enimies) had thronged themſelues. Where being aſſieged by the Brytaynes
within the ſpace of two dayes the place was wonne, and they that were founde
within it, ſlaine euery mo|thers ſonne.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After this, the Brytaynes
encouraged with this victorie, went to meete with Petus Ceria|lis Lieutenant
of the legion, ſurnamed the ninth, and boldly encountering with the ſame
Legion, gaue the Romains the ouerthrow, and ſlue all the footemen, ſo that
Cerialis wyth muche adoe eſcaped with his Horſemen, and got him backe to the
Campe, and ſaued himſelfe within the Trenches. Catus the Procurator being
put in feare with this ouerthrow, and perceyuing what hatred the Brytains
bare towardes him, ha|uing with hys couetouſneſſe thus brought the warre
vpon the heade of the Romaines, got him ouer into Gallia.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But Suetonius aduertiſed
of theſe doings, came back out of Angleſey, & with a m [...]rueylous EEBO page image 64 conſtancie marched through the
middeſt of hys enimyes vnto London, beeing as then not great|ly peopled with
Romaines, though there was a Colonie of them, but full of Merchauntes, and
well prouided of vytayles: hee was in great doubt at his comming thyther,
whether hee myght beſt ſtaye there as in a place moſte con|uenient, or
rather ſeeke ſome other more eaſie to be defended.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 At length conſidering the
ſmall number of hys men of warre, and
remembring howe Ci|rialis had ſpedde by hys too much raſhneſſe, hee thought
better wyth the loſing of one Towne to ſaue the whole, than to put all in
daunger of irrecouerable loſſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 And therewith nothing
moued at the prayer and teares of them whiche beſought him of ayde and
ſuccour, hee departed, and thoſe that woulde goe with him he receyued into
his armie, thoſe that taryed behinde were oppreſſed by the enimyes: and the lyke deſtruction happened to them of
Verolanium, a Towne in thoſe dayes of great fame, ſituate neare to the place
where the towne of Saint Albons now ſtandeth.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The Brytanes leauing the
Caſtels and for|treſſes vnaſſaulted, followe theyr gaine in ſpoy|ling of
thoſe places which were eaſie to get, and where greate plentie of ryches was
to be founde, vſing their victorie with ſuche crueltie, that they ſlue (as
the report went) to the number of .lxx.
thouſande Romaines,10000 ſayth Dion. and ſuche as
tooke theyr parte in the ſayde places by the Brytaynes thus wonne and
conquered. For there was nothing wyth the Brytaynes, but ſlaughter, fire,
gal|lowes and ſuch like, ſo earneſtly were they ſet on reuenge.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 They ſpared neyther age
nor ſexe: women of great nobilitie and worthie fame, they tooke and hanged
vp naked, and cutting off theyr Pappes, ſowed them to theyr mouthes, that
they might ſeeme as if they ſucked and
fedde on them, and ſome of theyr bodies they ſtretched oute in length, and
thruſt them on ſharpe ſtakes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Al thoſe things they did
in great deſpite whi|leſt they ſacrifyced in theyr Temples, and made
feaſtes, namely in the Woodde conſecrated to the honour of Andates,
for ſo they called the Goddeſſe of victorie whom they worſhipped moſt
reuerently.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3 In the meane time there
came ouer to the ayde of Suetonius, the legion ſurnamed the .xiiij. and
other bandes of Souldiers and men of warre to the number of ten thouſand in
the whole, where|vpon chiefely (bycauſe vytayles began to fayle him) he
prepareth to giue battaile to his enimies, and chooſeth forth a plotte of
ground very ſtrong wythin ſtraytes, and backed with a Woodde, ſo that the
enimies coulde not aſſault his campe but on the front:The
Bry [...] were at [...] time, [...] me [...] (as [...] wryteth) yet by reaſon of their great multitude and hope of
victorie conceyued by their late proſ|perous ſucceſſe, the Brytaines vnder
the con|duct of Queene Voadicia aduenture to giue bat|taile, hauing theyr
women there to be witneſſes of the victorie, whom they placed in charets at
the vttermoſt ſide of theyr fielde. Voadicia, or Bon|dicia (for ſo we finde
hir written by ſome copies,Cor. Ta [...]
