5.49. Marius, otherwiſe Meurig, or Maue.
Marius, otherwiſe Meurig, or Maue.
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1
[figure appears here on page 66] AFter ye de|ceaſe of Ar+uiragus,Mari|us. hys ſonne Marius ſucceeded him in the
eſtate,Hector [...] ſaith th [...] this Marius was a Ro [...]
and began his raigne in the yeare of oure Lorde .73.73 In the olde Eng|liſhe EEBO page image 67
Chronicle, he is fondly called Weſtme [...], and was an excellent wiſe man, gouerning the Bry|tains in great
proſperitie, honor and wealth.
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1 In the time of this mans
raigne, the people called Picts inuaded this lande. They are iudged to be
deſcended of the Nation of the Scithians, neare kinſmen to the Gothes, both
by Countrey and maners, a cruell kind of men and much giuen to the
warres.
They are thought to haue
taken theyr name, bycauſe they vſed to
paint their ſelues with a cer|tain blewiſh colour, or for that they were
marked with printes in theyr viſages, ſo that the more honourable he was
amongſt them, the de [...]pelyer was he marked, & the more baſe he was, the leſſe his
marks appeared. Some thinke that theſe were the ſame that were called
Agathirſies, and named Picts bicauſe they painted their faces &
limmes ſo that by no menes ye painting could be waſhed off: but howſoeuer
they came by ye name,
[...]bian. [...]l. Mon. [...]at. VVeſt. it is euident
inough that they were of the Scithian nation.
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1 This people therfore with
their leader Rode|rike, or as ſome name him Londorike, entring the Ocean ſea
after the maner of [...]ouers, arriued on ye coaſts of Ireland, where they required of ye
Scots new ſeates to inhabite in, for the Scots whe [...] (as ſome think) were alſo diſc [...]ded of ye Scithians, did as thẽ inhabit in Ireland: but doubting yt
it ſhuld not be for their profit to [...] ſo warlike a nation into that Ile, feyning as it were a friendſhip,
and excuſing the matter, by ye [...]wneſſe of the coũ|try, declared vnto the Picts, that the Ile of
Bry|tain was not farre frõ thence, being a large coun|try & a
plentiful, and not greaaly inhabited wher|fore they counſelled them to go
thither, promiſing vnto them all the ayde that might be.
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1 The Picts more deſirous
of ſpoyle than of rule or gouernmẽt, without delay [...]tſed to the ſea, and ſailed towards Britain, where being [...], they firſt inuaded the north p [...]s thereof, [...] finding there but few inhabiters, they begin to was [...] and forray the country, [...] Marius was aduertiſed, with al ſpeed he aſſembled his people,
& made towards his enimies, & giuing to thẽ [...],Roderike king of Pictes ſlaine. obteyned
the victorie, ſo that Roderike was ſh [...] ſlain in the field, & his people vanquiſhed.
[figure appears here on page 67]
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1 Vnto thoſe that eſcaped
with life, Marius graunted licence that they might inhabite in the north
part of Scotlande called Catneſſe, beeing as then a Countrey in maner
deſolate wythoute habitation: wherevpon they wythdrewe thither, and ſetled
themſelues in thoſe partyes. And by|cauſe the Brytaynes diſdeyned to graunt
vnto them theyr daughters in maryage, they ſent vn|to the Scots into
Irelande, requyring to haue wiues of theyr nation.
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1 The Scottes agreed to
their requeſt, with this condition, that where there wanted lawfull iſſue of
the kings lynage to ſucceede in the Kingdome of the Pictes, then ſhoulde
they name one of the womans ſyde to bee theyr king: whiche or|dinaunce was
receyued and obſerued euer after amongeſt the Pictes ſo long as their
kingdome endured.
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1 And thus the Pictes next
after the Romains, were the firſt of any ſtraungers that came into this
lande to inhabite as moſt wryters affyrme, although the Scottiſhe Chronicles
auouche the Picts to be inhabiters here before the incarnation of our
ſauiour. But the victorie which Marius obteyned agaynſt their king
Roderike,Polidor. Math. VVeſt. chaunced in the
yeare after the incarnation .87.
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1 In remembraunce of which
victorie, Marius cauſed a ſtone to bee erected in the ſame place where the
battayle was fought, in whiche ſtone was grauen theſe woordes, Marq
Victoria. The Engliſhe Chronicle ſayeth that this ſtone was ſette
vppe on Staneſmoore, and that EEBO page image 68 the whole Countrey
thereaboute taking name of this Marius, as Weſtmaria, nowe cleped
Weſtmerlande.
