1.1. Of the nature of the ſoyle, and other incidentes. Chap. 2.

Of the nature of the ſoyle, and other incidentes. Chap. 2.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 THe ſoyle is lowe and watriſh, encludeth diuers little Iſlandes, enuironned wyth lakes and marriſh. Higheſt hilles haue ſtan|dyng pooles in theyr tops. Inhabitantes eſpe|cially new come, are ſubiect to diſtillations, reumes and flires. For remedy wherof, they vſe an ordinary drinke of Aqua vitae, Aqua vitae. ſo qual|lified in the makyng, that it dryeth more, and enflameth leſſe then other whote confections. One Theoricus wrote a proper treatiſe of A|qua vitae, Theoric. E|piſc. Her|menenſis in Roma|nula iuxta Bononiam. wherein he prayſeth it to the ninth degrée. He deſtmguiſheth thrée ſortes therof, Simplex, compoſita, and Perfectiſſima. He de|clareth the ſimples and ingrediences thereto belongyng. He wiſheth it to be taken as well before meate as after. It dryeth vp the brea|kyng out of handes,The com|modities of Aqua vitae. and killeth the fleſhe wormes, if you waſh your handes therewith. It ſkoureth all ſkurſe and ſkaldes from the head, beyng therewith daily waſhte before meales. Beyng moderately taken, ſayth he, it ſloeth age, it ſtrengtheneth youth, it helpeth digeſtion, it cutteth fleume, it abandoneth melancholy, it reliſheth the hart, it lighteneth the mynd, it quickeneth the ſpirites, it cureth the hydropſie, it healeth the ſtrangury, it poũ|ceth the ſtone, it expelleth grauell, it puffeth away all Ventoſitie, it kepeth and preferueth the hed from whirlyng, the eyes from daze|lyng, the tongue from liſpyng, the mouth frõ mafflyng, the téeth frõ chatteryng, the throte from ratling, the weaſan from ſtieflyng, the ſtomacke from wambling, the harte from ſwellyng, the belly from wirtchyng, the guts from rumblyng, the handes from ſhiuering, the ſmowes from ſhrinkyng, the veynes frõ crumpling, the bones from akyng, the mar|raw from ſoakyng.Vlſt. in coe|lo philoſ. vel de ſe|cret. nat. cap. 11. Vlſtadius alſo aſcribeth thereto a ſinguler prayſe, and would haue it to burne beyng kindled, which he taketh to be a token to know the goodneſſe therof. And truly it is a ſoueraigne liquour, if it be order|ly taken.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The ayre is very holeſome, not generally ſo cleare and ſubtill as that of Englande. The weather is more temperate, beyng not ſo warme in Sommer, nor colde in winter, as it is in Englande and Flaunders. The coun|trye is ſtoared with Bées, contrarye to the opinion of ſome wryters, who both in this & other errours, touching this countrye, maye eaſily be excuſed, as thoſe that wrote by here|ſay. No Vineyards, yet Grapes growe there as in Englande. They lacke the Roe buck, as Polichronicon writeth.Poli. lib. 2. cap. 32. They lack y^e Bird cal|led the Pye. Howbeit in the Engliſhe pale to thys daye, they vſe to tearme a ſlye coſener, a wyly Pye. wily pye. Camb. par. 1. diſt. 3. Cambrienſe in his time cõplai|neth, that Irelande had exceſſe of woode, and very little champayne grounde, but now the Engliſh pale is to naked. Turfe is their moſt fewell and ſeacoale.No vene|mous worme in Ireland. No venemous créeping beaſte is brought forth, or nouriſhed, or can liue in Irelande, being brought or ſent. And therfore the ſpyder of Ireland is wel known not to be venemous, onely becauſe a frogge was found lying in the medowes of Water|forde ſomewhat before the conqueſt they con|ſtrued it, to importe their ouerthrowe.Camb. part 1. diſt. 1.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Bede wryteth that ſerpentes conueighed to Irelande did preſently die,Bed. lib. 1. Angl. Hiſt. cap. 1. beyng touched with the ſmell of the lande, that whatſoeuer came from Irelande was then of ſouereigne vertue againſt poyſõ. He exemplifieth in cer|tayne men, ſtung of Adders, who dranke in water, the ſcrapings of bookes, that had béene of Irelande, and were cured. Generally it is obſerued, the farther weſt, the leſſe annoiance of peſtilent creatures. The want whereof is to Irelande ſo peculiar, that whereas it laye long in queſtion, to whether realme Bry|tayne or Irelande the Ile of man ſhould ap|pertayne,The con|trouerſie of the Iſl [...] of man de|cided. the ſayd controuerſie was decyded: that forſomuch as venemous beaſtes were knowen to bréede therein, it coulde not be a naturall part of Ireland. And contrarywiſe the Orchades are adiudged to be appendaunt to Irelande, becauſe thoſe Iſlandes,

Orcades appendaunt to Irelãd. Hector Bo|eth. in Scot. reg. deſcrip [...] pag. 9. Sect. 50.

Camb. to|po. lib. 1. diſt. 1. rub. 29.

neyther bréede nor foſter any venemous worme, as Hector Boethus aduoucheth. Giraldus Cam|brienſe, writeth that he hearde certayne Mer|chaunts affirme, that when they had vnladen theyr ſhippes in Irelande, they founde by hap ſome toades, vnder theyr balaſt. And they had no ſooner caſt them on the ſhore, then they would puffe and ſwell vnmeaſurably, & ſhort|ly after turning vp theyr bellyes, they would burſt in ſunder. And not onely the earth & duſt of Irelande, but alſo the verye thonges of I|riſhe leather, haue the ſame force and vertue.Cam. ibid. rub. 30.31. I haue ſene it, ſaith Cambriẽſe, experimẽted, EEBO page image 5 that a toade being encompaſſed with a thong of Iriſhe leather,Iriſh lea|ther expel|leth vene|mous wormes. and créepyng thitherward, endeuouring to haue ſkipt ouer it, ſodenly re|culed backe, as though it had bene rapte in the hed: wherupon it began to ſpraule to the other ſide. But at length perceiuyng that the thong did embay it of all partes, it began to thyrle, and as it were to dig the earth, where findyng an hole, it ſluncke away in the pre|ſence of ſondry perſons.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 It happened alſo in my tyme, ſayeth Giral|dus Cambrienſe, Cambri. in eodem lo|co. that in the North of Englãd a knot of yoongkers tooke a nap in the fieldes. As one of them lay ſnorting with his mouth gaping, as though he would haue caught flies, it happened that a Snake or Adder ſlipt into his mouth, and glyded downe into his bellye, where herboring it ſelfe, it be ganne to roame vp and downe and to feede on the young man his entralles. The pacient being ſore diſtrac|ted and aboue meaſure tormented wyth the byting pangues of this gréedie gueſt, ineeſ|ſantly prayed to God, that if it ſtoode wyth his gracious will, eyther wholly to berieue him of his lyfe, or elſe of his vnſpeakeable mercie to eaſe him of his payne. The worme woulde neuer ceaſe from gnawing the pa|cient his carkaſſe, but when he had taken his repaſt. And his meare was no ſooner digeſted, then it woulde giue a freſhe onſet in boaring his guttes. Diuers remedies were ſought, as medicines, pilgrimages to Sainctes: but all could not preuayle. Being at length ſchw|led by the graue aduiſe of ſome ſage and ex|pert father, that willed him to make his ſpée|die repayre to Ireland, would tract no time, but buſked himſelfe ouerſea, and arriued in Irelande. He dyd not ſooner drinke of the wa|ter of that Iſlande, and taken of the victuals of Ireland, but forthwith he kilde the Snake, auoyded it downewarde, and ſo being luſtye and liuely he returned into Englande. Thus farre Giraldus Cambrienſe. There be ſome, that mooue queſtion,whether venemous wormes wer expel|led Irelãd through y^e prayers of [...]. Patrike. whither the want of ve|nemous Woormes be to be imputed to the propertie of the ſoyle, or to be aſcribed to the prayers of S. Patricke, who couerted that Iſlande. The greater parte father it on S. Patricke, eſpecially ſuch as wryte hys lyfe aſwell a parte, as in the legende of Iriſhe Sainctes. Giraldus Cambrienſe diſaffirmeth flatly that opinion, and taketh it to be a ſecret or hidden propertie naturally vnited to the ſoyle,Policht. lib. 1. cap. 32. from whome Polichronicon doth not ſwarne. For my part as I am wedded to nei|ther of both the opinions, ſo I woulde haue béene eaſily perſwaded being neyther hote nor colde in the matter, to reſt as a luke|warme Neuter in omitting the one and the other vnſkande, were it not that one M. Alan Cope, as ſome other that maſketh vnder hys viſours, more ſclaunderouſly then pithily had buſied himſelfe therin. Wherfore ſith I may with better warrant defende my natiue coũ|trey, then he or his betters may reprooue it, eſpecially, where his ſclaunderous reportes are vnderpropt wyth flimme flamme ſur|miſes: I purpoſe vnder M. Cope his correc|tion to coape and buckle with hym herein, and before he beare the ball to the goaſe, to trippe him, if I may, in the way. And becauſe (gentle Reader) I minde to make thée an in|different vmpyre in this controuerſie, for the better vnderſtanding of the matter, I will laye downe M. Cope his wordes, in ſuch wiſe as they are imprinted in his booke. Firſt ther|fore thou muſt vnderſtande, that his booke is made in dialogue wiſe, a kinde of writing as vſed, ſo commended of the learned. In theſe dialogues Ireneus an Engliſh man and Cri|tobulus a Germaine play the partes. Ireneus entreth into the ſtage; and in this wyſe be|ginneth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Incipiã à S. Paulo [...] noſti in Melita (quam ho|die Maltam appellant) Paulum viperam à ma|nu pendentem in ignem excuſſiſſe. Alan. Co|pus dialog. 3. acd. 28. In ea inſu|la Scorpiones, qui alibi ſunt letales, Pauli, vt creditur, munere ſunt innoxij.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Critobulus. Fortaſſe hoc habet a natura.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Iren. Falleris: nam infulani, vt Lucas refert, clamabant, delatum eo patricidã, cui cum mare peperciſſet, irati dij ſerpentes, qui cum collerẽt, immiſiſſent: nec quicquam magis quàm prae|ſentem eius mortem expectabant. A qua cùm ille tantum abeſſet, vt nihil omninò damni aut doloris inde ſentiret, in admirationem acti, di|xerunt, eum longe ſupra hominem eſſe, & de|um ſub humana ſpecte.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Crit. Sle eſt, vt dicis.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Iren. Caetera ita audi: E ſpecu, ad quem di|uertiſſe dicitur, colliguntur lapides in tota fer|me Europa ſalutates. Adhaec, quos naſci octauo Calendas Februarij contingit (qui dies conuer|ſionis elus memoriae dicatus eſt) quaecun cos orbis pars in lucem proferat, non horrent nec formidant angues, imò quod magis eſt, ſola ſa|liua horum morſibus medentur. Id quod ho|mo doctiſſimus & diligentiſſimus Thomas Fazellus nuper prodidit, vſu ipſo rerum,Thomas Fazellus. & certis, ni fallor, exemplis ab eo obſeruatum.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Crit. Iſta quidem digna ſunt obſeruatione: & iam recordor, melegiſſe ac ſaepius audiſſe, pre|cibus beati Patricij Hiberniae apoſtoli, ei regio|ni ſimile beneficium indultum, ne ea inſula ali|quid letale pariat. Dici fortaſsè inde à nonnul|lis ſolet, nihil eſſe in Hibernia venenati prae|ter ipſos homines, quod propter feros & agre|ſtes corum mores dictum a plaeriſ accipitur.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 578 Iren. Eam regionem nihil peſtiferum aut ve|nenatum alere,B [...]d. lib. 1. Ang. hiſt. c. 1. tum ex multorum ſermonibus, cum ex Beda intelligo: adeò vt terra illius re|gionis exportata, peſtifera ac venenata ani|malia extinguat. V [...]rùm id quicquid eſt, non Patricio, ſed naturae regionis tribuo, propterea quòd longè ante Patricium natum cõſtet,Sententia definitiua. Solin. c. 35. eam fuiſſe eius regionis dotem, quam non eſt diffi|cilè alibi reperiri.

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I will begin ſayth Ireneus, with S. Paule. You know that in Melita (which at this day is called Malta) S. Paule flung into the fire a Viper that ſtucke or did cleaue to his hand. In that Iſlande, Scorpions which are elſe|where deadly or venemous, are become tho|row the gift of S. Paule (as it is ſuppoſed) harmeleſſe.

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Tuſh, quoth Critobulus, that may be percaſe incident to the nature of the ſoyle.

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Nay then, replyeth Ireneus, you are in a wrong bore. For the Iſlanders, as S. Luke mencioneth, ſhowted, that a parentquellour was brought thither, and becauſe he was not ſwalowed in the gulfes of the ſea, the Gods beyng in their fuſtian fumes, ſent ſerpentes to ſlay hym. And they looked for nothyng ſoo|ner, then to ſée hym euen at a twincklyng to periſh. But whẽ they perceyued hym to be ſo far diſtant frõ death, as that he ſuſteyned no harme, ne felt any paine, the people therwith amazed, ſayd, he far ſurpaſt mans eſtate, and that he was a God inueſted in mã hys ſhape.

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You haue reaſon, anſwereth Critobulus, you haue hit the nayle on the hed.

