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1.15. Of the generall conſtitution of the bodyes of the Brytaines. Cap. 14.

Of the generall conſtitution of the bodyes of the Brytaines. Cap. 14.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 5 THoſe that are bredde in this Iſlande are men for the moſt part of a good complet|ion, tall of ſtature, ſtrong in body, white of coulour, and thereto of great boldeneſſe and courage in ye warres. For ſuch hath béene the eſtimation of engliſh ſouldiers from time to time, ſince our Iſle hath béene knowne vnto the Romaines, that whereſoeuer they haue ſerued in forrein countries, the chiefe brunts [...] ſeruice haue béene reſerued for them. Of their con [...]ueſtes and bloudy battailes wo [...]ne in Fraunce, Germany, and Scotlande, our hiſtories are full: and where they haue béene ouercome, the victors themſelues confeſſed their victories to haue ben ſo dearely bought, that they woulde not gladly couete to ouer|come EEBO page image 39 often, after ſuch difficult maner. In martiall proweſſe, there is little or no diffe|rence betwene Engliſhmen and Scottes, for albeit that the Scottes haue béene often and very grieuouſly ouercome by the force of our nation, it hath not béene for want of manhood on their partes, but through ye mercy of God ſhewed on vs, and his iuſtice vpon them, ſith they alwaies haue begun the quarels and of|fred vs méere iniurie with great deſpite and crueltie. Leland noting ſomewhat of the cõ|ſtitution of our bodies, ſayeth theſe wordes, the Britaines are whyte in coulour, & ſtrong of body, as people inhabiting néere the north, and farre from the Equinoctiall line, where contrariewyſe ſuch as dwell towarde the courſe of the ſunne, are leſſe of ſtature, wea|ker of body, more fearfull by nature, blacker in coulour, and ſome ſo blacke in déede as a|nye Crow or Rauen, thus ſayeth he. Howbe|it, as theſe men doe come behinde vs in con|ſtitution of bodie, ſo in Pregnancie of witte, nimbleneſſe of lymmes, and pollitike inuen|tions, they generally excéede vs: notwithſtã|ding that otherwiſe theſe giftes of theirs doe often degenerate, into méere ſubtiltie, inſta|bilitie, [...]rmis [...]genio [...]tur vnfaithfulneſſe and crueltie. We ther|fore dwelling néere the North, are common|ly taken by forrein Hyſtoriographers and o|thers, to be men of great ſtrength and little policie, much courage and ſmall ſhift: & thus doth Comineus burden vs after a ſort in hys hiſtory. But thanked be God, that all the wit of his countrymen coulde neuer compaſſe to doe ſo much in Britaine, as the ſtrength and courage of our Engliſhmen, (not without great wiſedome, and forecaſt) haue brought to paſſe in Fraunce. Certes in accuſing our wiſedome in this ſorte, he doth in mine opi|nion increaſe our commendation, for if it be a vertue to deale vprightly with ſingleneſſe of minde: ſincerely and plainly, without any ſuſpicious fetches in all our dealinges, then are our countreymen to be accompted ver|tuous. But if it be a vice to coulour crafti|neſſe, ſubtile practiſes, doubleneſſe and hollow behauiour, with a cloke of pollicie, amitie and wiſedome, then are Comineus and his com|panie to be reputed vicious. How theſe latter pointes take holde in Italy, I meane not to diſcuſſe, how they are daily practized in many places of the maine, and he accompted moſt wyſe and pollitike, that can moſt of all diſ|ſemble, here is no place iuſtly to determine, (neyther woulde I wiſhe my countrymen to learne any ſuch wiſedome) but that a king of Fraunce, coulde ſay, Qui neſcit diſsimulare, neſcit regnare, their owne hyſtories are teſti|monies ſufficient. But to procéede with our purpoſe. With vs [...] doe liue an hundred yeares, very many [...]oure ſower ſcore: as for thrée ſcore; it is taken but for our enteraunce into age, ſo that in Britain, no man is ſayde to were old til he draw vnto thre ſcore. Theſe two are alſo noted in vs (as thinges appar|tayning to the firme conſtitutions of our bo|dies) that there hath not béene ſéene in any Region ſo many cartaſſes of the dead to re|maine from time to time without corruption as in Britain: and that after death by ſlaugh|ter or otherwyſe ſuch as remayne vnburied by foure or fiue dayes togither are eaſte to be knowen and diſcerned by their friendes and kinred, wheras Tacitus and other complaine of ſundry nations, ſaying, that their bodies are tam fluidae ſubſtantiae, that within cer|taine houres the wife ſhall hardely knowe hir huſbande, the mother hir ſonne, or one friende another, after their liues be ended. I might here adde ſomewhat alſo of the meane ſtature generally of our women, [...] beau|tie commonly excéedeth the faire [...] thoſe of the maine, their comlynes of perſon and good proportion of limmes, moſt of theirs ye come ouer vnto vs from beyonde the ſea. I coulde make report likewyſe of the naturall vices & vertues of all thoſe yt are borne within thys Iſlande, but as the tractation thereof craueth a better head then mine to ſet it forth, ſo I will giue place to other men, that liſt to take the ſame in hand. Thus much therfore of the conſtitutions of our bodies, and ſo much may ſuffice.