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1 King Marius hauing thus
ſubdued his eni|mies, and eſcaped the daunger of their dreadfull inuaſion,
he gaue his minde to the good gouern|ment of his people, and the
aduauncement of the common wealth of the realme, continuing the re|ſidue of
his life in great tranquillitie, and finally departed this life, after he
had raigned (after moſt writers) lij or
.liij. yeares.Mat. VVeſt. Howbeit there be that
wryte, that hee dyed in the yeare of our Lorde 78. and ſo raigned not paſt
fiue or ſixe yeares at the moſt.
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1 He was buryed at
Cairleil, leauing a ſonne behinde him called Coyll.
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1 Thus finde we in the
Brytiſhe and Engliſh Hyſtories touching this Marius.
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1 Humfrey Llhuyd ſeemeth to
take this mã and his father Aruiragus to be all one perſon, whether
mooued therto by ſome Catologe of kings
which he ſawe, or otherwiſe. I cannot affyrme: but ſpeaking of the time when
the Pictes and Scots ſhould firſt come to ſettle themſelues in this land, he
hath theſe words. Neither was there any wri|ters of name, that made mention
either of Scots or Picts before Veſpaſianus time, about the yere of the
incarnation .72. At what time Meurig or Maw, or Aruiragus raigned in
Brytaine. In which time our annales do report, that a certaine kind of people liuing by piracie and rouing on the
ſea, came forth of Sueden, or Norway, vnder the guiding of one Rhythercus,
who landed in Alba|nia waſting all the Countrey with robbing and ſpoyling
ſo farre as Cairleil, where he was van|quiſhed in battaile, and ſlaine by
Murigus, with a great part of his people. The reſidue that eſca|ped by
flight, fledde to their ſhippes, and ſo con|ueyed themſelues into the Iles
of Orkney, and Scotlande, where they quietly abode a greate while after.
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1 Thus farre haue I thought
good to ſhew forth of the foreſayde Llhuyds booke, for that it ſeemeth to
carie a great likelihoode of truth with it, for the hyſtorie of the Picts,
which vndoubtedly I think were not as yet inhabiting in Brytaine, but
ra|ther firſt placing themſelues in the Iles of Ork|ney made inuaſion into
the maine Ile of Britain afterwards, as occaſion ſeemed to be offred. In the
Brytiſh tong they are called Phightiaid, that is Phightians, and ſo
likewiſe were they called in the Scottiſh,
and in their owne tongue.
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1 But nowe to ſhewe what
chaunced in thys Ile, during the time of ye ſayd Marius his ſuppo|ſed
raigne, as is found in the Romain Hyſtories.
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1
Iulius Agri|cola lieutenãt.AFter Iulius
Frontinus, the Emperor Veſ|paſian ſent Iulius Agricola to ſucceed in the
gouernment of Brytain, who comming ouer a|bout the middeſt of Sommer,
Cor. [...] vit. The [...] of Ag [...] his g [...]|men. founde the men of warre through want of a lieutenant
negligent y|nough, as thoſe yt looking for no trouble, thought themſelues
out of all daunger, where the enimies neuertheleſſe watched vpon the next
occaſion to worke ſome diſpleaſure, and were readie on eche hand to moue
rebelliõ. For the people called Or|douices, that inhabited in the countrey
of Cheſ|ſhire, Lancaſhire, & part of Shropſhire, had lately before
ouerthrowne & in maner vtterly deſtroyed a wing of ſuch horſmen as
ſoiourned in their par|ties, by reaſon wherof al ye prouince was brought
almoſt into an aſſured hope to recouer libertie.
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1 Agricola vpon his comming
ouer, though ſom|mer was nowe halfe paſt, and that the ſouldiers lodging
here & there abrode in the countrey, were more diſpoſed to take
reſt, than to ſet forward in|to the field againſt the enimies, determined
yet to reſiſt the preſent danger: and therwith aſſembling the men of warre
of the Romains, and ſuch other aydes as he might make, he inuadeth their
cuntry that had done this foreſaid diſpleaſure, and ſlue downe the moſt part
of all the inhabitants therof. And not thus contented, (for that he thought
good to follow the ſteps of fauorable fortune, & know|ing that as
the beginning proued, ſo woulde the whole ſequele of his affayres by
likelyhoode come to paſſe) he purpoſed to make a ful conqueſt of the Ile of
Angleſey,The Ile of Angleſey. from the conqueſt
whereof the Romain Lieutenant Paulinus was called backe by the Rebellion of
other of the Brytayns, as be|fore ye haue heard.