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Yea, but I pray you, clip not my tale, ſayth Ireneus, but take me with you. Stones are culled in the caue or denne, wherin S. Paul is ſayd to haue bayted or ſoiorned, which ſtones in maner in all Europe are ſoueraigne me|dicines to cure the bitynges and ſtinges of Scorpions and ſerpentes. Furthermore they that are borne the xxv. of Ianuary (which day is named the conuerſion of S. Paul) in what part ſo euer of the world they are borne, they feare not or grudge not at ſnakes: Yea, that which is more to be admyred, the ſtinginges of poyſoned wormes are healed by the very ſpittle of this Ianuary broode. Which thyng hath bene of late publiſhed by a well lettered man, Thomas Fazellus, to haue bene curiouſ|ly noted of hym as well by proofe and experi|ence, as by ſure and ſubſtantiall examples, if I take not the matter amiſſe. Thẽ commeth in Critobulus, whom M. Cope maketh, I will not ſay the vice or hickſcorner, but the plea|ſaunt conceited gentleman of hys enterlude, and fetcheth a long leape (for I am ſure he could not iumpe ſo farre) from Malta to Ire|land, and frameth hys tale in this ſort.

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By the fayth of my body ſir, here is ſtuffe woorth the noting. And now I call to mynde, that I haue red and often heard, that the like benefite hath bene imparted to Ireland, tho|rough the prayers of S. Patrike the Apoſtle of the ſayd Iſland, that is to ſay, that Ireland bréedeth no venemous worme. And therupon percaſe ſome are accuſtomed to ſay, y^e there is no poyſoned or venemous thing in Irelãd, but onely the people, which is taken to haue bene ſayd of moſt men for their brutiſhe and ſauage maners.

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To this ſayth Ireneus. I am done to vnder|ſtand by the report of diuers, & alſo by Bede, that no poyſoned or venemous thing is bred in that realme, in ſo much, that the earth of y^e countrey being brought into other realms, killeth all venemous and poyſoned wormes. But let the matter fall out which way it wil.

I aſcribe that propertie not to S. Patricke,Iudge|ment. but to the nature of the ſoyle, becauſe it hath bene knowen long before S. Patricke was borne, that Irelande was indued with that property, which is elſewhere eaſy to be foũd. Hitherto M. Cope.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 In thys diſcourſe (gentle Reader) thou ſéeſt that M. Cope handleth two principall points, the proprety of Malta and the nature of Ire|lande in deſtroying venemous woormes, the one he aſcribeth to y^e bleſſed Apoſtle ſ. Paule, the other he will not in any wyſe impute to S. Patricke. Touching the firſt, as I haue no occaſion to entermeddle therin, ſo I pur|poſe not, for the quarell I haue to the perſon, to diſprooue hys opinion ſo farre as it ſtan|deth with troth. Wherefore that God, that of his bountifull goodneſſe gaue the grace to Moſes, to turne Aaron his rod into a ſerpẽt, Exod. c. 7. verſ. 10. to turne the riuer into bloude, and to worke diuers other effectes that are mencioned in the ſcripture. To Ioſu. c. 10, verſ. 13. Ioſue, to ſtay the ſonne, To 3. Reg. 17 verſ. 22. & Eccleſ. 48. verſ. 50. Elias to raiſe y^e dead childe, to Act. 3. verſ. 7. Peter to make the lame go, to heale Act. [...]. verſ. 34. Aeneas, to re|uiue Act. 9. verſ. 40. Tabytha, yea with his very Act. 5. verſ. 13. ſhadow to cure the ſicke, & the God that gaue to that Paule, of whome M. Cope ſpeaketh, his gra|cious gift to make the Act. 14. verſ. 10. lame go, to Act. 20. verſ. 10. [...] 11. quickẽ and rayſe the deceaſed, and for his ſake to Act. 27. verſ. 23. Act. 9. verſ. 43. Act. 28. verſ. 9. ſalue his fellow paſſangers: it is not to be denyed, but that God woulde imparte his goodneſſe to any region, euen the ſooner that any of his bleſſed ſeruauntes woulde herbo|rowe there. And as I doubt not, but Simon the Tanner his houſe was nothing y^e woorſe, for lodging ſo happie a gueſt as Peter, ſo I am ſure, Malta was far the better, for her|bowring ſo bleſſed a traueyler or paſſenger as Paule. Which S. Luke letteth not to tell, declaring that all they, which were ſicke in EEBO page image 6 the Iſland, flocked to Paule and were cured: and alſo that the pacient that was father to Publius, in whoſe houſe they were thrée daies very courteouſly intertayned, was by Saint Paule healed. Which cure aſwell of that pa|cient, as of the reſidue of the Iſlanders, dyd not onely extende to their bodies, but chiefly and eſpecially to their ſoules, according to the opinion of the learned Diuines.A [...]gu. tract. 30. in Iohã. [...] Th. p. 3. q. 44.23. ad. 3 [...]. For as our ſauiour Ieſus Chriſt was neuer thought to cure any one his bodie, but he woulde alſo heale his ſoule, ſo it muſt be thought of his A|poſtles, in whoſe ſteppes both in lyfe and my|racles they traced. And therefore the learned holde opinion, that S. Paule, being in Malta, expelled from diuers of their ſoules the olde Serpent, that deceyued our Progenitours, Adam & Eue.Geneſ. 3. verſ. 13. For which God is to be mag|nified and glorified. Thus much I thought good here to enſert, as a clauſe not wholly ſwaruing from that we treate of, and alſo that I woulde be founde preſt and readie, as farre as my ſimple ſkill ſtretcheth, to vnder|pinne any opinion, that tendeth to the honor and glorie of God. Howbeit for ſo much as M. Cope hath ſo ſtraightly dealt with Irelãd, as wyth a countrey nothing appertayning to his matter, I truſt he will pardon me, to be ſomewhat bolde with him, touching the hyſtorie of Malta, that as his negligence ſhal be in the one diſſhrowed, ſo his ſclaunderous iudgemẽt may be in the other reuerſed. Firſt therefore where he writeth, that the inhabi|tantes of Malta clamabant, that is, cryed, or ſhowted, it was not ſo. The Gréeke text run|neth,Act. 28. verſ. 4. [...]. Dicebant adinui|cem, that is to ſay, they muttred one to ano|ther. And S. Luke paraphraſeth his meaning after. For when they perceyued, that the Vi|per dyd not anoy Paule, then ſayth S. Luke, Conuertentes ſe; dicebant, eum eſſe Deum. They turning one towardes the other, whiſ|pered or mutterd, that Paule was a God. Nowe put the caſe they cryed,S. Paule heard not the inha|bitants of Malta. as M. Cope ſayeth, is it lyke that Paule was ſo buſie in making of a fire, or that his eares dyd wan|der ſo far of, as that he could not heare them? And if he heard thẽ, thinke you that he would haue béene whiſt, in hearing God ſo far blaſ|phemed, as that he woulde ſuffer himſelfe to be deified? No truely. He woulde haue taken on, Act. 14. verſ. 11.12.13.14. as he and Barnabas dyd at Lyſtris, whẽ the inhabitants named them Goddes, Bar|nabas to be Iupiter, and Paule, for that he was well ſpoken, to be Mercurie. For when the Apoſtles hearde of their Idolatrie, ren|ting their clothes, they ruſht into the thrõge, crying and ſpeaking, that they were mortall men. &c. In which place S. Luke putteth an expreſſe difference, as it were of ſet purpoſe, betwéene both the woordes, Clamantes & Di|centes. M. Cope addeth further, Delarum eo paricidam, and yet the Gréeke hath [...]. Omnino imterfector, or as the Vulgar text is, Vti homicida eſt homo hic. So that they tooke him to be but a manquello [...]r, yet M. Cope maketh hym a Paricide, which is woorſe. For although euerye Paricide be a manquellour, yet è conuerſo, euery manquel|lour is not a Paricide.

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M. Cope procéedeth further, Irati dij, ſerpẽ|tes, qui eum tollerent im [...]iſiſſent. The Gods being angry ſent ſerpents to diſpatch Paule.

And yet forſooth, all theſe ſerpentes were but one Viper, as is plainely expreſ [...] in the text, vnleſſe M. Cope would teache S. Luke, to tell his tale after the fineſt faſhiõ, leaſt the Apo|ſtle ſhould haue bene thought to haue [...]toned.A Parſon his ſermõ. As the Parſon that preached to his Parochi|ans of the Goſpell, wherin mention is made of them that Chriſt fed in the deſert, or wil|derneſſe. O, quoth the Parſon, what a Chriſt that was, that with fiue barly loaues, & fiue fiſhes fed fiue hundred perſons. The clareke hearing his maiſter to grate ouerlõg on that point, for he dyd often iterate that ſentence, ſtole vp to the pulpit, & plucking the perſon by his gowne, whiſpered in his eare y^e Chriſt fed fiue thouſand. Holde thée contented thou fooliſhe fellow, qouth the Parſon, if I ſhoulde tell mine hearers of ſo great a nũber, I ſhold but diſcredite the Goſpeller, and they woulde not beléeue me. So it fadeth with M. Cope, be|like he miſtruſted, that if he had ſayde, that one Viper coulde haue ſlayne Paule, the rea|der woulde haue ſuſpected the vntruth of the matter, bycauſe it caryeth great likelyhoode with it, that one man coulde withſtande one Viper, and therefore to ſaue S. Luke hys credite, he increaſeth the number by putting the plurall for the ſingular. Whereas there|fore it ſtandeth with M. Cope his pleaſure, M. Cop his rhetoricke. to floriſh in his rhetoricall figure, named, Veri|tatis ſuperlatio, in terming muttering, ſhow|ting, a manquellour, a paricide, one Viper, ſerpentes: he muſt be borne withall, if in the heate of his figure he ſteppe a little awrie in the remnaunt of his diſcourſe. For thus he ſayeth.

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And therevppon it is reported perchaſe by ſome men, that there is nothing venemous or poyſoned in Irelande, but the men and wo|men. Which is taken to haue bene ſpoken by moſt men for their brutiſh and ſaluadge ma|ners.

Here (good Reader) thou muſt vnder|ſtande that M. Cope putteth the text downe & the gloſe, the text is, there is nothing in Ire|lande venemous but the inhabitauntes. The EEBO page image 579 gloſe is, this is ſayde to haue bene ſpoken for their brutiſh and ſauage conditiõs. Now well harpt by S. Lanckfield. Here is a gloſe, I vndertake you, ſuteable to the text. But let vs ſée, how cunningly M. Cope bequiteth him ſelfe. Firſt he obſerueth not decorũ perſonae, ſecondly he followeth not decorum dialogi, thirdlye he ſheweth herein little diuinitie. Touching the firſt point, who knoweth not, that theſe iapes and gybes are onely fitte for ruffians, vices, ſwaſhbucklers and to ſpottes. And truly they beſet a diuine aſwel, as for an Aſſe to twange chypaſſa on a harpe or gyt|tarne, or for an Ape to friſcke trenchemoore in a payre of buſkins and a dubblet. The hea|then miſliked in an orature ſquirilitie,Cic. lib. 2. de Orat. what ſhoulde be thought then of a diuine, whom S. Paule would haue to be ſober, modeſt, graue and wiſe.1. Timot. 3. verſ. & 3. Vnleſſe M. Cope leaning to the let|ter of S. Paule his wordes woulde beare vs in hande, that S. Paule would haue modeſtie to reſt onely in byſhops. We are commaun|ded, in the olde and newe teſtament, to loue our neighbors as our ſelues. Which doth im|ply, that we ought not to ſclaunder our neigh|bours. And ſhall a diuine then ſpeake vncha|ritably, not onely of one, but of an whole roy|alme, and not only ſpeake but alſo write, yea and that in the language that is vniuerſally ſpoken, through out the greater part of the worlde, vpon no ſure ground, but onely vpon heareſay weighing not what y^e Prophet wri|teth, Pſal. 5. verſ. 7. Sapient. 1. Vide Au|guſt. in eũ|dem Pſal. perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendaciũ, thou ſhalt deſtroye all them that ſpeake vn|truthes. And were it that any ſuch flimme ſlamme flirtes were ſoothed by any perſonne of credite, yet, as me ſéemeth, it would ſtand more with the grauitie of a diuine, that ſuch childiſhe quippes, & ſcornefull tauntes ſhould ſooner by his meanes charitably bée whiſted, thẽ through his procuremẽt carpingly publi|ſhed.Math. 5. verſ. 22. I will ſtand no longer on this point, but onelye craue M. Cope to reſort to the fift of Mathew, and there peruſe Chriſt his verdict, touching ſclaunderous tongues. To come to the ſeconde parte, in which he obſerueth not decorum dialogi, thou ſhalt vnderſtand (good Reader) that Critabulus, or Critobulus, whom M. Cope maketh his bagpipe to belche out his rancour, is a Germaine borne, as M. Cope ſaith, who ſemeth to be Critobulus his godfa|ther. Now let any one, that is acquainted w^t the maners of Germaines, iudge, if it be de|cent, that one of thẽ ſhoulde ſcoffe & ſcorne the conditions and faſhions of other countries. I wil not ſpeake by heare ſay, as M. Cope doth, but by eyeſight. I coul neuer eſpye nor pro|bably haue I hearde it reported no not of the méere ſauage Iriſh, ſuch quaffing, ſuch ſwil|ing, ſuch bowling, ſuch gulling, ſuch brutiſh or drunckenneſſe, ſuch ſurfeyting, ſuch vomi|ting as I haue ſéene ſome Germaines doe. In good ſooth it is knowen, and for my part I haue ſéene it being beyonde the ſeas,The Ger|maine his friendſhip. that in their carowſing & cup friendſhip, they threa|ten ſuch kindneſſe on their companions, that leaſt their felowes ſhould miſtruſt them with double dealing, they will not ſticke to ſhewe them the botome of their ſtomackes, & to the ende they ſhould take the better view therof, they will place it now & then in their neigh|bours boſome.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 Thus whẽ they haue caſt their gorges, they clap on theyr thrumde hats, and runne lyke bedlem barretors into the ſtréetes with their naked flatchets, and there they kéepe ſuch a ſtinkyng ſturre with hackyng of ſtones, with hewyng of blockes, with thwitting of ſtocks, with ſtrikyng of ſtalles, with thumpyng at dores, that it would make a horſe breake hys halter, to ſée ſo dronken a pageant. In fiue, this qualitie is ſo naturally engraſſed in the greater part of them, that a famous deuine did not ſticke of late to ſay openly in his Lec|ture that dronkennes in that countrey men, was eyther peccatum originale, or accidens inſeparabile. I write not this, I take God to record, to the reproch or ſlaunder of that coũ|trey (beyng lothe to commit the ſelfe ſame fault that I reprehend in any other,) but on|ly my meanyng is to ſettle before the Rea|der his eyes the abſurditie of M. Cope, in fra|myng poore Critabolus to flout Ireland, con|ſideryng that if he caſt his eye homeward, he ſhall finde as filthy puddle in his owne coun|trey, as in other realmes. And therfore thys quippe ſate as vnſéemely in his mouth, as for an whoore to reprehend bitchery, or for an V|ſurer to condemne Simonie. For as there is nothyng leſſe to be tollerated, thẽ for any one to haue an other to accompt for his lyfe, that can yéelde no accompt of his owne: ſo there is nothyng that ought to moozell vp any one from rebuking other nations, then to ſée the miſdemeanor of hys owne natiue country. I would wiſhe M. Critabolus or M. Cope, if it ſhall pleaſe him to make vp the muſter, with indifferency to weigh the eſtate of Ireland, and ſo without parciality to frame his iudge|ment. Ireland,Irelande how it may be refor|med. and eſpecially the ruder part is not ſtored with ſuch learned men as Ger|many is. If they had ſounde preachers, & ſin|cere liuers, that by the embawming of theyr carian ſoules with the ſwéete and ſacred flo|wers of holy writ, would enſtruct them in the feare of God, in obeying their prince, in ob|ſeruyng the lawes, in vnderproppyng in eche man his vocation te weale publike. I doubt EEBO page image 7 not, but within two or three ages M. Critabulus his heyres should heare so good a reporte run of all the reformatio(n) of Ireland, as it would be reckoned as ciuill as the best part of Germany. Let the soyle be as fertile and betle as any would wish, yet if the husband man wyll not manure it, some tyme plough and eare it, sometyme harow it, sometime tyll it, somtyme marle it, sometyme delue it, sometyme dig it, and sowe it with good and sound corne, it will bryng forth weedes, bynde corne, cockle, darnell, brambles, bryers, and sondry wylde shootes. So it fareth with the rude inhabitantes of Irelande, they lacke Vniuersities, they want instructors, they are destitute of teachers, they are without preachers, they are deuoyde of all such necessaries as appertayne to the training vp of youth, and not|withſtandyng all theſe wantes, if any would be ſo frowardly ſet, as to require them, to vſe ſuch ciuilitie, as other regions, that are suffi|ciently furniſhed with the lyke helpes, he might be accounted as vnreaſonable, as he that would force a cripple that lacketh both his legs to runne, or one to pipe or whiſtle a galliard that wanteth hys vpper lippe. But ſuch is the corrupt nature of vs worldlings, and me thinketh ſuch vayne humors are not vtterly dryed vp in our ſage & mortyfied di|uines, we are moſt commonly giuen rather to taunt that which is amiſſe, then to prayſe that which is good, and rather we followe the ſpider in ſoakyng the poyſon, then in im [...]a|tyng the Bée by ſucking the hony. Now that it appeareth, that it was not ſittyng for the author beyng a deuine, to write ſo vncharita|bly, nor for M. Critabulus beyng a Germain, to carpe other countreys ſo ſnappiſhly: let vs ſée, what wholeſome diuinity hath bene here vttered, and how well the ſinewes of M. Cri|tabulus his argument ſhall be found to hang togither, when the Anatomy therof by péece|meable ſhall be examined.

