5.47. Guiderius.Guide|rius.
Guiderius.Guide|rius.
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1
[figure appears here on page 47] GViderius ye firſte ſon of Kymbaline (of
whome Harri|ſon ſayeth no|thing,From hence|forth yee
ſhall finde the yere of the Lord in the margente.) beganne his
raigne in ye ſeuententh yere after the incar|natiõ of Chriſt. This
Guider|us being a man of ſtout courage, gaue occaſiõ of breach of peace
betwixt the Britaynes and Ro|maynes, denying to pay the tribute, and
procu|ring the people to [...] inſurrections, the whyche by one meane or other made open
rebellion,Caligula. as Gildas hath. Wherevpon,
the Emperour Cali|gula (as ſome thinke,) tooke occaſion to leauie a power,
and as one vtterly miſliking the negli|gence (as he called it) of Auguſtus
& Tiberius his predeceſſors, he meant not only to reduce the I|land
vnto the former ſubiection, but alſo to ſearch out the vttermoſt boundes
thereof, to the behoofe of himſelfe, and of the Romayne Monarchie.
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1
2
3 Greate prouiſion
therefore was made by the ſayde Caligula to performe that noble enter|priſe,
and this was in the fourth yeare of hys raigne. The lyke preparation was
made on the other ſide by Guiderius, to reſiſt the forayne ene|mies, ſo that
hauing all things in a readineſſe, he ceaſſed not dayly to looke for the
comming of the Emperour, whome hee meante to receyue with harde
entertaynemente if hee durſt aduenture to ſet towarde Britayne. But ſee the
ſequeale: the mayne army beeyng thus in a readineſſe,Dion
Caſsius. lib. 59.
de|parteth from Rome in the .79. yeare after the buylding of the
Citie, and marching foorthe,
[figure appears here on page 47]
EEBO page image 48 at length commeth to the Belgique ſhore, from whence they
mighte looke ouer, and beholde the cliffes and coaſt of Britaine, whiche
Caligula & his men ſtood gaſing vpõ with great admiratiõ &
wonder. Furthermore he cauſed them to ſtand in battel array vpon the coaſt,
where he heard, howe the Britaynes were in a redineſſe to withſtande his
entrãce: but he entring into his galley, as no|thing diſcouraged wt theſe
newes, rowed a flight ſhot or two from the ſhore, and foorthwith retur|ned,
& then going vp into an high
place like a pul|pet, framed & ſet vp there for the nonce, he gaue
ye token to fight vnto his ſouldiers by ſound of trũ|pet, and therewith
was each man charged to ga|ther cockle ſhels vpõ the ſhore, which he called
the ſpoyle of the Ocean,The ſpoyle of the Ocean.
and cauſed them to be layde vp vntill a time cõueniente. With the
atchieuing of this exployt (as hauing none other wherewith to beautifie his
triumph) he ſeemed greatly exal|ted, thinking that now he had ſubdued the
whole Ocean, and therefore highly rewarded
his ſoul|diers for their paynes ſuſteyned in that collection of tockle
ſhelles, as if they had done him ſome no|table peece of ſeruice. He alſo
carried of the ſame ſhelles with him to Rome, to the ende he myghte there
boaſt of his voyage, and bragge how well he had ſped: and required therefore
very earneſtly to haue a triumph decreede vnto him for the ac|compliſhment
of this enterpriſe. But whẽ he ſaw ſhe Senate grudge at the free and
liberall graun|ting of a grace in that
behalfe, and perceiued how they refuſed to attribute deuine honors vnto him,
in recompence of ſo fooliſh an enterpriſe, it wan|ted little that he had not
ſlayne them euery one. From thence therefore he wente vp into a throne or
royall ſeate, and calling therewith the commõ people about him, he tolde
them a long tale what aduentures had chanced to him in his conqueſt of the
Ocean, and when hee perceyued them to ſhoute and crie, as if they had
conſented that hee ſhould haue bin a God
for this his greate trauell and valiant prowes, he to increaſe their
clamour, cauſed great quantities of golde and ſiluer to bee ſcattered
amongſt them, in the gathering where|of, many were preſſed to deathe, and
diuers alſo ſtayne with ye inuenomed caltrops of iron, which he did caſt
out with the ſayd money, of purpoſe to doe miſchiefe, the ſame caltrops
beeing in forme ſmall and ſharp, ſo that by reaſon of the preaſſe of people,
muche hurte was done by them ere they were
perceyued. And this was the ende of the ri|diculous voyage of Caligula
attempted againſt the Britaynes.