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1 But whereas he wanted
ſhips for the furni|ſhing of his enterpriſe, his wit and policie founde a
ſhift to ſupplie that defect: for chooſing forth a pyked number of ſuch
Brytaines as he had there with him in ayde, which knewe the fourds &
ſhal|low places of the ſtreames there, and withall were very ſkilfull in
ſwimming (as the maner of the Countrey then was) he appoynted them to paſſe
ouer on the ſodaine into the Ile, onelye with theyr Horſes, armour, and
weapon: whiche en|terpriſe they ſo ſpeedily, and with ſo good ſuc|ceſſe
atchieued, that the Inhabitantes much a|maſed with that doing (which looked
for a nauie of ſhippes to haue tranſported ouer theyr eni|mies by Sea, and
therefore watched on the coaſt) beganne to thinke that nothing was able to
bee defended agaynſt ſuche kynde of warriours that gotte ouer into the Ile
after ſuche a ſorte and maner.
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1 And therefore making ſute
for peace,Angleſey [...]|ded to Ag [...]|cola. they deliuered the Ile into the handes of Agricola,
whoſe fame by theſe victoryes daylye muche encreaſed, as of one that tooke
pleaſure in tra|uayle, and attempting to atchieue daungerous enterpryſes, in
ſteade whereof hys predeceſſours had delighted to ſhewe the maieſties of
theyr EEBO page image 69 office by vaine bragges, ſtately portes, and
am|bitious pomps. For Agricola turned not the pro|ſperous ſucceſſe of his
proceedings into vanitie, but rather with neglecting his fame, encreaſed it
to the vttermoſte, amongeſt them that iudged what hope was to be looked for
of things by him to be atchieued, which with ſilence kept ſecret theſe his
ſo worthie doings.
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1 Moreouer, perceyuing the
nature of the peo|ple in this Ile of Brytain, and ſufficiently taught
by other mens example, that armour
ſhould little auaile, where iniuries followed to the diſquieting of the
people,
[...]cola his [...] gouern| [...]t. hee thought beſt to take away and remoue all occaſions of
warre. And firſt begin|ning with himſelfe and his ſouldiers, tooke order for
a reformation to be had in his owne houſhold, yeelding nothing to fauour,
but altogither in re|ſpect of vertue, accounting them moſt faythfull, which
therein moſt excelled, he ſought to knowe all things, but not to doe
otherwiſe than reaſon mooued, pardoning
ſmall faultes, and ſharpely puniſhing great and heynous offences, neyther
yet deliting always in puniſhment, but oftẽtimes rather in repentance of
the offender. Exactions and tributes he leſſened, qualefying the ſame by
reaſonable equitie. And thus in reforming the ſtate of things, he wanne him
great praiſe in time of peace, the whiche eyther by negligence or
ſuf|feraunce of the former Lieutenauntes, was e|uer feared, and accounted
worſe than open warre.
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1
2 This was his practiſe in
the winter time of his firſt yeare, but when Sommer was come, he aſſembled
his armie,
[...] diligence. and leading forth the ſame, trayned his
ſouldiers in all honeſt warlike diſci|pline, commending the good, and
reforming the bad and vnruly.
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1 He himſelfe to giue
enſample, tooke vpon him all daungers that came to hande, and ſuffred not
the enimies to liue in reſt, but waſted their coun|treys with ſodaine inuaſions. And when he had ſufficiently
chaſtiſed them, and put them in feare by ſuche maner of dealing, hee ſpareth
them that they might againe conceyue ſome hope of peace. By which meanes
many countreys which vnto thoſe dayes had kept themſelues out of bondage,
layde rancour aſide, and deliuered pledges, and further were contented to
ſuffer Caſtelles to be buylded within them, and to be kept with gari|ſons,
ſo that no part of Brytayne was free from
the Romain power, but ſtoode ſtyll in daunger to be brought vnder more and
more.