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I call to mynd,  M. Critabulus, that I haue read & often heard that the like benefite hath bene graũted to Irelãd through the prayers of ſ. Patrike.

M. Critabulus hath read & heard, that by the prayers of S. Patricke, Ireland hath no venemous worme: ergo ſome holde opinion, that the poyſon reſteth onely in the people.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Truly this argument hangeth togyther by very straunge gymbols. And I dare say, M Cope neuer learned this kynde of reasonyng in the famous colledge of Magdalene in Oxford, what so euer M. Critabulus did in Germany. But let vs put the Logique apart, and scan the singular poynt of diuinitie. I woulde gladly learne at what part of Scripture, or in what auncient father M. Critabulus reade or heard (for most of hys learning hath bene, as it seemeth, purchased by heresay) that any holy prelate, that came of meere charity, to conuert a countrey from night to light, fro(m) rudeness to knowledge, from infidelitie to Christianitie, from vice to vertue, from the deuill to God, (which doth implye an especiall zeale in sauluying their soules) woulde purge the soyle of all venemous wormes, and leaue the soules, that haue more neede to be weeded, wholy enfected with the contagion of vice & sinne. Wherby ensueth that the place is better then the Inhabitaunts, and so consequently the saying of the Machabees must be falsified. Non propter locum gentem, Machab. [...] c. 5. verſ. 19 sed propter gentem, locum Deus elegit. God did not choose the people for that place, but hee elected the place in respect of the people. Luc. 8. verſ. 32. Our sauiour Iesus Christ dispossessing the pacient of the legion of deuils, permitted them to enter into an hierd of hogges. Critabulus woulde haue Christes saintes do the co(n)trary, to dispossesse the hogs, and to leaue the men possessed with deuils. For so he reporteth s.Patrike to haue done, by riddyng the lande of all poysoned wormes, and leauyng the rancour to lurke in the people. Truly if the matter stoode so farre out of ioynt, I doubt not, but the Islanders mought haue come as lawfully to hym, as the Gerasones came ingratefully to Christ, Luc. 2. verſ. 37. requiring hym to depart their country. For such a scoffing prelate, hys rowme had bene better the(n) his company, sith his abode would tende rather to the peruerting, then the conuertyng, of their Island

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Hitherto thou haſt heard (gentle Reader) how gallauntly Critabulus hath played hys parte, now ſhall I deſire thée to viewe, how ſagely Ireneus claſpeth vp all the whole con|trouerſie. He ſaith it is the nature of the ſolle, not to bréede any venemous worme, and that was incident thereto, before ſ. Patrike was borne. How prooue you that ſir. Pleaſeth you to ſkew your eye towardes the margent, and there ſhall you finde the 35. chapiter of Soli|nus ſolemnly quoted. Touchyng this matter, there is nothyng in Solinus but this. [...]lic. au [...]|guis nullus, a [...]ſ [...] rara. In Ireland is no ſnake, and ſeldome a byrde, and yet byrdes are as commonly there as in any other countrey. But I would gladly vnderſtand how this au|thoritie of Solinus furthereth M. Ireneus hys opinion. Ireland bred no ſnake before ſ. Pa|trick was borne: ergo, it engẽdered no [...]oade, no Adder, no Frogge, nor any other viruſent worme. As if a man would reaſon thus. Be|fore ſ. Patricke his tyme there was no horſe|myll in Ireland: ergo, before his tyme there EEBO page image 580 was no myllhorſe. Certers h [...]th [...] woulde winde vp his concluſion ſo fondly might be thought, to haue aſmuch witte, as a roſſed horſe. This autoritie of Solinus is ſo farre from vpholding Ireneus his aſſertion, as that it plainely ſeemeth to quite ouerthrow it, and as it were in his owne turne, it giuenth him a fail.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 For the cauſe why S. Patricke was mo|ued, to expell all the venemous: woormes out of Irelande, might probably haue béene con|iectured, to haue proceeded of this, y^t he per|cry [...]ing, the lande to bréede no Suakes, ther|of was occaſioned, for the furthering of Chri|ſtian fayth, to expell other hinde of warmes, that lurcked there before his comming, as Toades, Adders, Blindwoormes, Frogs, &c. Here perchaſe M. Cope may blenche me,Obiection. in replying that Anguis may be confirmed ge|nerally for all kynde of Vermine, and ſo I might be taken tardie in buylding my diſ|courſe vpon a miſconſtruction.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 Aunſwer.In good ſooth to omitte what ſtraunge and abſurde ſignification Anguis ſhould beare, by notifiyng a poyſoned ſpider and ſuch lyke, and, in mine opinion, further from the the pur|poſe, thẽ the father that diſwading his ſonne from playing on Sunday fortified his reaſon with the olde ſayde ſaw, non eſt bonuin [...]|dere cum ſanctis, it is not good, quoth hei, to play on Sondayes or holy dayes, is it, thinke you, fellonie or treaſon, to bring the credit of Solinus in queſtion, for miſtaking Anguis aſ|well as Auis. For as he was groſly deceyued in the one, in writing, that birdes were rare in Ireland, ſo might he haue ſtrayed as like|ly in the other, by diſburdening Irelande of all venemous woormes, bycauſe the Iſlande wanted in his time but one or two kindes, as a Snake and a Toade. Where a man buyl|deth vpon euerye twatling and pratling ru|mour, and his eye is not his iudge, he may be ſure,Rumour catcheth fethers. that ſuch flying tales will catche many feathers before they come at him, that is as farre diſtaunt from their neſtes, as Solinus was frõ Ireland, when he wrote his pamph|let. The proofe whereof as it is dayly tryed, ſo not many yeres paſt hath ben very pretily veryfied. There was a gentleman of mine acquaintance that mette his enemie in the fieldes, where they both vpon a tryſling qua|rell fought ſo friendly as they had more neede to haue béene grapled togither with cables, then parted by indifferent ſticklers. Howbe|it bycauſe the gentleman was neuer before fleſht, and yet nothing at al that day, for eche of their blowes dyd commonly light on the medowe, where they fought, a friende of hys reported well of him to an other, ſaying, that he was lyke in [...]me to pro [...] a proper [...] of hys handes, for the well handeling of hys weapon in his late combate. Wherevppon ſoone after the other doubling the gentleman his prayſe, gaue notice to another, that ſuch a gentleman, naming him, fought valiauntly ſuch a day, in ſuch a place. Immediately vpon this is a ſhyre [...]e two of it w [...] noyſed that the partie prayſed, fought with two at once: in ſuch a place, naming the medowe. [...] length it was bruted, that he fought ſolice ſe|uerall daies, and I am well, aſſured that wake the firſt fray that euer he made, & I thinked it will be the laſt, vnleſſe he be forced mangre him heart, to the contrarie. Not long lafter, it happened that a gentlman and I traueyled abroade the countrey of ſet purpoſe to diſport our ſelues, and ſo to returne a freſhe to our brokes, where entering in communication with a blunt countrey lobbe (yet ſuch an one an tooke his halfe peny to be good ſyluer) that knew the foreſaid champion. My companion and I made wyſe, as though we were not ac|quainted wyth him, or euer heard of the com|bate, now in good fayth gentlemen, quoth he you would d [...]e very well to enter in acquain|taunce with him, for ouer this,A friendly commen|dation. that he is a gentleman aboundantly endued wyth ſingu|lar good qualities, he is become of late ſo va|liant a cuttex, as he maketh blading his day|lye breakfaſt. By S. Mary, quoth my com|panion that is very colde roſte, & if his break|faſtes be no better then a péece of colde Iron, A little weigh, howe ſeldome I take a repaſt in his companie at any ſuch ordinarie. Nay my meaning is, quoth the other, that he vſeth to fight freſhe and faſting euery morning, in ſo much y^t of late, I dare byde by it, he fought eyght dayes in one weeke. At which wordes I for my part coulde not refrayne frõ laugh|ing, ſéeing how demurely the fellow kept his countenanunce, & how that he ſpake bona fide. Wherevpon I ſhaped him an aunſwere, and ſayde, that I neuer hearde of any that fought eyght dayes in one weake, but onely in olde tyme, when fiue quarters made vp the yeare. The fellow perceyuing, that he ouerſhot him|ſelfe, replyed: Sir, you take me very ſhorte, as long and as very a lowbie as you imagine to make me: my meaning is, that he fought eyght ſeuerall tymes in one wéeke. Eyght tymes? quoth my companion, then belike he fought once aboue commons. For you tolde vs right now, that he made his fray his mor|ning breakefaſt, and whereas there are but ſeuen dayes in the wéeke, and he fought, as you reporte, eygth times; and you know, that eyght maketh one aboue ſeuen, & ſeuen ma|keth ſixe & one vnder eight, eyther you muſt EEBO page image 8 confeſſe that he fought out his breakfaſt, din|ner, beuer or ſupper, or elſe you muſt graunt, that there be eyght dayes in one weake, or at the leaſt two droakefaſtes in one day, & that, I am ſure, you will confeſſe to be as great an obſurdity, as y^e other. Nay, quoth the clowne, and you intrap me with ſuch ſopheſtrie, you ſhall dine, ſupp [...] and breake your faſt alone for me, and there withall departed. Wherby may be gathered, that if he had béene ſoothed vp, and his tongue let to run at libertie vn|controulde, like a howſe that runneth in a ſmooth allye without any [...], he would haue brougth him [...] to that day, as he would not ſticke to ſay, that his friende had fought eight dayes in one h [...]. Wherefore as this pud|ding his pricke grewe at [...]nga [...] by reporte to an huge poſte, ſo the want of one venemous woorms in Ireland, being bruced in for rame royalanes, might haue béene ſo thwytted and mangled in the caryage before it came to Solinus his eares, as he might haue béene enformed, that the countrey was deouyde of all venemous Woormes, where as in deéde there lacke [...] but one kinde.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Lyke as God of his iuſtice puniſheth a coũ|trey, that is harde hearted, with [...]atwarde woormes, ſo of his mercie, the yare remoued from a royalme, that is plya [...], to followe his lawes and preceptes. As when Pharao woulde not liſſen to God his threates be [...]oũ|ced hym by the preaching of God, Moſes and Aaron,Exod. 8. verſ. 7. [...] & 24. Vide Apoc. 9, verſ. 3. at a [...]eg. 8. verſ. 37. Egypt was puniſhed with froggles & diuers kinde of flyes, as is expreſt at full in holy writte, and agayne vpõ Pharao his ſey|ned promiſes (the ſecretes of whoſe hollowe heart God perfectly knewe) at the inſtraunce of Moſes, theſe plagues were appeaſed, & the vermine quite extinguiſhed, ſo, I pray you, is it ſo abſurde a poſition to helde, that Saint Patricke finding the Iriſh prieſt to embrace the Goſpell, as he dyd in very déede, might ſtande ſo higly in God his fauor, as through hir earneſt peticion made to God, the poyſo|ned woormes ſhoulde be abandoned? This is not ſo rare a thing vppon the implanting of Chriſtian fayth in any region, but rather a propertie incidẽt thereto, according to Chriſt his promiſe.Gregor. homel. 29. in euang. Marc. 16. verſ. 17. Signa autem eos, qui crediderint, haec ſequentur, In nomine meo daemonia eij|cient: linguis loquentur nouis: Serpentes tol|lent: & ſi mortiferum quid biberint, non eis nocebit: ſuper aegros manus imponẽt, & bene habebunt. And theſe token ſhal follow them the beléeue, In my Name ſhall they caſt out Deuils, they ſhall ſpeake with new tongues: they ſhall dryue awaye Serpentes, and if they drinke any deadly thing, if ſhal not hurt them: they ſhall lay handes on the ſicke, and they ſhall be cured. Wherefore, ſith it is ſo euidẽtly warranted by Scripture, that in the name of Ieſus, Serpentes may be driuen away, if Irelande be found through any ſuch meanes to be deuoyde of poyſoned woormes, we are aſcribe the glory hereof to God, ac|cording to the ſaying of the Prophete, A do|minio factum eſt iſtud, Pſal. 117. verſ. 22. & eſt mirabile in oculis noſtris, That hath béene done by God, and it ſéemeth woonderfull in our eyes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thus farre (gentle Reader) enchroching vpon thy pacience I haue employed my tra|uaile in defending my natiue countrey, a|gainſt ſuch as labour to diſtayne it with their ſclaunderous ſcoffes. Touching the prici|pall queſtion, whether S. Patricke dyd expell poyſoned Woormes out of Irelande, or whe|ther it be the nature of the ſoyle, as I ſayd in the entrie of this diſcourſe, ſo I ſaye agayne, that I weigh not two chippes, which way the winde bloweth, bycauſe I ſée no incõuenience that may inſue either of the affirmatiue or negatiue opinion. And therefore if M. Cope had dealt as modeſtly as Cambrienſe, the auc|tour of Polichronicon, or others, that ſtoode to the denyall, haue done, he ſhoulde haue gone [...]trée with his complices, and haue made in Mounterbanckwyſe the moſt he coulde of his wares. But for that he woulde néedes ſée further in a milſtone, then others, & not onely ſolenberly diſprooue the tryniall opinion, but ſcornefullye ſclaunder an whole royalme, wherein he ſhall finde his ſuperiours in ho|nour, his betters in parentage, his Péeres in learning, his mates in wiſedom, his equalles in courteſie, his matches in honeſtie: I muſt craue him, to beare it paciently, if, by crying him quittaunce, I ſerued him with a diſhe of his owne cookerie. And if for this my ſtraight dealing wyth him (whereto I was the ſooner led, for that as it is courteſie to mollifie wilde ſpeaches with milde aunſweres, ſo I recken it for good pollicie nowe and then to cleane knurd knobbles with crabbled wedges) he wil ſéeme to take pepper in the noſe, for any re|compence he is like to haue at mine handes, he may wype his noſe in his ſléeue. And if it ſhall ſtande with his pleaſure, to reply either in Engliſhe, or in Latine (the occaſiõ of which is rather of him growen then by me giuen) he ſhall finde me willing, if God ſpare me health, to reioyne with him in ſo good a qua|rell, eyther in the one language or the other, and when both tales are hearde, I beſhrowe him, for any part, that ſhall be driuen to the wall.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Cambrienſe reporteth of hys owne know|ledge,The Ber|nacie. and I heare it auowed by credible per|ſons, that Bernacles thouſandes at once are EEBO page image 581 noted along the ſhores in Ireland to hang by the beakes, about the edges of putrified tym|ber, as ſhips, oares, maſtes, anckerholdes, & ſuche lyke, which in proceſſe takyng liuely heate of the ſunne, become waterfoules, and at their tyme of ripeneſſe eyther fall into the ſea, or flye abroad into the ayre The ſame do neuer couple in y^e act of generatiõ, but are frõ time to tyme multiplied, as before is expreſt.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Sabel. part. 3. Ene. 10. lib. 5. Camb. lib. topog. diſt. 1. rub. 15. Thom. p. 3. q. 31. ar. 4. corp. Aeneas Syluius writeth hymſelfe to haue purſued the like experiment in Scotlande, where he learned the truth hereof to be found in the Iſlandes Orchades. Giraldus Cambri|enſe gathereth hereof a pretye concluſion a|gainſt the Iewes in this wyſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Reſpice infoelix Iudaee, reſpice, vel ſerò, pri|mam

