1.3. ¶Henry the firſt.
¶Henry the firſt.
[figure appears here on page 336]
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1
Henry the firſt.
1100 An. Reg. 1.
_HEnry yongeſt ſonne to William the
firſt, bro|ther to Rufus lately de|parted, the firſte of that name that
ruled heere in Englande, and for hys knowledge in good lite|rature ſurnamed
Beau|clerke, was admitted K. by the whole aſſent of the Lords and commons,
& began his raigne ouer England the firſte of Au|guſt, in the yeare
after the creation of the worlde .1067. after the birth of our Sauiour
.1100. and .44. of the Emperoure Henry the fourth, Paſcall the ſecond as
then gouerning y
e Sea of Rome, whi|che was about the .
[...]i. yeare of Phillip the firſte of that name K. of France, &
beginning of y
e raigne of Edgar K. of Scotlande, and was ſacred and Crowned
at Weſtminſter,
VVil. Thorne Geruaſius
Dorobernẽſis. the fifth daye of Au|guſt, by Thomas, Archbiſhop of
Yorke, & Mau|rice Biſhop of London, bycauſe at that time An|ſelme
Archbiſhop of Cãterbury was exiled. This Prince hadde aforehand framed the
people to hys purpoſe in bringing them to thynke well of him, and to
conceyue a maruellous euil opinion of his brother Duke Robert,
Mat. Paris. perſwading them moreo|uer, that y
e ſaid
Duke was likely to prooue a ſharp and rigorous gouernour, if he once
atteyned to y
e Crowne and dominion of the Iland. Moreouer,
EEBO page image 337 he cauſed it to be bruted abrode, and reported for a certain trouth, that
the ſame Robert was al|readie treated king of Ieruſalem: And therefore
cõſidering that the kingdom of Paleſtine (as the report went) was of
greater reuenues, than that of England, there was no cauſe why they ſhuld
ſtay for him, who would not willingly leaue the greater for the leſſe. By
which meanes the nobi|litie and commons were the ſooner perſuaded to decline
from the election of the ſayd Robert, and
to receiue his brother Henry for their lauful king, who on the other ſide
ceaſed not to promiſe moũ+taines till his enterpriſe tooke effecte, and
then, at leyſure payed ſome of them with molle hylles, as by the ſequele of
the ſtorie ſhal more at large ap|peare.
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1
2 This Henry therefore
comming thus to the Crowne, conſidered furthermore with him ſelfe, that
hereafter when his eldeſt brother Roberte ſhould returne, and vnderſtand how
the matter was brought about, he would
thinke himſelfe to haue had much wrong, and bin very euill dealte withall,
ſith that by right of birth, and alſo by a|greement made with his brother
Williã Rufus, he ought of right to be preferred, & thervpon wold
not fayle, but make earneſt clayme againſt him. Wherfore ere he ſhuld come
home out of the ho|ly land (where he yet remained) the King ſtudied by all
meanes poſſible how to gratifye all the ſta|tes of his realme,The king ſee|keth to vvyn the peoples fauour. and to
plant in their harts ſome good opinion of
him: & firſt of all to begin with, he reformed ſuche things as his
brother had lefte very preiudiciall to the eſtate of the Church, ma|king the
ſame free which before was ſore oppreſ|ſed: & furthermore ſomwhat to
releue the cõmon wealth, he promiſed to reſtore the lawes of good K. Edw.
& to aboliſh or amende thoſe whiche by his father and brother were
alreadye ordeined to the hurt and preiudice of the olde auncient liber|ties
of the realme of England.Simon Dun. Hen. Hunt. Mat.
Paris. He reuoked An|ſelme the
Archebiſhop of Canterbury out of exile who fled (as ye haue heard) to auoyd
the wrathe of K. William.Anſelme called home. VVil.
Mal. VVil. Giffard bish. of VVin|cheſter. H. Hunt.
Moreouer, he placed in the ſea of Wincheſter, one William Gyffarde,
a graue and diſcrete perſon, and alſo ordeined Monkes of honeſt reputation
to be Abbots in certain abbeys which had bin long voyd, & in the
hands of Wil|liam his brother: in like maner hee pardoned cer|tain payments
whiche his brother & predeceſſour had cauſed to bee raiſed by waye
of taxes & cu|ſtomes, and beſides
this on the .viij. day of Sep|tember, he cõmitted to priſon within the
Tower of London Rafe the biſhop of Durhã,Raufe bish. of
Durham com|mitted to the tovver. Simon Dun. The firſte
or|deyning of the yard meaſure. by whoſe naughtye counſel his ſaid
brother being ſeduced, had in his life time done many oppreſſions to his
people. He ordeyned alſo that one length of mea|ſuring ſhould be vſed
through this realme, which was a yard, apointing it to be cut after the
length of his owne arme,VVil. Malm many other
things he amẽded alſo greatly to the contentation and commodi|tie of his
ſubiects, who gaue God thankes that he had in ſuche wyſe deliuered them oute
of the handes of cruell extorcioners. After that he had thus brought the
cõmon welth in ſo good eſtate,VVil. Mal.
Polidore. he conſulteth his nobilitie, where he mighte beſte get
him a wyfe, and thereby leaue the vnlawfull vſe of keeping of concubines:
whiche demaunde was not myſliked of them at all: & ere long they
conſidered how Edgar king of Scotlãd had a ſi|ſter named Maude, a beautiful
lady, and of ver|tuous conditions, who was profeſſed a Nonne, in a religious
houſe, to the end ſhe might auoyde the ſtorms of the world, and lead hir
life in more ſecuritie after hir fathers deceaſſe. This woman
notwithſtanding hir uow, was thought to be a mete bedfellow for the king,
therfore he ſent am|baſſadors
[figure appears here on page 337] to hir brother
Edgar, requiring him yt he might haue hir in mariage: but ſhee refuſyng
ſuperſtitiouſly at the firſt, to breake hir profeſſion or vow, wold not
heare of the offer, wherwithall K. Henrie being the more enflamed, ſendeth
new Ambaſſadors to moue the ſame in more earneſt ſort thã before in ſo much
that Edgar, vpon the declaration of their ambaſſage, ſet the Abbeſſe of ye
houſe (wherin ſhe was encloſed) in hand to per|ſwade hir to the mariage, the
which ſo effectual|ly declared vnto hir in ſundry wiſe, how neceſſa|ry,
profitable, and honorable the ſame ſhould bee both to hir countrey and
kinred, did ſo preuaile at the laſt, that the yong Lady graunted willingly
to the mariage.
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1 Herevpon ſhe was conueyed
into Englande, & maried to the king, who cauſed the Archbiſhop
Anſelme to crown hir Queene on Saynt Mar|tines day, whiche fell as that
yeare came about, vppon the Sundaye, being the eleuenth of No|uember.
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1 It ſhoulde ſeeme by
Eadmerus, that ſhee was neuer Nonue, but only veyled by hir mo|ther, and
placed amongſt Nonnes agaynſt hir EEBO page image 338 mynde (as ſhe
proteſted to the whole worlde) at ſuche tyme as the Archebiſhoppe Anſelme
refu|ſed to conſent to ſolemniſe the mariage betwixt them,
[...]eru [...]
tyll that doubte were cleared, and the occaſion remoued, whervpon
euill diſpoſed men would haue grounded theyr iudgementes, and reported the
worſte.
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1 But whether ſhe were
profeſſed or veyled, on|ly, loth ſhe was to conſente at the fyrſt (as
part|ly ye haue hearde) but after that ſhe was cou|pled with the kyng in marriage, ſhee proued a right obedient
wyfe.
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1
The Archebi|ſhop of Vienne the Popes Le|gate.About
thys ſeaſon the Archbiſhop of Vienne came ouer into Englande wyth the Popes
au|thoritie, (as he pretended) to bee Legate ouer all Britayne, whyche was
ſtraunge newes vnto England, and greatly meruayled at (as ſayth Eadmer) of
all menne. For it hadde not beene hearde of in Englande before that tyme,
that a|ny perſon ſhoulde exercyſe the Popes roome, ex|cepte the Archebiſhoppe of Canterbury.He is not recei|ued for legate. And ſo he departed as he came,
for no manne receyued him as Legate, nor he exercyſed any Legantine
authoritie.
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1 Soone after, the Kyng
ſenſe Ambaſſadours vnto Rome, for a ſuite whyche hee had againſt the
Archebiſhoppe Anſelme, for that hee denyed not onely to doe hym homage, but
alſo would not conſecrate ſuche Biſhoppes and other Ec|cleſiaſticall
Gouernours as he tooke vppon hym to
inueſte: About which matter no ſmall trou|ble was moued, as partely
hereafter it ſhall ap|peare.
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1
1011.In the meane tyme, Roberte the kyngs elder
brother, retourning out of the holy lande, com|meth into Normandye: for
after he hadde ad|uertiſemente of the deathe of hys brother Ru|fus, and that
his younger brother Henrye was crowned kyng of Englande, hee was greately
diſpleaſed in hys mynde, and meante wyth all ſpeede to aſſaye if hee myght recouer it oute of hys handes.
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1
Ran. Higd. Duke Roberte choſen king of Hieruſalem.Wee
reade, that when the Chriſtian Prin|ces hadde wonne Hieruſalem, they did
aſſemble togyther in the Temple to chooſe a Kyng to haue the gouernemente of
that Citie and coun|trey, and that Duke Roberte was choſen be|fore all the
reſidue to be King there, by reaſon of a certain kynde of miracle wrought by
the quen|chyng of a taper, and ſodaine kindelyng thereof agayne, as he helde the ſame in his hande, ſtan|dyng in
the Churche afore the Altar amongeſt other on Eaſter euen, as a vayne tale
hath ther|of bin tolde. So as thereby it ſhould be thought he was appoynted
among all the reſidue to be Kyng, and ſo was he nominated. But hee ha|uyng
hys mynde more enclyned to Englande,Polid [...]r. refuſed to take the charge vpon hym, wherevp|pon after
that daye he neuer greately proſpered in any buſineſſe whyche he tooke in
hande.
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1 But other Authours of
good credite whiche haue written the Hiſtorie of that voyage made into the
holye Lande, make no mencion of any ſuche matter, but declare, that Godfray
of Bo|longne was by the generall conſente of all the Princes and Capitaynes
there elected kyng, as in the deſcription of the voiage into the holy land
more playnly appeareth. But nowe to retourne from whence I haue
digreſſed.
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1 When the fame was blowne
into England that duke Robert was returned into Norman|die,An. reg. 2.
and that the people had receiued him for their Duke with great
triumph and ioye: there were diuers whiche deliting in newe alterations, and
being wearie of the quiet gouernement of king Henry,Duke
Roberte is ſolicited to come into En|gland to claime the crovvne.
wrote letters ouer oute of Englande to the Duke, ſignifying to hym, that if
he woulde make haſte, and come to recouer the realme oute of his brothers
handes (who vſurped therein by wrongfull title) they would be ready to aide
him with all their powers. And herewithall the duke beeing [...]eadye of his owne accorde to thys en|terpriſe, was not a little
enflamed, and nowe made more earneſt to make haſte about this bu|ſineſſe.
And where hee woulde not ſeeme at the firſt muche to eſteeme of the offer
made to him by thoſe Engliſhmen, whiche had thus written ouer vnto him
(blaming generally all the engliſh nobilitie,) for that whyleſt he was
abroade in the ſeruice of the Chriſtian common wealth a|gaynſte the
Infidels, they woulde ſuffer hym to be in ſuche wyſe defrauded of his
fathers in|heritance, by his brother, through their vntrouth and negligence)
yet although he mente to delay ye matter, & thought it rather
better to diſſemble with them for a tyme,VVil. Mal. Simon
Dun. than to committe the ſuc|ceſſe of his affaires and his perſon
vnto theyr in|conſtancie. Shortely after beeing ſette on fire, and ſtill
encouraged by the perſwaſion of Raufe biſhop of Durham (who by a meruaylous
wy|lye ſhifte,In the kal. of February. R Haue. H.
Hunt. Polidore
about the firſt of February had broken out of priſon, with all ſpeed
poſſible he gathered his armie, purpoſing out of hande to paſſe ouer with
the ſame into England, and to hazard his right by dente of ſworde, whiche
was thus by playne iniurie moſte wickedly deteyned from hym.
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1 King Henry in the mean
time vnderſtanding his meaning, likewyſe aſſembled his power, and furniſhed
foorth a great number of ſhips, appoin|tyng them to lye in a readineſſe to
ſtop hys bro|thers comming to land if it myght be. He himſelf alſo lodged
wyth hys mayne armie neere vnto the towne of Haſtings, to be readie to giue
him battayle if he landed thereaboutes.
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1 Duke Robert alſo meanyng
to ſet foreward, EEBO page image 339 ſente certaine of his ſhippes
afore to chooſe ſome conuenient place where hee myght lande wyth his armie,
which ſhippes by chaunce fell into the daunger of the kings nauie, but yet
abſteyning from battayle, they recouered the wynde, and returned backe to
the Duke agayne, ſignifying from pointe to pointe howe they had ſped in this
voyage. The Duke as he was of a bold courage, and of ſo gentle a nature that
he beleeued he ſhuld win their good willes, with whom he ſhuld haue any
thing to doe, paſſed forwarde, and comming neere to the kings nauie, vſed
ſuche gentle per|ſwaſions,
[figure appears here on page 339] that a great parte
of the Souldiours which were a boord in the kings ſhips, ſubmitted
themſelues vnto him,
Duke Roberte arriued at Porteſmouth. Si. Dunelm. VVil. Mal. H.
Hunt. Polidor. by whoſe conduct he arri|ued in Portſmouth hauen,
and there landed with his hoſt about the beginning of the month of Au|guſt:
and after he had reſted a fewe dayes to re|freſhe his men, he toke the waye towards Win|cheſter, a great
number of people flocking vnto him by the way.
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1
2 The king hauing knowledge
both of the ar|riuall of his enimies, and of the reuoltyng of his ſubiectes,
reyſed his Campe, and came to lodge neere vnto his enimies, the better to
perceyue what he attempted and ment to doe. They were alſo in manner readye
to haue ioyned battayle, when dyuers noble men that ought good will to
both the brethren, and abhorred in
their myndes ſo vnnaturall diſcorde beganne to entreate for a peace,VVil. Mal. Simon Dun. H. Hunt. which in the ende they
concluded on thrſe cõditions: that Henry (who was borne after his father
had conquered the Realme of England,) ſhould therefore nowe enioye the ſame,
yelding and paying yerely vnto duke Robeet the ſumme of .iij.M. marks,
& whether of thẽ ſoeuer did de|part this life firſt, ſhuld make the
other his heire. Moreouer that thoſe Engliſhmen or Normans which had taken parte, either with the king or the
duke,Hen. Hunt. VVi. Thorne. Mat. VVest. Geruaſius
Dorober. ſhould be pardoned of al offences that could be layd vnto
them for the ſame by eyther of the princes. There were alſo .xij. noble men
on ey|ther parte that receyued corporall othes for per|formance of this
agreement, which being con|cluded in this maner Duke Robert which in his
doings ſhewed himſelf more credulous than ſuſ|picious, remayned with his
brother here in En|glande till the feaſt of S. Michaell, & then
ſhe|wing himſelfe wel contented with the agreemẽt, returned into Normandie.
In this ſeconde yeare of this kings reigne, the Queene was deliuered of hir
daughter named after hir, Maude or Ma|thilde, that was after Empreſſe, of
whome by Gods grace ye ſhall heare more afterwardes in this hiſtorie.1102. The king being now rid of forrein trouble was
ſhortly after diſquieted with the ſe|dicious attempts of Robert de Beleſme
earle of Shrewſbury, ſonne to Hugh before named,
Simon Dun. Robert de Be|leſmo Earle of Shrevvſbury. who
fortified the Caſtel of Bridge north, and an o|ther caſtel in Wales, at a
place called Caircoue, and alſo furniſhed the towne of Shrewſburye, with the
caſtels of Arundell and Tickhill, which belonged to him in moſte
ſubſtantiall maner.
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1 Moreouer he ſought to win
the fauour of the Welchmen, with whoſe ayde he purpoſed to de|fende hymſelfe
againſt the king in ſuche vnlaw|full enterpriſes as he ment to take in hand.
But the king hauing an inklyng wherabout he went, ſtreightwayes proclaimed
him a traitor, where|vpon he got togither ſuch number of Welchmen and
Normans as he coulde conueniently come by, and with them and his brother
Arnolde,Stafford vva|ſted. he entred into
Staffordſhire, whiche countrey they forrayed and waſted exceedingly,
bringing from thence a great bootie of beaſtes and cattell, with ſome
priſoners alſo, which they ledde foorthwyth into Wales, where they kepte
themſelues as in place of greateſt ſafetie.
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1
EEBO page image 340The king in the meane tyme with all conue|nient ſpeede
reyſed a power, and fyrſte beſieged the Caſtell of Arundell,Arundell caſtel beſieged. and planting diuers
ba|ſtillions before it, he departed from thence, and
[figure appears here on page 340] ſending the Biſhop of Lincolne with part of his armie to
beſiege Tickhill, he himſelfe goeth to Bridge north,Bridgenorth beſieged. the whiche he enuironeth aboute with a
mightie armie, gathered out of al the par|tes of his Realme, ſo that what
wyth giftes, large promyſes, and fearefull threatnings, he at the laſt
allureth to his ſide the fickle Welchmen, and in ſuche wyſe winneth them,
that they a|bandoned the Erle,An. reg. 3.
and nowe tooke part againſt him.
Wherevppon the king within .xxx. dayes wanne al the townes and caſtels which
he held) out of his handes,The Erle of Shrevvesburye
banished the realme. and baniſhed him the realme, and likewyſe
ſhortely after, he confined his bro|ther Arnold for his traiterous demeanour
vſed a|gaynſt him, wherby their attemptes were brou|ght vnto an ende.
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1
2
A Synode of Bishops. Eadmerus
After this, in the feaſte of Saincte Michaell, Anſelme archbiſhop of
Canterbury held a coun|cell at Weſtminſter, at the whiche were preſent
the Archbiſhop of Yorke, with the
biſhoppes of London, Wincheſter, Lincolne, Worceſter, Cheſter, Bathe,
Norwiche, Rocheſter, and two other Biſhops lately before electe by the King,
that is to wit, Saliſbury and Hereforde: the bi|ſhop of Exceſter was abſente
by reaſon of ſicke|neſſe.Abbottes and Priours
depri|ued. At this Councel or Synode, diuers Abbots and Priours
both Frenchmen and Engliſhmen were depriued of their promotions and
benefices by Anſelme, bicauſe they had come to them other+wiſe than he pretended to ſtand with the decrees of the
church,M. Paris. as the abbottes of Perſore.