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1 But after the death of
this Caligula,Suetonius. the Em|peroure Claudius
(as Suetonius hath,) moued warre againſt the Britaynes, bycauſe of a ſturre
and Rebellion reyſed in that lande, for that ſuche fugitiues as were fled
from thence, were not a|gaine reſtored when requeſt was made for the
ſame.
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1
2 Dion Caſſius writeth, how
one Beri [...]us,Dion [...]
be|ing expelled out of Britayne, perſwaded ye Em|peroure Claudius
to take the warre in hande at this time againſt the Britaynes, ſo that [...] Au|lus Plautius a Senator, and as then Preior, was appoynted to take
the army that ſoiourned in Fraunce then called Gallia, and to paſſe ouer
with the ſame into Britayne. The Souldyers hearing of thys voyage, were loth
to goe with him, as men not willing to make warre in ano|ther worlde: and
therefore delayed tyme, till at length one Narciſſus was ſente from Claudius
(as it were) to appeaſe ye ſouldiers, & procure thẽ to ſet
forward. But whẽ this Narciſſus wẽt vp into the tribunal throne of
Plautius, to declare ye cauſe of his comming, ye Souldiers taking great
indignation therewith cried, O Saturnalia, as if they ſhould haue
celebrated their feaſt day ſo cal|led. When the ſeruants apparrelled in
their mai|ſters robes, repreſented the roomth of their mai|ſters, and were
ſerued by them, as if they hadde bin their ſeruants, and thus at length
conſtrey|ned through very ſhame, they agreed to followe Plautius. Herevpon
being embarqued, he deui|ded his nauie into three partes, in the ende, that
if they were kept off from arriuing in one place, yet they might take land
in another. The Shippes ſuffered ſome impeachment in their paſſage by a
contrary winde that droue them backe againe: but yet the Marriners and men
of warre takyng good courages vnto them, the rather bicauſe there was ſerue
a fyery leame to ſhoote out of the Eaſt towardes the Weſt, which way their
courſe lay, made forwarde againe with their Shippes, and landed without
finding anye reſiſtaunce. For
[figure appears here on page 48] the Britaynes
looked not for their comming: wherefore, when they hearde howe their enimies
were a lande, they gote them into the Wooddes and mariſſes, truſting that by
l [...]ngering of tyme EEBO page image 49 the Romaynes would be conſtreyned to
departe, as it had chanced in time paſt to Iulius Ceſar aforeſayd.
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1 Plautius therefore had
muche adoe to fynde them out, but after hee had found them, [...] hee vanquiſhed Cataratacus, and after Tog [...]dum|nus the ſonnes of Cynobellinus: for theyr father was dead not very
long before.
[...]. Theſe therefore fleeing their wayes, Plautius receyued
parte of the people called Bodumni (which were ſubiects vnto them that were called Catuellani) into the obeyſance
of the Romaynes:
[...]ellani. and ſo leauing there a garriſon of Souldiers, he
paſſed further till hee came to a riuer whiche coulde not well be paſſed
without a bridge: wherevppon the Britaynes tooke ſmall regard to defend ye
paſſage, as though they had bin [...]re inough. Put Pl [...]ntius [...] in|ted a dertai [...]e [...] of Germay [...] whyche he had there with him. (being vſed [...], although neuer ſo ſwift) to get ouer, whi|che they did, ſleaing
& wounding the Britaynes Horſes whiche were faſtned to that w [...]ggens or Cha [...]rets, ſo that the Britaynes were not a|ble to doe anye peece of their
accuſtomed ſeruice with the [...]ame.
