Online Articles and Further Reading

These Articles are available online via JSTOR

W. F. Bolton Connectives in "The Seafarer" and "The Dream of the Rood" (in Notes and Documents) Modern Philology, Vol. 57, No. 4. (May, 1960), pp. 260-262.

John Canuteson The Crucifixion and the Second Coming in "The Dream of the Rood" Modern Philology, Vol. 66, No. 4. (May, 1969), pp. 293-297.

A.Galloway., 'Dream-Theory in The Dream of the Rood and The Wanderer', RES 45 (1994), 475-85.

Willem Helder The "Engel Dryhtnes" in "The Dream of the Rood" (in Notes and Documents) Modern Philology, Vol. 73, No. 2. (Nov., 1975), pp. 148-150.

Susan Irvine Adam or Christ? A Pronominal Pun in The Dream of the Rood The Review of English Studies, New Series, Vol. 48, No. 192. (Nov., 1997), pp. 433-447.

Richard C. Payne Convention and Originality in the Vision Framework of "The Dream of the Rood" Modern Philology, Vol. 73, No. 4, Part 1. (May, 1976), pp. 329-341.

Howard R. Patch Liturgical Influence in the Dream of the Rood PMLA, Vol. 34, No. 2. (1919), pp. 233-257.

Further Reading

Most of these texts are available in Bodleian, in some cases the English faculty library, or via Inter-Library Loan. To find out their location and availability search online with Oxford University's Online Catalogue (OLIS).

Alexander, M. The earliest English poems / translated and introduced by Michael Alexander. Harmondsworth : Penguin Books, 1977

Amos, A.C. Linguistic Means of detrmining the Dates of Old English Literary Texts. Cambridge (Mass.): Medieval Academy of America 1980

Anderson, Earl R. "Liturgical Influence in The Dream of the Rood", Neophilologus 1989 Apr. v73(2) p293-304

Baird, Joseph L. "Natura Plangens, the Ruthwell Cross and The Dream of the Rood", Studies in Iconography 1984-1986 v10 p37-51

Barb, A. A. "The Wound in Christ's Side", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 1971 v34 p320-1

Berkhout, C.T. "The Problem of Old English 'holmwudu'", Medieval Studies 36, 1985, p.442-46

Boenig, Robert "The 'Engel Dryhtnes' and Mimesis in The Dream of the Rood", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique/Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 1985 v86(4) p442-446

Bolton, W. F. "Tatwine's 'De Cruce Christi' and 'The Dream of the Rood', Archiv 200, 1964, p.344-6

Bolton, W. F."'The Dream of the Rood' 9b: 'engel'= nuntius?", Notes and Queries 1968 v213 p165-6

"The Book of Job in The Dream of the Rood", Mediaevalia: A Journal of Mediaeval Studies 1980 v6 p87-103

Braswell, B.K. "'The Dream of the Rood' and Aldhelm on sacred prosopopoeia", Medieval Studies 40, 1978 p.461-7

Britten, G.C. "'Bealuwara weorc' in the 'Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 68, 1967, p.273-6

Brzezinski, Monica "The Harrowing of Hell, the Last Judgment, and The Dream of the Rood", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique/Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 1988 v89(3) p252-265

Burlin, R.B. "The Ruthwell Cross, 'The Dream of the Rood' and the Vita Contempletiva", Studies in Philology 65, 1968 23-43

Burrow, J.A. "An Approach to the 'Dream of the Rood'", Neophilologus 43, 1959 p123-33. Reprinted in Old English Literature, ed. M. Stevens and J. Mandel, Lincoln, Nebraska 1968, p.253-67

Canuteson, J. "The Crucifixion and the Second Coming in'The Dream of the Rood'", Modern Philology 66, 1969, p.293-7

Cassidy, B. The Ruthwell Cross: Papers from the Colloquium Sponsored by the Index of Christian Art Princeton University 8 December 1989, Princeton University 1992

Chappell, V. A. "Reordberendra Gesyhthe and Christian Mystery: Narrative Frames in The Dream of the Rood", Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 1987 v18 p1-20

Chase, C. L. "'Christ III', 'The Dream of the Rood' and Early Christian Passion Piety", Viator 11, 1980, p.11-13