Ram|ſey, Taveſtock, Peterborrow, Middleton Bu|rie and Stoke,The cauſe vvhy they vver depriued. H. Hunt. Si.
Dunelm.
with the Prior of Ely, and others. The chiefeſt cauſe for which they
were depriued, was for that they had receyued their inueſtures at the kings
handes.
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1
2 Diuers conſtitutions were
alſo made by au|thoritie of this councell, but namely thys one,
Eadmerus. Mariage of Prieſts forbid|den That Prieſts
ſhould no more be ſuffered to haue wiues, who were neuer abſolutely
forbiddẽ ma|trimonie in this lande before this tyme.H.
Hunt. Whiche decree (as ſayeth Henry of Huntington) ſeemed to ſome
very pure, but to ſome againe very dan|gerous, leaſte whileſt diuers of
thoſe that coue|ted to profeſſe ſuche a cleanneſſe and puritie of lyfe, as
paſſed their powers to obſerue, myghte haply fall into moſte horrible
vncleanneſſe, to the hygh diſhonour of the chriſtian name, and offence of
the almightie.
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26 Moreouer,Decrees inſti|tuted in thys Councell. it was decreed
in the ſame Coun|cell, That no ſpirituall perſon ſhoulde haue the
adminiſtration of any temporall office or func|tion, nor ſitte in iudgement
of lyfe and deathe:Againſt prieſte that vvere ale houſe
hunters. That Prieſtes ſhoulde not haunte Alehouſes, and further,
that they ſhoulde weare apparell of one manner of colour, and ſhoes after a
come|lye faſhion: for a little before that tyme,Archedeacon|ries. Prie|ſtes vſed to goe verie vnſeemely: That no
Arch|deaconries ſhoulde bee lette to ferme: That e|uerie Archedeacon ſhoulde
at the leaſte receyue the orders of Deacon: That none ſhould be ad|mitted to
the orders of Subdeacon,Subdeacons. Prieſts
ſonnes. withoute profeſſion of chaſtitie: That no Prieſtes ſon|nes
ſhoulde ſucceede their fathers in their benefi|ces: That Monkes and Prieſtes
which hadde forſaken theyr orders (for the loue of theyr wi|ues) ſhoulde be
excommunicate, if they would not retourne to theyr profeſſion agayn: That
Prieſtes ſhoulde weare brode crownes:Prefes to
vvear That no tythes ſhoulde be gyuen but to the Church,Tythes. Benefices. Nevv chapel [...]. That no benefices ſhoulde be bought or ſolde, That no newe
Chappells ſhoulde bee buylded withoute conſente of the Biſhoppe, That no
Churche ſhould be conſecrated except prouiſion EEBO page image 341 were firſte
had to the mayntenance thereof,Conſecration of Churches.
Abbottes. and to the miniſter. That Abbots ſhoulde not make any
knightes or men of warre, and ſhoulde ſleep and eate within precinct of
their owne houſes, except ſome neceſſitie moued them to ye contrary:Monkes. That no Monks ſhould enioyne penance to any
mã without licence of their Abbot, and ye Abbots knight not graunt licence
but for thoſe of whoſe ſoules they had cure. That no Monk ſhould be
godfather, nor Nonne godmother to any mans
childe:Fermes. Perſonages. That Monkes ſhoulde
not hold and oc|cupie any fermes in their hands: That no mon|kes ſhoulde
receyue any perſonages, but at the handes of the Biſhop, nor ſhoulde ſpoyle
thoſe which they did receiue in ſuch wiſe of the profits and reuenewes, that
Curates which ſhould ſerue the cures might thereby want neceſſarie
prouiſi|on for them ſelues and the ſame Churches:Contracts. That contracts made betwene man and womã with|out
witneſſes concerning mariage ſhoulde bee
voyde,VVearing of haires. if either of them
denyed it: That ſuche as did weare their heare long ſhould be neuertheleſſe
ſo rounded, that parte of theyr eares mighte ap|peare: That kynſefolke
myghte not contracte matrimonie within the ſeuenth degree of
con|ſanguinitie: That the bodies of the dead ſhould not be buryed but wythin
theyr paryſhes,Buryall. leaſte the Prieſt might
loſe his duetie: That no man ſhould vpon ſome newe raſhe deuotion giue
re|uerence and honour vnto any dead bodies foun|taynes of water,Fond vvor|shipping of dead
men. or other thyngs withoute the Biſhoppes authoritie, whych hath
bin wel kno|wen to haue chaunced heretofore: That there ſhoulde be no more
buying and ſelling of menne vſed in Englande, whiche was hytherto
accu|ſtomed as if they had bene kyne or Oxen. Alſo all ſuche as committed
the fylthie ſynne of So|domitrie ſhoulde bee accurſſed by the Deccre of thys
Councell, tyll by penaunce and confeſſion he ſhould obteyne abſolution: And
if he were a prieſt or any maner of
religious perſon, he ſhuld loſe his benefice, and bee diſinabled to obteyne
any other: and if he were a laye man, he ſhould loſe the prerogatiue of his
eſtate, and that no re|ligious man might bee abſolued of this cryme but at
the Biſhops hands:The curſſe to be red euery
Sunday. it was alſo ordeyned, that euery Sundaye thys curſſe
ſhould be red in euerye Churche. The Kyng alſo cauſed ſome ordinaunces to
bee deuyſed at this coun|ſell, neceſſarye to moue and procure menne to
the leadyng of a good and vpryght trade
of lyfe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 About the third yere of
K. Henries reigne the fundation of S. Bartholomew by Smythfield was begon by
Rayer one of the Kings Muſi|tians (as ſome write) who alſo became the fyrſt
Priour thereof. In thoſe dayes Smithfielde was a place where they layde all
the ordure and filthe that was hadde foorth of the Citie. And alſo it was
the appoynted place of execution where Felons and other tranſgreſſoures of
the lawes did ſuffer.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In thys third yeare of
kyng Henries reigne the Queene was delyuered of a ſonne called Willyam.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After that the Earle of
Shreweſburye was banyſhed (as before ye haue hearde) the ſtate of the Realme
ſeemed to be reduced into very good quiet. So that king Henrie aduaunced
with ſo good ſucceſſe in his affaires, was nowe in no feare of daunger any
manner of waye: howbeit herein he ſomewhat diſpleaſed the Clergie: for
leaning vnto his princely authoritie, hee tooke vppon him both to nominate
Biſhoppes,
Polidor. The king be|ſtovveth bi|shoprikes. Math.
Paris.
and to inueſte them into the poſſeſſion of their ſeas: and amongeſt
other whiche hee inueſted, there
[figure appears here on page 341] was one
Rem|clid, whom he ordeyned By|ſhop of Here|forde. But the ſame Remclid or
Remeline, did afterwards reſtore that bi|ſhoprike to the king again, for
that hee was perſuaded gret|ly to haue of|fended in recei|uyng the ſame at a
temporall mannes handes.Simon Dun.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Truely not onely kyng
Henry heere in En|glande, but alſo other Princes and hygh po|tentates of the
temporaltie about the ſame ſea|ſon, chalenged thys ryght of inueſting
Biſhops and other ſpirituall miniſters, as a thyng due vnto them and their
predeceſſours, without all preſcription of tyme, as they alledged, whiche
cauſed no ſmall debate betwixte them and the clergie, as in that whiche is
written thereof, at large by other, maye more eaſily appeare.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But Anſelme the
Archebiſhoppe of Canter|bury more earneſt in this caſe than many other,Anſelme refu|ſeth to conſe|crate the bi|shops inueſted by
the king. woulde not admitte nor conſecrate ſuch biſhops as were
nominate and inueſted by the Kyng, making no accompte of their inueſtitute:
and further hee tooke vppon hym to aduiſe the Kyng not to violate the ſacred
lawes, rites, and cere|monies of the chriſtian Religion, ſo lately de|creed
concerning thoſe matters.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 But ſo farre was the King
from gyuing a|ny eare to his admonitions, that he ſtoode the more ſtyffely
in hys chalenge. And where Thomas the Archebyſhoppe of Yorke was lately
before departed out of this tranſitorie lyfe, EEBO page image 342 he
gaue that benefice ſo beeing voyde vnto one Gerard,Gerard
inue| [...] Archbishop of Yorke. a man of great witte, but (as ſome
wri|ters reporte) more deſirous of honour than was requiſite for a man of
his calling, and willed him in deſpite of Anſelme to conſecrate thoſe
biſhops which he had of late inueſted. This Gerard ther|fore obeying his
cõmandement, did conſecrate them all,VV. Giffarde biſhop
of VVincheſter. M. Paris. VV. Thorne. Polidor.
William Giffard, the biſhop of Win|cheſter onely excepted who
refuſed to be conſe|crated at his handes, whervpon he was depriued
and baniſhed the realme. Alſo the
Archhiſhoppe Anſelme was quite out of fauor, for that he cea|ſed not to
ſpeake agaynſt the king, in reprouing his doings in this behalfe, till time
the king was contẽted to referre the matter to Pope Paſcall,Polidore & to ſtande vnto his decree and
order therein: alſo that ſuch as he had placed in any biſhoprik, ſhuld haue
licence to goe to Rome to pleade their cau|ſes, whether he promiſed ſhortly
to ſend his am|baſſadours, and ſo hee did: Appointing for the purpoſe,1103. Herbert
biſhop of Norwiche, and Ro|bert biſhop of Lichefield, being both of his
priuie counſell,An. reg. 4.
and William Warlewaſt, of whome mention is made before, who went on
their way and came to Rome,Ambaſſadors ſent to Rome.
Anſelme goth alſo to Rome. accordyng to their Com|miſſion.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After them alſo followed
Anſelme the arche|biſhop of Canterbury, Girarde the archebiſhop of Yorke,
and William the electe of Winche|ſter, whome the Pope receyued with a
curteous kynde of entertaynemente. But Anſelme was highly honored before all the reſidue, whoſe dili|gence
and zeale in defence of the ordinaunces of the ſea of Rome, he well inough
vnderſtoode. The Ambaſſadours in lyke maner declaring the effect of their
meſſage opened vnto the Pope the grounde of the controuerſie begonne betwene
the king and Anſelme, and with good argumentes wẽt about to proue the kings
cauſe to be lawful. Vpon the other ſide Anſelme and his partakers with contrary reaſons ſeeke to confute the ſame:
Whervpon the Pope declared that ſith by the la|wes of the Church it was
decreed, that the poſ|ſeſſion of any ſpirituall benefice obteyned other|wyſe
than by the deliuerie of a ſpirituall perſon, coulde not be good or
allowable, from thence|foorth, neyther the kyng, nor any other for hym,
ſhoulde challenge any ſuche right to appertayne vnto them.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The kings Ambaſſadours
hearing this, were ſomewhat troubled in
their myndes: whervpon William Warlewaſt burſte out and ſaid with great
vehemencie euen to the Popes face:
Eadmerus. The ſaying of VVil. VVarle|vvaſt to the Pope.
What ſoeuer is or may be ſpoken in this manner too or fro, I woulde all
that be preſent ſhould wel vn|derſtande, that the King my mayſter will
not loſe the inueſtures of Churches for the loſſe of his whole
realme.
Vnto which wordes Paſcall himſelfe replying, ſayd vnto hym
agayne:
The Popes an|ſvvere to him. If as thou
ſayeſt, the king thy maiſter will not forgot the inueſture of churches for
y
e loſſe of his realme Know thou for certain, and marke my wordes well, I
ſpeake it before God, that for the raun|ſome of his head, Pope Paſcall will
not at any tyme permitte that he ſhall enioy them in quiet. At length by the
aduiſement of his Counſell, the Pope graunted vnto the King certaine
priuiled|ges and cuſtomes which his predeceſſours hadde vſed and enioyed:
But as for the inueſtures of Biſhops he woulde not haue him in any wyſe to
medle with: yet did hee confirme thoſe Biſhops whiche the king had already
created,
Polidor. leaſt the re|fuſall ſhoulde
bee occaſion to ſowe anye further diſcorde.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus this buſineſſe being
after this manner ordered, the ambaſſadours were licenced to de|parte, and
receyuing at the Popes handes great rewardes, and the Archbiſhop of Yorke
Girarde his palle, they ſhortely after returne into Eng|lande, declaring
vnto the king the Popes decree and ſentence.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 The King beeing ſtill
otherwyſe perſua|ded, and looking for other newes, was nothing pleaſed with
this matter, and long it was ere he woulde giue ouer his clayme, and yelde
vn|to the Popes iudgement, till that in proceſſe of tyme, ouercome with the
earneſte ſute of An|ſelme, he graunted to obey the Popes order here|in,
though (as it ſhoulde appeare) righte ſore a|gainſt his mynde. But in this
meane time the king had ſeyſed into his handes,VVil.
Mal. the poſſeſſions of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and baniſhed
Anſelme, ſo that he ſtayed at Lyons in France, for the ſpace of one yere and
foure monethes, du|ring whiche terme there went many letters and meſſages to
and fro, & ſpecially the Pope wrote to kyng Henry very courteous
letters, exhorting him to call Anſelme home againe, and to releaſe his
clayme to the inueſtures of biſhops.The Pope vvriteth
curte|ouſly to the king. Where|vnto he coulde haue no right, ſith
it appertained not to the office of any temporal magiſtrate: ad|ding
furthermore, if the kyng woulde giue ouer that vngodly and vſurped cuſtome,
that he wold ſhewe ſuche friendly fauour in all thinges as by the ſufferance
of God in any wyſe he mighte be able to performe, and further would receyue
not onely him, but alſo his young ſonne William, (whiche lately it had
pleaſed God to ſende him by his vertuous wyfe Quene Maude) into hys
protection, ſo that who ſo euer hurte eyther of them ſhould be thought to
hurt the holy churche of Rome.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 In one of the Epiſtles
alſo whiche the ſayde Pope writeth vnto Anſelme, (after that the king was
contented to renounce the inueſtures afore|ſaid) he willeth Anſelme,
according to ye promiſe EEBO page image 343 whyche hee had made to
aſſayle as well from ſinne as from penaunce due for the ſame, bothe the King
and alſo hys wyfe Queene Maude, with all ſuche perſons of honour, as in his
behalf had trauayled with the kyng to induce hym to be agreeable to his
purpoſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
1104.
The Earle of Mellent.
Moreouer, the Earle of Mellent, and Ry|charde de Riuers, the whiche
had counſelles the kyng to ſticke in it at the firſte, and not to gyue ouer
his title to ſuche inueſtures,
An. regn. 5. fith
his
[...]nce|ſters had vſed the ſo long a
time before his day
[...], by reaſon whereof, in renouncing his ryghte to the ſame, he ſhoulde
doe a thing greately preiu|diciall to his royall eſtate and Princely
Maie|ſtie) were nowe earneſte trauaylers to agree the kyng and the
Pope,
The king per|ſuaded to re|nounce his ti|tle to
the inue|ſture of prelats Eadm [...]rus.
and ſo in the ende the kyng was perſwaded by Anſelme and them to
giue o|uer his holde, whyche hee performed, reſignyng the inueſtures with
ſtaffe and ring, notwithſtan|ding that hee ſtill reſerued the right of
Electiõs, and ſuche other royalties as
otherwyſe appertai|ned to hys Maieſtie, ſo that ſuche Biſhoppes as had done
homage to the kyng, were not diſabled thereby, but quietly permitted to
receyue theyr iuriſdictions.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Duke Robert commeth into Englande to viſite his
bro|ther.About this tyme alſo Roberte Duke of Nor|mandie came into
Englande to ſee his brother: and through the ſugred wordes and ſweete
en|tertaynmẽt ſhewed to him by the king, he relea|ſed the yerely tribute of
.3000. marks, whiche he ſhuld haue had out
of the realme by the agrement (as before ye haue hearde) but [...]hir [...]ly in deede at the requeſt of the Queene, being inſtructed by hir
huſbande howe ſhe ſhoulde vſe the matter wyth him, that was knowne to be
free & liberall, with|out any greate conſideration what he
preſentlye graunted.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 After he hadde bene here
a certaine tyme, and ſported him with his brother and ſiſter, hee re|turned
into Normandie, and ſhortely after, be|gunne to repente him of his follye in
being ſo li|berall, as to releaſſe the foreſayde tribute: And here vpon alſo
he menaced the king, and openly in his reproch ſayd, that he was craftily
circum|uented by him, and in the ende [...]atly beguyled.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 There were diuers in
Normandie, that deſi|red nothing more earneſtly than to ſette the two
brethren at ſquare, namely Roberte de Bel [...]me erle of Shrewſbury,
VV. Malm. Factious per|ſons practiſe to ſet the tvvo brethren at
variance. and William erle of Mor| [...]aigne: theſe two wer baniſhed [...] En|glande the one that is to ſay, the erle of Shrewſ|bury by the
kings comaundement for his rebel|lous attempts (as before ye haue hearde)
and the other, that is to wit, the earle of Mortaigne,The
erle of Mortaigne. left the land of his owne wilful and ſtubborn
minde, [...] himſelf, only for the hatred which he [...] vnto the king for being not contented with the Earledome of
Mortaigne in Normandie, and the erledome of Cornwall in England, he made
ſuite alſo for the Earledome of Rent, whiche his vncle Odo ſometyme helde
and bicauſe he was not only denyed of that his [...], but alſo by or|der of lawe had certaine parcels of lande taken from
him, which he wrongfully deceyued, he got him into Normandie, and there made
war both againſt thoſe places which the king held,
[...]
and al|ſo againſt other,Richard earle of
Cheſter. which belonged to Richard erle of Cheſter, who was then
vnder gouernment of the king by reaſon of his minoritie. The threat|nyng
woordes of Duke Roberte, commyng at the laſt to King Henries eares (by ſuch
as coulde ſette them foorth in woor [...]er ſorte than peraduen|ture they were ſpoken) cauſed hym foorthwith to
conceyue righte high diſpleaſure againſte the Duke,A
povver of men ſent into Normandie in ſo muche that he ſent ouer a
power in|to Normandie, whiche fynding no greate reſi|ſtance, did muche hurte
in the countrey, by fet|chyng and carying ſpoyles and prayes.