hominis generationem ex limo ſine mare & foemina: Secundamque ex mare ſine foemina, ob legis venerationem, diffiteri non audes: Tertiam ſolam ex mare ſcilicet & foe|mina, quia vſualis eſt, dura ceruice approbas & affirmas. Quartam veró, in quâ ſola ſalus eſt ex foemina ſcilicet ſine mare obſtinata malitia in propriam perniciem deteſtaris. Erubeſce mi|ſer, erubeſce, & ſaltem ad naturam recurte, qua [...] ad argumenta fidei, ad inſtructionem noſtram noua quotidie animalia ſine omni mare vel foemina procreat & producit. Prima ergo ge|neratio ex limo, & haec vltima ex ligno, Ill [...] quidem quoniam à domino naturae tantum ſemel, ideo ſemper obſtupenda proceſſit. Iſtam verò non minus admirabilem, minus tamen ad|mirandam (quia ſaepe fit) imitatrix natura ad|miniſtrat. Sic enim compoſita eſt humana na|tura, vt nihil, preter inuſitatum & rarò contin|gens vel precioſum ducat vel admirandũ. Solis ortum & occaſum, quo nihil in mundo pul|chrius, nihil ſtupore dignius, quia quotidie vi|demus, ſine omni admiratione praeterimus. E|clipſin verò ſolis, quia rarius accidit, totus or|bis obſtupeſcit. Ad idem etiam facere videtur, flatu ſolo, & occulta quadam inſpiratione citra omnem mixturam apum ex fauo procreatio.

Compare 1587 edition: 1

Marke thou wretched Iew, ſayth Cambri|enſe, marke yet at length, the firſt creation of man (that is of Adam) of earth without male or female. As for the ſeconde, of a man with|out a woman (that is to ſaye Eue) for that thou haſt the olde law in reuerence, thou da|reſt not deny. As for the third, both of man and woman, becauſe it is daily vſed as ſtiffe|neckt as thou art, thou doeſt acknowledge and confeſſe. But the fourth procreation, in which conſiſteth our onely iuſtification (he meaneth the incarnation of Chriſt) of a wo|man without man, with ſturdy and obſtinate rancor to thine vtter deſtruction thou doeſt deteſt. Bluſh therfore thou vnhappy Iew, be aſhamed of this thy folly, and at the leſt wyſe haue recourſe to nature, and ſettle hir works before thine eyes, that for the encreaſe of fayth, & to the leſſonyng of vs, daily breedeth and engendreth new liuing creatures, with|out y^e coupling of maſcle of female. Adã was created of earth, the Bernacles are engende|red of wood, becauſe Adam was once created by him, who is Lord of nature, therfore it is continually admired. But for that dame na|ture the counterfaytreſſe of y^t celeſtial work|man, eſtſoones bréedeth Bernacles, therefore theyr broode is accompted more maruellous, then to be marueiled, more wonderfull then woondered. For ſuch is the f [...]myng of man his nature, as he déemeth nothing precious or woonderfull, but ſuch thinges as ſeldome happen. What may be thought more beauti|full then the courſe of the ſunne? And yet be|cauſe we ſée it daily riſe and ſet, we let it o|uerſlip vs, as an vſuall cuſtome, without any ſtaring or gazyng. Yet we are amazed and a|ſtonied at the Eclipſe, becauſe it happeneth very ſeldome.Bées how they are increaſed.

The Bées that are engendred of the hony combe onely by a puſſe or ſecrete breathing, without any coupling, ſeme to vp|hold this procreation of Bernacles, Hitherto Cambrienſe, with whome concerning the en|gendryng of Bées,

Iohan. de. 5. Gem. in lib. de exempl. & ſimili. re|rum lib. 4. c. 31.

whether y^e Bernacle be fiſhe or fleſhe.

Cambri. lib. 1. topog. diſt. [...]. r [...]. 1 [...] Polichr. lib. 1. c. 32.

Iohannes de ſancto Gemi|niano accordeth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 The inhabitantes of Ireland are accuſto|med to mooue queſtion, whether Bernacles be fiſhe or fleſhe, and as yet they are not fully reſolued, but moſt vſually the religious of ſtricteſt abſtinence doe eate thẽ on fiſh dayes. Giraldus Cambriẽſe, and after him Polichro|nicon, ſuppoſe, that the Iriſhe cleargy in this poynt ſtray. For they hold of certaintie, that Bernacles are fleſhe. And if a man ſay they had eaten a collop of Adam his leg, he had ea|ten fleſh. And yet Adam was not engendred of maſcle or female, but only created of clay, as the Bernacles of wood and rotten timber. But the Iriſhe clergy did not ſo farre ſtraye in their opinion, as Cambrienſe and Polichro|nicon, in their diſproofe. For the framing of Adam and Eue was ſupernatural,

Adam and Eue onely by God created.

Auguſt ſu|per Geneſ. ad lit. lib. 9. c. 18.

only done by God, and not by the helpe of Aungels, or any other creature. For like as it ſurpaſſeth natures courſe to raiſe the dead, to lighten or enſight the blynd, ſo it ſtoode not with the vſu|all and common linage of nature, but onely with the ſupereminent power of God, to frame a man of clay, & a woman of a mans rib. But the engendring of Bernacles is na|turall, and not ſo woonderfull as Cambrienſe maketh it. And therfore the examples are not lyke. Now it ſhould ſéeme that in Cambrienſe his tyme, the Iriſhe clergy builded their rea|ſon vpõ thys plot. What ſo euer is fleſh, is na|turally EEBO page image 9 begotten or engendred of fleſh. Ber|nacles are not naturally engendred of fleſhe, but onely of tymber and woode, Bernacles therfore are not fleſh, vnleſſe you would haue them to be wooden fleſh. And if the reaſon be ſo knit, it may not be diſioincted by Cambri|enſe his example. As if a man ſhould argue thus. She that is begotten of any man, muſt be of force daughter to that mã. [...]uef. 11. [...]ſ. 29. Melcha was begotten of Aran: ergo, Melcha was Arans daughter. This argument is of all partes ſo fortified, as it ſéemeth of all ſides to be em|pregnable. Yet a buſie brayne Sophiſter ca|uilling on the terme (begottẽ) might ſay, that Eue was begotten of Adam, and yet ſhe is not Adams daughter.

[...]e [...] and [...] of no [...]nt.

[...]m. p. 1. q [...]t. 2. ad. [...].

True it is that Adam was not Eues father, no more thẽ Eue was Adames mother, neither by that engendring was there any degrée of conſanguinitie ſprõg betwene them. But becauſe, the word (begot|ten) is taken in the argument for the naturall engendring of man and woman, the inſtance giuẽ of Eue doth not diſprooue the maior. And for the better vnderſtandyng of the queſtion; it is to be noted that the philoſophers diſtin|guiſh animalia ſenſitiua,

[...]m. p. 1. [...]art. 2. [...]m

Liuing [...]ngs are [...] [...]es.

[...]om. p. 1. [...] 10.1. m [...]enna.

that is, ſẽſible liuing thinges, into two ſortes, perfect and imper|fect. The perfect are they that are engendred of ſeede, the vnperfect without ſéede. Thoſe that are naturally engendred with ſéede, can neuer be naturally engendred without ſéede. Albeit Auicenna very erroniouſly holdeth y^e contrary. As for example. Becauſe man is naturally engendred of man and woman, no man may naturally be engendred without the copulation of man and womã: yet ſuper|naturally it may be. [...]eneſ. 2. [...]erſ. 7. [...]eneſ. 2. [...]erſ. 21. [...]eth. 1. [...]erſ. 30. [...]a [...]e. 1. [...]erſ. 34. As Adam was made without man and woman: Eue framed with out woman: Our Sauiour Chriſt begotten without man. And therfore the Deuill could not haue attainted hym of originall ſinne. Contrarywiſe, the vnperfect may be engen|dred without ſéede by myre, mudde, dung, ca|rien, [...]de Ariſt. [...]. Meter. [...]p. 3.6.7. rotten timber or any other thyng, and chiefly by the ſecret influence and inſtillation of the celeſtiall planets, as the ſunne and ſhots other. As if you put the heire of an horſe taile, in mire, puddle, or in a dunghill for a certaine ſpace, it will turne to a little then ſpraulyng worme, which I haue often ſeene and experi|mented. And they are termed vnperfect, not in reſpect of their own nature, in which they are perfect, but in compariſon of other ſorte of liuyng thinges. Amonge this crew muſt Bernacles be ſetled. But here ſome will ſay: let them be perfect or vnperfect. What then? I would fayne knowe, whether Cambrienſe be in an errour, or the Iriſhe cleargy. For hi|therto I ſée nothyng, but Cambrienſe his rea|ſon diſproued. And it is often ſéene that a ſound opinion may be weakened by a féeble reaſon, as we ſée many fayre garmentes marde in the makyng. It is true: And if any be deſirous, to know my mynd herein, I ſup|poſe, according to my ſimple iudgement,The Ber|nacle ney|ther fiſhe nor fleſh. vn|der the correction of both parties, that y^e Ber|nacle is neither fiſhe nor fleſhe, but rather a meane betwene both. As put the caſe it were enacted by parliament, that it wer high trea|ſon, to eate fleſh on Friday, and fiſh on Son|day. Truely I think that he that cateth Ber|nacles both theſe dayes, ſhould not be within the compaſſe of the eſtatute: yet I would not wiſh my frend, to hazard it, leaſt the Berna|cle ſhould be found in law fiſhe or fleſhe, yen and perhaps fiſhe and fleſh. As when the Ly|on, king of beaſtes made proclamation, that all horned beaſtes ſhould auoyde his courte, one beaſt hauing but a bunche of fleſhe in hys forehead, departed with the reaſ [...], leaſt it had bene founde in law that his bunche were an horne. But ſome wyll peraduenture mer|uaile, that there ſhould be any liuyng thyng, that were not fiſhe nor fleſhe. But they haue no ſuch cauſe at all. Neates, fleſhe wormes, bées, butterflies, caterpillers, ſnailes, graſſe|hoppers, béetels, earewicks, reremiſe, frogs wades, addors, ſnakes, and ſuch other, are li|uyng thinges, and yet they are neither fiſhe, nor fleſh, nor yet red hering. As they that are trayned in ſcholaſticall poyntes may eaſily iudge. And ſo I thinke, that if any were ſo ſharpe ſet (the eſtatute, aboue reherſed, pre|ſuppoſed) as to eate fryed flies, butterd bées, ſtued ſnailes, either on Friday or ſonday, he could not be therefore endited of hau [...]e trea|ſon, albeit I would not be his gueſt, vnleſſe I toke his table to be furniſh [...] with more whol|ſome and ſleopus diaund.