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1
The ſeconde yeare of Agri|cola his go|uernment.In
the winter following, Agricola tooke pay|nes to reduce the Brytains from
their rude ma|ners and cuſtomes, vnto a more ciuill ſorte and trade of
liuing, that chaunging their naturall fierceneſſe and apte diſpoſition to
warre, they myght through taſting pleaſures, be ſo enured therewith, that
they ſhoulde deſire to liue in reſt and quietneſſe:The
worthie practiſes of Agricola to traine the Bri|taynes to
ci|uilitie. and therefore hee exhorted them priuily, and holpe
them publikely to buyld tem|ples, common halles where plees of law might be
kept, and other houſes, commending them that were diligent in ſuch doings,
and blaming them that were negligent, ſo that of neceſſitie they were dryuen
to ſtriue who ſhoulde preuent eche other in ciuilitie. He alſo procured that
Noble mens ſonnes ſhoulde learne the liberall ſciences, and prayſed the
nature of the Brytaynes, more than the people of Gallia, bycauſe they
ſtudyed to attayne to the knowledge of the Romaine elo|quence. By whiche
meanes the Brytaynes in ſhort tyme were brought to the vſe of good and
commendable maners, and ſorted themſelues to go in comely apparell after the
Romain faſhion, and by little and little they fell to accuſtom them|ſelues
to fine fare, and dilicate pleaſures, the ready prouokers of vices, as to
walke in Galleries, to waſh themſelues in bathes, to vſe banketting and ſuch
like, which amongſt the vnſkilfull was cal|led humanity or curteſie, but in
very deed it might be accounted a part of thraldome and ſeruitude, namely
being to exceſſiuely vſed.
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1 In the thirde yeare of
Agricola his gouern|ment in Brytaine,The thirde
yeare. he inuaded the north partes therof (vnknowne til thoſe days
of the Romains) being the ſame where the Scots now inhabit: for he waſted
the countrey vnto the water of Tay,The water of
Tay. in ſuch wyſe putting the Inhabitauntes in feare, that they
durſt not once ſette vpon his armie, thoughe it were ſo that the ſame was
very ſore diſquyeted and vexed by tempeſt and rage of weather.
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1 Wherevpon finding no
greate let or hynde|rance by the enimyes, he buylded certain Caſtels and
Fortreſſes, which he placed in ſuche conue|nient ſteades that they greatly
annoyed his ad|uerſaries, and were ſo able to be defended, that ther was
none of thoſe Caſtels which he builded, either wonne by force out of the
Romains hands, or giuen ouer by compoſition, for feare to be ta|ken: ſo that
the ſame being furniſhed with compe|tent numbers of men of warre, were
ſafely kept from the enimies, the whiche were dayly vexed by the often
iſſues made forth by the Souldiers that lay thus in gariſon within them: ſo
that where in tymes paſt the ſayde enimies woulde recouer theyr loſſes
ſuſteyned in Sommer by the Winters aduauntage, nowe they were put to the
worſe, and kept backe as well in the Winter as in the Sommer.
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1 In the fourth
Sommer,The fourth yeare of Agri|cola his
go|uernment. after that Agricola was appoynted to the rule of this
lande, he went about to bring vnder ſubiection thoſe people, the which
before tyme her had by incurſions and forreyes ſore vexed and diſquieted:
and there|vpon EEBO page image 70 vpon comming to the waters of Clide
& Lough|leuen,Clota. Bodotria. he buylt
certaine fortreſſes to defende the paſſages and entryes there, dryuing the
enimies beyond the ſame waters, as it had bin into a new Ilande.
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1 In the fifth Sommer,The fift yeare. Agricola cauſing hys ſhippes to be
brought about, and appoynting thẽ to arriue on the north coaſts of
Scotland, he paſ|ſed with his army ouer the riuer of Clide, and ſubdued
ſuche people as inhabited thoſe further
partes of Scotland, which till thoſe daies had not bene diſcouered by the
Romains.
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1 And bycauſe he thought it
ſhould ſerue wel to purpoſe, for ſome conqueſt to be made of Ireland, if
that part of Scotlande which bordereth on the Iriſhe Seas might be kept in
due obedience, hee placed gariſons of Souldiers in thoſe parties, in hope
verily vpon occaſion to paſſe ouer into Ire|lande, and for the more eaſie
aduauncement of his purpoſe therein,An Iriſh king
expulſed out of his country. hee enterteyned wyth ho|nourable
prouiſion one of the kings of Irelande,
which by ciuill diſcorde was expulſed and driuen out of his countrey.