[figure appears here on page 343]
Compare 1587 edition:
1
EEBO page image 344Agayne, the Normans rather fauoured than fought to
hinder the enterpriſe of king Henry bi|cauſe they ſawe howe duke Robert with
his foo|liſhe prodigalitie and vndiſcreete liberalitie had made away al that
belonged to his eſtate ſo that of the whole duchie of Normandie, hee had not
any citie or towne of name left in his owne poſ|ſeſſion; Roan only excepted,
which he alſo would haue departed with,Gemeticenſis. if the Citezens would haue conſented to any ſuche
alienation.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 King Henry therfore
be [...]ing of the good ſucceſſe of his men,
1105.
The K. paſſeth ouer into Nor|mandie. Anno reg. 6. St. Dunelm
Gemeticenſis. Polidor.
paſſed ouer hymſelf ſoone after with a mightie armie,
[...] tooke with ſmall trauaile E
[...]|reur, or as other haue Baicus and Cane, which cities when he had
furniſhed with ſufficient gar|niſons of men, he repaſſed the ſea again into
En|glande bycauſe the wynter began to approche, and the wether waxed
troubleſom for ſuch as lay in the fielde. Herevpon duke Robert conſidering
with himſelf how vnable he was (by reaſon that his people fayled him at nede to reſiſt king Hen|rie,
ſith the Brytaines alſo and they of Aniow tooke parte with the ſayd king, he
thoughte good to lay armour aſide, and to paſſe ouer into En|glande, to
entreate with him by way of brother|ly frendſhip in full hope by that meanes
to auoid this preſent daunger,
1106. which he did.
But at his ar|riuall here he learned howe the king his brother as then was
at Northampton:
An. reg. 7.
wherfore he ha|ſted thyther, and comming to him, he made ear|neſt
[...] for peace, beſeeching the king in reſpecte of brotherly loue to
graunt the ſame or if it were that he regarded not the good will of his
naturall brother, he required him to conſider at the leaſte wiſe what
appertayned to his accuſtomed gen|tleneſſe, and to thinke with himſelf that
war be|twixte brethren coulde not be maintayned with out reproch, nor the
victorie gotten be honorable that was obtained againſt his owne fleſhe: and
therefore hee required hym not to refuſe peace, frendſhippe, and offred beneuolence, ſyth he was nowe
ready to render all that euer he hadde into his handes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 The King nothyng moued
herewith, but as one that diſdayned to make a directe aunſwere, murmured
certaine thinges with himſelfe, and turned away from the Duke, as hee that
eyther by experience knewe his brothers lighte and vn|ſtable mynde, or els
as one that determined to be reuenged of him euẽ to the very
vttermoſt.The brethren depart in diſ|pleaſure.
Duke Robert alſo abhorring and vtterly deteſting this his brothers pride,
ſtreightways returned home, purpoſyng with hymſelfe to trye the hazarde of
warre, ſith he ſawe no hope to be had in brother|ly loue and amitie. And
thervpon prouideth for warres with all his power, ſeekyng ayde from all
places where he might gette any, though the kyng his brother gaue him ſmall
leyſure thereto,K. Henry paſ|ſeth into Nor|mandie to
p [...]|ſue his brother. folowing him incontinently with a new
ſupply of ſouldiours, and deſyring nothing more than to get him within his
daunger.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Soone after, bothe the
brethren approchyng neere together, eche of them pitched downe his Campe
wythin the ſyghte of other preparyng them ſelues to giue battayle wyth luſt
ye and manlyke ſtomackes. The Kyng ſurmoun|ting the Duke his brother in
number,They ioyne [...] battayle. firſt brin|geth foorth his men in order of
batayle, & ſtreight wayes the Duke lykewyſe both being readie to
trye the matter by dint of ſworde. Herevpon al|ſo the one prouokyng the
other, the trumpettes blow vp, and the fight is begun. The kings ſoul|diours
truſting too muche in their owne force, by reaſon of their greate multitude,
breake theyr array, and aſſayle theyr enimies on eche ſide ve|ry diſo [...]derly: But the Normans being wyſely ordered and inſtructed by their
Duke, kept them ſelues cloſe togither ſo that the kinges battaile whiche
had, without order ſtepte foorth to aſſayle them, finding ſterne
reſiſtaunce began nowe to
[figure appears here on page 344]
EEBO page image 345 giue backe, for not onely Duke Robert but alſo William
Erle of Mortaigne preaſſed foreward amongſt their men, and foughte valiantly
with their owne hands, whervpon the king when he perceyued howe his men
began to ſhrinke, [...] vpon them to ſtay, and withall commaunded all his horſemen to breake
vppon the flankes of his enimies battayle, which they did with ſuch
vio|lence, that they diſordered the ſame, and cauſed the enimies to ſcatter.
Herewith alſo the kings footemen togither
with the horſemen inuaded the Normans a freſhe,The
Normans vanquished. which neuertheleſſe reſiſted a whyle, till
being compaſſed about in manner on euery ſide, they began to flee, as often
tymes it chanceth, when a few driuen in ſunder by a mul|titude, are aſſayled
on all ſydes. The king then hauing vanquiſhed his aduerſaries, foloweth the
chaſe, & maketh great ſlaughter of them, though not without ſome
loſſe of his owne men: for the Normans deſpairyng of ſafetie, tourned
often|tymes agayne vppon thoſe that
followed them.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
The earle of Mortaigne.Duke Roberte and the Earle
of Mortaigne fighting moſt earneſtly in the mid preaſe of their enimies,
were taken, or (as other ſay) betrayed, and deliuered into their enimies
hands. Alſo be|ſide Duke Robert and the foreſaid Erle of Mor|taigne,
Eadmerus. VV. Criſpyne. VV. Ferreys. Robert de E|ſtoutville. The
number ſlayne. William Criſpyne, William Ferreys, Roberte
Eſtoutville the elder, with .iiij.C. men of armes were taken, and to the
number of .x.M. footmen. But of the number that were ſlayne in this battayle, there is none that declareth any
certaintie: but yet it is reported by diuers wri|ters t [...]
[...] battayle in thoſe dayes was ſo|rer fought nor with greater bloudſhed
[...] of Normandie or [...].
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus haue you the common opinion of the apprehension of the Duke,
howbeit the sayd relation therof agreeth not in all points with that whiche
Gemeticensis writeth, who speaking of this matter, Gemeticenſis declareth in briefe sorte, howe that king Henry
being offended with his brother duke Robert, that he should alienate and
make away the Duchie of Normandie his inheritance with suche riotous
demeanour as hee vsed, so that he left himselfe nothing but the citie of
Roan, which he had not passed to haue giuen away also, if the Citizens wolde
thereto haue granted their consent. The king (I say) taking displeasure
herewith, wente ouer into Normandie, and assembling no smal army togither,
first besieged Bayeux, and finally after he hadde halfe destroyed it, tooke
it by force. After this he tooke Caen also: and then besieged a Castell
called Tenerchbray appertayning to the Erle of Mortaigne, duryng whiche
siege his brother Roberte, and the sayd Erle of Morteign came with a great
multitude of people in hope to be reue(n)ged of the king, and to chase him
out of the countrey: and hereupon assailed him right fiercely. But the
punishment of God fell so vppon them, that they were both taken, and many of
their friends with them, as Robert of Estoutvile and Willia(m) de Crispyn
with other, whiche were broughte before Kyng Henry as Prisoners. And thus
did almyghtie
[figure appears here on page 345] God graunte vnto the Kyng a
notable victorie without bloudshed, for he lost not a man, and of his
aduersaries, there dyed in the fielde not paste three score persons.
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1
VVil. Mal.This ſeemeth alſo to agree with that
whiche Wil. Malmſbury writeth of this matter: for he ſayth, that K. Henry
with ſmall adoe broughte into his handes
duke Robert, who with a greate power of men came againſt him as then lodging
nere to the ſayd caſtell of Tenerchbray: the erle of Mortaigne was alſo
taken,Roberte de Be [...]ſme. but the Earle of Shrewſbury eſcaped by flight,
notwithſtanding ſhortly after he was lykewyſe taken, as he went about to
practiſe ſome priuie conſpiracie againſt the Kyng.
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1 This battayle was fought
as the ſame Wil. Malmſbury affirmeth, vpon a Saterday,The
.27. of Sep|tember chro. de Nor. being the daye of Saint Michaell
in Gloria, and that as may be thought by the prouident
iudgemente of God, to the ende that Normandie ſhould he ſubdued vnto Englãd
on that day, in the whiche fortie yeares paſſed, King William the
conque|rour firſt [...] foote on land at Haſtings, when he came out of Normandie to ſubdue
Englande.Si. Dunelm. Neyther doth Symon
Dunelmenſis in maner vary in any thyng from Gemeticenſis touchyng the
concluſion of this buſyneſſe, and takyng of duke Roberte.
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1 Theſe warres beeing thus
finiſhed, and the countrey ſet in quiet which through the mere fo|lie EEBO page image 346 of Duke Robert was wonderfully impo|ueriſhed. The
king receiued the keys of all the townes and Caſtels which belonged eyther
to the Duke, or to the Earle of Mortaigne, and furniſhed the ſame with
garniſons to be kepte to his behoofe.
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1
Mat. VVest.
1107.
Anſelme retur|neth home.
After that he had thus pacified the countrey of Normandie, he came to
Bec or Bechello|vyn, where the archbiſhop Anſelme then remai|ned, whome by
mediation of frendes, he recey|ued into
fauour agayne, and ſending him ouer into Englande, immediately after
followed himſelfe.
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1
Duke Roberte priſoner in the the caſtell of
Cardiffe.In like manner Duke Roberte being thus ſpoyled of his
dominions, landes and libertie, was ſhortely committed to priſon within the
Caſtel of Cardiff in Wales, where he remai|ned about the ſpace of .xxvi.
yeres, & then died. He gouerned the Duchie of Normandie .xix.
yeres,Gemeticenſis & was a perfect good mã of war, worthy to
be compared with the beſt captains that then liued,Polidor. if he had bin ſomewhat more ware and circumſpect in his
affaires, and therewyth cõ|ſtant and ſtedfaſt in his opinion. His worthye
actes valiantly and happily atchieued againſt the Infidels, ar notified to
the world by many and ſundry writers, to his high cõmendation and eternal
praiſe. It is ſayd alſo, that he was after his taking, once ſette at
libertie by kyng Henry, and bounde to
forſweare the realme of England and Normandie alſo, being apoin|ted to
auoide within the ſpace of .xl. days, and twelue houres. But for that he was
perceiued to practiſe ſomewhat againſt the king, he was eftſones takẽ
again, & hauing his eyes put out, committed to priſon, where finally
worn tho|rough age and grief of mind, he ended his mi|ſerable lyfe.
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1 The forme of banniſhing
men the Realme (as before is expreſſed) was ordeyned by Ed|ward the confeſſor, which remained as a lawe and was
had in vſe till theſe our dayes, for the benefite of them which fledde to
any churche or other priuiledged place, thereby to eſcape the puniſhment of
death due for their offences: by a latter cuſtome it was deuiſed, that they
ſhuld alſo beare a Croſſe in their hande, as a ſigne that they were pardoned
of life, for reſpecte of the holy place within the whiche they ſought for
ſuccour.
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1 But as for Duke Robert
(as it ſhould ap|peare by that whiche other write) hee had no ſuch fauour
ſhewed,Mat. VVest. but only libertie to walke
abroade into the kings forreſtes, parkes, and chaſes, nere to the place
where he was appoin|ted to remayne, and one day as he was in ſuch wyſe
walkyng abroade, hee gotte a horſe, and with all ſpeede rode his waye in
hope to haue eſcaped: but his keepers aduiſed thereof, folo|wed hym with
hewe and crye, tyll at lengthe they ouertooke him in a medow ground, wher he
had layde his horſe vp to the belly in a qua [...]e myre, and ſo being brought agayn, his kepers kepte hym in ſtraighte
priſon, aduertiſing the king of his demeanour, Wherevpon he com|manded yt
the ſight of his eies ſhuld be put out, but ſo as the balles of them ſhoulde
remayne vnbroken, to auoyde the noyſome deformitie that would otherwiſe
enſue if the glaſſes ſhuld take hurt.
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1 In his return forth of
the holy land he ma|ried one Sibell, the Earle of Conuerſans ſi|ſter in
Puglia, hir father hight Roger or Gef|frey (as ſome bookes haue) and was
nephue to Robert Guyſhard, duke of PugliaIohan.
Pike. and by hir had iſſue one ſonne named William, that was after
Earle of Flaunders, wherof (God wil|ling) more ſhall be ſayd hereafter.
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1 Here muſt I leaue duke
Robert, and ſpeake ſomewhat of Anſelme.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3 Shortely after that hee
was returned into England,Eadmerus. ther came
letters to him from Pope Puſ [...]all, by the whiche Anſelme was authori|ſed to diſpoſe and order things
as ſhulde ſeeme to him moſt expedient, and namely where the more and better
parte of the Engliſhe clergie conſiſted of Prieſtes ſonnes, he committed to
his diſcretion the order to diſpence with them, namely ſuche as were of
commẽdable lyfe and learning, that they might be admitted to exer|ciſe the
miniſterie, according as the neceſſitie of time and behoofe of the Churche
ſhould re|quire. Alſo the Pope by the ſame letters gaue Anſelme authoritie
to abſolue Richarde the Prior of Elie,Richard Prior of
Elye. vpon his ſatiſfaction pretermit|ted, and to reſtore him to
the gouernemente of the Priorie of Elye, if the king thought it ne|ceſſarie.
Aboute the Calendes of Auguſte, in this yeare .1107. the king helde a
Councell of Biſhops and Abbots, and other Lords of his realme in his pallace
at London, and there in the abſence of Anſelm, the matter was argued and had
in talk for the ſpace of three days to|gither touching the inueſtures of
Churches, & in the ende, bicauſe the Pope had graunted to the king
the homages of the biſhoppes and o|ther prelates, which his predeceſſor
Vrban had forbidden, together with the inueſtitures. The king was contented
to conſent to the Popes will in forbearing the ſame inueſtitures. And ſo
after that Anſelme was come, the king in preſence of him and of a great
multitude of his people, graunted and ordeyned, that from thenceforth no
biſhop nor abbot ſhuld be inue|ſted within the realm of England, by the hand
either of the King or any laye man, where it EEBO page image 347 was
againe graunted by Anſelme, that no perſon elected into ye prelacie, ſhuld
be depriued of his conſecration for doing his homage to the king. Theſe
things being thus ordred, the chur+ches which through England had bin long
va|cant, were prouided of gouernors, which were placed without any
inueſtiture of ſtaff or ring. And amongſt other, Anſelme conſecrated fiue
biſhops at Canterbury in one daye, that is to wit, William to the ſea of
Wincheſter, Ro|ger that was the kings
Chauncellor to Saliſ|bury, William Warlewaſt to Exceter, Re|malyne the
Queenes chauncellor to Hereford, and one Vrban, to Glamorgan in Wales.
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1
Polidore. Ran. Higd.About this ſeaſon it chaunced,
that where a greate parte of Flaunders was drowned by breaking in of the
ſea, & ouerflowing the coũtrey, a great number of Flemings came
into England, requiring of the king to haue ſome voyde place aſſigned them,
wherin they might inhabite. At the firſte
they were appointed to the countrey lying on the eaſt part of the Ri|uer of
Tweede:Flemings com|ming ouer into England, haue
places appoin|ted them to in|habite. but within foure yeres after,
they were remoued into a corner by the ſea ſyde in Wales, called
Pembrookeſhire, to the ende they might be a defence to the Engliſhe, there
againſt the vnquiet Welchemen.
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1 It ſhoulde appeare by
ſome writers, that this cõpanie of Flemings conſiſted not of ſuch only as
came ouer aboute that tyme by reaſon their
countrey was ouerflowen with the ſea,VVil. Mal.
(as ye haue heard) but of other alſo that came ouer long before, that is to
ſay, in the dayes of William the conqueror, through the frendſhip of the
Queene their countreywoman, ſithence whiche tyme the number of them ſo
increaſed, that the realme of England was ſore peſtred with them: and that
therevpon king Henrye deuiſed to place them in Pembrokeſhire, bothe
to auoid them ſo out of the other parts
of En|glande, and alſo by their healpe to tame the bold &
preſumptuous fierceneſſe of the Welch men: which thing in thoſe parties they
brou|ghte very well to paſſe: for after they wer ſet|tled there, they
valiantly reſiſted their enimies, and made verie ſharpe warres vpon them
ſom|times with gaine, and ſometimes with loſſe.
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1
2
3
4
5
1108.
A Councell. Si. Dunelm. Eadmerus. An. regn. 9.
In the yeare .1108. Anſelme held an other counſell, in the whiche in
preſence of the king and by the aſſent of
the Earles and barons of the realme, it was ordeyned, that Prieſtes,
Deacons, and Subdeacons ſhould liue chaſt|ly, and kepe no women in theyr
houſes, except ſuche as were neere of kinne to them,
Prieſtes are ſe|queſtred from their vviues. and that ſuche
Prieſtes, Deacons, and Subdeacons, as contrarye to the inhibition of the
Coun|cell holden at London, had eyther kepte theyr wyues, or maryed other
(of whome as Ead|merus ſayth there was no ſmall number) they ſhould put them
quite from them, if they wold continue ſtill in the miniſterie, and that
neither the ſame wiues ſhoulde come to theyr houſes, nor they to the houſes
wher their wiues dwel|led: but if they had any thing to ſay to them, they
ſhoulde take two or three witneſſes, and talke with them abroade in the
ſtreete: and if any of them chanced to be accuſed of breaking this
ordinaunce, he ſhoulde be driuen to purge himſelfe with ſixe ſufficiente
witneſſes of hys owne order, if he were a Prieſte: And if hee were a Deacon
wyth foure: and if he were a Subdeacon, with two witneſſes.
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1 Moreouer, those Prieſtes
that woulde for|goe the ſeruing of the aulter, and holye order, to remayne
with theyr wiues, ſhould be depri|ued of their benefices, and not bee
ſuffered to come within the quire.
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1
2 But ſuche as
contemptuouſly kept ſtil their wiues, and preſumed to ſaye Maſſe, if being
called to ſatiſfaction, they ſhoulde neglecte it, then ſhould they be
excommunicated. With|in compaſſe of whiche ſentence all Archedea|cons and
prebendarie Canons were alſo com|priſed,Archdeacons and
Canons. both touching the forgoing of their wo+men, and the
auoiding of their companie, and alſo the puniſhemente by the Cenſures of the
church, if they tranſgreſſed the ordinance. Al|ſo euerye Archedeacon was
appointed to bee ſworne,Archdeacons to be ſvvorne.
that they ſhoulde not take any money for fauouring any perſon in
tranſgreſſion of theſe ſtatutes: and that they ſhould not ſuffer any
Prieſts, whom they knew to haue wiues, either to ſay Maſſe, or to haue any
vicars.
