8.4. At what time William duke of Nor|mandie came ouer into England, king Ed|ward promiseth to make him his heire to the kingdom and crowne, the death of queene Emma, earle Goodwine being growne in fauor againe see|keth new reuenges of old grudges, causing archbishop Robert and certeine noble Normans his aduersaries to be banished; Stigand intrudeth himselfe into archbishop Roberts see, his si|monie and lacke of learning; what maner of men were thought meet to be made bishops in those daies, king Edward begin|neth to prouide for the good and prosperous state of his king|dome, his consideration of lawes made in his predecessours times and abused; the lawes of S. Edward vsuallie called the common lawes, how, whereof, and wherevpon institured; the death of earle Goodwine being sudden (as some say) or natu|rall (as others report) his vertues and vices, his behauiour and his sonnes vpon presumption and will in the time of their authorities; his two wiues and children; the sudden and dreadfull death of his mother; hir selling of the beautifull youth male and female of this land to the Danish people. The fourth Chapter.

At what time William duke of Nor|mandie came ouer into England, king Ed|ward promiseth to make him his heire to the kingdom and crowne, the death of queene Emma, earle Goodwine being growne in fauor againe see|keth new reuenges of old grudges, causing archbishop Robert and certeine noble Normans his aduersaries to be banished; Stigand intrudeth himselfe into archbishop Roberts see, his si|monie and lacke of learning; what maner of men were thought meet to be made bishops in those daies, king Edward begin|neth to prouide for the good and prosperous state of his king|dome, his consideration of lawes made in his predecessours times and abused; the lawes of S. Edward vsuallie called the common lawes, how, whereof, and wherevpon institured; the death of earle Goodwine being sudden (as some say) or natu|rall (as others report) his vertues and vices, his behauiour and his sonnes vpon presumption and will in the time of their authorities; his two wiues and children; the sudden and dreadfull death of his mother; hir selling of the beautifull youth male and female of this land to the Danish people. The fourth Chapter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 _THe foresaide WilliamWilliam duke of Norman|die commeth ouer into England. duke of Normandie (that af|ter conquered this land) du|ring the time of Goodwines outlawrie, [...] to this land with [...] of men, and [...] receiued of the king, [...] great chéere. Now after he had taried a season, here|turned into his countrie, not without great gifts of iewels and other things, which the king most libe|rallie EEBO page image 191 bestowed vpon him. And (as some write) the king promised him at that time, Polydor. K. Edwards promise to duke William. to make him his heire to the realme of England, if he chanced to die without issue. ¶Shortlie after, or rather somewhat be|fore, queene Emma the kings mother died, and was buried at Winchester.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After that earle Goodwine was restored to the kings fauour, bicause he knew that Robert the arch|bishop of Canturburie had beene the chéefe procurer of the kings euill will towards him, he found means to weare him out of credit, and diuers other specially of the Normans, bearing the world in hand, that they had sought to trouble the state of the realme, & to set variance betwixt the king and the lords of the English nation: whereas the Normans againe al|ledged, that earle Goodwine and his sonnes abused the kings soft and gentle nature, & would not sticke to ieast and mocke at his curteous and mild procée|dings. But howsoeuer the matter went, archbishop Robert was glad to depart out of the realme, and go|ing to Rome,The archbi|shop of Can|turburie banished. made complaint in the court there, of the iniuries that were offred him: but in returning through Normandie, he died in the abbeie of Gem|meticum, where he had bene moonke before his com|ming into England.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Diuerse others were compelled to forsake the realme at the same time, both spirituall men and temporall, as William bishop of London, and Ulfe bishop of Lincolne.Normans vanished the realme. Osberne named Pentecost, and his companion Hugh, were constreined to surren|der their castels, and by licence of earle Leosrike withdrew thorough his countrie into Scotland, where, of king Mackbeth they were honorablie recei|ued. These were Normans: for (as partlie ye haue heard) king Edward brought with him no small number of that nation, when he came from thence to receiue the crowne, and by them he was altogither ruled, to the great offending of his owne naturall subiects the Englishmen, namelie earle Goodwine and his sonnes, who in those daies for their great possessions and large reuenues, were had in no small reputation with the English people.