1.16. How Britayne grew at the firſt to be deuided into three portions. Chap. 1.

How Britayne grew at the firſt to be deuided into three portions. Chap. 1.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 AFter the commyng of Brutus into this Iſland (which was as you haue red in the aforeſayd treatize, about the yere of ye world, 2840 or 1127 before ye incarnation of Chriſt) he made a general ſuruey of the whole Iſlãd from ſide to ſide, by ſuch meanes to view and ſearch out not onely the limites and boundes of his dominions, but alſo what commodities this new atchieued conqueſt might yeld vnto hys people. Furthermore, findyng out at the laſt alſo a couenable place wherein to erect a citie, he began there euen ye very ſame, which at this day is called London, namyng it Tre|nouanton, in remembraunce of olde Troye, from whence hys aunceſters procéeded, & for which the Romaines pronounced afterward Trinobantum, although the Welchmen doe call it ſtill Trenewith. This city was builded as ſome write, much about the tenth yeare of his raigne, ſo yt he lyued not aboue 15. yeares EEBO page image 49 after he had finiſhed ye ſame. But of ye reſt of hys other actes attempted and done, before or after the erection of this city, I finde no cer|tayne report, more then that when he had raigned in this Iſland after his arriuall by the ſpace of 24. yeares, he finiſhed his dayes at Trenouanton aforeſayde, beyng in hys young and floriſhyng age, where at his car|caſe was honorably interred. As for the ma|ner of hys death, I finde as yet no mention therof among ſuch writers as are extant. I meane whether it grew vnto him by defect of nature, or force of grieuous woundes recey|ued in hys warres agaynſt ſuch as withſtood him from tyme to tyme in this Iſlande, and therefore I can ſay nothing of that matter. Herein onely all agrée, that duryng the tyme of his languiſhing paynes, he made a diſpoſi|tion of his whole kyngdome, deuiding it into thrée partes or portions, according to the nũ|ber of his ſonnes then liuing, whereof the ol|deſt excéeded not 28. yeres of age, as my con|iecture gaueth me.Locrine. To the eldeſt therefore, whoſe name was Locrine, he gaue the grea|teſt and beſt Region of all the reſt,Loegria. whiche of hym to this day is called Lhoegres among the Britons, but in our language Englande, of ſuch Engliſh Saxons as made conqueſt of the ſame. This portiõ alſo is included on the ſouth with the Brittiſh ſea, on the eaſt wyth the Germaine Ocean, on the north wyth the Humber, and on the weſt with the Iriſh ſea, and the riuers Dée and Sauerne, wherof in the general deſcription of this Iſland, I haue ſpoken more at large. To Camber his ſecõd ſonne,Camber. Cambria. he aſſigned all that lyeth beyonde the Sauerne and Dée towarde the weſt, (whiche parcel in theſe dayes conteineth Southwales and Northwales) with ſondry Iſlandes ad|iacent to the ſame, the whole beyng in maner cut of and ſeperated from England or Loe|gria by the ſaid ſtreames, wherby it ſéemeth almoſt Pemuſula, or a bye land, if you reſpect the ſmall hilly portion of ground that lyeth indifferently betwene their maine courſes or ſuch branches at the leaſt as run and fall in|to them. The Welchmen or Brytons call it by the auncient name ſtill vnto this day, but we Engliſhmen terme it Wales, which de|nomination we haue from the Saxons, who in time paſt did vſe the word Walſhe in ſuch ſort as we do ſtraunge: for as we cal all thoſe ſtraungers that are not of our nation, ſo dyd they name them Walſhe which were not of their countrey. The third and laſt part of the Iſland he allotted vnto Albanacte hys youn|geſt ſonne (for he had but thrée in all,Albanact. as I haue ſayd before) whoſe portion ſéemed for circuite to be more large, then that of Cam|ber, and in maner equall in greatneſſe wyth the dominions of Locrinus: But if you haue regard to the ſeuerall commodities that are to be reaped by eche, you ſhal find them to be not much diſcrepaunt or differing one from another: for what ſo euer the firſt and ſecond haue in plenty of corne, fine graſſe, and