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1
2 The like othe ſhoulde a
Deane receyue, and that ſuche Archedeacons or Deanes as ſhoulde refuſe this
othe ſhoulde bee depriued of their roomthes. The Prieſts which forſaking
theyr wiues, woulde be contente to ſerue God and the Altar, ſhuld be
ſuſpended from that office, by the ſpace of fortie dayes, and be allowed to
haue vicars in the meane tyme to miniſter for them: and after vpon the
performance of their enioyned penance by the Biſhop,Penaunce. they mighte returne to the miniſterie.
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1 In this meane time King
Henry being ad|uertiſed of the death of Philip king of France,Polidore.
Philip king of Fraunce dead. and not knowing what
his ſon Lewes, ſur|named Craſſus, might haply attempte in his newe
preferrement to the Crown, ſayled ouer into Normandie,Levvys le Gros king of Fraunce. to ſee the countrey there in good
order, and the townes, caſtelles, and for|treſſes furniſhed accordingly as
the doubtful time required. And after hee had finiſhed his buſineſſe on that
ſyde, he returned into Eng|lande, where he met with Ambaſſadours ſent to him
from the Emperour Henrie.
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1
EEBO page image 348
[...]mbaſſadours from the empe|rour.The effect of whoſe meſſage
was, to require his daughter Maude in marriage vnto the ſayde Emperoure,
which requeſt (though ſhee was not paſte as then fyue yeares of age, hee
willingly graunted vnto, and ſhewing to the Ambaſſadors greate ſygnes of
loue,Maude the kings daughter fiaunced vnto the
emperour. hee cauſed the eſpouſels by way of procuration to be
ſolemnized with greate feaſtes and triumphes, which being ended, he
ſuf|fered the Ambaſſadors to departe, honored with great giftes and princely
rewardes.
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1
Eadmerus. The death of Girarde archb. of Yorke. Thomas the kings
Chaplain ſucceded in that ſee.About thys tyme alſo, the Archbiſhop
of Yorke Girard departed thys lyfe, and one Thomas the Kyngs Chaplayne
ſucceeded in hys place, the which for lacke of money to furniſh hys iourney,
and for other cauſes as in hys letters of excuſe, whyche hee wrote to
Anſelme it dothe appeare; coulde not come to Canterbury for to bee ſacred of
the ſame Anſelme in ſo ſhorte a tyme as was conueniente. But Anſelme at
length admoni|ſhed hym by letters, that without delay, he ſhould diſpatch and come to be conſecrated. And where|as
Anſelme vnderſtoode that the ſame Thomas was purpoſed to ſend vnto Rome for
hys Palle, he doubted,The doubt of Anſelme. leaſt
if the Pope ſhould confirme him in hys See by ſendyng to hym hys Palle, hee
woulde haply refuſe to make vnto hym profeſſi|on of hys due obedience.
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1
Anſelme vvri|teth to the Pope.Therefore to
preuente that matter, Anſelme wrote to Pope Paſcall, requiring hym in no
wiſe to ſende vnto the nominate Archbiſhoppe of Yorke his palle, tyll he hadde accordyng to the auncient
cuſtomes, made profeſſion to hym of ſubiection, leaſt ſome contentious
trouble might thereof aryſe, to the no ſmall diſquieting of the Engliſh
churche. He alſo aduertiſed Pope Paſ|call, that bycauſe hee permitted the
Emperour to inueſte Biſhoppes, and didde not therefore excommunicate hym,
Kyng Henrye threate|ned, that withoute doubte hee woulde reſume the inueſtitures agayne into hys handes, thin|kyng
to holde them in quiet ſo well as he dyd, and therfore he beſought hym to
conſider what his wyſedome hadde to doe therein with ſpeede, leaſt that
buylding whyche hee had well ſette vppe, ſhoulde vtterly decaye, and come
agayne to irrecouerable ruine. For Kyng Henry ma|keth diligente enquirie
(ſayeth he) what order you take with the Emperor.
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1
The Popes an|ſvvere to Anſelme.The Pope receyuyng
and peruſing theſe Letters, wrote agayne
vnto Anſelme, a very friendly aunſwere touchyng hys cauſe concer|nyng the
Archebiſhoppe of Yorke. And as for the ſuffering of the Emperour to haue the
in|ueſtitures, he ſignifyed to hym that he neyther did nor would ſuffer hym
to haue them: But that hauyng borne wyth hym for a tyme, hee nowe mente very
ſhortly to cauſe hym to feele the weyght of the ſpirituall ſwoorde of Saynt
Peter, whiche alreadye he had drawen foorth of of the ſcab [...]rd, ther withall to ſtrike if he did not the ſooner forſake his
horrible errour and naugh|tie opinion.
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1
2 There was another cauſe
alſo that moued Anſelme to doubte of the Archbiſhop of Yorke his meaning, as
after it appeared.The Archbi|shop of Yorke refuſeth to
come vnto Canterbury to be conſecrated For beeyng ſummoned to come
and to receyue his conſecra|tion at Canterburie (as already ye haue hearde)
thorough counſell of the Canons of Yorke he refuſed ſo to doe: bycauſe they
informed hym that if he ſo didde, it ſhoulde be greately preiu|diciall to
the liberties of that ſee, whoſe Arche|biſhop was of lyke authoritie in all
things vnto the archbiſhop of Canterbury, ſo yt he was bound onely to
fetche his conſecration and benediction at Canterburie, but in no wyſe to
acknowledge any ſubiection vnto that ſea. For ye muſt vnder|ſtand yt there
was great ſtomaking betwixte the clergie of the two prouinces of Canterburie
and York about ye Metropolitan prerogatiue: & euen as occaſiõ
ſerued, & as thei thought ye fauor of the prince or oportunitie of
tyme mighte aduaunce their quarels, they of Yorke ſlicked not to vtter their
griefs, in that (as they tooke it) ſome iniurie was offred thẽ therin.1019. The Archbiſhop of York being thus inſtructed by
the canons of his church ſignified vnto the Archbiſhop Anſelme the cauſe why
he came not at his calling by Letters. The copie of a parcel wherof enſueth
in in this maner.
Cauſam qua differtur ſacratio mea, quam
nemo ſtu|dioſius quam ego vellet accellerare qui protulerunt nõ
deſislũt corroborare, quam ob rem quã periculo|ſum & quam turpè
ſit contracõſenſum eccleſiae cui praefici debeo regimen ipſius inuadere
veſtra diſcre|tio nouerit. Sed & quam formidabile & quam
ſit euitandum ſub ſpecie benedictionis maledictionem induere.
The
engliſhe wherof is this:
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1
The cauſe why my conſecration is deferred, whiche no man liuing woulde
wiſhe to bee done with more ſpeede, than I my ſelfe: Thoſe that haue
ſette it foorth, ceaſſe not to confirme, wher|fore howe daungerous and
how diſhoneſte it ſhoulde bee for mee to inuade the gouernance of that
churche which I ought to rule withoute conſente of the ſame, your
diſcretion ryght well vnderſtandeth, yea and alſo howe dreadfull a thyng
it is, and howe muche to bee auoyded to receyue a curſſe, vnder coloure
of a bleſ|ſyng.
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1 But Anſelme hauing
alreadie written twice vnto the electe [...] Archebiſhoppe of Yorke aboute thys matter, and nowe receyuyng this
aun|ſwere, coulde not bee quiet in his mynde to ſuf|fer it thus to reſte,
and therevppon takyng ad|uice with certaine Biſhops whiche he called vn|to
him, determined to ſende two biſhoppes vnto the ſaid elect of Yorke:
& ſo the biſhop of London EEBO page image 349 as Deane to the
Archbiſhop of Canterbury,The Bishop of London deane to
the bishop of Canterbury The bishop of Rocheſter his chaplayne.
and the biſhop of Rocheſter as his chaplayn of houſ|hold were ſent to
commune with him, who met them at his manour of Southwell, where they
declared to him the effecte of their meſſage but he deferred his anſwer til
a meſſanger which he had ſent to the king (as thẽ being in Normãdie) was
returned, and ſo without any full anſwere, the biſhops came backe
againe.
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1 But ſhortly after, there
commeth to Canter|bury a meſſenger on the
behalfe of the Archbiſhop of Yorke with letters encloſed vnder the Kings
ſeale, by the tenour wherof, the king commaun|ded Anſelme that the
conſecration of the ſayde Archbiſhop of Yorke might ſtaye till the feaſt of
Eaſter, and if he might retourne into Englande by that day, he promiſed (by
the aduice had ther|in of the Biſhoppes and barons of his realme,) that he
woulde ſet a direction in all matters be|twixt them, whereof any controuerſie had bene moued heretofore:
or if hee coulde not returne ſo ſoone, he would yet take ſuch order, that
brother|ly loue and concorde might remain betwixt thẽ. When he that brought
theſe letters required an anſwer, Anſelme anſwered, that he wold ſigni|fie
his mynde to the king,Anſelme ſen|deth to the K.
and not to his maiſter. immediatly therfore was the Deane of Chiche|ſter
ſent from Anſelme, with a Monke of Be|chellovyn ouer to the king, to enforme
him of all ye matter, & to
beſeeche his maieſtie, ſo by his au|thoritie to vſe prouiſion, that no
diſcorde ſhould riſe to the diuiding of the preſent ſtate of the chur+che of
Englande. Furthermore, wheras he had commaunded him to graunt vnto Thomas
the Archbiſhop of Yorke, a tyme of reſpite, he ſhulde take for a certaine
anſwere that he would rather ſuffer himſelfe to be cut in peeces, than to
graunt ſo muche as one houres ſpace vnto the electe of Yorke, whome he knewe
alreadie to haue ſet him ſelfe vniuſtly againſt the auncient conſtitutions
of holy fathers & againſt the
Lord himſelfe. The meſſengers yt were ſent to declare theſe things to the
kyng returned, bringing word that the king had heard their meſſage with
fauourable mynde, and promiſed by the power of God, to declare to the world
that he coueted an vnitie, and not any diuiſion in the churche of
Englande.
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1
Anſelme ſicke.All this meane whyle Anſelme was
deteyned with long and greuous ſickneſſe, and yet not for|getfull of the
rebellious doings of the electe of Yorke, he wrote Letters vnto hym, by the
te|noure whereof, he ſuſpended hym from
exerci|ſing all paſtorall function, till he had reformed hys errour, and
ſubmitted hymſelfe to receyue his bleſſing, and acknowledged hys ſubiection
vnto the Churche of Canterbury, as hys prede|ceſſoures Thomas and Girarde,
after the cu|ſtome and accordingly as theyr aunceſtors had doone before him.
And thus he charged him vpon payne of curſing, except he woulde renounce his
Archebiſhoppes dignitie: for in ſo doing he did graunte him licence to vſe
the office and mini|ſterie of a Prieſt, (whyche before tyme he had taken
vpon hym) or elſe not.
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1 In the ſame letters he
did alſo forbid all the Byſhoppes within the precincte of the Iſle of
Bri [...]tayne, that in no wyſe they ſhoulde con|ſecrate hym, vpon payne of
curſſyng: And if hee ſhoulde chaunce to bee conſecrated by any ſtraunger,
that in no wyſe they ſhoulde vnder the lyke payne receyue hym for
Archebiſhoppe, or communicate with him in any condition.
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1 Euerye Biſhoppe alſo
within the whole Ile of Brytayne hadde a copie of theſe Letters di|rected to
them from Anſelme vnder his ſeale,Letters from
Anſelme. commaunding them to behaue themſelues ther|in according
to the conteintes and as they were bounde by the ſubiection whyche they
ought to the Churche of Canterbury.
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1
2 The letters were dated
alyke in Marche, but vpon the .xxj. of Aprill enſuing,1109. Anſelme ended his lyfe in the ſixteenth yeare after his
firſt pre|ferremente to that ſea,An. reg. 10.
, beeing threeſcore and ſix|tene yeares of age. He was an Italian,
borne in Piemont, neere to the Alpes,Auguſta
Pretoriana. in a Citie cal|led Aoſta, he was brought vp alſo by
Lanfrank and before he was made Archebiſhoppe, he was Abbotte of the
Monaſterie of Bechellovyn in Normandie.
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1 Aboute the ſame tyme was
the Biſhoppes ſea of Elye erected by the King,
Mat. VVest. The firſt erec|tion of the bi|shoprik of Ely.
Eadmerus.
who appoyn|ted one Haruy to bee the firſte Biſhoppe there, that
before had bin Biſhop of Bangor. In lyke maner Cambrigeſhire was annexed to
that ſea, and bicauſe the ſame had of former tyme belon|ged to the ſea of
Lincolne, the kyng gaue vnto the Biſhoppe of Lincolne as it were in
recom|pence, the towne of Spalding whiche was his owne. The Priour of Ely,
named Richarde,Richard priour of Elye. deſirous to
honour himſelfe and his houſe wyth the title of a Biſhoppes dignitie,
procured the e|rection of that Biſhoprike, firſt mouyng the king therin, and
after perſwading with the Biſhoppe of Lincolne to graunt his good will: but
yet ere the matter was brought to ende, thys Pryoure dyed, and ſo the ſaid
Haruy enioyed the roomthe,Polidore wherein the
Prouerbe tooke place, That one ſo|wed, an other reapeth (as Polydore
allegeth it.) But to proceede.
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1
2 Shortly after the
deceaſſe of Anſelme,Eadmerus: there came a Legate
from Rome, that brought wyth him the palle for the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke,
but nowe that Anſelme was departed thys lyfe,A legate
from Rome. the ſayde Legate wyſt not what to make of the matter,
bycauſe hee was appoynted to deliuer the palle firſte vnto Anſelme, and to
doe fur|ther EEBO page image 350 concerning the beſtowing therof, as
ſhould ſeeme good vnto hym. In the feaſt of Pentecoſt nexte enſuing, the
king beeing retourned oute of Normandie held his court at London, and after
the ſolemnitie of that feaſt, hee called an aſſem|ble of the Biſhops, to
vnderſtande what oughte to be done in the matter, for the conſecration of
the Archbiſhop of Yorke.
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1 Heere were the Letters
ſhewed, whiche the Archbiſhoppe Anſelme hadde a little before his death directed vnto euery of the biſhops as before
ye haue heard, the which when the Erle of Mel|lent had read,The Erle of Mellent. and vnderſtode the effect of
them, He aſked what hee was that durſte receyue any ſuche letters without
the kings aſſente and com|maundement?
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1 At lengthe the Biſhops
aduiſing themſelues what they hadde to doe,Samſon bishop
of VVorceter. required Samſon the Byſhoppe of Worceſter to declare
his opini|on, the whiche boldely vttered
his mynde thus: Althoughe thys manne whiche is elected Arche|biſhoppe, is my
ſonne, whome in tymes paſte I begotte of my wyfe, and therefore oughte to
ſeeke his aduancement as nature and worldly reſpectes myghte moue mee, yet
am I more bounde vnto the Churche of Caunterbury, my mother, ye which hath
preferred me to this honor which I doe beare, and by the miniſtery of a
Bi|ſhoplyke office hathe made mee partaker of that grace, whiche it hathe deſerued to enioye of the Lorde.
Wherfore I would it ſhould be notifyed vnto you all, that I meane to obey in
euery con|dition, the commandement conteined in the let|ters of our father
Anſelme concerning the mat|ter which you now haue nowe in hande. For I will
neuer giue myne aſſente, that he whyche is the electe of York ſhall be
conſecrated, til he haue profeſſed his due and canonicall obedience
tou|chyng hys ſubiection to the Churche of Can|terburie. For I my ſelfe was
preſent when my brother Thomas
Archebiſhoppe of Yorke be|ing conſtreyned bothe with auncient cuſtomes and
inuinicible reaſons did profeſſe the like ſub|iection vnto the Archebiſhoppe
Lanfranke, and to all his ſucceſſours, the Archbiſhoppes of
Can|terburie.
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1
The proteſta|tion of the bi|shope to the
king.Theſe things beeing thus vttered by the Bi|ſhoppe of Worceſter,
all the Biſhoppes retur|ned together, and cõming before the kyngs
pre|ſence, boldly confeſſed that they hadde receyued Anſelmes letters, and
woulde not do any thing contrary to the
tenour of the ſame. Hereat the Earle of Mellent ſhooke the head, as though
he ment to accuſe them of contempte towardes the kyng. But the Kyng himſelf
vttered his mynd, and ſayd, That whatſoeuer other men thought of the matter,
he ſurely was of the lyke mynde with the Biſhops, and woulde be loth to
runne in daunger of Anſelmes curſſe.
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1 Wherevpon it was
determined, that the elect of Yorke ſhoulde eyther acknowledge his
ſubiec|tion to the Churche of Canterbury, or elſe for|goe his dignitie of
Archbiſhop: and ſo in the end he came to London, where vpon the .xxviij. day
of Maye, hee was conſecrated by Richarde the Biſhop of London, as Deane to
the ſea of Canterburye, and there hauyng the profeſſion whiche he oughte to
make his ſubiection to the ſea of Canterbury deliuered to him vnder ſeale,
he brake vp the ſame, and read the wrttyng in forme as followeth:
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1
Ego Thomas Eboracenſis eccleſiae conſecrandus
Metropolitanus profiteor ſubiectionem & canoni|cam obedientiam
ſanctae D [...]robernenſi eccleſia & eiuſdem Eccleſiae primati canonice
electo & conſe|cr [...]o & ſucceſſoribus ſuis canonice inchronizatis ſalua
fidelitate Domini mei Henrici regis Anglo|rum & ſaluae obedientia
ex parte mea tenẽda,The tenour of the profeſsion
vvhiche the Archb. of York made vnto the Archbishop of
Canterbury. quã Thomas anteceſſor meus ſanctae Romanae
eccleſiae ex part [...] ſua profeſſus est.
The Engliſh wherof is thus.
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1
I Thomas to be conſecrated Metropolitane Archbyſhop of Yorke profeſſe my
ſubiection and canonicall obedience vnto the holy Church of Canterburye,
and to the primate of the ſame churche canonically elected and
conſecrated, and to hys ſucceſſoures Canonically inthronizate, ſauyng the
faythe which I owe vnto my ſoue|raine lord K. Henry inthronizated, ſauing
the o|bedience to be holden of my parte, which Tho|mas my anteceſſour
profeſſed on his behalfe vn|to the holy churche of Rome.