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1 In deede Agricola
perceyued, that with one Legion of Souldiers, and a ſmall ayde of other men
of warre, it ſhoulde bee an eaſie matter to conquere Irelande, and to bring
it vnder the Dominion of the Romaines: which enterpriſe he iudged verye
neceſſarie to be exployted, for bet|ter keeping of the Brytaynes in
obedience, if they ſhoulde ſee the
iuriſdiction of the Ro|maines euery where extended, and the libertie of
theyr neighbours ſuppreſſed and turned to ſub|iection.
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1
The ſixt yeare of Agricola his gouern|ment.In the
ſixth Sommer of Agricola hys go|uernment, he proceeded in ſubduing the
further|moſte partes of Scotlande Northwardes, cau|ſing his Nauie to keepe
courſe aneynſt hym by the coaſt as hee marched forth by lande, ſo that the
Brytaynes perceyuing howe the ſecrete Ha|uens and Creekes of theyr Countreyes were nowe diſcouered, and
that all hope of refuge was in maner cutte off from them, were in a
maruey|lous feare.
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1 On the other part the
Romaines were ſore troubled with the rough Mountaynes, and crag|gie Rockes,
by the whiche they were conſtray|ned to paſſe beſide the daungerous ryuers,
lakes, wooddes, ſtraytes, and other comberſome wayes and paſſages.
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1 The danger alſo of them
that were in the ſhips by ſea, was not ſmall by reaſon of winds &
tem|peſts, and high ſpring tides, which toſſed & tur|moyled their
veſſels right cruelly: but by the pain|full diligence of them that had bene
brought vp & enured with continuall trauaile and hardneſſe, all
thoſe diſcõmodities were ouercome to their great reioyſing, when they met
and fell in talke of theyr paſſed perils, for oftentimes the armie by land
en|camped ſo by the ſhore, that thoſe which kept the ſea came a lande to
make merie in the campe, and then eche one woulde recounte to others the
ad|uentures that had happened, as the maner is in ſemblable caſes.
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1 The Brytains that
inhabited in thoſe dayes about the partes of Calender wood,Calend [...] wood. perceyuing in what danger they were to be vtterly
ſubdued, aſ|ſembled themſelues togither in purpoſe, to trie the fortune of
battell: whereof Agricola being aduer|tiſed, marched forth with his armie
deuyded in three battailes, ſo that the enimyes doubting to trie the matter
in open fielde, eſpye theyr time in the night, and with all theyr whole
puiſſaunce ſet vpon one of the Romaine Legions, whiche they knewe to be moſt
feeble and weake, truſting by a camiſado to diſtreſſe the ſame: and firſt
ſlea|ing the watche, they enter the campe, where the ſayd legion lay, and
finding the ſouldiers in great diſorder, betwixt ſleepe and feare, begin the
fight euen within the campe.
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1 Agricola had knowledge of
their purpoſed in|tent, and therfore with all ſpeede haſted forth to come to
the ſuccours of his people, ſending firſt his light Horſemen, and certaine
light armed footemen to aſſayle the enimies on theyr backes, and ſhortly
after approcheth with his whole puiſ|ſance, ſo that the Romaine ſtandards
beginning to appeare in ſight by the light of the daye, that then beganne to
ſpring, the Brytaynes were ſore diſcouraged, and the Romaines renuing theyr
force, fiercely preaſſed vpon them, ſo that euen in the entrye of the campe,
there was a ſore conflicte, tyll at length the Brytaynes were putte to
flight, and chaſed, ſo that if
[figure appears here on page 70]
EEBO page image 71 the mariſhes and warddes had not ſaued them frõ the
purſute of the Romains there had bin an end made of the whole warres euen
by that one dayes worke. But the Brytaynes eſcaping as well as they might,
& reputing the victorie to haue chan|ced not by the valiancie of the
Romain ſouldiers, but by occaſion, & the prudent policie of their
cap|taine, were nothing abaſhed with yt their preſent loſſe, but prepared
to put their youth againe into armour: and therevpon they remoued their
wiues and children into ſafe places, and
then aſſembling the chiefeſt gouernors togither, cõcluded a league amongſt
themſelues, eche to ayde other, confyr|ming theyr articles with doing of
ſacrifice (as the maner in thoſe dayes was.)