The ſell whether it be fiſhe or fleſh.

Thom. p. 1. a 71. a 1.0.3.0.

The like queſtion may be mooued of the ſell, and if it were well canuaſſed, it would be found at the leaſt wyſe a moote caſe. But thus farre of Bernacles.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Irelande is ſtored of Cowes, of excellent horſes; of hawkes, of fiſhe and of foule. They are not without woolues and grayhoundes to h [...]ue them, bigger of bone and limme then a colt. Their cowes, as alſo y^e reſt of their cat|taile, and commonly what [...]e ſo euer the countrey engendr [...]th (except man) is muche leſſe in quantitie then thoſe of England, or of other realms. Shéepe few,Shéepe. and thoſe bearing courſe fléeſes, whereof they ſpin notable rug. Their ſhéepe haue ſhort & cu [...]t tailes. They ſhéere their ſhéepe twiſe yearely, & if they be left vnſhorn, they are therwith rather pained then otherwiſe. The countrey is very fruite|full both of corne and graſſe. The graſſe (for default of good huſbandry) ſuffered vncutte, EEBO page image 582 groweth ſo rancke in the north partes, that oftentymes it rotteth theyr cattell.Egle. Egles are well known to bréede in Ireland, but neither ſo big,The Iriſh hobby. nor ſo many as bookes tell. The horſes are of pace eaſie, in running wonderful ſwift in gallop both falſe and full indifferent. The nagge or the hackney is very good for trauei|ling,The Nagge. albeit others report the contrary. And if he be broken accordingly, you ſhall haue a li|tle titte, that will traueyle a whole day with|out any bayt.The chiefe horſe. Their horſes of ſeruice are cal|led chiefe horſes, being well broken, they are of an excellent courage. They reyne paſſing|ly, and champe vppon their bridles brauely, commonly they amble not, but galloppe, and run. And theſe horſes are but for ſkirmiſhes, not for traueilyng, for their ſtomackes are ſuch, as they diſdaine to be hacknied. There|of the report grew, that the Iriſh hobby wyll not hold out in traueilyng.The moon|grel hobby. You ſhall haue of the third ſort, a baſtarde or mongrell hobby, néere as tall as the horſe of ſeruice, ſtrong in traueilyng, eaſie in amblyng, and very ſwift in running. Of the horſe of ſeruice they make great ſtore, as wherin, at tymes of nede, they repoſe a great péece of ſafetie.Volat lib. 3. Geog. Aſturcones This broode Volaterane writeth to haue come from Aſtu|rea, the country of Hiſpayne, betwene Galli|cia and Portugall, wherof they were named Aſturcones, a name now properly applied to the Hiſpaniſh Genet.

1.2. Of the nature of the soile, and other incidents. The second chapter.

Of the nature of the soile, and other incidents. The second chapter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 _THe soile is low and wate|rish, including diuerse little Ilands, inuironed with lakes & marrish. Highest hils haue standing pooles in their tops. Inhabitants especialllie new come, are subiect to distilla|tions, rheumes and fluxes. For remedie whereof, they vse an ordinarie drinke of Aqua vitae, being so qualified in the making, that it drieth more, and also inflameth lesse than other Aqua vitae. hot confections doo. One Theoricus wrote a proper treatise of Aqua vitae, wherein he praiseth it vnto the ninth degrée. He distinguisheth thrée sorts there|of, Theoric. Episc. Hermenensis in Romanula iuxta Bononi|am. Simplex, Composita, and Perfectissima. He declareth the simples and ingrediences thereto belonging. He wisheth it to be taken as well before meat as after. It drieth vp the breaking out of hands, and killeth the flesh wormes, if you wash your hands therewith. The commo|dities of A|qua vitae. It scowreth all scurfe & scalds from the head, being therewith dailie washt before meales. Being mo|deratlie taken (saith he) it sloweth age, it strength|neth youth, it helpeth digestion, it cutteth flegme, it abandoneth melancholie, it relisheth the heart, it lighteneth the mind, it quickeneth the spirits, it cureth the hydropsie, it healeth the strangurie, it pounceth the stone, it expelleth grauell, it putteth awaie all ventositie, it kéepeth and preserueth the head from whirling, the eies from dazeling, the toong from lisping, the mouth from ma [...]ling, the teeth from chattering, and the throte from ratling: it kéepeth the weasan from stifling, the stomach from wambling, and the heart from swelling, the bellie from wirtching, the guts from rumbling, the hands from shiuering, & the sinewes from shrinking, the veines from crumpling, the bones from aking, & the marrow from soaking. Vlstadius also ascribeth Vlst. in coelo philos. vel de secret. [...]t. cap. 11. thereto a singular praise, and would haue it to burne being kindled, which he taketh to be a token to know the goodnesse thereof. And trulie it is a souereigne liquor, if it be orderlie taken.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The aire is verie holesome, not generallie so cleare and subtill as that of England. The weather is more temperat, being not so warme in summer, nor cold in winter, as it is in England and Flan|ders. The countrie is stored with bees, contrarie to the opinion of some writers, who both in this and o|ther errors, touching this countrie, may easilie be excused, as those that wrote by hearesaie. No vine|yards, yet grapes grow there as in England. They doo lacke the Robucke, as Polychronicon writeth. Poly. lib. 1. cap. 32. They also lacke the bird called the pie. Howbeit in the English pale to this day, they vse to tearme a flie cousener, a wilie pie. Giraldus Cambrensis in his Wilie pie. Camb. part. 1. dist. 3. time complaineth, that Ireland had excesse of wood, & verie little champaine ground; but now the English pale is too naked: turffe is their most fewell and No vene|mous worme in Ireland. seacole. No venemous creeping beast is brought forth, or nourished, or can liue in Ireland, being brought or sent. And therefore the spider of Ireland is well knowne not to be venemous, onelie because a frog was found lieng in the medowes of Water|ford Camb. part. 1. dist. 1. somewhat before the conquest, they construed it to import their ouerthrow.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Bede writeth, that serpents conuesed into Ire|land Bed. lib. 1. Angl. Hist. cap. 1. did presentlie die, being touched with the smell of the land, that whatsoeuer came from Ireland was then of souereigne vertue against poison. He exem|plifieth in certeine men, stung of adders, who dranke in water the scrapings of bookes that had béene of Ireland, and were cured. Generallie it is obserued, the further west, the lesse annoiance of pestilent cre|tures. The want whereof is to Ireland so peculi|ar, that whereas it laie long in question, to whether realme, Britaine or Ireland, the Ile of Man should The contro|uersie of the Ile of Man decided. apperteine: the said controuersie was decided, that for somuch as venemous beasts were knowen to bréed therein, it could not be a naturall part of Ire|land. And contrariwise, the Orchades are adiudged Orchades opp [...]ant to Irela [...] Hector Boet. in Scot. reg. descrip. pag. 9. Sect. 50. Camb. topo. lib. 1. dist. 1. rub. 29. to be appendant to Ireland, because those Ilands, neither bréed nor foster anie venemous worme, as Hector Boetius auoucheth. Giraldus Cambrensis writeth that he heard certeine merchants affirme, that when they had vnladen their ships in Ireland they found by hap some toads vnder their balast. And they had no sooner cast them on the shore, than they would puffe and swell vnmeasurablie, & shortlie after turning vp their bellies, they would burst in sunder. And not onelie the earth and dust of Ire|land, but also the verie thongs of Irish leather haue the verie same force and vertue. I haue séene it, saith Cambrensis, experimented, that a toad being Cam. ibid. rub. 30. 31. incompassed with a thong of Irish leather, and crée|ping thitherward, indeuering to haue skipt ouer it, Irish leather expelieth ve| [...]mous wormes. suddenlie reculed backe, as though it had béene rapt in the head: wherevpon it began to sprall to the o|ther side. But at length perceiuing that the thong did embaie it of all parts, it began to thirle, and as it were to dig the earth, where finding an hole, it siunke awaie in the presence of sundrie persons.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 It happened also in my time, saith Giraldus Cam|brensis, Cambr. in co. dem loco. that in the north of England a knot of yong|kers tooke a nap in the fields: as one of them laie snorting with his mouth gaping, as though he would EEBO page image 14 haue caught flies, it happèned that a snake or adder slipt into his mouth, and glided downe into his bel|lie, where harboring it selfe, it began to roame vp and downe and to féed on the yoong man his entrals. The patient being sore distracted and aboue mea|sure tormented with the biting pangs of this grée|die ghest, incessantlie praied to God, that if it stood with his gratious will, either wholie to bereaue him of his life, or else of his vnspeakeable mercie to ease him of his paine. The worme would neuer ceasse from gnawing the patient his carcasse, but when he had taken his repast, and his meat was no sooner digested, than it would giue a fresh onset in boring his guts. Diuerse remedies were sought, and medi|cins, pilgrimages to saints, but all could not pre|uaile. Being at length schooled by the graue aduise of some sage and expert father, that willed him to make his spéedie repaire to Ireland, would tract no time, but busked himselfe ouer sea, and arriued in Ireland. He did no sooner drinke of the water of that Iland, and taken of the vittels of Ireland, but forthwith he kild the snake, auoided it downe|ward, and so being lustie and liuelie he returned in|to England. Thus far Giraldus Cambrensis.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 There be some that moue question, whether the want of venemous wormes be to be imputed to the whether ve|nemous wormes were expelied Ire|land through the praiers of saint Patrike. propertie of the soile, or to be ascribed to the praiers of saint Patrike, who conuerted that Iland. The greater part father it on saint Patrike, especiallie such as write his life aswell apart, as in the legend of Irish saints. Giraldus Cambrensis disaffirmeth flatlie that opinion, and taketh it to be a secret or hidden propertie naturallie vnited to the soile, from whom Polychronicon dooth not swarue. For my part as I am wedded to neither of both the opinions, so Polychr. lib. 1. cap. 32. I would haue béene easilie persuaded, being neither hot nor cold in the matter, to rest as a lukewarme neuter, in omitting the one and the other vnskand, were it not that one maister Alan Cope, or some o|ther that masketh vnder his visours, more slan|derouslie than pithilie had busied himselfe therein. Wherefore, sith I may with better warrant defend my natiue countrie, than he or his betters may re|prooue it, especiallie where his slanderous reports are vnderpropt with flim flam surmises: I purpose vnder maister Cope his correction to cope and buc|kle with him herein: and before he beare the ball to the goale, to trip him if I may in the way. And be|cause (gentle reader) I mind to make thée an indif|ferent vmpier in this controuersie, for the better vn|derstanding of the matter, I will laie downe mai|ster Cope his words, in such wise as they are im|printed in his booke. First therefore thou must vn|derstand, that his booke is made in dialog wise, a kind of writing as it is vsed, so commended of the learned. In these dialogs Irenaeus an English|man and Critobulus a Germane plaie the parts. Irenaeus entresh into the [...]age, and in this wise be|ginneth.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Incipiam à sancto Paulo: nosti in Melita (quam hodie Alan. Copus dialog. 3. acd. 28. Maltam appellant) Paulum viperam à manu pendentem in ignem excussisse. In ea insula scorpiones, qui alibi sunt laetales, Pauli, vt creditur, munere sunt innoxij.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Critobulus. Fortasse hoc habet à natura.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Irenaeus. Falleris: nam insulant, vt Lucas refert, clama|bant, delatum eò parricidam, cui cùm mare pepercisset, trati dij serpentes, qui eum tollerent, immisissent: nec quicquam ma|gis quàm praesentem eius mortem expectabant. A qua cùm ille tantùm abesset, vt nihil omnino damni aut doloris inde sentiret, in admirationem acti, dixerunt, eum longè supra hominem esse, & deum sub humana specie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Critobulus. Sic est, vt dicis.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Irenaeus. Caetera itaque audi. Especu, ad quem diuertis|se dicitur, colliguntur lapides in tota fermè Europa salutares Adhaec, quos nasci octauo calendas Februarij contingit (qui di|es conuersionis eius memoriae dicatus est) quaecunque eos orbis pars in lucem proferat, non horrent nec formidant angues, imò, quod magis est, sola saliua horum morsibus medentur. Id quod homo doctissimus & diligentissimus Thomas Fazellus nuper Thomas Fazellus. prodidit, vsu ipso rerum, & certis, ni fallor, exemplis ab eo obseruatum.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Critobulus. Ista quidem digna sunt obseruatione: & iam recordor, me legisse ac saepiùs audisse, precibus beati Patri|cij Hiberniae apostoli, ei regioni simile beneficium indultum, ne ea insula aliquid laetale pariat. Dicifortassè inde à nonnullis solet, nihil esse in Hibernia venenati praeter ipsos homines, quod propter feros & agrestes eorum mores dictum à plerisque accipitur.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Irenaeus. Eam regionem nihil pestiferum aut venenatum alere, tum ex multorum sermonibus, tum ex Beda intelligo: Bed. lib. 1. Ang. hist. c. 1. adeò vt terra illius regionis exportata, pestifera ac venenata animalia extinguat. Verùm id quicquid est, non Patricio, sed Sententia de|finitiua Solin, cap 35. naturae regionis tribuo, propterea quòd longè antè Patricium natum constet, eam fuisse eius regionis dotem, quam non est difficile alibi reperiri.