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1 When this writing was
thus redde, the Bi|ſhoppe of London tooke it, and deliuered it vn|to the
Prior of Canterbury, appoynting him to keepe the ſame as a witneſſe, and
recorde of the thing in tyme to come.
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1
2 Thus was Thomas the
Archebiſhoppe of Yorke conſecrated the .xxvij. in number that had gouerned
that See,1110. and when he was thus conſecrate,
the Popes Legate went vnto York, and there delyuered to the ſame
Archebiſhoppe, the Palle, and ſo hauyng inueſted hym there|with, he departed
and retourned towards Rome as he was appointed. At the feaſt of Chriſtmaſſe
next enſuing, the king helde his courte at Lon|don with greate ſolemnitie.
The Archbiſhop of Yorke prepared to haue ſette the crowne on the kings head,
and to haue ſong the Maſſe afore hym, bycauſe the Archebiſhoppes ſea of
Can|terburye was voyde: But the Biſhop of Lon|don woulde not ſuffer it,
claymyng as hyghe Deane to the ſea of Canterburye to execute that office and
ſo did,Strife betvvixt Bishops. leading the kyng
to the Churche after the maner: but when they ſhould come to ſitte downe at
diner, there roſe eftſoones a ſtryfe betwixte the ſayde two Biſhops aboute
EEBO page image 351 their places, bycauſe the Biſhoppe of London,
for that hee hadde bene ordeyned long before the Archebiſhoppe, and
therefore not onely as Deane to the Sea of Canterburye, but alſo by reaſon
of prioritie, pretended to haue the vpper ſeate. But the King perceyuing
theyr maner, woulde not heare them, but commaunded them out of his houſe,
and to gette them to dynner at their Innes.
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1
An. reg. 11.
Aboute the ſame tyme the cauſe of the ma|ryage of Prieſtes and their keeping of Women come againe into
queſtion, ſo that by the kings commaundement, they were more ſtraightly
for|bidden the companye of women than before in Anſelmes tyme. For after hys
deceaſſe dyuers of them (as it were promiſing to themſelues a newe libertie
to doe that whiche in his lyfe time they were conſtrayned ſore againſt their
willes to forbeare,) deceiued themſelues by their haſtie dealing: For the King being enfourmed ther|of, by the
for [...] of the Eccleſiaſtical lawes com|pelled them to ſtande to and to obeye
the decree of the Counſell holden at London by Anſelme; (as before ye haue
hearde) at the leaſte wyſe in the ſight of men: But if ſo it be (ſayeth
Ead|merus) that the Prieſts attempt to do worſe, as it were to the
condemnation and reproofe of An|ſelmes dooings, lette the charge lighte on
theyr heades, ſithe euery manne ſhall beare his owne burthen: for I knowe (ſayth he) that if forni|catours and
adulterers God ſhall iudge, the abu|ſers of their owne couſyns, (I will not
ſay their owne ſiſters & daughters) ſhal not ſurely eſcape his
iudgement.
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1 Aboute the ſame tyme many
wonders were ſeene and hearde of. The riuer of Trent neare to Notingham, for
the ſpace of a myle ceaſſed to runne the wonted courſe duryng the tyme of
foure and twentie houres, ſo that the chanelle beyng dryed vp, menne might
paſſe ouer too and fro on foote drye
ſhodde.
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1 Alſo a ſowe brought
foorth a Pigge wyth a a face lyke to a man. And a chicken was hatched with
foure feete.
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1 Moreouer a Comete or
blaſing ſtarre appea|red after a ſtraunge ſorte:VVi.
Thorne. Mat. VVest. for ryſing in the eaſt, when it once came
alofte in the firmamente, it kepte not the courſe forwarde, but ſeemed to
goe backewarde, as if it hadde bin retrograde.
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1
Iohn Stow Robert the kings baſe ſon created earle of
Glouceſter.Aboute this ſeaſon the kyng maryed his baſe ſonne Robert vnto the Ladie Maude, daughter and
heire vnto Robert Fitz Ham, and withall hee made his ſayde ſonne Earle of
Glouceſter, who afterwards buylded the caſtels of Briſtow and Cardiffe, and
the Priorie of S. Iames in Briſtowe, where his bodie was buryed.
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1
1111.
An. reg. 12.
In the yeare followyng, the Earle of An|iou named Foulke, enuying the
proſperous e|ſtate of kyng Henrye,
Polidore. The citie of Conſtances taken. and lamentyng
the caſe of Duke Robert, wanne the Citie of Conſtan|ces by corrupting
certain of y
e kings ſubiects in|habiters of the ſame Citie:
The king paſ|ſeth into Nor|mandie. Wherof King
Hen|rye being aduertiſed, paſſed ouer into Norman|die, recouered the ſayd
Citie, puniſhed the of|fendours, and reuenging hymſelf of the Earle,
returned into Englande.
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1 After this reſted there
an other warre to be fi|niſhed,1112. whyche brake
off the kinges ſtudye from heapyng vppe of money in his coffers, whervn|to
he was moſte inordinately giuen,An. reg. 13.
and wher|by hee pinched many ſo ſore, that they ceaſſed not to
ſpeake the worſte of his doings: and na|mely he was euyll ſpoken of, bycauſe
hee kepte ſtill the Archebiſhoppes ſea of Canterburye in his handes,The Archebi|shops ſea of Canterbury in the kings hand
and woulde not beſtowe it of any man, for that he found a ſwe [...]eneſſe in receiuing all the profites and reuenues, whiche belonged
thervnto, during the tyme that it remayned va|cant, whiche was the ſpace of
foure yeares, or thereaboutes.1113 An. reg.
14. In like manner when he was ad|moniſhed to place ſome meete man
in the roome, he woulde ſay, that he was willing to beſtow it, but he tooke
the longer tyme, for that he ment to find ſome ſuch one to preferre therto
as ſhuld not he too far behind Lanfrank & Anſelm in doctrine, vertue
& wiſdome. And ſith there was none ſuche yet to be found, he ſuffred
that ſea to be voide till ſuch coulde be prouined.The
kings ex|cuſe. This excuſe he preten|ded as though he were more
carefull for the pla|cing of a worthie man, than of the gaine that fo|lowed
during the time of the vacation.
1115
An. reg. 15.
Howbeit ere long after, he tranſlated one Richarde biſhop of London
to that Archebiſhoprike, who lyuyng but a little while therin, he gaue the
ſame to one Raulfe, as then Biſhop of Rocheſter, and made him Archbiſhop of
Canterbury,
Eadmerus. being the .25. in order
that ruled y
e ſea: He was elected at Wind|ſor the .26. of April, and on the
.16. day of May he was inſtalled at Canterbury, great preparation being made
for the feaſte, whiche was holden at the ſame. Soone after likewyſe hee
ſente for his Palle to Rome, whiche was brought from Paſ|call, by one
Anſelme, nephewe to the late Arch|biſhop Anſelme.
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1 About whiche tyme
alſo,The Popes au|thoritie not re|garded in
En|glande. the Pope found him ſelfe gr [...]ued, for that his authoritie was no more eſteemed in Englande, for
that no perſons were permitted to appeale to Rome for any maner of cauſes in
controuerſie, and for that withoute ſeeking to obtayne his licence and
conſent, they didde keepe their Synodes and their Councelles touchyng the
order of Eccleſiaſticall buſyneſſe, neyther woulde they obeye ſuche Legates
as he did ſende, nor come to the Conuocations which they helde, In ſomuche
that one Cono the Po|pes Legate in Fraunce hadde excommunicated EEBO page image 352 all the Prieſtes of Normandye, bycauſe they would not come
to a counſell or Synode which they had called. Whervpon the king being
ſome|what troubled herewith, by aduice of his coun|ſell,The bishop of Exceſter ſente to Rome. ſente vnto Rome the Biſhop
of Exceſter, (though he were then blynde) to talke wyth the Pope concerning
that matter.
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1 Not long after this alſo,
dyed Thomas the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke: After whome ſuccee|ded
Thruſtaine,Thruſtayne archb. of York. a man of
a loftie ſtomacke, but yet of notable
learning, who euen at the verye firſte began to contende with Raufe the
Archbi|ſhoppe of Canterbury aboute the title and righte of the primacie: and
though the Kyng aduiſed him to ſtande to the order whiche the late
Arch|biſhops of Yorke had obſerued, he wold not ſtay the matter, ſith he
perceyued that the Archbiſhop Raulfe beyng diſeaſed with ſickneſſe, coulde
not attende to preuente hys doyngs. Thruſtayne therfore conſecrated certayne
Biſhops of Scot|lande,Gilles Aldane bishop of ſaint
Ninian.
and firſt of all Gilles Aldane the elect
Bi|ſhop of Sainct Nynian, who promiſed and toke his othe (as the manner is)
to obeye hym in all thyngs as his primate:
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1
Floriacenſis VVigor [...]eſisThe Citie of Worceſter aboute thys ſeaſon was by chaunce
of fyre almoſte wholly brente
[figure appears here on page 352]
vp and conſumed.VVorceſter brent. Whyche miſle happe bycauſe that Citie adioyneth
neere vnto Wales, was thoughte to bee a ſignification of the troubles to
followe,Polidor. rayſed by the Welchemen: for
they conceyuing an hope of good ſpeede,The VVelche men
inuade the englishe mar|ches. by the good ſucceſſe happened to
them in the warres whyche they hadde with William Rufus, began nowe
to inuade and waſte the Engliſhe
marches. Wherevpon kyng Henry deſirous to tame their hautie ſtomackes,K. Henry en|treth into VVales vvith an armie.
(bicauſe it was a griefe to him ſtill to be vexed with ſuche tumultes and
reyſes as they dayly procured) aſſembled a myghty ar|mye, and goeth into
Wales: And bycauſe hee knewe that the Welchemen truſted more to the
aduauntage of the Woddes and Mountayns, than to theyr own ſtrength, he beſet
all the pla|ces of theyr refuge wyth armed men, and ſente into the wooddes
certayne bandes of menne to beate downe the ſame, and to hunte out theyr
e|nimyes.
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1 The Souldiours in like
maner for their parts needed no exhortation: for remembryng the loſ|ſes
ſuſteyned afore tyme, at the Welchmennes handes, they ſhewed well by theyr
freſhe pur|ſuite, howe muche they deſyred to bee reuenged of them, ſo that
the Welchemen were ſlayne on eche hande, and that in greate numbers, tyll
the Kyng perceyuyng the huge ſlaughter, and that the Welchemenne hauyng
throwne awaye theyr armour and weapons, ſoughte to ſaue themſelues by
flyghte, commaunded the Souldiours to ceaſſe from kylling, and to take the
reſidue that were left pryſoners, if they wold yelde themſelues, which they
didde, and beſought the kyng of his mercie and grace, to pardon and forgiue
them.
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1 The king thus hauing
vanquiſhed and ouer|come the Welchemen,Garniſons pla|ced
in VVales by king Henry Floriacenſis VVigorniẽſis
placed garniſons in ſun|drie Townes and Caſtells, where he thoughte
moſte neceſſarie, and then returned to London wyth greate triumph: Whyther
came ſhortely after, Ambaſſadours from the Emperoure, re|quyring
[figure appears here on page 352] the Kynges daughter fianced (as before ye haue
hearde) vnto hym, and (beeyng nowe able to companye with hir huſbande) theſe
Am|baſſadours came from hym, deſyring that ſhee myght be deliuered vnto
them.
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1
2
3 Kyng Henry hauing hearde theyr suite, and willing with speede to
performe the same, A ſubſidie ray|ſed by the king to
beſtovve vvith his daugh+ter. H. Hunt. Polidore
reysed a great taxe among his subiectes, rated by euerye hyde of
land which they held, and takyng of eche one.iij.s.towards the payment of
the money, which was couenanted to bee giuen wyth hir at the tyme of the
contracte, which when the King had leuyed with muche more towards the
charges to be employed in sending hir foorth, he appointed certaine of his
greates peeres to haue the conduct of hir vnto hir husbande, who wyth
all
EEBO page image 353 all conuenient speede conueyed hir into Germany,
The King go|eth ouer into Normandy. and in very
honorable manner there deliuered hir vnto the foresayd Emperoure. After
thys, the King wente into Normandy, and there created his sonne William Duke
of that countrey, causing the people to sweare him fealtie, and promise
faythfull obedience vnto him, whereof rose a custome, that the Kyngs of
Englande from thensfoorth so long as Normandy remayned in theyr handes made
euer their eldest sonnes Dukes of that
countrey. When he had done this with other his business in Norma(n)dy, he
returned into Englande. After whych and about the fifteene day of October,
the Sea so decreased and shranke from the old accustomed water markes and
coastes of the land here in this Realme,
Wonders. VVil. Thorne that a man myghte haue passed on
foote ouer the sands and washes, for the space of a whole daye togither, so
that it was taken for a great wonder. It was also noted, that the mayne
Riuers which by the tides of the sea vsed to ebbe and flow twice in .24.
houres, became so shallow, yt in many places men might
goe ouer them without daunger, and namely the Riuer of Thames was so lowe
for the space of a day and a nighte, that Horses, men, Simon Dun. Ran. Higd. Math. VVeſt. and children passed ouer it
betwixt London bridge and the Tower, and also vnder the Bridge the water not
reaching aboue their knees. Moreouer, in the moneth of Dece(m)ber, ye aire appeared redde,
1115
An. reg. 16.
as though it had brenned. In like manner, the Winter was very
extreme colde with Frosts, by reason wherof at y
e
thawing and breaking of the ise, the most parte of all the bridges in
England were broken and borne downe. Soone after,
1116
An. Reg. 17.
Griffine ap Ryce tooke a great pray and bootie out of the countreys
subiect to the King within the limits of Wales,
[figure appears here on page
353] and brenned the Kings Castels,
Griffin ap Rice doth
much hurt on the merches. bycause he wold not restore diuers such
lands and possessions vnto him as apperteined to his father Rees or Rice.
Howbeeit, the King not withstanding
this businese,
Polidor. beeing otherwise not
troubled with anye other warres or weighty affaires deferred his voiage into
those quarters, and first called a Counsell of his Lordes both spirituall
and temporall at Salisburie on the ninteenth day of March, in the which,
many things were ordeyned for the welth and quiet state of the land: and
firste bee sware the Nobilitie of the Realme, that they should be true
to him and his sonne William after his
deceasse. Secondly, he appeased sundry matters then growing in controuersie
betwixt the Archbishops of Yorke and Canterbury, whiche had depended long in
strife, and could not as yet be ended: for the ambitious Thrustayne woulde
not stande to anye decree or order therein, excep he might haue had his
will, so that the K. taking displeasure with him, for suche his obstinate
demeanor, commaunded him eyther to be conformable to the decree made in
Lanfrankes time,
Thruſtayne refuſeth to o|bey the kings
pleaſure. Edmerus
or else to renounce his myter, which to do, rather than to
acknowledge any subiection to the Archbishop of Canterbury, hee seemed to be
very willing at the firste, but afterwards he repented him of that which he
had sayd in that behalfe, so that when the Counsell was ended, and the K.
went ouer into Normandy, hee followed, trusting by some meanes to perswade
the King that hee mighte haue his furtherance to be consecrated, without
recognising any obedie(n)ce to the See of Caunterbury: but the King would
not heare on that side, and so the matter rested lo(n)g in sute as after
shall appeare. Heereof may it appeare as saith Polidore, how the bishops in
those dayes began to be blinded with couetousnesse and ambition, not
considering how it apperteyned to their duties in despising suche worldly
pompe, as
the
EEBO page image 354 the people regardeth, only to studie for the health of
mans soule.
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1
2
The firſt vſe of Parliamẽts in England.Here is to
be noted, that before this tyme, the Kings of Englande vſed but ſeldome to
call to|gither the eſtates of the Realm after any certaine manner or
generall kind of proceſſe, to haue theyr conſents in matters to be decreed,
but as ye Lords of the priuie counſel in our time do ſitte only whẽ
neceſſitie requireth, ſo did they whenſoeuer it pl [...]|ſed the K. to haue any conference with them, ſo that from this Henry it may be thought the firſte vſe of
the Parliament to haue proceeded, whyche ſith that time hath remayned in
force, and is fre|quented vnto our times, in ſo much, that whatſo|euer is to
be decreed apperteyning to the ſtate of ye common wealth and conſeruatiõ
thereof, is now referred to that Counſell: and furthermore, if any thing be
appointed by the King or any other per|ſon to be vſed for the welth of the
Realme, it ſhal not yet bee receiued as lawe, till by authoritie of
this aſſembly it bee eſtabliſhed: and
bycauſe the houſe ſhoulde not be troubled with the multitude of vnlearned
Comoners, whoſe propertie is to vnderſtand little reaſon, and yet to
conceiue well of their owne doings. There was a certayne or|der taken, what
maner of Eccleſiaſticall perſons, and what number and ſorte of temporall
menne ſhuld be called vnto the ſame, and how they ſhuld be choſen, by voyces
of free holders, that being as atturneys for their Countreys, that whiche
they confeſſed or denyed, ſhould bind the
reſidue of the Realme to receiue it as a law. This Counſell is called a
Parliament by a French word, for ſo the Frenchmen call their publique
aſſemblies.