Cherniss, M.D "The cross as Christ's weapon: the influence of heroic literature on 'The Dream of the Rood'", Anglo-Saxon England 1973 v2 p241-252

Cleland, J.H. "The Art of 'The Dream of the Rood'", Faith and Reaspn 5 no.2, 1979, p.3-25

Crabtree, R. "Ladders and Lines of Connection in Anglo-Saxon Religious Art and Literature", Medieval Literature and Antiquities: Studies in Honour of Basil Cottle, ed. Myra Stokes and T.L. Burton, Cambridge 1987, p.43-53

Curtius, E. R. European literature and the Latin Middle Ages, translated from the German by Willard R. Trask. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1990.

D'Ardenne, S.T.R.O. "The Old English Inscription on the Brussels Cross", English Studies 21, 1939 p.145-64, 271-2

del Mastro, M.L. "'The Dream of the Rood' and the Militia Christi: Perspectives in Paradox", American Benedictine review 27, 1976 p.171-86

Diamond, R.E. "Heroic Diction in'The Dream of the Rood', Studies in Honor of John Wilcox, eds. A.D. Wallace & W.O. Ross 1958, 3-7

Dubs, K.E. "Haeleth: Heroism in 'The Dream of the Rood', Neophilologus 59, 1975 p.614-5

Elliot, R.W.V. Runes: an Introduction, Manchester 2nd ed. 1963

Edwards, R.R."Narrative technique and distance in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Papers on Language and Literature 6 , 1970 p.291-301

Farina, D.P. "'Wædum geweorðod' in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Notes and Queries 1967 v212 p4-6

Farrell, R.T. "The archer and associated figures on the Ruthwell Cross - a reconsideration", Bede and Anglo-Saxon England, ed. R.T. Farrell 1978, p.96-117

"Reflections on the Iconography of the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Crosses", Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture, ed. Paul E. Szarmach 1986, p.357-76

Finlay, Alison "The Warrior Christ and the Unarmed Hero", Medieval English religious and Ethical literature: Essays in Honour of G.H. Russell, eds. Gregory Kratzmann and James Simpson, Cambridge 1986 p.19-29

Finnegan, Robert Emmet "The 'lifes weg rihtne' and 'The Dream of the Rood'", Revue de l'Universite d'Ottawa 51, 1981, p.236-46

"The Gospel of Nicodemus and The Dream of the Rood, 148b-156", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique/ Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 1983 v84(3) p338-343

Fleming, John V. "'The Dream of the Rood' and Anglo-Saxon Monasticism", Traditio 1966 v22 p43-72

Florey, Kenneth "Community and Self in The Dream of the Rood", Connecticut Rev. 1987 Summer v1(1) p23-29

Gatch, Milton McC. "The Harrowing of Hell: a Liberation motif in Medieval Theology and devotional Literature", Union Seminary Quarterly Review 36, 1981, p.74-88

Gradon,P.O.E. Form and Style in Early English Literature (London, 1971), 308-10.

Grant, Raymond J. S. "The Dream of the Rood, Line 63b: A Part-Time Idiom?" Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique/Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 1991 v92(3) p289-95

Grasso, Anthony R., CSC "Theology and Structure in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Religion and Literature 1991 Summer v23(2) p23-38

Graybill, Robert V,. "'The Dream of the Rood': Apotheosis of Anglo-Saxon Paradox", Proceedings of the Illinois Medieval Association, 1984, p.19-37

Hall, J. R. "'Angels . . . and All the Holy Ones': The Dream of the Rood 153b-54a", Amer. Notes & Queries 1986 Jan.-Feb. v24(5-6) p65-68

Haney, Kristine Edmondson "Christ and the Beasts Panel on the Ruthwell Cross", Anglo-Saxon England 14, 1985, p.215-31

Helder, Willem "The 'Engel Dryhtnes' in 'The Dream of the Rood', Modern Philology 1975 v73 p148-50

Hermann, John P. "The Dream of the Rood 19A: Earmra Ærgewin", English Language Notes 1978 v15 p241-244

Hieatt, C.B. "A New Theory of Triple Rhythm in the Hypermetric Lines of Old English Verse", Modern Philology 67, 1969 p.1-8

"Dream Frame and Verbal Echo in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 72, 1971, p.251-63

