The whole scene surrounding the death of Byrhtnoth is adapted by Tolkien for the death of Theoden in The Lord of the Rings at the Battle of Pelennor Fields (Chapter VI, Book Five, 'Return Of The King'). Also see The Battle of Pelennor Fields map, and extracts from the text at Middle Earth Tours.
The "Battle of Maldon" also appears in several pieces of modern poetry. Some examples include:
D. Jones (1963) 'In Parenthesis'
John Peck (1993) 'Auguring come the phantasies of a boy'
J. Stalworthy, (1998) 'Sword Music'