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1
2
3
4
The manner of the Parlia|mẽt in EnglãdThe manner
of their conſulting here in Eng|land in their ſayd aſſemblies of Parliament
is on this wiſe, Wheras they haue to entreate of mat|ters touching the
commoditie both of the Prince and of the people, that euery man may haue
free libertie to vtter what he thinketh, they are apoin|ted to ſit in ſeuerall chambers, the King, the
Bi|ſhops, and Lords of the Realme ſit in one cham|ber to conferre togither
by themſelues, and the comoners called Knightes for the Shires, Citi|zens of
Cities, and burgeſſes of good townes in an other. Theſe chooſe ſome wiſe and
eloquente learned man to be their prolocutor or ſpeaker, as they tearme him,
who propoundeth thoſe thyngs vnto them that are to be talked of, and aſketh
e|uery man his opinion concerning the concluſion thereof. In like ſort, when any thing is agreed vppon,
and decreed by them in this place (whiche they call the lower houſe in
reſpect of their eſtate) he declareth it againe to the Lordes that ſitte in
the other chamber called the higher houſe, deman|ding likewiſe their
iudgements touching ye ſame, for nothing is ratified there, except it be
agreede vpon by the conſent of the more part of both thoſe houſes, and when
they haue ſayd theyr myndes thereof, and yeelded their confirmation
there|vnto, the finall ratification of all is referred to the Prince, ſo
that if he thinke good that it ſhall paſſe for a law, he confirmeth alſo by
the mouth of the Lord Chauncellor of the Realme, who is prolo|cutor to the
Lordes alwayes by the cuſtome of that houſe. The ſame order is vſed alſo by
ye Bi|ſhops and ſpiritualtie in their conuocation hou|ſes, for the Biſhops
ſit in one place by themſelues as in the higher houſe, and the Deanes,
Archdea|cons and other procurators of the ſpiritualtie in an other, as in
the lower houſe, whoſe prolocutor declareth to the Biſhops what is agreed by
them. And then the Archbiſhop by the conſent of ye more part of them that
are aſſembled in both thoſe cõ|uocation houſes, ratifieth, and pronounceth
their decrees for lawes, remitting (notwitſtanding) the finall ratification
of them to the temporall hou|ſes, & this is the order of the
lawgeuing of Eng|land, and by ſuch decrees eſtabliſhed by authori|tie of the
Prince, and the Lords ſpirituall & tem|porall, and Commons of this
Realme thus aſ|ſembled in Parliament, conſiſteth the whole force of our
Engliſhe lawes, whiche decrees are called Statutes, meaning by that name
that the ſame ſhould ſtand firme and ſtable, and not be broken without the
conſent of an other Parliament, and that vpon good and greate conſideration.
About this ſeaſon, one Owin which ſome name Prince of Wales, was ſlayne as
Simon Dimelmen. writeth, but by whome, or in what ſorte hee ſhe|weth
not.
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1 In this eighteenth yeare
of Kyng Henryes raigne, on all hallowen day,Simon
Dun. or firſte of Nouem|ber, great lightning, thunder, and ſuche
an hayle ſtorme chaunced, that the people were maruel|louſly amaſed
therewith.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Alſo the thirteenth of
December, there happe|ned a greate Earthquake, and the Moone was turned into
a bloudy colour. But theſe ſtraunge incidents fell about the middeſt of the
nyght.
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1
2 About the ſame time,
Queene Maude, wife to Kyng Henry departed thys lyfe. But now to returne to
other doings. It chaunced vpon occa|ſion of a ſmall matter, that right ſore
and daun|gerous warres followed out of hande, betwixte King Henry, and Lewes
ſurnamed the groſſe King of Fraunce: the beginning of which warre chaunced
vppon this occaſion, Theobalde Earle of Champaigne diſcended of the Erles of
Bloys,
Polidor. Theobald Erle of Cham|paigne. was ioyned in
friendſhippe with Kyng Henry, by reaſon of affinitie that was betwixt them,
(for Stephan the Earle of Bloys married the Lady Adila the ſyſter of Kyng
Henry.) Nowe it hap|pened, that the foreſaid Theobalde had by chance
offended the aforeſaide Lewes, who in reuenge thereof, made ſharp warres
vpon him, but Earle EEBO page image 355 Theobald, truſting vpon ayde
to be ſent from his friends, in the meane time valiantly reſiſted hym, and
at length by reaſon of a power of men whych came to him from king
Henry,Hen. Hunt. he ſore vexed and ſo annoyed
the Frenche King, that hee con [...]ented with Baldwin Earle of Flaunders, and Fouke Earle of Aniou,Foulk Earle of Aniou. by what meanes hee mighte beſt
depriue King Henry alſo of his Duchie of Nor|mandy, and reſtore the ſame
vnto William the ſonne of Duke Robert, vnto whome of right hee ſayd it did belong. Now King Henry hauing
in|telligence of his whole purpoſe, endeuoured on ye other ſide to reſiſt
his attemptes,King Henry paſſeth ouer into Norman|dy to
aſſiſt the Earle of Chã|paigne. and after he had leuied a ſore
tribute of his ſubiects, hee paſſed ouer into Normandy with a great power of
men, and maſſe of money, and there ioyning with Earle Theobalde, they began
to prepare for the warre, purpoſing to follow the ſame euen to the very
vt|termoſt. King Lewis in the meane time ſuppo|ſing that all hope of victory
reſted in ſpeedy diſ|patch of preſente
affayres, determined likewiſe to haue inuaded Normandie vpon the ſudayne,
but after he perceyued that his enimies were al ready, and very well
prouided to reſiſt him, he ſtayed & drew backe a little while, but
in the end he became ſo deſirous to bee doing with K. Henry,The French K. inuadeth Normandy. that ap|proching
neere vnto the confines of Normandy, he made many ſkirmiſhes with the
Engliſhmen, although no notable exployte chaunced betwixte them in that
yeare to make any great accompt of.
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1
2
3
4
5 Here will I leaue the
Kings of England and France ſkirmiſhing and troubling one another, &
ſhew ſomething more of the contention that was betweene the Archbiſhoppes of
Caunterbury and Yorke, to the ende, that their ambitions deſire of worldly
honor, may in ſome reſpect appeare. For about this very time,1117 An. Reg. 18. Anſelme the Popes Legate. The
Biſhop of Canterbury goth to Rome Anſelme that was Nephew to the
Archbiſhoppe Anſelme, came againe from Rome with f [...]ce authoritie to execute the office of the Popes Legate in Englande,
whiche ſeemed a thing right ſtrange to the
Engliſh Cleargie: and therefore the Biſhop of Canterbury to preuente other
inconueniences likely alſo to folowe, tooke vppon him to goe vnto Rome
further to vnder|ſtand the Popes pleaſure cõcerning this matter, and to
require him in no wiſe to abridge or de|miniſh the authoritie and
prerogatiue of his See of Canterbury, whych hitherto vſed to determine all
cauſes riſing in his prouince. Hee came to Rome, but finding not the Pope
there, hee ſente meſſengers with letters
vnto him, as then lying ſicke at Beneuẽto, and obteined a fauourable
an|ſwere, he came to the K. to Roan (when he had left him at his ſetting
forwarde) certifying him howe he had ſpedde in this voiage: the foreſaid
Anſelme was alſo ſtayed by the K. at Roan, and could not be ſuffered to
paſſe ouer into England of all that time, til it might be vnderſtood by the
returne of ye Archbiſhop what the Popes pleaſure ſhoulde bee further in
that matter: ſhortly after whoſe repaire to the King, worde was brought alſo
that Pope Paſchall was departed this life,Pope Gelaſius
ſucceedeth Pope Paſcall. and that Gelaſi|us the ſecond was elected
in his place, the whyche Gelaſius to auoyde the daungers that mighte en|ſue
to him by reaſon of the ſciſme and controuer|ſie betwixt the See of
Rome,1118 An. Reg. 19. and the
Emperour Henry the fifth, came into Fraunce, where hee ly|ued not long, but
dyed in the Abbey of Clugny,Calixtus the ſecond of that
name Pope. & then Calixtus the ſeconde was called to the
Pa|pacie. Thus by the chaunce & chaunge of Popes, the Legateſhip of
Anſelme coulde take no place, although his Bulles permitted him withoute
li|mitation of time certayne, not onely to call and celebrate Synodes for
reformation of miſorders in the Church, but alſo for the receyuing of ſaint
Peters almes to be leuied in England, (in which poynte, Pope Paſchall in his
life time thoughte them in Englande very ſlacke) as by the ſame Bulles more
largely doth appeare. The Archby|ſhop of Caunterbury had already ſtayed
foure or fiue yeares in the parties beyond the Seas, about the matter in
controuerſie betwixt hym & Thru|ſtaine the Archbiſhoppe of Yorke,
who was lyke|wiſe gone ouer to ſolicite his cauſe but where as at the firſt
he could not [...]nd the King in any wiſe agreeable to his minde, yet when the Counſell
ſhould be holden at Rheynes by Pope Calixt, hee ſued at the leaſt wiſe for
licence to goe thyther, but could neyther haue any graunt ſo to do, till he
had promiſed vpon his allegiaunce (whych hee oughte to the King) not to
attempte any [...] thyng there that might be preiudiciall to the Churche of Canterbury
in any manner of wiſe. Neuerthe|leſſe, at his comming thyther, he ſo wrought
with bribes & large giftes, yt the Popes Cou [...] (a thing eaſily done in Rome) fauoured his cauſe, yea ſuch was his
ſucceſſe, that the Pope conſecrated hym with his own hands, although K.
Henry had g [...]|uen aduertiſemẽt to his holineſſe, of ye cõtrouerſie depẽding
betwixt Thruſtain and Raulf ye Arch|biſhop of Caunterbury, requiring him
[...] no wife either to conſecrate Thruſtain himſelfe, or grant licence to
any other perſon to conſecrate hym, for if he did, ſurely for his part he
would baniſh hym out of all the partes of his dominion, whyche ſhould not be
long vndone. But nowe to returne to the purpoſe. In this meane time, the
warres were buſily purſued ſtill betwixt the two Kings of England and
France,1119 An. reg. 2 [...]. The two kings of England and Fraunce ioyne in battel King Henry
hurt in the battell. and a battel was fough|ten betweene them with
great ſlaughter on both ſides, for the ſpace of nine houres, the forewardes
on both parties were beaten downe and ouer|throwen, and King Henry receyued
ſundrye ſtripes on his head by the handes of one Wil|liam Criſpine Countie
de Eureux, ſo as EEBO page image 356 though his helmet were very
ſtrong and ſure, the bloud yet burſt out of his mouth: wherewith hee was
nothing afrayde, but like a fierce Lion layde more earneſtly about him, and
ſtroke downe dy|uers of his aduerſaries,The Earle of
Eureu [...] taken priſoner. namely the ſayde Criſ|pine, which was there
taken priſoner at the kings feete, ſo that his people encouraged with the
high valiancie and noble proweſſe of their Kyng and Chieftayne; at length
opened and ouercame the mayne battell of their enimies, and then ſettyng
vpon the rereward, they ouerthrew the whole ar|my of Fraunce, whych neuer
reculed, but foughte
[figure appears here on page 356] it out euen to the very
vttermoſt.
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1 There dyed and were taken
priſoners in thys fight many thouſands of men. The French king alſo leauing
the field, got him vnto a place called
Andely,Andely. Nicaſium. and the King of
Englande recoueryng a Towne by the way called Nicaſium, whyche the French
Kyng had lately wonne, returned vn|to Rouen, where hee was with great
triumph re|ceyued, and highly commended for hys noble vic|tory thus
achieued.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Mat. Paris. Ia. Meir.The Erle of Flaunders (as
ſome wright) was ſo wounded in this battell, that hee dyed thereof, but
other affirme, that comming into Norman|dy in the yeare laſt paſt to make
warre agaynſte Kyng Henry in fauour of K.
Lewis, he wanne the Towne of Andeley, and an other whiche they name
Aquae Nicaſij, but as he was come before the Towne of Augen in
the moneth of Septem|ber, and aſſayled the ſame, hee receyued a mortall
wounde in his head,The Earle of Flaunders wounded. He
departed t [...]s life. F [...]ke Earle [...] be| [...]e the King [...]
[...]nglandes man. and therevpon returnyng home in the ninth
moneth after, when hee coulde not be cured of his hurt, hee departed this
life at Roſilare the ſeuententh day of Iune.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Shortly after, Fouke
Earle of Aniou that be|fore had ayded the
Frenche Kyng againſt Kyng Henry, became now Kyng Henries friend by ali|ance,
marying his daughter vnto William King Henries eldeſt ſonne, but the Frẽch
King as their hiſtories make mention, minding ſtill to be reuẽ|ged of Earle
Theobald, inuaded his countrey a|ga [...]ne with a puiſſant army and had deſtro [...]ed the Citie of Chartres which belonged vnto the ſame Earle, had not
the Citizens humbled themſelues to his mercy: and ſo likewiſe did the Erle
as may be thought. For in the warres which immediatly followed betwixte
Lewis and the Emperoure Henry, the Earle ayded the French King againſt the
ſame Emperoure to the vttermoſt of his po|wer. Soone after this, the Kyng
came to an en|teruiew with Pope Calixtus at Giſors, where many matters were
talked of betwixt them:The King and the Pope come to an
enteruew at Giſors. a|mongſt other, the Kyng required of the Pope
a graunt of all ſuche liberties as his father enioyed within the limittes of
Englande and Norman|dy; and chiefly, that no Legate ſhoulde haue any thyng
to doe within Englande; except hee requi|red to haue one ſente to hym for
ſome vrgente cauſe.
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1
2
3
4
5
6 All whyche matters beeing
determined as the ſtate of the tyme preſente required,The
Pope is a ſutor for Thruſtayne. the Pope be|ſoughte the Kyng to
bee good vnto the Archby|ſhop Thruſtayne, and to reſtore hym to his See, but
the Kyng confeſſed that he had vowed neuer ſo to doe whyleſt hee lyued,
wherevnto the Pope aunſwered, that hee was Pope,The Pope
of|fereth to diſ|charge the K. of his vowe. and by his Apo|ſtolike
power hee woulde diſcharge hym of that vowe if he woulde ſatiſfie hys
requeſt. The kyng to ſhifte the matter off, promiſed the Pope that hee
woulde take aduice of his Counſell, and ſignifye to hym further as the cauſe
required, and departyng from thence,
Edmerus The kings an|ſwere ſent to the Pope. dyd
afterwards vp|pon farther deliberation ſend to hym this meſſage in effect as
followeth:
Where as hee ſayth hee is Pope, and will (as he ſayd) aſſoyle
me of ye vowe EEBO page image 357 whiche I haue made, if contrary
thereto I will reſtore Thruſtane to the See of Yorke. I thinke it not to
ſtand with the honor of a King, to con|ſent in any wiſe vnto ſuch an
abſolution: for who ſhall beleeue an others promiſe heereafter, if by
mine example he ſee the ſame ſo eaſily by an ab|ſolution to bee made
voyde? but ſith hee hathe ſo great a deſire to haue Thruſtaine reſtored,
I ſhal be contented at his requeſt, to receyue him to hys ſee,Simon Dun. Edmerus. with this condition, that he
ſhal acknowledge his Church to be
ſubiect vnto the See of Caun|terbury as his predeceſſours haue done
before him, although in fine this offer would not ſerue the turne.
But now to returne againe to the two Princes. Not long after the departure
of y
e Pope from Giſors,
1120
Sim. Dunel. An. Reg. 21.
The Kings of England and Fraunce are accorded. VVil. Mal.
Fouke Erle of Aniou foũd meanes to make an agreement betwixt King
Henry, and King Lewis, ſo that William ſonne to Kyng Henry, did homage vnto
King Lewes for the Duchie of Normandy. And further it was ac|corded
betweene them, that all thoſe that
hadde borne armor eyther on the one ſide or the other, ſhould be pardoned,
whoſe ſubiectes ſoeuer they were.
Edmerus. In like
maner, Raulfe the Archbiſhoppe of Caunterbury returned into Englande, after
hee had remayned long in Normandy, bycauſe of y
e controuerſie betwixt him
& Thruſtaine y
e Arch|biſhop of Yorke as is aforeſaid. And ſhortly
after his returne to Caunterbury,
Alexander K. of
Scottes. there came meſſen|gers with letters from Alexander K. of
Scotlãd vnto him, ſignifying, that where
the See of the Biſhopricke of S. Androwes was voyde, the ſame K. did
inſtantly require him to ſende ouer Edmer a Monke of Caunterbury (of whome
he had heard great commendation for his ſufficien|cy of vertue and learning)
to be placed Biſhoppe in that See. This Edmer is the ſame whyche wrote the
hiſtory entituled
Hiſtoria nouorum in Anglia, out of the whiche as
may appeare, wee haue gathered y
e moſt part of that which we haue
here written of Anſelme and Raulf
Archbiſhops of Canterbury,
Edmer An|ſelmes
Diſci|ple. in whoſe dayes he liued, and was Anſelmes Diſciple. The
Archbiſhop Raulf was contented to ſatiſfie the requeſt of King Alexan|der in
that behalfe, and ſo obteyning the conſente of K. Henry withall, hee ſente
the ſayd Eadmer into Scotlande with letters of commendation vnto the ſaid K.
Alexander, the whiche receyued him right ioyfully, and ſo the third day
after hys comming thither, beeing the feaſt of the Apoſtles Peter & Paule, hee was elected Archbiſhop
of S. Androwes by the Cleargie and people of y
e land, to the greate
reioycing of Alexander, and the reſt of the nobilitie. The next day after
alſo, the king talked with him ſecretly of his conſecration, and vttered to
him how he had no mind to haue hym conſecrated at the hands of Thruſtayne
Archbi|ſhop of Yorke, in which caſe when he was enfor|med by the ſaid Edmer,
that no ſuch thing neded to trouble his mind, ſince the Archbiſhop of
Can|terbury being primate of al Britaine, might cõ|ſecrate him as reaſon
was, hee coulde not away with that anſwere, bycauſe he woulde not heare that
the Church of Canterbury ſhould be prefer|red before the Church of S.
Androwes: whervpõ he departed from Eadmer in diſpleaſure, and cal|ling one
William ſometime Monke of S. Ed|mondſbury vnto him, a man alſo that hadde
go|uerned or rather ſpoyled the Churche of S. An|drow in the vacation, he
cõmaunded him to take vpon him the charge thereof againe, meaning vt|terly
to remoue Edmer as not worthy of y
e rome, howbeeit, within a moneth after,
to ſatiſfie the minds of his nobles,
Edmer recey|ueth his
ſtaffe frõ an aulter. he called for the foreſaid Ed|mer,
& with much adoe got him to receiue y
e ſtaffe of y
e Biſhopricke,
taking it from an aulter wher|on it lay (as if he ſhuld receiue that
dignitie at the hands of the Lord) whereby he was inueſted, and went
ſtraight to S. Androwes Church where he was receyued by the Q. and the
ſchollers, and all the people, for their true & lawful Biſhop. In
this meane while, Thruſtain, not ſlacking his ſute in the Popes Court,
obteyned ſuche fauour, and the K. of England alſo was ſo laboured vnto, y
t
hee wrote thrice letters vnto y
e K. of Scotland, & alſo once vnto
y
e Archb. of Canterbury, that neyther the K. ſhuld permit Edmer to be
cõſecrated, nor the Archb. of Caunt. in any wiſe conſecrate hym if he were
therevnto required. Heerevpon it came to paſſe, y
t finally Edmer, after he
had remayned in Scotland twelue monethes, or thereaboutes, &
perceiued that things went not as he would haue wiſhed, for y
t he could not
get y
e Kings conſent y
t he ſhould be cõſecrate of the Archbiſhop of
Can|terbury as it was firſt meant both by the Archbi|ſhop and Edmer, he
departed out of Scotland, & returned againe to Canterbury, there to
take fur|ther aduice in al things as cauſe ſhuld moue him. In like maner, K.