large cattell. This latter wanteth not in excéedyng ſtore of fiſhe, rich mettall, quarries of ſtone, and aboundaunce of wylde foule: ſo that in myne opinion, there coulde not be a more e|quall particion then this made by Brute, and after the aforeſayd maner. This later parcel at the firſt, toke the name of Albanactus, who called it Albania. But now a ſmall portion onely of the Region (beyng vnder the regi|ment of a Duke) reteyneth the ſayd denomi|nation, the reaſt beyng called Scotlande, of certayne Scottes that came ouer from Ire|land to inhabite in thoſe quarters. It is deui|ded from Loegres alſo by the Humber, [...] ſo that Albania as Brute left it, conteyned all the north part of the Iſland that is to be foũd beyond the aforeſayd ſtreame, vnto the point of Catheneſſe. To conclude, Brute hauyng deuided hys kingdome after this maner, and therin conteniyng himſelfe as it were wyth the general title of the whole, it was not lõg after ere he ended his life, and being ſolemn|ly interred at his new city by his thrée chil|dren, they parted eche from other, and tooke poſſeſſion of their prouinces. But Scotland after two yeres fell agayn into the handes of Locrinus as to the chiefe Lord, by the death of his brother Albanact,Locri [...] king [...] of Sc [...]+land. who was ſlayne by Humber kyng of the Seithiẽs, and left none iſſue behynde hym to ſuccéede hym in that kyngdome.

1.17. That notwithſtanding the former diuiſion made by Brute vnto his children, the ſoue|reigntie of the whole Iſlande remained ſtill to the prince of Lhoegres and his poſteritie after him. Chap. xvj.

That notwithſtanding the former diuiſion made by Brute vnto his children, the ſoue|reigntie of the whole Iſlande remained ſtill to the prince of Lhoegres and his poſteritie after him. Chap. xvj.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 IT is poſſible that ſome of the Scottiſh na|tion reading the former chapter will take offence with me for meaning yt the principa|litie of the North partes of this Iſle, hath al|wayes belonged to the kinges of Lhoegres.The Scot [...] alway [...] deſinr [...] to [...] the [...] ſubi [...] haue o [...]|ten [...] cruell [...] odious tempta [...] to be, [...] in [...] For whoſe more ample ſatiſfaction in this behalfe, I will here ſet downe therfore a diſ|courſe therof at large, written by diuers, and nowe finally brought into one Treatiſe, ſuf|ficient as I thinke to ſatiſfie the reaſonable, although not halfe ynough peraduenture to content a wrangling minde, ſith there is or at the leaſt wyſe hath béene nothing more o|dious amõg ſome, then to heare that the king EEBO page image 40 of England hath oughtes to doe in Scotland. How their Hiſtoriographers haue attempted to ſhape a couloured excuſe to auoyde ſo ma|nifeſt a tytle, all men maye ſée that reade their bookes indifferently, whereunto I doe referre them. For my part there is little or nothing of myne herein, more then onely the collection of a number of fragmentes to|gither, wherein chiefly I haue vſed the helpe of Nicholas Adams, who wrate thereof of ſet purpoſe to king Edward the ſixt, as Leland dyd the lyke to king Henry the eyght, Iohn Harding vnto Edwarde the fourth, beſide thrée other, whereof the firſt dedicated hys Treatiſe to Henry the fourth, the ſeconde to Edwarde the thirde, and the thirde to Ed|warde the firſt, as their writinges yet extant doe abund [...]ntly beare witneſſe. The tytle alſo that Lelande giueth his booke, which I haue had written with his owne hands, beginneth in this maner.

Theſe remembraunces follo|wing are found in Chronicles authorized re|maining in diuers nonaſteries both in Eng|lande and Scotlande, by which it is euident|ly knowen & ſhewed, that the kinges of En|gland haue had, and nowe ought to haue the ſouereignetie ouer Scotlande, wyth the ho|mage and fealtie of the kings their reigning from time to time. Herevnto you haue heard already what diuiſiõ Brute made of this Iſ|lande not long before his death, wherof eche of his childrẽ ſo ſone as he was enterred toke ſeiſure and poſſeſſion.