[...] Dion Caſ [...]
and Bonduica alſo by Dion) hauing hir daugh|ters afore hir, beeing
mounted into a Charet, as ſhe paſſed by the ſouldiers of eche ſundrie
country, told them that it was a thing accuſtomed among the Brytaynes to goe
to the warres vnder the leading of women, but ſhee was not nowe come forth
as one borne of ſuche noble aunce|ſters as ſhee was diſcended from, to fight
for h [...]r kingdome & riches, but as one of the meaner ſort, rather to
defend hir loſt libertie, and to reuenge hir ſelfe of the enimies, for their
crueltie ſhewed in ſcourging hir like a vagabond, & ſhameful
deflou|ring of hir daughters: for the licencious luſt of the Romans was ſo
farre ſpred & increaſed, that they ſpared neither the bodies of old
nor yõg, but were redy moſt ſhamefully to abuſe thẽ, hauing whip|ped hir
naked being an aged woman, & forced hir daughters to ſatiſfie their
filthie cõcupiſcence: but (ſaith ſhe) the Gods are at hand ready to take
iuſt reuenge. The legion that preſumed to encounter with vs is ſlaine
& beaten down. The reſidue kepe them cloſe within their holds, or
elſe ſeeke wayes how to [...]lie out of the countrey: they ſhall not bee once able ſo much as to
abide the noiſe & clamor of ſo many thouſands as we are here
aſſembled, much leſſe the force of our great puiſſãce & dread|full
hands. If ye therefore (ſayd ſhe) would w [...]gh and conſider with your ſelues your huge nũbers of men of warre,
& the cauſes why ye haue moued this warre, ye woulde ſurely
determine either in this battel to die with honor, or elſe to vãquiſh the
enimie by plaine force, for ſo (quoth ſhe) I being a woman am fully
reſolued, as for you men ye may (if ye liſt) liue and be brought into
bondage.
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1
2 Neither did Suetonius
ceaſe to exhort his peo|ple: for although he truſted in their manhood, yet
as he had deuided his army into three battails, ſo did he make vnto ech of
thẽ a ſeueral oration, wil|ling thẽ not to feare the ſhrill &
vaine menating threats of the Britains, that ther was among thẽ more womẽ
thã mẽ, they hauing no ſkill in war|like diſcipline, & hereto
being naked withoute fur|niture of armor, would forthwith giue place whẽ
they ſhould feele the ſharp points of the Romains weapõs, & the
force of thẽ by whõ they had ſo oftẽ bin put to flight. In many legions
(ſayth he) the nũber is ſmall of thẽ that win the battell. Theyr glorie
therfore ſhuld be the more, for that they be|ing a ſmall nũber ſhould win
the fame due to the whole army, if they wold (thronging togither) be|ſtow
EEBO page image 65 their weapons freely, and with their ſworde and targets
preaſſe forwarde vpon their enimies, continuing the ſlaughter without
regarde to the ſpoyle, they might aſſure themſelues when the victorie was
once atchieued to haue all at theyr pleaſures. Such forwardneſſe in the
ſouldiers fol|lowed vpon this exhortation of the Generall, that euery one
prepared himſelfe ſo redily to do his du|tie, and that with ſuch a ſhew of
ſkill and experi|ence, that Suetonius hauing conceyued an aſſu|red
hope of good lucke to follow, cauſed
the trum|pets to ſounde to the battaile.
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1 The onſet was giuen in
the ſtraytes, greatly to the aduantage of the Romaines, being but an
handfull in compariſon to their enimies.