Henry hauing quieted his bu|ſines in Fraunce, returned into England,
King Henry returneth into Englande. where he was
receiued and welcomed home with greate ioy and triumph: but ſuche publike
reioycing la|ſted not long with him, but was chaunged into a general
mourning by aduertiſement giuen of y
e death of y
e kings ſonnes,
Ran. Higd. VVil. Mal. Polidor. Math. Paris.
The Kings ſonnes and his daughter with other nobles are drowned by
Shipwracke.
Williã Duke of Nor|mãdy, and Richard his brother, y
t which
togither with their ſiſter y
e Lady Mary y
t was Coũteſſe of Perch, Richard
Erle of Cheſter, with his bro|ther Otwell y
t was gouernour to Duke Williã,
and the ſaid Erle of Cheſter his wife the Kyngs neece, the Archdeacon of
Hereforde, with Geffrey Riddle, Robert Manduit, and William Bigot, and
diuers other, to the number of an C. and .xl. perſons, beſide fiftie
mariners tooke Ship at Har|flewe, thynking to folow the King, and ſayling
forth with a South winde, their Ship through
EEBO page image 358
negligence of the Marriners which hadde dronke more than was conuenient,
were throwen vpon a Rocke, and vtterly periſhed on the coſt of Eng|land,
vpon the .25. of Nouember, ſo that of all the
[figure appears here on page
358]
company, there eſcaped none but one
Butcher, who catching hold of the maſt, was driuen with the ſame to the
ſhore which was at hande,
VVil. Mal. and ſo ſaued
from that daungerous Shipwracke. Duke William might alſo haue eſcaped very
wel, if pi|tie had not more moued him than the regarde of his owne
preſeruation. For being gotten into the Shipboate, and launching forth
toward the lãd, hee hearde the ſkriking of his ſiſter now ready to ſtriue
with death, wherevppon hee commaunded them
that rowed the boate to turne backe to the Shippe, and to take hir in, but
ſuche was the preaſe and number of them that ſtroue to leape in with
hir,
VVil. Mal. Math. Paris. when the boate
came, that it ſtraight wayes ſanke to the bottome, and ſo was hee drowned,
with all thoſe that were already in the ſame.
[figure appears here on page 358]
This end had the Kings
ſonne William.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 K. Henry being thus
depriued of iſſue to ſucceed him, did not a little lamẽt that infortunate
chãce: but yet to reſtore that loſſe ſhortly after,
1121
An. Reg. 22.
to witte, the tenth of April next enſuing, he married his ſe|cond
wife named Adelicia,
Edmerus. Hen. Hunt. a Lady of
excellente beautie, and noble cõditions, daughter to y
e Duke of
Louayne,
The King marieth a|gaine. Edmerus:
and diſcended of the noble Dukes of Loraine, howbeit he coulde neuer
haue any iſſue by hir. The Archbiſhop Truſtin after the maner that men
obteyne ſuites in the Court of Rome, got ſuch fauour at the hãds of Pope
Calixt, that finally,
The Pope writeth to K. Henry, in
fa|uour of the Archbiſhop Thruſtain, and accurſeth him with the
Arch|biſhop of Canterbury. the ſaid Pope directed his letters as
wel to King Henry, as to Raulfe Archbiſhop of Can|terbury, by the tenor
whereof hee accurſed them both, and enterdited as wel the prouince of Yorke
as Canterbury, from the vſe of all maner of Sa|craments and other diuine
ſeruice, the Baptiſme of Infantes, and penance of them that dyed, only
excepted, if the Archbiſhop Thruſtayn were not ſuffered within one moneth
nexte after the re|ceipt of thoſe letters to enioy his See, withoute
compelling him to make any promiſe of ſubiectiõ at all. The Kyng to be out
of trouble, permitted Thruſtayn to returne into the Realme, and ſo to
repaire vnto Yorke, but ſo as he ſhould not exer|ciſe any iuriſdiction out
of his owne dioceſſe, as Metropolitane, till he had confeſſed his obſtinate
error, and acknowledged hys obedience to the Church of Canterbury.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Whileſt theſe thyngs were
thus a doyng, King Henry was aduertiſed that the Welchmẽ breaking the
peace,The Welch|men make ſturres. Simon Dun.
The King reyſeth an ar|my, to goe a|gainſt the Welchmen. dyd muche
hurt on the mar|ches, and ſpecially, in Cheſſhire, within the whi|che they
had burnt two Caſtels. He therefore meaning to bee reuenged on them, and
that euen to the vttermoſt, aſſembled an army out of all the parties of his
Realme, and entred with the ſame into Wales, but the Welchmen hearing that
the Kyng was come with ſuche puiſſance to in|uade them, they waxed afrayde,
and inconti|n [...]ntly ſent to hym Ambaſſadours to beſeech hym of pardon, and to graunt
them peace. The Kyng
[figure appears here on page 358] moued with their humble
pet [...]s, tooke hoſta|ges of them, and pardoned theyr miſdoings for that
tyme,The Welch|men ſew for peace. conſidering
that in following the warre againſt ſuche manner of people, there was EEBO page image 359 more feare of loſſe than hope of gayne.More doubt of loſſe than hope of gayne, by the warres
againſt the Welchmẽ But yet to prouide for the quiet of his
ſubiects whiche in|habited neere to the merches, that they ſhould not bee
ouerrunne and harried dayly by them, as of|tentymes before they hadde bin,
he appoynted Warine Earle of Shreweſbury to haue the charge of the Merches,
that peace mighte bee the better kept and maynteyned in the Countrey.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Simon Dun. A Chanel caſt from Torkſey to Lincolne.Soone
after alſo, Kyng Henry cauſed a chan|nell to bee caſt alongſt the countrey
in Lincolne|ſhire, from Torkſey vnto the
Citie of Lincolne, that veſſels myghte haue paſſage out of the Ri|uer of
Trente vnto the ſame Citie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Moreouer, Raufe Byſhoppe
of Durham be|ganne to builde the Caſtell of Norham,Norham
Ca|ſtell built. H. Hunt.
vpon the banke of the Riuer Tweede.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 At thys tyme likewiſe
Fouke Earle of An|iou being nowe come out of the holy lande (whi|ther he
wente, after the peace was made betwixte Kyng Henry and the Frenche King)
beganne to pike a quarrell againſte Kyng
Henry, for with|holdyng the ioynture of his daughter, whych (as before yee
haue hearde) was married vnto Wil|liam the Kyngs ſonne that was drowned.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Hee alſo gaue hir ſyſter
in marriage vnto William the ſonne of Duke Roberte, aſſigning vnto hym the
Earledome of Mayme to enioy, as in right of his wife.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Polidor.In the meane tyme, Kyng Henry viſited the
North partes of hys Realme, to vnderſtande the ſtate of the Countrey, and to prouide for ye ſure|tie
and good gouernemẽt thereof, as was thought requiſite.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
1122
13. Kal. of Nouember. An. reg. 23.
In the yeare nexte enſuing, the twentith of October, Raulfe the
Archbiſhoppe of Caunter|bury departed thys lyfe, after hee hadde ruled that
See the ſpace of eyght yeares, and then was one William made Archbiſhoppe
there, in num|ber the .28. from Auguſtine.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 Moreouer, Henry the ſonne
of the Earle Bloys that before was Abbot
of Glaſtenbury, was now made Biſhop of Wincheſter, who for his ſingular
bountie, gentleneſſe and modeſtie, was gretly beloued amõg the Engliſhmen.
But to returne againe to the doyngs of the Kyng, it chanced about this tyme,
that the parties beyond the Sea being now voide of a gouernour (as they
ſuppoſe) by meanes of the deathe of the Kings ſonne,
1123
An. Reg. 24. Robert Earle of Mellent rebelleth.
began to ſtur commotions, and ſoone after it came alſo to paſſe,
that Robert Earle of Mel|lent rebelled
againſt the Kyng, who being ſpedily aduertiſed thereof, ſayled forthwith
into thoſe quarters, and beſieged the Caſtell of Ponteaude|mer apperteyning
to the ſayd Earle and toke it. About the ſame tyme alſo,
H. Hunt. the King fortifyed the Caſtell of Roan,
The Caſtell of Roan fortified Mat. Paris.
cauſing a mighty thicke wall, with turrets about the ſame Caſtell to
be buylded for defence thereof.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Likewiſe, he repared and
made ſtrong the Ca|ſtell of Caen, with the Caſtels of Arches, Gy|ſors,
Faleiſe, Argentone, Damfront, Vernon, Ambres, with other, in whiche meane
ſeaſon, the Erle of Mellent deſirous to be reuenged of King Henry, procured
aide where he could get any,
1124
Anno reg. 25 Polidor. Hen. Hunt. Mat. Par.
and ſo with Hugh Earle of Mountfert, he entred in|to Normandy,
waſting and deſtroying y
e Coun|trey with fire and ſworde, thinking ere long
to bring the ſame to his obedience: but the Kyngs Chamberlayne and
Lieutenaunte in thoſe par|ties named William de Tankeruile, being there|of
aduertiſed, layd an ambuſh for them, and trai|ning them within the daunger
thereof, ſet vppon them, and after long fyght, tooke them both priſo|ners
with diuers other, and preſented them both vnto the King, whereby the warres
ceaſſed in that countrey for a time.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 The King hauing in this
manner purchaſed his quietneſſe by the ſword, obteyned ſome reſt, he gaue
hymſelfe ſomewhat to the reformation of his houſe, & amõg other
things which he redreſſed he cauſed al his Knights and men of warre to cut
their heares ſhort, after the manner of the French|men, where as before they
ware the ſame long af|ter the vſage of women. After this alſo,
Math. VVeſt.
1125
An. reg. 26. Iohannes Cre|menſis a Le|gate, ſent into
Englande.
in y
e yeare enſuing, being of Chriſt .1125. a Cardinall named
Iohannes Cremenſis, was ſente into Englande from Pope Honorius the ſecond,
to ſee reforema|tion in certayne poyntes touching the Churche: but his
chiefe errand was to correct Prieſtes, that ſtill kept their wiues with
them. At his firſt com|ming ouer, he ſoiourned in Colledges of Cathe|drall
Churches, and in Abbeys, applying hymſelfe to lucre and wanton pleaſures,
and ſo reaping where he had not ſowed, at length, about the feaſt of the
natiuitie of our Lady, he called a conuoca|tion of the Cleargie at London,
where makyng an Oration, he enueighed ſore agaynſte thoſe of the ſpiritualty
that were ſpotted with any note of incontinent liuing. Many thought
themſelues touched with his wordes, who hauing ſmelled ſomewhat of his
ſecret trickes, that where he was a moſt licentious liuer, and an vnchaſt
perſon of himſelfe, yet he was ſo blinded, that hee could not perceyue the
beame in his owne eyes, whileſt hee eſpied a mote in an other mans, they
thoughte if was not to bee ſuffered, that hee ſhoulde in ſuche wiſe call
other men to accomptes for theyr ho|neſt demeanor of life, which could not
render any good reconing of his own. Wherevpon they wat|ched him ſo
narrowly, that in the euening after he had blowen his horne ſo loude againſt
other men in declaring that it was a ſhamefull vice to ryſe from the ſyde of
a ſtrumpet, and preſume to ſacre the body of Chriſte, hee was taken hymſelfe
in bedde with a ſtrumpet, to hys open ſhame and rebuke: but hee beeyng
reprooued thereof;
EEBO page image 360 alledged this excuſe (as ſome
write) that hee was no Prieſt,
But this ſhuld not ſeeme to
be any [...]aſt ex|cuſe, for Mat. Paris layta that the ſame day he conſe|crated
the Lords body, and therefore he muſt nedes be a Prieſt. but a
reformer of Prieſtes. But to cõ|clude, be beeing thus defamed, got hym
backe to Rome againe from whence he came, without a|ny performance of that,
about which he was ſent hither. But to returne to K. Henry, who whileſt he
remayned in Normãdy, (which was for a lõg time after the apprehenſion of
the two foreſayde Earles) he vnderſtood,
1126
An. Reg. 27.
that his ſonne in law Hen|ry the Emperour was departed this life at
Vtregt the .23. of Maylaſt paſt. Wherevppon hee ſente for his daughter the
Empreſſe to come ouer vnto him into Normandy, and hauing taken order for his
buſineſſe on that ſide the Sea, hee taking hir with him, returned into
England before the feaſt of Saint Michael, where calling a Parliamẽt,
Polidor. he
[figure appears here on page
360] cauſed hir
by authoritie of y
e ſame to be eſtabliſhed as his lawfull heire and
ſucceſſor, with an article of intayle vpon hir iſſue,
An
oth taken by the Lords touching the ſucceſſion to the Crowne. if
it ſhould pleaſe God to ſend hir any at
all. At this Parliament was Da|uid K. of Scotland, that ſucceeded after
Alexan|der the fierce. There was preſente alſo Stephan Earle of Morton, and
Bulleine, and ſon of Ste|phan Erle of Bloys, nephew to K. Henry by his
ſiſter Adela. Theſe two Princes toke chiefly their othe amõgſt other, to
obey the foreſaid Empreſſe as touching hir righte and lawfull clayme to the
Crowne of England:
Stephan Earle of Bolongne the firſt
that offered to receiue the othe. but although Stephã was now y
e
firſt that was ready to ſweare, he became
ſhortly after to be the firſt againe that brake that othe for his owne
preferment: but ſo it commeth oftẽ to paſſe, that thoſe which receiue the
greateſt benefites, do oftentimes ſooneſt forget to be thãk|ful. This
Stephan lately before by his Vncle K. Henries meanes, had purchaſed to get
in marri|age the only daughter and heire of Euſtace Erle of Bolongne,
& ſo after the deceaſe of his father in law, became Earle there: and
further, had goodly poſſeſſions in England giuen him by the Kyng, and yet (as after ſhall appeare) he kept not his
oth nor couenauntes made with King Henry. Some write alſo,
VVil. Malm. that there roſe no ſmall ſtrife betwixte this Earle
Stephan, and Robert Erle of Gloce|ſter, in contending which of them which
ſhoulde receyue this othe. Firſt the one alledging, that hee was a Kings
ſonne, and the other a kings nephew. But to lette theſe things paſſe,
ſhortly after this Par|liamente ended,
1127 K.
Henry held his Chriſtmas at Windſor, where the Archbiſhop of Yorke
Thru|ſtayne in preiudice of the right of William Arch|biſhop of
Canterbury,
Mat. Paris. would haue ſet y
e
Crowne vpon the kings head, at his going to the Church: but he was put backe
with no ſmall reproch,
Strife betwixt the Prelates for
prehemi|nence. and his Chaplayne whome he appoynted to beare his
croſſe before him at his entrance into the Kyngs Chappell, contemptuouſly
and with violence thruſt out of the dores with Croſſe and all by the friends
of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury: and ere long, this vnſeemely contention
betwixt Thru|ſtayne, and the ſayde Archbiſhop of Canterbury grew ſo hote,
that not only both of them, but alſo the Biſhop of Lincolne went vnto Rome
about the deciding of that enuious quarrell. Aboute the ſame time alſo,
Charles Earle of Flaunders that ſucceeded Erle Baldwin,
Polidor. was murthered trayte|rouſly by his owne people: and then
bycauſe hee left no iſſue behind him to ſucceed as his heire, the Frenche K.
Lewis made William the ſonne of Duke Robert Courtebuſe Erle of
Flaunders,
William ſon to Robert Curtehuſe made Earle
of Flaunders. as next couſin in bloud to the ſame Charles. Troth
it is, that by his fathers ſide, this William was deſcended from Earle
Baldwine ſurnamed
Pius, whoſe daughter Maude beeing married vnto
William Conquerour, bare by him the foreſaid Robert Curthuſe, father to this
William, nowe aduaunced to the gouernement of Flaunders, but he wanted not
aduerſaries that were competitors of that Erledome, which ſought to preferre
them
EEBO page image 361 ſelues, and to diſplace hym. King Henry alſo
miſlikyng with the preferment of the ſaid Wil|liã, although he was his
nephew, for y
t he ſuppoſed he would ſeeke to reuenge olde diſpleaſures, if
he might compaſſe to haue the French kyngs aſſi|ſtãce, thought good with
the aduice of his Coun|ſell to prouide agaynſt the worſt, and therevpon he
tooke order for the maintenance of the warre abroade, and the ſupplie of
ſouldiers, and other things neceſſarie to be conſidered of for the ſuretie
of the ſtate of his Realme at home.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 After this bycauſe he was
in diſpayre to haue iſſue by his ſeconde wife about Witſuntide,The Empreſſe Mawde mari|ed to the Earle of Aniou. Ger.
Do.
hee ſent ouer his daughter Mawde the Empreſſe in|to Normandy, that
ſhe might bee maryed vnto Geoffray Plantagenet Earle of Aniou, and in Auguſt
after he followed himſelf, and ſo the mat|ter went forwarde, inſomuche that
the mariage was celebrate betwixt the ſayde Earle and Em|preſſe, vpon the
firſt Sunday in Aprill, which fell
[figure appears here on page 361] vpon the
thirde of the moneth, and in the .27. of
his raigne.
An. reg. 28. Mat. Par.
1128
And in the yeare enſuyng, king Henry meaning to cauſe the French
king to withdrawe his helping hande from his nephewe William Earle of
Flaunders, paſſed forth of Normandy with an armie, and inuading Fraunce
remayned for the ſpace of .viij. dayes, at Hiparde, in as good quiet as if
he had beene within his owne domini|ons, and finally obteyned of the French
king, that which he ſought for, that was his refuſall to ayde his nephew the
ſayde Earle of Flanders. Who at length
contending with other that claymed the Erledome,
An. Reg.