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I will begin (saith Irenaeus) with saint Paule. You know that in Melita (which at this daie is called Malta) saint Paule flung into the fire a viper that stucke or did cleaue to his hand. In that Iland scor|pions which are elsewhere deadlie or venemous, are become through the gift of saint Paule (as it is sup|posed) harmelesse.

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Tush (quoth Critobulus) that may be percase incident to the nature of the soile.

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Naie then (replieth Irenaeus) you are in a wrong box. For the Ilanders (as saint Luke mentioneth) showted, that a parentquellor was brought thither, and because he was not swallowed in the gulfes of the sea, the gods being in their fustian fumes, sent serpents to slaie him. And they looked for nothing sooner than to see him euen at a twinkling to perish. But when they perceiued him to be so farre distant from death, as that he susteined no harme, ne felt a|nie paine, the people therewith amazed, said he far surpassed mans estate, & that he was a god inuested in man his shape.

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You haue reason (answereth Critobulus) you haue hit the naile on the head.

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Yea but I praie you clip not my tale (saith Ire|naeus) but take me with you. Stones are culled in the caue or den wherein saint Paule is said to haue bai|ted or soiorned, which stones in maner in all Europe are souereigne medicines to cure the bitings and stinges of scorpions and serpents. Furthermore, they that are borne the fiue and twentith of Ianua|rie (which daie is named the conuersion of S. Paule) in what part soeuer of the world they are borne, they feare not or grudge not at snakes: yea, that which is more to be admired, the stingings of poisoned worms are healed by the verie spittle of this Ianuarie brood. Which thing hath béene of late published by a well lettered man Thomas Fazellus, to haue béene curi|ouslie noted of him, as well by proofe and experience, as by sure and substantiall examples, if I take not the matter amisse.

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Then commeth in Critobulus, whome maister Cope maketh (I will not saie the vice or hicscorner) but the plesant conceipted gentleman of this enter|lude, and fetcheth a long leape (for I am sure he could not iumpe so farre) from Malta to Ireland, and fra|meth his tale in this sort. By the faith of my bodie sir, here is stuffe woorth the noting. And now I call to mind, that I haue read and often heard, that the like benefit hath béene imparted to Ireland, through the praiers of saint Patrike the apostle of the said I|land, that is to saie, that Ireland breedeth no vene|mous worme. And therevpon percase some are ac|customed to saie, that there is no poisoned or vene|mous EEBO page image 15 thing in Ireland, but onelie the people, which is taken to haue beene said of most men for their brutish and sauage maners.

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To this (saith Irenaeus) I am doone to vnderstand by the report of diuerse, and also by Bede, that no poi|soned or venemous thing is bred in that realme: in somuch that the verie earth of that countrie being brought into other realmes, killeth all venemous and poisoned worms.

But let the matter fall out which waie it will; I ascribe that propertie not to Iudgement. saint Patrike, but to the nature of the soile, because it hath béen knowen long before saint Patrike was borne, that Ireland was indued with that propertie, which is elsewhere easie to be found. Hitherto Mai|ster Cope.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In this discourse (gentle reader) thou seest that Maister Cope handleth two principall points, the propertie of Malta, and the nature of Ireland in de|stroieng venemous worms, the one he ascribeth to the blessed apostle saint Paule, the other he will not in anie wise impute to saint Patrike. Touching the first, as I haue no occasion to intermeddle there|in, so I purpose not for the quarell I haue to the person, to disprooue his opinion so farre as it standeth with truth. Wherefore that God that of his bounti|full goodnesse gaue the grace to Moses, to turne Aa|rons rod into a serpent, to turne the riuer into Exod. c 7. verse 10. bloud, and to worke diuerse other effects that are mentioned in the scripture; to Iosu. c. 10 verse 13. Iosue, to staie the sun; to 3 Reg 17 verse 22. and Eccles. 48 verse 50. Elias to raise the dead child; to Act 3 vers. 7. Peter to make the lame go; to heale Act 9. ver. 34. Eneas; to reuiue Act 9 vers 40 Ta|bitha; yea with his verie Act 5 vers. 13. shadow to cure the sicke; and the God that gaue to that Paule, of whome mai|ster Cope speaketh, his gratious gift to make the Act. 14 verse 10. lame go; to Act 20 verse 10 & 11. quicken and raise the deceased, and for his sake to Act. 27 ver [...] 23 Act. 9 vers. 43 Act. 28 verse 9. salue his fellow passengers: it is not to be denied, but that God would impart his goodnes to anie region, euen the sooner that any of his blessed seruants would harborough there. And as I doubt not but Simon the tanners house was nothing the woorse for lodging so happie a ghest as Peter: so I am sure Malta was farre the better for harboring so blessed a traueller or passenger as Paule. Which S. Luke letteth not to tell, declaring that all they which were sicke in the Iland, flocked to Paule, and were cured; and also that the patient that was father to Publius, in whose house they were thrée daies verie courteouslie interteined, was by S. Paule healed. Which cure as well of that patient, as of the residue of the Ilanders, did not onlie extend to their bodies, but chéetlie & especiallie to their soules, according to the opinion of the learned diuines. For as our saui|or Augu. tract. 30 in Iohan. Th. p 3 q. 44. u. 3 ad. 3 m. Iesus Christ was neuer thought to cure anie ones bodie, but he would also heale his soule: so it must be thought of his apostles, in whose steps both in life and miracles they traced. And therfore the learned hold opinion, that S. Paule being in Malta expelled from diuerse of their soules the old serpent that deceiued our progenitors Adam and Eue; for which God is Gen. 3 vers. 13. to be magnified and glorified. Thus much I thought good here to insert, as a clause not wholie swaruing from that we treat of, and also that I would be found prest and readie, as farre as my simple skill stretch|eth, to vnderstand anie opinion that tendeth to the honor and glorie of God.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Howbeit forsomuch as M. Cope hath so strictlie dealt with Ireland, as with a countrie nothing ap|perteining to this matter, I trust he will pardon me, to be somewhat bold with him, touching the hi|storie of Malta, that as his negligence shall be in the one disshrowed, so his slanderous iudgement maie be in the other reuersed. First therfore where he wri|teth, that the inhabitants of Malta Clamabant, that is, tried, or showted, it was not so. The Gréeke text run|neth, [...], Dicebant ad inuicem, that is Act. 28. vers. 4. to saie, They mutte [...]ed one to an other. And saint Luke paraphraseth his meaning after. For when they perceiued that the viper did not annoie Paule, then saith saint Luke, Conuertentes se, dicebant eum esse deum; They turning the one towards the other, whi|spered or muttered that Paule was a god. Now put Saint Paul [...] heard not the inhabitants of Malta. the case they cried, as M. Cope saith, is it like that Paule was so busie in making of a fire, or that his eares did wander so farre off, as that he could not heare them? And if he heard them, thinke you that he would haue béene whist, in hearing God so farre blasphemed, as that he would suffer himselfe to be de|f [...]ed? No trulie. He would haue taken on, as he and Act. 14. vers. [...] 12, 13, 14. Barnabas did at Listris, where the inhabitants named them gods, Barnabas to be Iupiter, and Paule, for that he was well spoken, to be Mercurie. For when the apostles heard of their idolatrie, ren|ting their clothes, they rusht into the throng, crieng and speaking, that they were mortall men, &c. In which place S. Luke putteth an expresse difference as it were of set purpose, betwéene both the words, Clamantes & dicentes. M. Cope addeth further, Dela|tum eò parricidam, and yet the Gréeke hath [...], Omninò interfector, or as the vulgar text is, Vtique homicida est homo hic. So that they tooke him to be but a manquellor, yet M. Cope maketh him a parricide, which is woorse. For although euerie parricide be a manquellor, yet E conuerso, euerie manquellor is not a parricide.

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M. Cope procéedeth further, Irati dij, serpentes, qui cum tollerent, immisissent: The gods being angrie sent serpents to dispatch Paule.