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1 The fight in the
beginning was verie ſharpe and cruell but in the ende the Brytaynes being a
let one to another (by reaſon of the narrowneſſe of the place) were not able
to ſuſtain the violẽt force of the Romaines theyr enimies, ſo that they
were conſtrayned to giue backe, and ſo being diſor|dred, were put to flight,
and vtterly diſcomfited.
[figure appears here on page 65]
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1 There were ſlaine of the
Brytaynes that day fewe leſſe than .lxxx.
thouſande,
[...]0000. Bry| [...]ains ſlaine. as Tacitus wri|teth: For the ſtraytes beeing
ſtopped with the Charets, ſtayed the flight of the Brytaynes, ſo as they
could not eaſily eſcape: and the Romains were ſo ſet on reuenge, that they
ſpared neyther man nor woman, ſo that many were ſlain in the battaile, many
amongeſt the Charettes, and a great number at the woodde ſide, which way
they made theyr flight, and many were taken pry|ſoners.
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1 Thoſe that eſcaped, would
haue foughten a newe battail, but in the meane time Voadicia, or Bonuica
deceaſſed of a natural infirmitie, as Di|on Caſſius wryteth, but other ſay,
that ſhee poy|ſoned hirſelfe, and ſo dyed, bycauſe ſhe would not come into
the handes of hir enimies.
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1 There dyed of the
Romaines part in this moſt notable battaile foure. E. and about the like
num|ber were hurt and wounded.
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1 Penius Poſthumus maiſter
of the campe of the ſeconde legion,
vnderſtanding the proſperous ſucceſſe of the other Romaine Captains, bycauſe
he had defrauded his legion of the like glorie, and had refuſed to obey the
commaundements of the Generall,Penius Poſt|humus ſleaeth
himſelfe. cõtrarie to the vſe of warre, ſlue himſelf.
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1 After this, all the
Romain armie was brought into the field to make an ende of the reſidue of
the warre. And the Emperor cauſed a ſupplie to be ſent out of Germanie of
two. M. of legionarie ſouldiers, and .viij. bands of aydes, with. M.
horſ|men, by whoſe comming the bandes of the ninth legion were ſupplied with
legionarie ſoldiers, and thoſe bands and wings of horſemen were appoin|ted
to places where they might winter, and ſuche people of the Brytaynes as were
either enimies, or elſe ſtoode in doubt whether to bee friendes or enimies
in deede, were perſecuted with fire and ſworde.
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1 But nothing more
afflicted them than fa [...], for whileſt euerie man gaue himſelf to the warre, and purpoſed to
haue liued vpon the prouiſion of the Romains and other their enimies, they
appli|ed not themſelues to tyllage, nor to any huſban|ding of the groũd,
and long it was ere they (being a fierce kinde of people) fell to embrace
pea [...],Iulius Claſsi|cianus Pro|curator. by reaſon
that Iulius Claſſicianus, who was ſent into Britain as ſucceſſor to Caius,
[...]elt [...] at ſquare with Suetonius, and by his priuate grudge hyn|dred the
proſperous ſucceſſe of publike affayres, he ſticked not to write vnto Rome,
that except an other were ſent to ſucceede in the rowmeth that Suetonius
bare, there woulde be no ende of the warres. Herevpõ one p [...]licletus, which ſomtime had bene a bond man, was ſent into Britain, as
a commiſſioner, to ſuruey the ſtate of the countrey, and to make the legate
and procurator friends, & alſo to pacifie all troubles within the
Ile.
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1
2
EEBO page image 66The port which Policletus bare was great, he was furniſhed
with no ſmall trayne that at|tented vpon him, ſo that his preſence ſeemed
very dreadful to the Romains. But the Britains that were not yet pacified,
thought great ſcorne, to ſee ſuche honourable captaines and men of warre as
the Romaines were, to ſubmit themſelues to the order of ſuch a one as had
beene a bone ſlaue. In the end in place of Suetonius,Petronius Turpilianus lieutenant. was Petroni|us Turpilianus
(which had lately bene Conſull) appoynted
to haue the gouernance of the army in Brytain, the which neither troubling
the enimie, nor beeing of the enimie in any wiſe troubled or prouoked, did
color ſlouthfull reſt with the honeſt name of peace and quietneſſe,
& ſo ſate ſtill with|out exployting any notable enterpriſe.