29 la. Meir. chaunced this yeare to be wounded as he
purſued his enimies vnto the walles of a town called Alhuſt, and ſoone after
died of the hurt the xvj. of Auguſt.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
William Earle of Flaunders deceaſeth of a wound.It
was thought that the high felicitie of king Henrie was the chiefe occaſion
of this Earles death, which Erle ment (if he might haue brought his purpoſe
to paſſe, & being once quietly ſet in the dominion of
Flaunders,The fortunate good hap of K. Henry.
to haue attempted ſome great enterpriſe
againſt king Henrie for the reco|uerie of Normandie, and deliuerie of his
father out of priſon. And this was knowne well y|nough to king Henry, who
mainteyned thoſe that made him warre at home, both with menne and
money,William de Hypres. namely William of
Hypres, who tooke vpon him as Regent in the name of Ste|phen Erle of
Bollongne, whome king Henrie procured to make clayme to Flaunders alſo, in
the tytle of his Grandmother Queene Mawde, wife to William Cõqueror. But to
proceed with our Hiſtorie.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 When kyng Henry had ſped
his buſineſſe in Normandy,
1129
Anno reg. 30
where he had remayned a certayne ſpace both about the concluſion and
ſolemniſing of the mariage made betwixt his daughter Maud the Empreſſe, and
the Earle of Aniou, and alſo to ſee the end of the warres in Flaunders, he
now returned into England, where he called a great Councel or Parliament at
London, in Auguſt:
1130
Anno reg. 31 Mat. Par. Polidore
wherin amongſt other things it was decreed, that Prieſtes which
lyued
[...]achaſtly ſhould be puni|ſhed, and that by the kyngs permiſſion, who
herby tooke occaſiõ to ſerue his owne turne, for he regar|ded not the
reformation which the Biſhops tru|ſted (by his plaine dealing) would haue
folowed, but put thoſe prieſtes to their fynes that were ac|cuſed, and
ſuffered them to keepe their wyues ſtyl in houſe with them, which offended
the Biſhops greatly, that would haue had them ſequeſtred a ſunder. After
this Parliament ended, the king kept his Chriſtmas at Worcetour, &
after that his Eaſter at Woodſtocke where a certaine No|ble man named
Geffrey Clinton was accuſed to hym of treaſon. In this .xxxj. yeare of king
Hen|ries raigne, great death and murreyn of cattel be|ganne in this land,
continuing a long tyme ere if
EEBO page image 362 ceaſed, ſo
vniuerſally in all places, that no towne nor village eſcaped free.
VVil. Mal. in nouella hiſtoria. Polidor. Kyng Henry
paſſing ouer into Normãdy, was troubled with certaine ſtraunge dreames or
viſions in his ſleepe: for as he thought, he ſaw a multitude of ploughmẽ
with ſuch tooles as belong to their trade & occupation. After whom
came a ſort of ſouldiers with war|like weapõs: and laſt of all he thought
that he ſaw Biſhops commyng towardes hym with their Croſier ſtaues ready to
fall vpon hym, as they ſhould meane to
deſtroy hym. And when he awa|ked, he would leape forth of his bed, get his
ſword in his hand, and call to his ſeruauntes to come to helpe hym.
Wherevpon aſkyng aduiſe of lear|ned men how to put ſuch fantaſies away, he
was admoniſhed that whileſt he had tyme and ſpace here on earth, he ought to
purge his paſſed offen|ces and ſinnes committed againſt God, with
re|pentance, almes deedes, and abſtinence: he there|fore being herewith
moued, began to practiſe an amendement of
his former lyfe.
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1
2
3
4
Polidor.About the ſame tyme alſo his daughter Maud
beyng forſaken of hir huſband Geffrey Earle of Anion, came to hir father as
then being in Nor|mandy. What the cauſe was why her huſband put hir from
hym, is not certainly knowen: but the matter belike was not very great, ſith
ſhortly after he receiued hir agayne, and that of his owne accorde. Alſo
during the time that king Henrie remayned in Normandie, it chaunced that
Pope Innocent the ſecond came into Fraunce
to auoid the daunger of his enimies: and holding a Coun|cell at Cleremont,
he accurſed one Peter Fitz Leo which had vſurped as Pope, and named himſelfe
Anaclerus.
1131
An. Reg. 32. King Henrie and Pope In|nocent meet at
Chartres.
After breaking vp of the ſame Coun|cell at Cleremont, he came to
Orleance, and then to Charters, meeting king Henrie by the way, who offred
to the Pope all that lay in his power, to mainteyne his cauſe againſt his
enimies, for the which the Pope gaue the king great thankes: and ſeeming as though he had bin more carefull for
the defence of the cõmon cauſe of the chriſtian publike wealth than for his
owne, he exhorted K. Henrie to make a iourney into the holy lande a|gainſt
the Sarazens and enimies of the Chriſti|an religion.
VVil.
Malm. In this enterview betwixt the Pope and the king, the Romains
were moued to mar|uell greatlye at the wiſedome and ſharpneſſe of wit which
they perceyued in the Normans. For king Henrie to ſhew what learning
remayned a|mongſt the people of the weſt
part of Europe, cauſed the ſonnes of Robert Erle of Melent,
The ſonnes of Robert Erle of Meient praiſed for their
lear|ning. to argue and diſpute in the pointes and ſubtill
ſo|phiſmes of Logike, with the Cardinals and other learned chaplayns of the
Pope there preſent, the which were not abaſhed to cõfeſſe that there was
more learning amongeſt them here in the weſt partes, than euer they heard or
knew of in their owne countrey of Italy. King Henrie after thys returned
into Englande,
King Henrie returneth into England.
and vpon the ſea was in daunger to haue bin drowned by tempeſt: ſo that
iudging the ſame to bee as a warning for him to amend his life, he made many
vowes, and after his landing, went to S. Edmondſburie in Suf|folk to do his
deuotions vnto the ſepulchre of that king. At his cõming from thence alſo,
being well diſpoſed towardes the reliefe of his people, he leſſe|ned the the
tributes and impoſitions, and did iu|ſtice aſwell in reſpect and fauor of
the poore as of the rich.
1132
An. reg. 33.
And ſoone after, Geffray Earle of Aniou had iſſue by his wife the
Empreſſe, a ſon named Henrie, who (as before is ſayd) was after king of
England: for his grandfather king Henry hauing no iſſue male to ſucceed him,
cauſed the Empreſſe and this Henry hir ſonne to be eſtabliſhed heyres of the
realme. All the nobles and other eſtates eft|ſoones taking an othe to be
their true and faithfull ſubiects.
1133
An. reg. 34. Mat. Par. Hen. Hunt. Prior of Saint
Oſwold as VVil. Thorne hath, and likewiſe Mat. Paris.
Mat. VVeſt.
After this king Henrie kept his Chriſt|maſſe at Dunſtable, &
his Eaſter at Woodſtocke.
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1
2 In the ſame yere alſo (or
as ſome haue in the beginning of the yere precedent) or as other haue in the
yeare following, king Henrie erected a Bi|ſhops ſea at Carleil, in which one
Arnulfe or ra|ther Athelwoolfe, that before was Abbot of Saint Bothoulfs,
& the kings confeſſor, was the firſt bi|ſhop that was inſtituted
there. Who immediate|ly after his conſecration placed regular Canons in that
Church. And not long after, or rather be|fore (as by Wil. Mal. it ſhould
ſeeme) king Henry paſſed ouer into Normandie, from whence nowe this being
the laſt time of his going thither, he ne|uer returned aliue. And as it fel
forth he tooke ſhip to ſaile on this laſt iorney thither, the ſame day in
which he had afore time receiued the crowne.A greate
eclipſe On which day falling vpon the wedneſday, a won|derfull
Eclipſe of the Sunne and Moone appea|red beyond the common courſe, inſomuch
yt Wil. Mal. whiche then liued, writeth that he ſawe the ſtarres plainly
about the ſunne, at the verie time of that Eclipſe.
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1 On the Fryday after there
chaunced ſuch an earthquake here in this realme alſo,An
earthquake that manye houſes & buyldings were ouerthrowne
therewith.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This Earthquake was ſo
ſenſible, or rather ſo viſible, that the wall of the houſe in the which hee
then ſat was lift vp with a double remoue, and at the third it ſatled it
ſelfe againe.
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1
2 The Eclipſe chaunced on
the ſeconde of Au|guſt, the king taking ſhip the ſame day to goe o|uer into
Normandie, and the earthquake was vpon the Friday next after. Moreouer the
verie ſame time alſo fire braſt out of certain riffes of the earth, in ſo
huge flames, that neither by water nor otherwiſe it could be quẽched. In
the .xxxiiij. yere of his raigne, his brother Robert Courtchuſe de|parted
this life in the Caſtell of Cardiffe
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1
2
EEBO page image 363It is ſayde that on a feſtiuall day king Henrie put
on a Robe of Scarlet,Mat. Paris. Mat. VVest. An. reg.
35. the cape whereof being ſtrayte, hee rente it in ſtryuing to
put it ouer hys heade: and perceyuing it would not ſerue him, he layde it
aſide and ſayde. Let my brother Robert haue this garment, who hath a ſharper
head thã I haue. The which when it was brought to Duke Robert,The deceaſſe of Robert Courtchuſe. the rent place
being not ſewed vp, he per|ceyued it, and aſked whether any man had worne it
before. The meſſenger tolde the whole matter, how it happened. Herewith Duke Robert tooke ſuch a griefe
for the ſcornefull mocke of his bro|ther, that he waxed wearie of his life,
and ſayde: nowe I perceyue I haue liued too long, that my brother ſhall
clothe me like his almes man with his caſt rent garmẽts. And thus curſing
the time of his natiuity, refuſed from thenceforth to eate or drink,
& ſo pined away, & was buryed at Glouce|ſter. King Henrie
remayning ſtill in Normandy, rode rounde about a great part of the countrey,
ſhewing greate loue and curteſie vnto
the people, ſtudying by al meanes poſſible to winne their fa|uours, by vſing
them curteouſly, & ſhewing him|ſelfe glad and merie amongeſt them,
though no|thing reioyced hym more than that his daughter Mawde the Empreſſe
at the ſame time was de|liuered of hir ſeconde ſonne named Geoffray, ſo that
he ſawe himſelfe prouided of an aſſured ſuc|ceſſour.
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1
Polidor
1135
An. Reg. 36
But whileſt he thus paſſeth the time in mirth and ſolace, he beganne ſoone after to be ſomewhat
diſeaſed, and neuer coulde perceyue any
[...] cauſe thereof: therefore to driue his griefe away, hee goeth abrode
to hunte, and we
[...]ing ſome|what amended in his health therby as he thought, at his
comming home, he would needes care of a Lamprey,
Math.
VVeſt. Simon Dun. though his phiſition counſelled him to the
contrary: but he delyting moſt in that meat, though it bee in qualitie verie
noyſome to health, woulde not be perſwaded from it, ſo that his ſto|macke
being hurt therewith he fell
immediately into an Ague and ſo died ſhortly after,
King
Henrie departeth this life. the firſt day of December, being as
then aboute .lxvij. yeres of age, and after he had raigned .xxxv. yeres
foure moneths lacking foure dayes.
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1 His bodie was conueyed
into Englande and buryed at Reading within the Abbay Churche which he had
founded, & endowed in his life time with great and large
poſſeſſions.
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1
Math. VVeſt. Ran. Higd. Sim. Dunel.It is written,
that his bodie to auoyde the ſtench which
had infected many men, was cloſed in a Bulles ſkinne, and howe he that
clenſed the heade dyed of the ſauour whiche iſſued out of the brayne.
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1
The iſſue of king Henrie the firſt.He had by his
firſt wife a ſonne named Wil|liam, that was drowned (as ye haue) heard in
the ſea: alſo a daughter named Mawde, whom with hir ſonnes he appoynted to
inherite his Crowne, and other dominions.
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1
2
3
4
5 He had alſo iſſude by one
of his concubines, a ſonne named Richarde, and a daughter named Mary, which
were alſo drowned with their bro|ther William. By an other concubine he had
a ſonne named Robert, that was created Duke of Glouceſter. He was ſtrong of
bodie,His ſtature fleſhie and of an indifferent
ſtature, blacke of heare, and in ma|ner balde before, with greate and large
eyes, of face comely, well countenaunced, and pleaſant to thy beholders,
namely when hee was diſpoſed to myrth. He excelled in three vertues,
wiſedome,His vertues. eloquence, and valiancie,
which notwithſtanding were ſomewhat blemiſhed with the like number of vices
that raigned in him, as couetouſneſſe,His vices.
crueltie, and fleſhly luſt of bodie. His couetouſ|neſſe appeared in that hee
ſore oppreſſed his ſub|iects with tributes and impoſitions. His crueltie was
ſhewed chiefely, in that he kept his brother Robert Courtehuſe in perpetual
priſon and like|wiſe in the hard vſing of his coſin Robert Earle of
Mortaigne, whome he not onely deteyned in priſõ, but alſo cauſed his eies
to be put out: which act was kept ſecrete till the kings death reuealed it.
And his lecherous luſt was manifeſt by kee|ping of ſundrie women.His wiſdome. But in his other affay|res he was
circumſpect, and in defending his own very earneſt and diligent, ſuch warres
as might be auoyded with honourable peace he euer ſought to appeaſe. But
when ſuch iniuries were offred as he thought not meete to ſuffer, he was an
im|pacient reuenger of the ſame, ouercomming al pe|rils with the force of
vertue and manly courage,His manly courage.
ſhewing himſelfe eyther a moſt louing friend, or elſe an extreeme enimie:
for his aduerſaries hee would ſubdue to the vttermoſt, and his friends he
vſed to aduaunce aboue meaſure. And herein he declared the propertie of a
ſtoute Prince: which is Parcere ſubiectis, & debellane
ſuperbos, that is, to bring vnder the proude enimies, and to fauour
thoſe that ſubmit themſelues and ſeeke for mercy. With the conſtant rigour
of iuſtice he ruled the common [...] quietly, and entertayned the Nobles honorably. Theeues,
counterfeyters of money,His zeale to iuſtice. and
other tranſgreſſours he cauſed to bee ſought out with greate diligence, and
when they were found, to be puniſhed with great ſeuerity. Neither did he
neglect reformations of certaine naughtie abuſes. And as one Author hath
written,
Sim. Dunel. Theeues ap|poynted to be hanged. he or|dayned
that theeues ſhould ſuffer death by han|ging. Whẽ he heard that ſuch peeces
of mony as were cracked would not be receyued amongſt the people, although
the ſame were good and fine ſil|uer, he cauſed all the coyne in the Realme
to bee eyther broken or ſ [...]it: he was ſober of diet, vſing to eate rather to quench hunger than
to pamper him ſelfe vp with many dayntie ſortes of banketting diſhes, and
neuer dranke but when thirſt moued EEBO page image 364 him, he woulde
ſleepe ſoundly and ſnore oftenty|mes till he wakened therewith. He purſued
hys warres rather by policie than by the ſworde,His
policie. and ouercame his enimies ſo neare as he coulde with|out
bloudſhed, and if that might not be, yet with ſo ſmall ſlaughter as was
poſſible. To conclude, hee was not inferiour to any of the kings that
reigned in thoſe dayes,His prayſe for his Princely
gouernment. in wiſedome and policie, and ſo behaued himſelfe, that
hee was honou|red of the Nobles, and beloued of the commons. He buylded diuerſe Abbayes both in Englande and in
Normãdie,Reading Ab|bay buylded. but Reading
was the chiefeſt. He alſo buylded the Manour of Woodſtocke, with the Parke
there, in whiche beſide the greate ſtore of Deare, hee appoynted diuerſe
ſtraunge beaſtes to be kept and nouriſhed, whiche were brought and ſent vnto
him from Countreyes farre diſtaunt from our partyes, as Lions, Leo|pardes,
Lynxes, and Porkepines. His eſtima|tion was ſuche amongeſt forrayne Princes,
that fewe woulde willingly offende
him.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Morchav king of Irelande
and his ſucceſ|ſours had him in ſuche reuerence,Morchad
king of Irelande. that they durſt doe nothing but that which he
commaunded, nor write any thing but that whiche might ſtande with his
pleaſure, although at the firſt the ſame Morchad attempted ſomthing againſt
the Eng|liſh men more than ſtoode with reaſon but after|warde vpon reſtraint
of the entercourſe of Mar|chandice, hee was glad to ſhewe himſelfe more
friendly.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
The Earle of Orkney.Moreouer the Earle of Orkney,
although he was the king of Norwayes ſubiecte, yet hee did what hee coulde
to procure king Henries friend|ſhip, ſending vnto him oftentymes preſents of
ſuche ſtraunge beaſtes and other things, in the which he knewe himſelfe to
haue great delyte and pleaſure. He had in ſingular fauour aboue all other of
his Councell,Roger Biſhop of Salisburie. Roger the
Biſhop of Sa|liſburie, a politike Prelate, and one that knewe howe to order matters of great importance, vnto
whome hee committed the gouernment of the Realme moſt commonly whileſt he
remayned in Normandie.
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1 In this Henrie ended the
line of the Normans as touching the heyres male, and then came in the
Frenchmen by the tytle of the heyres generall, after that the Normans had
raigned about .lxix. yeares (for ſo many are accounted from the com|ming of
William Conquerour, vnto the begin|ning of the raigne of king Stephen, who
ſuccee|ded next after this foreſayde Henrie.)
Compare 1587 edition:
1 As well in this kings
dayes, as in the time of his brother William Rufus, mẽ forgetting their
owne ſexe and ſtate, tranſformed themſelues into the habite and fourme of
women, by ſuffring their heares to growe at length, the which they curled
and trimmed verie curiouſly,The abuſe of wearing long
heares. after the maner of Damoſels and yong Gentlewomen: and
ſuche account they made of their long buſhing perukes, that thoſe which
woulde be taken for Courtiers, ſtroue with women who ſhoulde haue the
longeſt treſſes, and ſuch as wanted, ſought to amende it with arte and by
knitting wreathes aboute their heades of thoſe their long and ſide lockes
for a brauerie.
1127
Mat. VVeſt.
Yet we read that king Henrie gaue cõ|maundement to all his people
to cut their heares, about the .28. yere of his reigne. Preachers in deed
inueyed agaynſt ſuch vnſeemely maners in men, as a thing more agreeable for
women, than for their eſtate.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Wil. Mal. reciteth a tale
of a knight in thoſe dayes that tooke no ſmall liking of himſelfe for his
fayre & long heares, but chauncing to haue a right terrible dreame
as he ſlept one night (it ſeeming to him that one was about to ſtrangle him
with his owne heares which he wrapped about his throte and necke) the
impreſſion thereof ſanke ſo deepely into his minde, that when hee awakened
oute of that dreame, he ſtreight wayes cauſed ſo much of his heare to bee
cutte, as might ſeeme ſuperflu|ous. A great number of other in the realme
fol|lowed his cõmendable example, but their remorſe of conſcience herein
that thus cauſed them to cut their heares, continued not long, for they fell
to the like abuſe againe, ſo as within a .xij. monethes ſpace they exceeded
therein as farre paſt all termes of ſeemely order as before.