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1
[...] ſeuenth [...]re.The ſame ſommer, a bande of ſuch Dutch or Germaine
ſouldiers as had bene leuyed in Ger|manie and ſent ouer into Brytayn to the
ayde of the Romains, attempted a great and wonderfull act in ſleaing their
captaine and ſuch other of the Romain
ſouldiers which were appointed to haue the trayning and leading of them, as
officers and inſtructors to them in the feates of warre: & when they
had committed that murther, they got into three Pineſſes, and became rouers
on the coaſtes of Britaine, and encountring with diuerſe of the Brytains,
that were readie to defend theyr coun|trey from ſpoyle, oftentymes they got
the vpper hand of them, and now and then they were chaſed away, inſomuch yt
in the ende they were brought to ſuch
extremitie for want of vitailes, that they did eate ſuch amongſt them as
were the weakeſt, and after, ſuch as the lot touched, beeing indiffe|rently
caſt amongſt them: and ſo being caried a|bout the coaſtes of Brytain, and
loſing theyr veſ|ſels through want of ſkill to gouerne them, they were
reputed for robbers, and therevpon were ap|prehended firſt by the Suabeners,
and ſhortly af|ter by the Friſers, the which ſolde diuerſe of them to the
Romains and other, whereby the true vn|derſtanding of their aduentures came certainely to light.
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1 In the ſommer next
following,The eight yeare of Agri|cola his
go|uernment. Agricola with his armie came to the Mountaine of
Granze [...]en, where he vnderſtoode that his enimies were en|camped, to the
number of .xxx. thouſand & aboue, and dayly there came to them more
companie of the Brytiſh youth, and ſuch aged perſons alſo as were luſtie and
in ſtrength, able to welde weapon and beare armour.
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1 Amongſt the captains ye
chiefeſt was one Gal|gacus, who the Scottiſh chronicles name Gald.Calgagus whõ the Scots name Gald and will needes haue him a
Scottiſh man.
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1 This man as chieftaine
and head captaine of all the Brytaynes there aſſembled, made to them a
pithie oration to encourage them to fight man|fully, and likewiſe did
Agricola to his people: which being ended, the armies on both ſides were put
in order of battaile.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Agricola placed .viij.
thouſande footemen of ſtrangers which he had there in ayde with him in the
midſt, appoynting three. M. horſmen to ſtand on the ſides of thẽ as wings.
The Romain legi|ons ſtood at their backs in ſtead of a Bulwarke.
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1 The Brytains were
embattayled in ſuch or|der that theirfore ward ſtood in the plaine groũd,
and the other on the ſide of an hill, as though they had riſen on heigth one
ranke aboue another.
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1 The middeſt of the fielde
was couered wyth their charets and horſemen.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Agricola doubting by ye
huge multitude of eni|mies leaſt his people ſhoulde be aſſailed not one|ly
afront,Cor. Tacitius but alſo vpon euery ſide
the battails, be+cauſed the rankes ſo to place themſelues, as theyr battails
might ſtretch farre further in bredth than otherwiſe the order of warre
requyred: but he t [...]k [...] this to be a good remedie againſt ſuch inconueni|ence as might haue
followed, if the enimie by the narrowneſſe of the fronts of his battailes
ſhould haue hemmed them in on eche ſide.
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1 This done, and hauing
conceyned good hope of victory, be alighted on foot, & putting his
horſe frõ him, he ſtood before the ſtãdarts as one not caring for any
danger yt might happen. At the firſt they beſtowed their ſhot, &
dartes freely on both ſides.
[figure appears here on page 71]
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1
EEBO page image 72The Britains aſwel with cõſtant manhood, as ſkilful
practiſe, with brode ſwords & little rounde bucklers, auoided
& beat frõ them the arrowes and darts that came from their enimies,
& therwithall payd thẽ home againe with their ſhot &
dartes, ſo that the Romains were nere hand oppreſſed ther|with,Betaui. bycauſe they came ſo thick in their faces,
till at length Agricola cauſed three cohorts of Holã|ders, & two of
Lukeners to preaſſe forwarde, and ioyne with them at hand ſtrokes,Congri. ſo as the matter might come to be tried with the edge of the ſword which
thing as to them (being enured with yt kind of fight, ſtood greatly with
their aduantage, ſo to the Brytaynes it was verie daungerous, that were to
defende themſelues with their mightie huge ſwordes and ſmall bucklers.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Alſo by reaſon their
ſwordes were brode at the endes, and poyntleſſe, they auayled little to hurt
the armed enimie. Whervpon when the Hollan|ders came to ioyne with them,
they made foule worke in ſleaing and
wounding them in right horrible wiſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The horſmen alſo that
made reſiſtaunce, they pulled from their horſes, and began to climbe the
hill vpon the Britains.Holanders. The other bands
deſirous to match their fellowes in helping to atchieue the victorie,
folowed the Hollanders, and beat downe the Britains where they might approch
to them: many were ouerrun & left half dead, and ſome not once
touched with any weapon, were likewiſe o|uerpreſſed, ſuch haſt the Romains made to folow vpon the Brytains.