And yet forsooth, all these serpents were but one viper, as is plainelie exprest in the text, vnlesse M. Cope would teach saint Luke to tell his tale after the finest fashion, least the apo|stle should haue béene thought to haue [...]itoned. As A parson his sermon. the parson that preached to his parishoners of the go|spell, wherein mention is made of them that Christ fed in the desert, or wildernesse. O (quoth the parson) what a Christ was that, that with fiue barlie loaues, and fiue fishes fed fiue hundred persons. The clerke hearing his master to grate ouerlong on that point, for he did often iterate that sentence, stole vp to the pulpit, and plucking the parson by his gowne, whi|spered in his eare that Christ fed fiue thousand. Hold thee contented thou foolish fellow (quoth the parson) if I should tell mine hearers of so great a number, I should but discredit the gospeller, and they would not beléeue me. So it fareth with M. Cope. Belike he mistrusted, that if he had said, that one viper could haue slaine Paule, the reader would haue suspected the vntruth of the matter: bicause it carrieth great likelihood with it, that one man could withstand one viper: and therefore to saue saint Luke his credit, he increaseth the number by putting the plurall for the singular. Whereas therefore it standeth with M. M. Cope his rhetorike. Cope his pleasure, to florish in his rhetoricall figure named, Veritatis superlatio; in terming muttering, showting, a manquellor, a parricide, one viper, ser|pents: he must be borne withall, if in the heat of his figure he step a little awrie in the remnant of his dis|course. For thus he saith.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 And therevpon it is reported percase by some men, that there is nothing venemous or poisoned in Ireland, but the men and women. Which is taken to haue beene spoken by most men for their brutish and sauage maners. Here (good reader) thou must vnder|stand that M. Cope putteth the text downe and the glose. The tert is, There is nothing in Ireland vene|mous but the inhabitants. The glose is, This is said to haue béen spoken for their brutish and sauage con|ditions. Now well harpt by saint Lankfield. Here is a glose, I vndertake you, sutable to the text. But EEBO page image 16 let vs sée, how cunninglie M. Cope beequiteth him|selfe. First he obserueth not Decorum personae, second|lie he followeth not Decorum dialogi, thirdlie he shew|eth herein little diuinitie. Touching the first point, who knoweth not, that these iapes and gibes are one|lie fit for ruffians, vices, swashbucklers & tospots. And trulie they beeset a diuine as well, as for an asse to twang quipassa on a harpe or gitterne, or for an ape to friske trenchmoore in a paire of buskins and a doublet. The heathen misliked in an orator squiri|litie, what should be thought then of a diuine, whome Cic. lib. 2. de orat. saint Paule would haue to be sober, modest, graue, and wise? Unlesse M. Cope leaning to the letter of saint Paule his words would beare vs in hand, that 1. Tim 3. vers. 2. & 3. saint Paule would haue modestie to rest onelie in bishops. We are commanded in the old and new te|stament, to loue our neighbors as our selues. Which dooth implie, that we ought not to slander our neigh|bours.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 And shall a diuine then speake vncharitablie, not onelie of one, but of an whole realme, and not onelie speake but also write, yea and that in the language that is vniuersallie spoken, thoroughout the greater part of the world, vpon no sure ground, but onelie vpon hearesaie, weieng not what the prophet writeth, Perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendaciũ, Thou shalt destroie Psal. 5. ver. 7. Sapient. 1. Vide August in cundem Psal. all them that speake vntruths? And were it that anie such flim flam flirts were soothed by anie person of credit; yet (as me seemeth) it would stand more with the grauitie of a diuine, that such childish quips, and scornefull tawnts should sooner by his meanes chari|tablie be whisted, than thorough his procurement car|pinglie published. I will stand no longer on this point, but onelie craue M. Cope to resort to the fift Matth. 5. vers. 22. of Matthew, and there peruse Christ his verdict tou|ching slanderous toongs. To come to the second part, in which he obserueth not Decorum dialogi, thou shalt vnderstand (good reader) that Critabulus, or Crito|bulus, whome M. Cope maketh his bagpipe to belch out his rancour, is a Germane borne, as M. Cope saith, who séemeth to be Critabulus his godfather. Now let anie one, that is acquainted with the ma|ners of Germans, iudge, if it be decent, that one of them should scoffe and scorne the conditions and fa|shions of other countries. I will not speake by heare saie, as M. Cope dooth, but by eiesight. I could ne|uer espie nor probablie haue I heard it reported, no not of the méere sauage Irish, such quaffing, such swilling, such bolling, such gulling, such brutish drunkennesse, such surfetting, such vomitting, as I haue seene some Germans doo. In good sooth it is knowne, and for my part I haue seene it being be|yond The German his friendship. the seas, that in their carowsing and cup friend|ship, they threaten such kindnesse on their compani|ons, that least their felowes should mistrust them with double dealing, they will not sticke to shew them the bottome of their stomachs; & to the end they should take the better view thereof, they will place it now and then in their neighbors bosome.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Thus when they haue cast their gorges, they clap on their thrumd hats, and run like bedlem barre|tors into the stréets with their naked flatchets, and there they keepe such a stinking sturre with hacking of stones, with hewing of blocks, with thwitting of stocks, with striking of stalles, with thumping at doores, that it would make a horsse breake his halter, to see so drunken a pageant. In fine, this qualitie is so naturallie ingraffed in the greater part of them, that a famous diuine did not sticke of late to saie o|penlie in his lecture, that drunkennesse in that coun|trie man, was either Peccatum originale or Accidens in|separabile. I write not this (I take God to record) to the reproch or slander of that countrie (being loth to commit the selfe same fault that I reprehend in anie other) but onelie my meaning is to settle before she reader his eies the absurditie of M. Cope, in fra|ming poore Critabolus to flout Ireland, considering that if he cast his eie homeward, he shall find as fil|thie puddle in his owne countrie, as in other realms. And therefore this quip sate as vnseemelie in his mouth, as for an whoore to reprehend bitcherie, or for an vsurer to condemne simonie. For as there is nothing lesse to be tollerated, than for anie one to haue an other to account for his life, that can yeeld no account of his owne: so there is nothing that ought to moozzell vp anie one from rebuking other nations, than to sée the misdemeanor of his owne natiue countrie. I would wish M. Critabolus or M. Cope, if it shall please him to make vp the mu|ster, with indifferencie to weie the estate of Ireland, and so without parcialitie to frame his iudgement.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Ireland, and especiallie the ruder part is not sto|red Ireland hem it maie be re|formed. with such learned men as Germanie is. If they had sound preachers, and sincere liuers, that by the imbalming of their carian soules with the swéet and sacred flowers of holie writ, would instruct them in the feare of God, in obeieng their prince, in obser|uing the lawes, in vnderpropping in ech man his vo|cation the weale publike; I doubt not, but within two or thrée ages M. Critabolus his heires should heare so good a report run of the reformation of Ire|land, as it would be reckoned as ciuill as the best part of Germanie. Let the soile be as fertile and betle as anie would wish, yet if the husbandman will not manure it, sometime plow and eare it, sometime harrow it, sometime till it, sometime marle it, some|time delue it, sometime dig it, and sow it with good and sound corne, it will bring foorth wéeds, bindcorne, cockle, darnell, brambles, briers, and sundrie wild shoots. So it fareth with the rude inhabitants of Ire|land, they lacke vniuersities, they want instructors, they are destitute of teachers, they are without prea|chers, they are deuoid of all such necessaries as ap|perteine to the training vp of youth: and notwith|standing all these wants, if anie would be so fro|wardlie set, as to require them, to vse such ciuilitie, as other regions, that are sufficientlie furnished with the like helps; he might be accounted as vnrea|sonable, as he that would force a créeple that lacketh both his legs to run, or one to pipe or whistle a gali|ard that wanteth his vpper lip.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 But such is the corrupt nature of vs worldings, and me thinketh such vaine humors are not vtterlie dried vp in our sage and mortified diuines. We are most commonlie giuen rather to tawnt that which is amisse, than to praise that which is good; and rather we follow the spider in soking the poison, than in imitating the bee by sucking the honie. Now that it appeareth, that it was not sitting for the author being a diuine, to write so vncharitablie, nor for M. Crita|bolus being a Germane to carpe other countries so snappishlie: let vs see what wholesome diuinitie hath beene here vttered, and how well the sinewes of M. Critabolus his argument shall be found to hang to|gither, when the an atomie therof by peecemeale shall be examined. I call to mind (quoth M. Critabolus) that I haue read and often heard, that the like benefit hath béene granted to Ireland through the praiers of S. Patrike. M. Critabolus read & heard that by the praiers of S. Patrike, Ireland hath no venemous worme: Ergo some hold opinion, that the poison re|steth onlie in the people. Truly this argument hang|eth togither by verie strange gimbols. And I dare say, M. Cope neuer learned this kind of reasoning in the famous college of Magdalene in Oxford, what so|euer M. Critabulus did in Germanie. But let vs put the logike apart, & scan the singular point of diui|nitie. I would gladlie lerne in what part of scripture EEBO page image 17 or in what ancient father M. Critabulus read or heard (for most of his learning hath béene, as it séemeth, purchased by heare-saie) that anie holie pre|lat, that came of meere charitie to conuert a coun|trie from night to light, from rudenesse to know|ledge, from infidelitie to christianitie, from vice to vertue; from the diuell to God (which dooth implie an especiall zeale in saluing their soules) would purge the soile of all venemous wormes, & leaue the soules that haue more néed to be wéeded, wholie infected with the contagion of vice and sinne. Wherby insueth that the place is better than the inhabitants, and so consequentlie the saieng of the Machabées must be falsified: Non propter locum gentem, sed propter gentem lo|cum Deus elegit: God did not choose the people for the 2. Mac. 5. ver. 19. place, but he elected the place in respect of the peo|ple. Our sauiour Iesus Christ dispossessing the pati|ent of the legion of diuels, permitted them to enter Luc. 8. ver. 32. into an heard of hogs. Critabulus would haue Christs saints doo the contrarie, to dispossesse the hogs, and to leaue the men possessed with diuels. For so he reporteth saint Patrike to haue doone, by rid|ding the land of all poisoned wormes, & leauing the rancour to lurke in the people. Trulie if the matter stood so farre out of ioint, I doubt not, but the Ilan|ders might haue come as lawfullie to him, as the Gergesens came ingratefullie to Christ, requiring him to depart their countrie. For such a scoffing pre|lat, Luc. 2. ver. 37. his roome had béene better than his companie, sith his abode would tend rather to the peruerting, than the conuerting of their Iland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Hitherto thou hast heard (gentle reader) how gal|lantlie Critabulus hath plaied his part: now shall I desire thée to view how sagelie Ireneus claspeth vp all the whole controuersie. He saith it is the nature of the soile, not to breed anie venemous worme, and that was incident thereto before saint Patrike was borne. How prooue you that sir? Pleaseth you to skew your ele towards the margent, and there shall you find the fiue and thirtith chapter of Solinus solemn|lie quoted. Touching this matter, there is nothing in Solinus but this: Illic anguis nullus, auis rara, In Ire|land is no snake, and seldome a bird, & yet birds are as commonlie there as in anie other countrie. But I would gladlie vnderstand how this authoritie of Solinus furthereth M. Ireneus his opinion. Ire|land bred no snake before saint Patrike was borne: Ergo it ingendred no toad, no adder, no frog, nor anie other virulent worme. As if a man would reason thus: Before saint Patrike his time there was no horssemill in Ireland: Ergo before his time there was no milhorsse. Certes he that would wind vp his conclusion so fondlie, might be thought to haue as much wit as a rosted horse. This authoritie of So|linus is so far from vpholding Ireneus his asserti|on, as that it plainelie séemeth quite to ouerthrow it, & as it were in his owne turne, it giueth him a fall.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 For the cause whie saint Patrike was mooued to expell all the venemous wormes out of Ireland, might probablie haue béene coniectured, to haue pro|céeded of this; that he perceiuing the land to bréed no snakes, therof was occasioned, for the furthering of christian faith, to expell other kind of wormes that lucked there before his comming, as toades, adders, blindworms, frogs, &c. Héere perchase M. Cope may blench me, in replieng that Anguis may be [...]ction. construed generallie for all kind of vermine, and so I might be taken tard [...]e in building my discourse vpon a misconstruction.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In good sooth to omit what strange and absurd sig|nification [...]. Anguis should beare, by notifieng a poiso|ned spider and such like, and in mine opinion further from the purpose, than the father that dissuading his sonne from plaieng on sundaie, fortified his reason with the old said saw, Non est bonum ludere cum sanctis, It is not good, quoth he, to plaie on sundaies or holie daies. Is it (thinke you) fellonie or treason, to bring the credit of Solinus in question, for mistaking An|guis aswell as Auis? For as he was grossie deceiued in the one, in writing that birds were rare in Ire|land; so might he haue straied as likelie in the other, by disburdening Ireland of all venemous wormes, bicause the Iland wanted in his time but one or two kinds, as a snake and a toad. Where a man buildeth vpon euerie twatling and pratling rumor, and his Rumor cat|cheth [...]ethers. eie is not his iudge, he may be sure, that such flieng fales will catch manie feathers before they come at him that is as far distant from their nests, as So|linus was from Ireland when he wrote his pamph|let. The proofe whereof as it is dailie tried, so not ma|nie yeares past hath béene verie pretilie verefied. There was a gentleman of mine acquaintance that met his enimie in the fields, where they both vpon a trifling quarell fought so fréendlie, as they had more néed to haue beene grapled togither with cables, than parted by indifferent sticklers. Howbeit, bicause the gentleman was neuer before flesht, and yet no|thing at all that daie, for each of their blowes did commonlie light on the medow where they fought; a friend of his reported well of him to an other, sai|eng, that he was like in time to prooue a proper man of his hands, for the well handling of his weapon in his late combat. Wherevpon soone after, the other doubling the gentleman his praise, gaue notice to an other, that such a gentleman (naming him) fought valiantlie such a daie in such a place. Immediatlie vpon this in a shire or two off, it was noised that the partie praised, fought with two at once in such a place, naming the medow. At length it was bruted, that he fought foure seuerall daies; and I am well as|sured that was the first fraie that euer he made, and I thinke it will be the last, vnlesse he be forced mau|gre his heart to the contrarie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Not long after it happened, that a gentleman and I trauelled abroad the countrie of set purpose to dis|port our selues, and so to returne afresh to our books, where entering in communication with a blunt countrie lob (yet such an one as tooke his halfepenie to be good siluer) that knew the foresaid champion. My companion and I made wise, as though we were not acquainted with him, or euer heard of the combat: Now in good faith gentleman (quoth he) A fréendlie commenda|tion. you would doo verie well to enter in acquaintance with him; for ouer this, that he is a gentleman a|bundantlie endued with singular good qualities, he is become of late so valiant a cutter, as he maketh blading his dailie breakefast. By saint Marie, quoth my companion, that is verie cold rosse, and if his breakefasts be no better than a péece of coldyron, I little weigh how seldome I take a repast in his com|panie at anie such ordinarie. Naie, my meaning is (quoth the other) that he vseth to fight fresh and fast|ing euerie morning, in so much that of late, I dare bide by it, he fought eight daies in one weeke. At which words I for my part could not refraine from laughing, séeing how demurelie the fellow kept his countenance, and how that he spake Bonafide. Where|vpon I shaped him an answer and said, that I neuer heard of anie that fought eight daies in one weeke, but onelie in old time, when fiue quarters made vp the yeare.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The fellow perceiuing that he ouershot himselfe, replied: Sir, you take me verie short, as long and as verie a lowbie as you imagine to make me: my meaning is, that he fought eight seuerall times in one weeke. Eight times (quoth my companion) then belike he fought once aboue commons. For you told vs right now, that he made his fraie his morning EEBO page image 18 breakefast, and whereas there are but seauen daies in the wéeke, & he fought (as you report) eight times, and you know that eight maketh one aboue seauen, and seauen maketh six and one vnder eight; either you must confesse that he fought out his breakfast, dinner, beuer or supper; or else you must grant that there be eight daies in one wéeke, or at the least two breakefasts in one daie: and that I am sure you will confesse to be as great an absurditie as the other. Naie (quoth the clowne) and you intrap me with such sophistrie, you shall dine, sup and breake your fast a|lone for me, and therewithall departed. Wherby may be gathered, that if he had bin soothed vp, & his toong let to run at libertie vncontrold, like a bowle that runneth in a smooth allie without anie rub, he would haue brought himselfe to that baie, as he would not sticke to saie that his fréend had fought eight daies in one houre. Wherefore as this pudding his pricke grew at length by report to an huge post, so the want of one venemous worme in Ireland, being bruted in forten realmes, might haue beene so thwitted and mangled in the cariage before it came to Solinus his eares, as he might haue beene informed, that the countrie was denoid of all venemous woormes, whereas indéed there lacked but one kind.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Like as God of his iustice punisheth a countrie that is hardhearted, with outward wormes: so of his mercie they are remooued from a realme that is pliant to follow his lawes and precepts. As when Pharao would not listen to God his threats denoun|ced him by the preachers of God, Moses and Aaron, E [...]od. [...]. vers. 7, 17, [...] 24. Vide Apoc. 9. verse 3, at 2. Reg. 8. verse. 37. Egypt was punished with frogs and diuerse kind of flies, as is exprest at full in holie writ: and againe vpon Pharao his feined promises (the secrets of whose hollow heart God perfectlie knew) at the in|stance of Moses, these plagues were appeased, and the vermine quite extinguished: so I praie you, is it so absurd a position to hold, that saint Patrike find|ing the Irish priest to embrace the gospell, as he did in verie deed, might stand so highlie in God his fauor, as through his earnest petition made to God, the poisoned woormes should be abandoned? This is not so rare a thing vpon the implanting of christian faith in anie region, but rather a propertie incident there|to, according to Christ his promise: Signa autem eos, qui crediderint, haec sequentur; In nomine meo daemonia eijcient: Gregor. hom. 29. in euang. Mar. 16. v. 17. linguis loquentur nouis: serpentes tollent: & si mortiferum quid biberint, non eis nocebit: super aegros manus imponent, & bene habebunt. And these tokens shall follow them that beléeue; In my name shall they cast out diuels, they shall speake with new toongs, they shall driue awaie serpents, and if they drinke anie deadlie thing it shall not hurt them: they shall laie hands on the sicke, and they shall be cured. Wherefore, sith it is so euidentlie warranted by scripture, that in the name of Iesus, serpents may be driuen awaie, if Ireland be found through anie such means to be deuoid of poisoned wormes, we are to ascribe the glorie hereof to God, according to the saieng of the prophet; A do|mino factum est istud, & est mirabile in oculis nostris, That hath béene doone by God, and it séemeth woonderfull Psalm. 117, verse. 22. in our eies.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Thus farre (gentle reader) incroching vpon thy patience, I haue imploied my trauell in defending my natiue countrie, against such as labour to di|staine it with their slanderous sco [...]es. Touching the principall question, whether S. Patrike did expell poisoned wormes out of Ireland, or whether it be the nature of the soile, as I said in the entrie of this discourse; so I saie againe, that I weigh not two chips which waie the wind bloweth, bicause I sée no inconuenience that may insue either of the affirma|tiue or negatiue opinion. And therefore if M. Cope had dealt as modestlie as Cambrensis, the author of Polychronicon or others, that stood to the deniall, h [...]ue doone; he should haue gone scotfree with his complices, and haue made in mounterbankwise the most he could of his wares. But for that he would needs sée further in a milstone than others, and not onelie slenderlie disprooue the triuiall opini|on, but scornefullie slander an whole realme, wherein he shall find his superiors in honour, his betters in parentage, his peeres in learning, his mates in wis|dome, his equals in courtesie, his matches in hone|stie: I must craue him to beare it patientlie, if by crieng him quittance, I serued him with a dish of his owne cookerie. And if for this my streict dea|ling with him (wherevnto I was the sooner led, for that as it is courtesie to mollifie wild speaches with mild answers, so I reckon it for good policie now and then to cleaue knurd knobs with crabbed wedges) he will séeme to take pepper in the nose, for anie recom|pense he is like to haue at mine hands, he may wipe his nose on his sléeue. And if it shall stand with his pleasure, to replie either in English or in Latine (the occasion of which is rather of him growne than by me giuen) he shall find me willing, if God spare me health, to reioine with him in so good a quarrell, ei|ther in the one language or the other: and when both tales are heard, I beshrow him, for my part, that shall be driuen to the wall.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Cambrensis reporteth of his owne knowledge, The bar|nacle. and I heare it auowed by credible persons, that bar|nacles thousands at once are noted along the shores in Ireland to hang by the beakes, about the edges of putrified timber, as ships, oares, masts, anchor holds, and such like, which in processe taking liuelie heat of the sunne, become waterfoules, and at their time of ripenesse either fall into the sea, or flie abroad into the aire. The same doo neuer couple in the act of generation, but are from time to time multiplied, as before is exprest.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Aeneas Syluius writeth himselfe tohaue pursued Sabel. part. [...]. Ene. 10. lib. 5. Cam. lib. to|pog. dist. 1. rub. 15. Thom. p. 3. q. 31. ar. 4. corp. the like experiment in Scotland, where he learned the truth hereof to be found in the Ilands Orchades. Giraldus Cambrensis gathereth hereof a pretie con|clusion against the Iewes in this wise following:

Respice infoelix Iudaee, respice, vel serò, primã hominis generati|onem ex limo sine mare & foemina. Secundámque ex mare sine foemina, ob legis venerationem, diffiteri non audes. Tertiam solam ex mare scilicet & foemina, quia vsualis est, dura cer|uice approbas & affirmas. Quartam verò, in qua sola salus est ex foemina scilicet sine mare obstinata malicia in propriam per|niciem detestaris. Erubesce miser, erubesce, & saltem ad natu|ram recurre, quae ad argumenta fidei, ad instructionem no|stram noua quotidie animalia sine omni mare vel foemina procreat & producit. Prima ergo generatio ex limo, & haec vltima ex ligno. Illae quidem quoniam à Domino naturae tan|tùm semel, ideò semper obstupenda processit. Istam verò non minùs admirabilem, minus tamen admirandam (quia saepè fit) imitatrix natura administrat. Sic enim composita est huma|na natura, vt nihil, praeter inusitatum & rarò contingens vel pretiosum ducat vel admirandum. Solis ortum & occasum, quo nihil in mundo pulchrius, nihil stupore dignius, quia quo|tidie videmus, sine omni admiratione praeterimus. Eclipsin verò solis, quia rariùs accidit, totus orbis obstupescit. A [...] idem etiam facere videtur, flatu solo, & occulta quadam inspira|tione citra omnem mixturam apum ex fauo procreatio.

Compare 1577 edition: 1

Marke thou wretched Iew, saith Cambrensis, marke yet at length the first creation (that is of A|dam) of earth without male or female. As for the se|cond, of a man without a woman (that is to saie Eue) for that thou hast the old law in reuerence, thou darest not denie. As for the third, both of man and woman, bicause it is dailie vsed as stiffeneckt as thou art, thou dooest acknowledge and confesse. But the fourth procreation, in which consisteth our onelie iustification (he meaneth the incarnation of Christ) EEBO page image 19 of a woman without man, with sturdie and obstinat rancor to thine vtter destruction thou doost detest. Blush therefore thou vnhappie Iew, be ashamed of this thy follie, and at the least wise haue recourse to nature, and settle hir works before thine eies, that for the increase of faith, and to the lessoning of vs, dailie bréedeth & ingendreth new liuing creatures, without the coupling of mascle or female. Adam was created of earth, the barnacles are ingendred of wood, bicause Adam was once created by him, who is Lord of nature, therefore it is continuallie admi|red. But for that dame nature the counterfeitresse of the celestiall workeman, est soones bréedeth barna|cles, therefore their brood is accompted more mar|uellous than to be maruelled, more woonderfull than woondered. For such is the framing of man his na|ture, as he deemeth nothing pretious or woonderfull, but such things as seldome happen. What may be thought more beautifull than the course of the sunne? And yet bicause we sée it dailie rise and set, we let it ouerslip vs as an vsuall custome, without anie sta|ring or gazing. Yet we are amazed and astonied at the eclipse, bicause it happeneth verie seldome.

The bées that are ingendred of the honie combe, onlie by a puffe or secret breathing without anie coupling, Bées how they are in|gendered. séeme to vphold this procreation of barnacles. Hi|therto Cambrensis, with whom concerning the in|gendring of bées Iohannes de sancto Geminiano accordeth. Iohan. de S. Gem. in lib. de exempl. & si|mili. rerum li. 4. c. 31, whether the barnacle be fish or flesh. Cambr. lib. 1. topog. dist. 1. [...]ub. 15. Polychr. lib. 1. c. 32.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The inhabitants of Ireland are accustomed to mooue question, whether barnacles be fish or flesh, & as yet they are not fullie resolued; but most vsuallie the religious of streictest abstinence doo eat them on fish daies. Giraldus Cambrensis, and after him Po|lychronicon suppose, that the Irish cleargie in this point straie. For they hold of certeintie that barna|cles are flesh. And if a man saie they had eaten a collop of Adam his leg, he had eaten flesh. And yet Adam was not ingendred of mascle or female, but onelie created of claie, as the barnacles of wood & rotten timber. But the Irish clergie did not so farre straie in their opinion, as Cambrensis & Polychro|nicon, in their disproofe. For the framing of Adam Adam & Eue onelie created by God. August. super Genes. ad lit. lib. 9. c. 18. and Eue was supernaturall onelie doone by God, & not by the helpe of angels or anie other creature. For like as it surpasseth natures course to raise the dead, to lighten or insight the blind, so it stood not with the vsuall & common linage of nature, but onlie with the supereminent power of God, to frame a man of claie, and a woman of a mans rib. But the ingendring of barnacles is naturall, & not so woon|derfull as Cambrensis maketh it. And therefore the examples are not like.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Now it should séeme that in Cambrensis his time, the Irish clergie builded their reason vpon this plot. What soeuer is flesh, is naturallie begotten or in|gendred of flesh; barnacles are not naturallie in|gendred of flesh, but onelie of timber and wood; bar|nacles therfore are not flesh, vnlesse you would haue them to be wooden flesh. And if the reason be so knit it may not be disiointed by Cambrensis his example. As if a man should argue thus. She that is begotten of anie man, must be of force daughter to that man; Melcha was begotten of Aran; Ergo Melcha was A|rans Genes 11. verse 29. daughter. This argument is of all parts so for|tified, as it séemeth of all sides to be impregnable. Yet a busie braine sophister cauilling on the terme (begotten) might saie, that Eue was begotten of A|dam, and yet she is not Adams daughter. True it is Adam & Eua of no kin. Thom. p. 1. q 92. art. 2. ad. 3. [...]. that Adam was not Eues father, no more than Eue was Adams mother, neither by that ingendring was there anie degree of consanguinitie sprong be|twéene them. But bicause the word (begotten) is ta|ken in the argument for the naturall ingendring of man and woman, the instance giuen of Eue dooth not disproue the Maior. And yet for the better vn|derstanding of the question, it is to be noted that the philosophers distinguish Animalia sensitiua, that is, sen|sible Thom. p. 1. q. 91. art. 2. ad 2. m Liuing things are of two sorts. Thom. p. 1. q. 71. 1. 0. 1. m. Auicenna. liuing things, in two sorts, perfect and vnper|fect. The perfect are they that are ingendred of seed, the vnperfect without seed. Those that are naturallie ingendred with séed, can neuer be naturallie ingen|dred without séed: albeit Auicenna verie erronious|lie holdeth the contrarie: as for example.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Bicause man is naturallie ingendred of man and woman, no man may naturallie be ingendred with|out the copulation of man and woman: yet super|naturallie it may be. As Adam was made without Gen. 2. vers. 7. Gen. 2. ver. 21. Mat. 1. ver. 10 Luc. 1. vers. 34 man and woman: Eue framed without woman: our sauiour Christ begotten without man. And ther|fore the diuell could not haue attainted him of origi|nall sinne. Contrariwise, the vnperfect may be in|gendred without séed by mire, mud, doong, carien, rotten timber, or anie other thing; and chieflie by the secret influence and instillation of the celestiall pla|nets, Vide Arist. lib. 1. Meteor. ca. 3. 6. 7. as the sunne and such other. As if you put the haire of an horsse taile in mire, puddle, or in a doong|hill for a certeine space, it will turne to a little thin spralling worme, which I haue often séene & experi|mented. And they are termed vnperfect, not in re|spect of their owne nature, in which they are perfect, but in comparison of other sorts of liuing things. Among this crue must barnacles be setled. But here some will saie; Let them be perfect or vnperfect, what then? I would faine know, whether Cambrensis be in an errour, or the Irish clergie. For hitherto I sée nothing, but Cambrensis his reason disprooued. And it is often séene that a sound opinion may be weake|ned by a féeble reason, as we sée manie faire gar|ments mard in the making. It is true: and if anie be desirous to know my mind herein, I suppose, ac|cording The barnacle neither fish nor flesh. to my simple iudgement, vnder the correc|tion of both parties, that the barnacle is neither fish nor flesh, but rather a meane betwéene both. As put the case it were enacted by parlement, that it were high treason to eat flesh on fridaie, and fish on sun|daie. Trulie I thinke that he that eateth barnacles both these daies, should not be within the compasse of the estatute: yet I would not wish my friend to hazard it, least the barnacle should be found in law fish or flesh, yea and perhaps fish and flesh. As when the lion king of beasts made proclamation, that all horned beasts should auoid his court, one beast ha|uing but a bunch of flesh in his forehead departed with the rest, least it had béene found in law that his bunch were an horne.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 But some will peraduenture maruell, that there should be anie liuing thing, that were not fish nor flesh. But they haue no such cause at all. Nits, fleshwormes, bees, butterflies, caterpillers, snailes, grassehoppers, beetels, earewikes, reremise, frogs, toads, adders, snakes, & such other, are liuing things, and yet they are neither fish nor flesh, nor yet red her|ring: as they that are trained in scholasticall points may easilie iudge. And so I thinke, that if anie were so sharpe set (the estatute aboue rehearsed, presuppo|sed) as to eat fried flies, butterd bees, stued snailes, either on fridaie or sundaie, he could not be therefore indicted of haulte treason; albeit I would not be his ghest, vnlesse I tooke his table to be furnisht with more wholesome and licorous viands. The like que|stion The sell whe|ther it be fish or flesh. Thom. p. 1. a. 7 [...] a. 1. 0. 3. 0. may be mooued of the sell, and if it were well canuassed, it would be found at the leastwise a moot case. But thus farre of barnacles.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Ireland is stored of cowes, of excellent horsses, of hawkes, of fish and of foule. They are not without woolues & greihounds to hunt them, bigger of bone and lim than a colt. Their cowes as also the rest of EEBO page image 20 their cattell, and commonlie what else soeuer the countrie ingendreth (except man) is much lesse in quantitie than those of England, or of other realms. Shéepe few, and those bearing course fleeses, whereof they spin notable rug. Their shéepe haue short and Shéepe. curt tailes. They shéere their shéepe twise yearelie, and if they be left vnshorne, they are therewith ra|ther pained than otherwise. The countrie is verie fruitfull both of corne and grasse. The grasse (for de|fault of good husbandrie) suffered vncut, groweth so ranke in the north parts, that oftentimes it rotteth their cattell. Egles are well knowen to bréed in I|reland, Egle. but neither so big, nor so manie as bookes tell. The horsses are of pase easie, in running woonder|full The Irish hobbie. swift, in gallop both false and full indifferent. The nag or the hackeneie is verie good for trauel|ling, albeit others report the contrarie. And if he be The nag. broken accordinglie, you shall haue a little tit that will trauell a whole daie without anie bait. Their horsses of seruice are called chiefe horsses, being The chiefe horsse. well broken they are of an excellent courage. They reine passinglie, and champe vpon their bridels brauelie, commonlie they amble not but gallop and run. And these horsses are but for skirmishes, not for trauelling, for their stomachs are such, as they dis|daine to be hacknied. Thereof the report grew, that the Irish hobbie will not hold out in trauelling. You shall haue of the third sort a bastard or mongrell hob|bie, The mongrell hobbie. néere as tall as the horsse of seruice, strong in trauelling, easie in ambling, and verie swift in run|ning. Of the horsse of seruice they make great store, as wherin at times of néed they repose a great péece of safetie. This brood Volaterane writeth to haue Volat. lib. 3. Geog. Asturcones. come from Austurea, the countrie of Hispaine, be|twéene Gallicia and Portugall, whereof they were named Asturcones, a name now properlie applied to the Hispanish genet.