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1 He [...]rewith alſo was [...] (that afterwards was Emperour) with his bro|ther S [...]inus [...] ouer that riuer, which beeyng gote to the further ſide, flewe a
greate number of the enimies. The reſ [...]re of the Britaynes fled, but the nexte daye proffered [...] battell, in the which they alſo fought ſo ſtoutly, that the victo|ry
[figure appears here on page 49] depended long in doubtfull ballance, till
C. Sidius Geta being almoſt at poynt to be taken, did ſo handle the matter,
that the Britaynes fi|nally were put to
flight: for the whiche his vali|ant doings, triumphante honors were beſtowed
vpon him although he was no Conſul.
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1
2 The Britaynes after this Battell, withdrew to the Riuer of
Thames, nere to the place where it falleth into the Sea, and knowing the
[...]l|lowes and firme places thereof, eaſily paſſed o|uer to the further
ſide, whome the Romanes fol|lowing through lacke of knowledge in the na|ture
of the places, they fel into ye mar [...]e groũds, and ſo came to loſe many
of their men, namely of the Germaynes, which were the firſt that paſ|ſed
ouer the Riuer to follow the Britaines, part|ly by a bridge whiche lay
within the countrey ouer the ſayde Riuer, and partly by ſwimming, and other
ſuch ſhift as they preſently made. The Britaynes hauing loſt one of theyr
Rulers,Togodu [...]| [...]us. that is to witte, Togodumnus, of whome yet haue hearde
before, were nothing diſcoraged, but ra|ther the more egrely ſet on reuenge.
Plautius perceyuing their fierceneſſe,
went no further, but ſtayed and placed garriſons in ſteedes, where neede
required, to keepe thoſe places whiche hee had gotten, and with al ſpeede
ſent aduertiſemẽt vnto Claudius, accordingly to that he hadde in
commaundement, if any vrgent neceſſitie ſhould ſo moue him. Claudius
therefore hauing all things before hand in a readinesse, streightwayes vpon
the receyuing of the aduertisement, departed from Rome, and came by water
vnto Ostia, and from thence vnto Massilia, & so through Fraunce,
sped his iourneys till hee came to ye side of the Occean
sea, and then embarquing hymselfe with his people, passed ouer into
Britaine, & came to his army which abode his co(m)ing neere to ye Thames side, where being ioined, they passed the Riuer
agayne, fought with the Britaines in a pight fielde, and getting the
victory, toke the towne of Camalodunum, whiche was the chiefest Citie
apperteyning vnto Cynobelinus. Hee reduced also many other people into his
subiection, some by force, and some by surrender, wherof he was called
oftentimes by the name of Emperour, which was against the ordinance of ye Romanes: for it was not lawfull to any to take yt name vppon him, oftner than once in any one voyage.
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1 Moreouer, Claudius tooke
from the Bri|taynes their armor and weapons, and commit|ted the gouernement
of them vnto Plautius, cõ|maunding him to endeuor himſelfe to ſubdue the
reſidue.
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1 Thus hauing broughte
vnder a parte of Britayne,Dion Caſsius. and hauing
made his abode therein not paſt a ſixteene dayes, he departed, and came
backe agayne to Rome with victory in ye ſixth moneth after his ſetting
foorth from thence,Suetonius. gy|uing after his
returne, to his ſon, the ſurname of Britannicus.