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1
[figure appears here on page 66]
Trebellius Maximus lieutenant.AFter Turpilianus,
Trebellius Max|imus was made Lieu|tenaunt of Brytayne, who likewyſe wyth courteous demeanour, ſoughte to keepe
the Brytaynes in reſt, ra|ther than by force to compell thẽ. And nowe
beganne the people of the Ile to beare with pleaſaunt faultes and
flat|tering vices, ſo that the ciuill warres that chaun|ced in thoſe dayes
after the death of the Emperor Nero at
home, might eaſily excuſe the ſlouthful|neſſe of the Romaine
Lieutenants.
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1 Moreuer there roſe
diſſention amongeſt theyr men of warre, which being vſed to lye abroade in
the fielde, coulde not agree with the ydle lyfe, ſo that Trebellius Maximus
was glad to hide him ſelfe from the ſight of the Souldiers being in an
vprore agaynſte him, tyll at length humbling himſelf vnto them further than
became his eſtate, he gouerned by way of intreatie, or rather at their
courteſie. And ſo was the cõmotion
ſtayed with|out bloudſhed, ye armie as it were, hauing by co|uenant
obteyned to liue licenciouſly, and the cap|tayne ſuretie to liue without
daunger to be mur|thered.
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1
[figure appears here on page 66]
Vectius Vola|nus lieutenãt.NEither Vectius
Volanus that ſucceded Maximus whyleſt the time of the ciuill warres
as yet endured, dyd trouble the
Bry|taynes, vſing the ſame ſlackneſſe and ſlouth that the o|ther Lieutenants
had vſed before him, and permytted the like licence to the preſumptuous
Souldiers: but yet was Volanus innocent as touching himſelfe, and not hated
for any notable cryme or vice: ſo that hee purchaſed fauoure, althoughe
aucthoritie wanted.
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1 But after that the
Emperour Veſpaſianus had ſubdued his aduerſaries, and atteyned the Imperiall
gouernment, as well ouer Brytaine as ouer other partes of the worlde,Cor. [...]
there were ſent hither right noble Captaynes, with diuerſe notable
bandes of Souldiers, and Petilius Ce|rialis being appoynted Lieutenant, put
the Bri|taynes in greate feare by inuading the Bry|gantes the mightyeſt
Nation of all the whoſe Ilande: and fighting many battayles, and ſome right
bloudy with thoſe people, he ſubdued a great part of the countrey at the
laſt.
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1
[figure appears here on page 66] AFter hym ſucceded as Lieutenant of
Brytaine,Iulius Fr [...]+nus li [...]
one Iulius Fron|tinus, who vã|quyſhed and brought to the Romaine
ſub|iection by force of armes the people called Silures, ſtryuing
not onely agaynſt the valiant reſiſtaunce of the men, but alſo wyth the
hardneſſe and comberſome troubles of the places.
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1 Thus may you perceyue in
what ſtate this Ile ſtoode in the time that Aruiragus raigned in the ſame,
as is ſuppoſed by the Hyſtoryes of the olde Brytaynes, ſo that it may be
thought that he gouerned rather a part of this lande, than the whole, and
bare the name of a king, the Romains not hauing ſo reduced the country into
the forme of a prouince, but that the Brytaynes bare rule in dyuerſe partes
thereof, and that by the per|miſſion of the Romaines, whiche neuerthe|leſſe
had theyr Lieutenauntes and Procura|tours here, that bare the greateſt rule
vnder the aforeſayde Emperours.