Whileſt the Britiſh horſmẽ fled, their Charets ioyned themſelues with theyr
footmẽ and reſtoring the battel put the Romains in ſuch feare, that they
were at a ſodain ſtay: but the charets being troubled with preaſe of
enimies, and vneuenneſſe of the grounde, they coulde not work their feat to
any purpoſe. Neither had that fight any reſemblance of a battel of horſmen,
whẽ eche one ſo encõbred other, yt they had no rowmth to ſtu [...] themſelues: The charets oftentimes wan|ting their guiders, were
caried awaye with the horſes, that being put in feare with the noiſe and
ſtur, can hither & thither, bearing downe one an othe [...] and whomſoeuer elſe they mẽt with.
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1
2 The Brytains now that
kept the toppe of the hilles and had not yet fought at all, deſpiſing the
ſma [...] number of the Romaines began to come downwardes & to caſt
about, that they might ſet vpõ the backs of their enimies, in hope ſo to
make an end of the battell, and to win the
victorie: but Agricola doubting no leſſe, but that ſome ſuche thing would
come to paſſe, had afore hande fore|ſeene the daunger, & hauing
reſerued foure wings of horſemen for ſuch ſodaine chaunces, ſent them forth
agaynſt thoſe Brytaines, the which horſe|men with full randon, charging vpon
thẽ as they raſhly came forwards, quickly diſordred them & put thẽ
all to [...]ight, and ſo that purpoſed deuiſe & policie of the Brytains
turned to their owne hin|derance. For their horſmen by their captains
ap|poyntment trauerſing ouerthwart by the fronts of them that fought, ſet
vpon that battaile of the Brytaynes which they found before them. Then in
thoſe open and plain places a grieuous & hea [...] ſight it was to behold, how they purſued, woũded and toke their
enimies: & as they were aduiſed of other to ſlea thoſe that they had
before takẽ, to the ende they might ouertake the other, there was no|thing
but fleeing, taking & chaſing, ſlaughter, ſpil|ling of blood,
ſcattring of weapõs, grũting, & gro|ning of mẽ & horſes
yt lay on the ground, gaſping for breath, and readie to die. The Brytains
now and then as they ſawe their aduantage, namely when they approched neare
to the woods, gath [...]|red thẽſelues togither, and ſet vpon the Romains as they followed
vnaduiſedly, & further (through ignorance of the places) than ſtood
with their ſure|tie, inſomuch that if Agricola has not prouided remedie,
& ſent forth mightie bands of light armed men both on foote
& horſebacke to cloſe in the eni|mies, & alſo to beat the
woods, ſome greater loſſe would haue followed through too much boldneſ [...] of them, that too raſhly purſued vpon the Bry|tains: who when they
beheld the Romains thus to follow them in whole troupes and good order of
battail, they ſlipt away & tooke them to flight, ech one ſeeking to
ſaue himſelfe, and kept not to|gither in plumpes as before they had
done:
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The night made an end of
the chaſe which the Romains had followed till they were throughly
awearied.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 There were ſlain of the
Britains that day ten M. & of the Romains .140.Ten the [...] Brytains [...]. among whom Aulus Atticus, a captain of one of the cohorts
or bande [...] of footmen was one,Aulus Atticus ſlaine.
who being mounted on horſ|back, (through his own too much youthfull
cou|rage, & fierce vnrulineſſe of his horſe) was caryed into ye
middle throng of his enimies, & there ſlain.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The night enſuing, the
Romains paſſed with great ioy and gladneſſe for the victorie atchieued. But
among the Brytaines there was nothing heard but mourning and
lamentation,Brytaynes [...] Scots neither yet Pictes. both of men & women that
were mingled togither, ſome duſ [...]e to beare away the wounded, to binde, and dre [...]e their hurtes, other calling for their ſonnes, kin [...]folks and friends that were wanting. Many of them forſooke theyr
houſes, and in their deſ [...]| [...]ate m [...]de ſet them on fire, and [...] forth [...] their [...] refuge and ſafegarde, forth|with [...] of the ſame left them and ſought others: [...] with diuerſe of them [...]ooke counſell to|gither what they were beſt to doe, one [...] they were in hope, an other [...] they [...], as people caſt into vtter diſpayre: the beholding of theyr wyues and
children, oftentymes moued EEBO page image 73 them to attempte ſome
newe enterpriſe for the preſeruation of theyr countrey and liberties. And
certayne it is that ſome of them ſlew their wiues and children, as moued
thereto with a certayne fonde regard of pitie to ridde them out of further
miſerie and daunger of thraldome.