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After that Robert the archbishop of Canturburie was departed the realme, as before ye haue heard, Stigand was made archbishop of Canturburie, [...] archbishop of Canturburie. or rather thrust himselfe into that dignitie, not being lawfullie called, in like manner as he had doone at Winchester: for whereas he was first bishop of Shireborne, he left that church, and tooke vpon him the bishoprike of Winchester by force, and now at|teining to be archbishop of Canturburie, Ranul. Hig. Fabian. Stigand in|famed of si|monie. he kept both Winchester and Canturburie in his hand at one instant. This Stigand was greatlie infamed for his couetous practises in sale of possessions ap|perteining to the church. He was nothing learned: but that want was a common fault amongest the bishops of that age, for it was openlie spoken in those daies, that he was méet onelie to be a bishop, which could vse the pompe of the world, voluptuous pleasures,What maner of men méet to be bishops in those daies. rich rament, and set himselfe foorth with a iollie retinue of gentlemen and seruants on horsse|backe, for therein stood the countenance of a bishop, as the world then went; and not in studie how to haue the people fed with the word of life, to the sa|uing of their soules.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 King Edward now in the twelfth yeare of his reigne,Polydor. hauing brought the state of the realme quite from troubles of warre both by sea and land, be|gan to foresée as well for the welth of his subiects, as for himselfe, being naturallie inclined to wish well to all men. He therefore considered, how by the ma|nifold lawes which had beene made by Britaines, Englishmen and Danes within this land, occasion was ministred to manie, which measured all things by respect of their owne priuate gaine and profit, to peruert iustice, and to vse wrongfull dealing in stead of right, clouding the same vnder some branch of the lawe naughtilie misconstrued. Wherevpon to a|uoid that mischiefe, he picked out a summe of that huge and vnmesurable masse and heape of lawes, such as were thought most indifferent and necessa|rie, & therewith ordeined a few, & those most whole|some, to be from thenceforth vsed; according to whose prescript, men might liue in due forme and rightfull order of a ciuill life.The lawes of S. Edward. instituted. These lawes were afterwards called the common lawes, and also saint Edward his lawes; so much esteemed of the Englishmen, that after the conquest, when the Normans often|times went about to abrogate the same, there chan|ced no small mutinies and rebellions for reteining of those lawes. But heere is to be noted, that al|though they were called saint Edwards lawes, they were for the more part made by king Edgar; but now by king Edward restored, after they had bin abrogated for a time by the Danes.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 About this time,1053 or 1054 Hector Boet. Polydor. Will. Malmes. Matth. West. earle Goodwine died suddenlie (as some haue recorded) as he sat at table with the king: and vpon talke ministred of the death of Alfred the kings brother, to excuse himselfe, he tooke a peece of bread, and did eate it, saieng; God let me neuer swal|low this bread downe into my chest, but that I may presentlie be choked therewith, if euer I was weet|ting or consenting vnto Alfreds death! and imme|diatlie therewith he fell downe starke dead. Other say,Ran. Higd. ex Mariano. that he ended his life at Winchester, where being suddenlie surprised with sicknesse, Simon Dun. This is the likeliest tale. as he sat at the table with the king vpon an Easter monday; yet he liued till the Thursday following, and then died. His earledome was giuen vnto his sonne Ha|rold; and Harolds earledome, which was Oxford, was giuen vnto Algar the sonne of Leofrike.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Goodwine, as he was a man of great power, wise, hardie, and politike; so was he ambitious, de|sirous to beare rule, and loth that anie other person should passe him in authoritie. But yet, whether all be true that writers report of his malicious practi|ses to bring himselfe and his sonnes to the chiefe seat of gouernement in the kingdome, or that of hatred such slanders were raised of him, it may of some perhaps be doubted; because that in the daies of king Edward (which was a soft and gentle prince) he bare great rule and authoritie, and so might pro|cure to himselfe euill report for euerie thing that chanced amisse: as oftentimes it commeth to passe in such cases, where those that haue great dooings in the gouernement of the common wealth, are com|monlie euill spoken of, and that now and then with|out their guilt. But truth it is, that Goodwine being in authoritie both in the daies of king Edward and his predecessors, did manie things (as should ap|peare by writers) more by will than by law, and so likewise did his sonnes;Hen. Hunt. vpon presumption of the great puissance that they and their father were of within the realme.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 He had to wife Editha, the sister of king Cnute, of whome he begat thrée sonnes (as some write) that is to say, Harold, Biorne, & Tostie:Polydor. also his daugh|ter Editha, whome he found meanes to bestow in mariage vpon K. Edward,Will. Malm. as before ye haue heard. But other write, that he had but one son by Cnutes sister, the which in riding of a rough horsse was throwen into the riuer of Thames, and so drowned. His mother also was stricken with a thunderbolt, & so perished worthilie (as is reported) for hir naugh|tie dooings. She vsed to buy great numbers of yoong persons, and namelie maids that were of anie ex|cellent beautie and personage, whome she sent ouer into Denmarke, and there sold them to hir most ad|vantage. EEBO page image 192 After hir deceasse (as the same authors re|cord) Goodwine maried another woman, by whome he had issue six sonnes, Swanus or Swaine, Har|rold, Tostie or Tosto, Wilnot, Girth, and Leo|frike; of whom further mention is & shall be made, as places conuenient shall serue thereto.