Hill, Joyce "The Soldier of Christ in Old English Prose and Poetry", Leeds Studies in English n.s.12, 1981, p.57-80

Hill, T.D. & R.T. Farrell, eds. The Anglo-Saxon Cross, 1977

Hill, T.D. "The Theme of the Cosmological Cross in two Old English Cattle Charms", Notes and Queries 25, 1978, p.488-90

Holdsworth, Carolyn "Frames: Time Level and Variation in The Dream of the Rood", Neophilologus 1982 Oct. v66(4) p622-628

Holloway, Julia Bolton "The Dream of the Rood and Liturgical Drama", Comparative Drama 1984 Spring v18(1) p19-37. Reprinted p. 24-42 in Davidson, Clifford (ed.) Stroupe, John H. (ed.) Drama in the Middle Ages: Comparative and Critical Essays: Second Series. New York: AMS; 1990. xi, 389 pp.

Horgan, A.D. "'The Dream of the Rood' and Christian tradition", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 79, 1978, p.11-20

Horgan, Dorothy M. "The Dream of the Rood and a Homily for Palm Sunday", Notes and Queries 1982 Oct. v29 (227)(5) p388-391

Howlett, D. "A Reconstruction of the Ruthwell Crucifixion Poem", Studia Neophilologica 48, 1976 p.54-8

"The Structure of 'The Dream of the Rood', Studia Neophilologica 48, 1976 p.301-6

"Two notes on 'The Dream of the Rood'", Studia Neophilogica 50, 1978, p.167-73

"Inscriptions and Design of the Ruthwell Cross" in The Ruthwell Cross, ed. Brendan Cassidy, Princeton University 1992, p. 71-93

Irving, Edward B., Jr. "Crucifixion Witnessed; Or, Dramatic Interaction in The Dream of the Rood ; Essays in Honour of Stanley B. Greenfield", 101-113 IN Brown, Phyllis Rugg (ed. & introd.) Crampton, Georgia Ronan (ed. & introd.) Robinson, Fred C. (ed.) Stafford, Kim R. (foreword) Modes of Interpretation in Old English Literature. Toronto: U of Toronto P; 1986. xxi, 298 pp.

Irvine, Martin "Anglo-Saxon Literary Theory Exemplified in Old English Poems: Interpreting the Cross in The Dream of the Rood and Elene", Style 1986 Summer v20(2) p157-181

Isaacs, N.D. "Progressive Identifications: the Structural Principles of 'The Dream of the Rood'", Structural Principles in Old English Poetry, Knoxville 1968, p.3-18

Jones, John Mark "The Metaphor That Will Not Perish: 'The Dream of the Rood' and the New Hermeneutic", Christianity and Literature 1989 Winter v38(2) p63-72

Kaske, R. E. A Poem of the Cross in the Exeter Book: 'Riddle 60' and 'The Husband's Message', Traditio 1967 v23 p41-71

Kilpio, Matti "Hrabanus' De Laudibus Sanctae Crucis and The Dream of the Rood, 177-191 IN Kahlas-Tarkka, Leena (ed.) Mustanoja, Tauno F. (introd.) Neophilologica Fennica: Societe Neophilologique 100 ans/Neuphilologischer Verein 100 Jahre/Modern Language Society 100 Years. Helsinki: Soc. Neophilol.; 1987. 591 pp.

King, Anne "The Ruthwell Cross - A Linguistic Monument: Runes as Evidence for Old English", Folia Ling. Hist. 1987 v7(1) p43-79

Kintgen, E.R. "Echoic Repetition in Old English Poetry. Especially 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 75, 1974 p.202-23

Kirkby, I.J. "'The Dream of the Rood': a dilemma of supra-heroic dimensions", Etudes de Lettres, University of Lausanne 4th series 2, no.1 1979, p.3-7

Klinck, Anne L. "Christ as Soldier and Servant in The Dream of the Rood", Florilegium: Carleton University Annual Papers on Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages 1982 v4 p109-116

Lee, A.A "Towards a critique of 'The Dream of the Rood' in Anglo-Saxon Poetry. Essays in Appreciation, eds. L.E. Nicholson & D. Warwick Frese, Notre Dame 1975 p.163-91

Lee, N.A. "The Unity of 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neophilologus 56, 1972 p. 469-86