[figure appears here on page 73]
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1 The nexte daye the
certayntie of the victory more playnely was diſcloſed, for all was quiet
about, and no noyſe heard any where: the houſes appeared brenning on each
ſide, and ſuch as were ſente foorthe to diſcouer the countrey into euery
part thereof, ſawe not a creature ſturring, for all the people were auoyded
and withdrawen a farre off.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But nowe of this battell,
and other the do|ings of Agricola, in the Scottiſhe Chronicle ye may fynde
more at large ſet foorthe: for that which I haue written heere, is but to
ſhew what in effect Cornelius Tacitus writeth of yt whiche Agricola dyd
heere in Britayne, withoute ma|king mention eyther of Scottes or Pictes,
onely naming them Britaynes, Hor [...]ſtians, and Cali|donians, whiche inhabited, in thoſe dayes parte of
this Ile which now we call Scotland.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After that Agricola hadde
thus ouerthrowen hys enimies in [...]pight fielde at the mountayne of Granzeben, and that the coun [...]ey was quite ridde of all appearaunce of enimies: bycauſe the ſommer
of this eyght yeere of his gouernemente was nowe almoſt ſpente,
[...]ctor. Bo. he broughte hys army into the confynes of the
Horreſtians, whyche in|habited the countreyes nowe cle [...]ed Angus and Merne,
[...]. Tacitus. and there intended to Winter, and tooke hoſtages
of the people for aſſurance of theyr loy|altie and ſubiection.
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1 This done, he appoynted
the Admirall of the nauie to ſayle about the Iſle, whiche according|ly to
his commiſſion in that poynte receyued, luckily accompliſhed his
enterpriſe,
[...]hauen cal| [...] Trutulen| [...] peraduen| [...] Rutu| [...]ſis. and brought the nauie about agayne into an hauen,
called Trutulenſis.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In this meane time,
whileſt Iulius Agrico|la was thus occupyed in Britayne, both the Emperoure
Veſpaſian, and alſo his brother [...] thus ſucceeded hym, departed this life, [...] Domiſian was elected Emperoure, the [...] hearing of ſuche proſperous [...] ſucc [...]ſſe as Agric [...]la had againſt the Britaynes, [...] ſo [...] for the thing well done, as he [...] to cõ|ſider what glory and renowne ſhoulde redounde to Agricola
thereby, whiche hee perceyued ſhould muche darken the gloſſe of hys [...], hauyng a priuate perſon vnder him, who in worthyneſſe of noble
exploytes atchieued, farre excelled hys doyngs.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 To fynde remedie herefor
therefore, he thought not good to vtter hys malice as yet whylſt A|gricola
remayned in Britayne, with on [...], whych ſo muche fauoured him, and that [...] good cauſe, ſith by his policie and noble conduit, the ſame hadde
obteyned ſo many victories, ſo much honor, and ſuch plentie [...] and [...]|ties. Wherevppon to diſſemb [...]
[...], ap|poynted to reuoke him foorth [...], of Britaine, [...]s it were to honor hym, not only with reſerued try|umphes, but alſo
with the Lieutenantſhippe of Syria, which as then was voyde by the death of
Atilius Rufus.
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1 Thus Agricola being
conte [...]a [...]nded [...] to Rome deſyu [...]ed his prouin [...] vnto his [...]|ceſſor Cneus, Trebellius,Cneus Tre|bellius alias
Salustius Lucullus as ſome thinke.
appointed thereto by the Emperour Domitianus, in good quiet and
ſauegarde.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus may you ſee in what
ſtate Britayne ſtoode in the dayes of King Marius, of whome yet Tacitus
maketh no mention at all. Some haue written, that the City of Cheſter was
buil|ded by this Matius, though other as before I haue ſayde,Fabian. thinke rather that it was the worke of
Oſtorius Scapula their Legate.