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1
EEBO page image 50This warre he finiſhed, in manner as before is ſayd,
in the fourth yeare of his raigne, whyche fell in the yeare of the worlde
.4011. and after the birth of our Sauioure .44. after the building of Rome
.79.44
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1 There be that write, how
Claudius ſubdu|ed and added to the Romaine Empire, the Iſles of Orkney,
ſituate in the North Ocean beyonde Britayne, which might well be brought to
paſſe eyther by Plautius, or ſome other his Lieute|nant: for Plautius indeede for his noble prowes and valiant
actes atchieued in Britayne, after|wards triumphed. Titus the ſonne of
Veſpaſian alſo wanne no ſmall prayſe for deliuering hys father out of
daunger in his time, beeing be ſette with a company of Britaynes, whiche the
ſayde Titus bare downe and put to flight with greate ſlaughter. Beda
following ye authoritie of Sue|tonius, writeth briefly of this matter, and
ſayth, that Claudius paſſing ouer into this Iſle, to the whiche neyther before Iulius Ceſar, nor after him any
ſtraunger durſt come, within few days receyued the moſt part of the countrey
into hys ſubiection without battell or bloudſhed.
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1 Gildas alſo writing of
this reuolting of the Britaynes, ſayth thus, when information there|of was
gyuen to the Senate, and that haſt was made with a ſpeedy army to reuenge
the ſame, there was no warlike nauie prepared in the Sea to fyghte valiantly
for defence of the countrey, no ſquare battell, no right wing, nor any other
prouiſion appoynted on the ſhore to bee ſeene, but the backes of the
Britaynes in ſteade of a ſhielde are ſhewed to the perſecuters, and their
neckes ready to bee cutte off with the ſworde through [...] feare running through their bo [...]ies, whi|che ſtretched foorth their handes to be bound like womanly
creatures, ſo that a common Pro|uerbe followed thereof, whiche was commonly
vſed and ſpoken, that the Britaynes were ney|ther valiant in warre, nor
faythfull in peace: and ſo the Romaynes ſleaing many of the Rebelles,
reſeruing ſome, and bringing them to bondage, that the lande ſhoulde not lye
altogither vntilled and deſert, returned into Italy out of that lande which
was voyde of wine and oile, leauing ſome of their men there for gouernors to
chaſtiſe the people, not ſo muche with an army of men, as with ſcourge and
whippe, and if the matter ſo required, to apply the naked ſworde vnto theyr
ſydes: ſo that it might be accompted Rome and not Britayne. And what coigne
eyther of braſſe, ſiluer, or golde there was, the ſame to be ſtamped with
the Image of the Emperoure. Thus farre Gildas.
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1 In the Brittiſh hiſtorie
we finde other report as thus,Gal. M [...]. Mat. VV [...]
that Claudius at his comming a lande at Porcheſter, beſieged that
towne, to the reſhew
[figure appears here on page 50] whereof came Guinderius,
and giuing battell to the Romaynes, put
them to the woorſe, till at length, one Hamo, beeyng on the Romaynes ſyde,
chaunged hys ſhielde and armoure, appar|rellyng hymſelfe lyke to a Britayne,
and ſo en|tring into the thickeſt preaſſe of the Brittiſhe hoſt, came at
length to the place where the King was, and there ſlewe him. But Aruiragus
per|ceyuing this miſchiefe, to the ende the Brytaines ſhoulde not be
diſcouraged therewith, he cauſed himſelfe to be adorned with the Kings coate
ar|mour, and other abiliments, and ſo as Kyng continued the fight with ſuch
manhood, that the Romaynes were put to flighte. Claudius f [...]e|ing backe to hys Shippes, and Hamo to the nexte Wooddes, whome
Aruiragus pur|ſued, and at length droue hym vnto the Sea ſyde, and there
ſlewe hym ere hee coulde take EEBO page image 51 Hamo to the [...] wooddes, whome Aruiragus purſued, and at length, droue him vnto the
Sea ſide, and there ſlewe hym ere hee coulde take the hauen which was there
at hand, ſo that the ſame hauen tooke name of hym, and was called long tyme
after Hamons hauen, and at lẽgth by corruption of ſpeeche, it was called
Hampton, and ſo continueth vnto thys day commonly called Southampton.
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1 Thus haue you hearde howe
Guyderius or Guinderius (whether you will)
came to his ende, which chanced (as ſome write) in the .28. yeare of his
raigne.