Lehmann, W.P. & V.F. Dailey The Alliterations of the 'Christ', 'Guthlac', 'Elene', 'Juliana', 'Fates of the Apostles', 'Dream of the Rood', Austin 1960

Leiter, L.H. "'The Dream of the Rood': Patterns of Transformation", in Old English Poetry, ed. R.P. Creed 1967, p.93-127

Le Saux, Francoise "Didacticism in the Dream of the Rood", Etudes de Lettres 1987 v2-3 p167-177

McEntire, Sandra "The Devotional Context of the Cross before A. S. 1000", 345-356 IN Szarmach, Paul E. (ed.) Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture. Kalamazoo: Medieval Inst., Western Michigan Univ.; 1986. xii, 457 pp.

McPherson, Clair W. "Spiritual Combat: the 'Dream of the Rood' and the new hermeneutic", Anglican Theological Revue 71, 1989, p.166-75

Macrae-Gibson, O.D. "Christ the victor-vanquished in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 70, 1969, p.667-72

Magennis, Hugh "Beowulf, 1008a: Swæfeth Aefter Symle", Notes and Queries 1982 Oct. v29 (227)(5) p391-392

Mahler, Annemarie E. "'Lignum Domini' and the Opening Vision of 'The Dream of the Rood': A Viable Hypothesis?", Speculum 1978 v53 p441-459

Meling, K. "The Cross as a Principle in the Formation of Certain Old English Runes", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 80, 1979, p.36-8

Mitchell, B Old English syntax. Oxford ; New York : Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1985.

Morris, Richard Legends of the Holy Rood, Early English Text Society o.s.46

Napierkowski, T.J. "A Dream of the Cross", Concerning Poetry 11 no.1 1978, p.3-12

Nicholson, L.E., 'Oral Techniques in the Composition of Expanded Anglo-Saxon Verses', PMLA 78 (1963), 287-92.

O Carragain, E. "How Did the Vercelli Collector Interpret The Dream of the Rood", Occasional Papers in Linguistics and Language Learning 1981 Aug. v8 p63-104

"Crucifixion as Annunciation: The Relation of The Dream of the Rood to the Liturgy Reconsidered", English Studies: A Journal of English Language and Literature 1982 Dec. v63(6) p487-505

"Vidi Aquam: The Liturgical Background to The Dream of the Rood 20a: "Swaetan on tha Swidran Healfe", Notes and Queries 1983 Feb. v30 (228)(1) p8-15

O'Reilly, Jennifer "The Rough-Hewn Cross in Anglo-Saxon Art", in Ireland and Insular Art A.D. 500-1200: Proceedings of a conference at University College Cork 1985, ed. Michael Ryan, Royal Irish Academy Dublin 1987 p153-158

Orton, Peter "The Technique of Object-Personification in 'The Dream of the Rood' and a comparison with the Old English Riddles", Leeds Studies in English 1980 v11 p1-10

Page, R.I. "A note on the transliteration of Old English runic inscriptions", English Studies 43, 1962, p.484-90

An Introduction to English Runes, London 1973

Pasternack, Carol Braun "Stylistic Disjunctions in The Dream of the Rood", Anglo-Saxon England 1984 v13 p167-186

Patch, H.R. "Liturgical Influence in 'The Dream of the Rood', Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 34, 1919 p233-57

Pattern, Faith "Structure and Meaning in 'The Dream of the Rood', English Studies 49, 1968 p. 385-401

Payne, R.C. "Convention and Originality in the Vision framework of 'The Dream of the Rood'", Modern Philology 73, 1976, p.329-41

Pickford, T.E. "Another look at the 'engel dryhtnes' in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Miteilungen 77, 1976, p.565-8

"'Holmwudu' in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Miteilungen 77, 1976, p.561-4

Pasternak, C.B.'Stylistic Disjunctions in The Dream of the Rood', ASE 13 (1984), 167-86.

Raw, Barbara C. "'The Dream of the Rood' and its connections with Early Christian Art", Medium Ævum 1970 v39 p239-256

Anglo-Saxon Crucifixion Iconography and the Art of the Monastic Revival, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge University Press 1990 pp.xii+296

Renoir, Alan "Oral theme and written texts", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 77, 1976, p.337-46

Rissanen, P. The Message and the Structure of 'The Dream of the Rood', Helsinki 1987

Savage, Anne "Mystical and Evangelical in The Dream of the Rood: The Private and the Public", 4-11 IN Lagorio, Valerie M. (ed.) Mysticism: Medieval & Modern. Salzburg: Univ. Salzburg; 1986. 148 pp.

"The Place of Old English Poetry in the English Meditative Tradition ; Exeter Symposium IV, Papers Read at Dartington Hall", July 1987 91-110 IN Glasscoe, Marion (ed. & fwd.) The Medieval Mystical Tradition in England. Cambridge, Eng.: Brewer; 1987. 195

Schaar, C. Critical Studies in the Cynewulf Group, Lund 1949

Schlauch, Margaret 'The Dream of the Rood' as Prosopoeaia', Essays and Studies in Honour of Carlton Brown, New York 1940, p23-34: reprinted in Essential Articles for the Study of Old English Poetry, ed. J.B.Bessinger and S.J.Kahrl (Hamden, 1968), 428-41.

Scragg, D.G "'Hwæt/þæt' in 'The Dream of the Rood' line 2", Notes and Queries 1968 v213 p166-8

"The Compilation of the Vercelli Book", Anglo-Saxon England 1973 v2 p189-207

Shepherd, G. "Scriptural Poetry" in Continuations and Beginnings, ed. E.G. Stanley, London 1966, 1-36

Sisam, K. Studies in the History of Old English Literature, Oxford 1953

Skemp, A.R. "The Transformation of Scriptural Story, Motive and Conception in Anglo-Saxon Poetry", Modern Philology 4, 1906-7, p423-70

Smith, James "The garments that honour the cross in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Ango-Saxon England 1975 v4 p29-35

Spearing, A.C. Medieval Dream Poetry (Cambridge, 1976), chapter 1.

Stevens, W.O. The Cross in the Life and Literature of the Anglo-Saxons, Yale Studies in English XXIII A.S. Cook Editor, 1904, Holt & CO New York pp.105

Stevenson, Robert B,K. "Aspects of Ambiguity in Crosses and Interlace", Ulster Journal of Archaeology 44-5, 1981-2, p.27

Stevick, Robert D. "The Meter of 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 1967 v68 p149-168

Swanton, Michael The Dream of the Rood, Manchester University Press 1970 (reprinted by Exeter University Press)

Swanton, Michael J. "Ambiguity and Anticipation in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 1969 v70 p407-425

Szarmach, Paul E. "Aelfric, the Prose Vision and 'The Dream of the Rood'", Studies in Honour of Rene Derolez, ed. Simon-Vandenbergen 1987, p.592-602

Szoverffy, J. "'Crux Fidelis. . . .' Prolegomena to a History of the Holy Cross Hymns", Traditio 1966 v.22 p.1-41

Talentino, Arnold "Riddle 30: the vehicle of the Cross", Neophilologus 65, 1981, p.129-36

Tate, G.S. "Chiasmus as Metaphor: the Figura Crucis tradition and 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 79, 1978, p.114-25

Taylor, P.B. "Text and Structure in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 75, 1974 p. 193-201

Timmer, B.J. "Wyrd in Anglo-Saxon Prose and Poetry." Neophilologus 26, 1941 p. 213-128.

Tripp, R.P., Jr. "'The Dream of the Rood': 9b and its context", Modern Philology 69 1971, p.136-7

Tristram, H.L.C. "Stock Descriptions of Heaven and Hell in Old English Prose and Poetry", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 79, 1978, p.102-13

Warner, Marina Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976

Whitman, F.H. "'The Dream of the Rood' 101a", Explicator 33, 1975 p.70

Wilcox, Jonathan "New Solutions to Old English Riddles: Riddles 17 and 53", Philological Quarterly 1990 Fall v69(4) p393-408

Wolf, Carol Jean "Christ as Hero in 'The Dream of the Rood'", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 1970 v71 p202-210

Woolf, R. 'Doctrinal Influences on The Dream of the Rood', MÆ 27 (1958), 137-53; reprinted in Art and Doctrine: Essays on Medieval Literature: Rosemary Woolf, ed. H.O'Donoghue (London, 1986), 29-48.


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