Howbeit after two yeres it happened that Albanact was ſlayne, wherevpon Locrinus and Camber rayſed their powers reuenged his death, and finally the ſayde Loctinus, made an entraunce vpõ Albania, ſeyzed it into his owne handes (as ex|cheated wholly vnto himſelfe) without yéel|ding any part therof vnto his brother Cam|ber, who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the ſame. Herby then ſayth Adams it euidently appeareth that the entier ſeignio|rie ouer Albania conſiſted in Locrinus, accor|ding to which example lykeland among bre|thren euer ſince hath continued, in preferring the eldeſt brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall aſſencion from the youngeſt, aſ|ſwell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine, that is to ſay the ſonne of Mem|pris; ſonne of Madan, ſonne of the ſame Lo|crine, buylded in Albania the caſtle of May|dens nowe called Edenbrough: and the Ca|ſtle of Alcluith or Alclude, now called Dun|briton; as the Scottiſh Hector Boethius con|feſſeth: wherby it moſt euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof ſeaſed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Ebranke reigned in the [...] ouer thẽ a long time, after whoſe death Alba|nia as annexed to the empire of the Britaine, deſcended to the onely king of Britons, vntill the diſcent to the two ſiſters ſonnes, M [...]gan and Conedage, lineall heires from the ſayde Ebranke, who brotherly vpõ the firſt exam|ple deuided ye realme. Morgã had Lhoegr [...], and Conedage ha [...] Alban [...]: but ſhortly af|ter Morgan the elder brother ponde [...]g in hys hed, the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome, excluded nature & gaue place to ambition, and therupõ denouncing warre, death miſerably ended hys life (as the re|warde of his vntruth) wherby Conedage ob|tayned the whole Empire of all Britaine, in which ſtate he remayned during his naturall lyfe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From him the ſame lineally deſcended to the onelye king of Britons, vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian, who had iſſue two ſons, Ferres, and Porres: This Porres requy|ring lyke diuiſion of the lande, affirming the for [...]er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour, was by the handes of his elder bro|ther, both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome be|reued at once: whereupon their vnnaturall mother vſing hir natural malice, for the deth of hir one ſonne, without regard of the loſſing of both, miſerably ſlew the other.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 Cloten by all writers aſwell Scottiſhe as other, was the next inheritour to the whole Empire, but lacking power (the only meane in thoſe dayes to obtayne right) he was con|tented to deuide the ſame among thrée of his kinſmen, ſo that Scater had Albania. But af|ter the death this Cloten his ſonne Dunnal|lo Mulmutius made war [...]e vpon theſe thrée Kinges, and at laſt ouercame them, and ſo re|couered the whole dominion, in token of which victorie, he cauſed himſelfe to be crow|ned with a crowne of gold, the very firſt that was worne among the kinges of this nation. This Dunuallo erected temples, wherein the people ſhoulde aſſemble for Prayer, to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie: he made the [...] for wager of battaile, in caſes of murder and [...]lonte, whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of [...]ighting, ſhoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man, which he had robbed: but he beléeued that the Goddes (for then they ſuppoſed many) would by myracle aſſigne victorie to the innocent partie. The priuileges of which firſt ſawe & benefite of the latter, aſwell in Scotlande as in Englande, be midyed to this day few cau|ſes by late poſitiue lawes among vs excep|ted, wherein the benefite of wager of bat|ta [...]le is expelled [...] by which obedience to hys EEBO page image 50 lawes, it doth manifeſtly appeare, that thys Dunuallo was then ſeaſed of Albania nowe called Scotland: This Dunuallo reigned in thys eſtate ouer them many yeares. Beline & Brenne the ſonnes of this Dunuallo, dyd af|ter theyr fathers death, fauourably deuide the land betwéene them: ſo that Beline had Lo|gres, and Brenne had Albania: but for that this Brenne (a ſubiect) without the conſent of his elder brother and Lord, aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Den|marke: Beline ſeaſed Albania into his owne handes, and thereuppon cauſed the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes, which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall, vnto the the ſea by North Cath|nes in Scotland: & for religion in thoſe daies, he cõſtituted miniſters called Archeflamines in their functions moſt like the aucthoritie of Biſhoppes at this daye, the one of which re|mained at Ebranke now called Yorke, and whoſe power extẽded to ye vttermoſt bondes of Albany, wherby lykewyſe appeareth that it was then within his dominion. After his death the whole Iſle was enioyed by the on|lye kings of Britaine, vntill the tyme of Vi|genius and Perydurus lineall heires from the ſayde Belyne who fauourably made par|ticion, ſo that Vigenius had all the land from Humber ſouth, and Perydurus from thence North all Albania. This Vigenius died, and Perydurus ſuruiued, and thereby obtayned the whole, from whome the ſame quietly diſ|cended, and was by his poſteritie according|ly enioyed, vnto the reigne of king Coell, of that name the firſt. In hys tyme an obſcure nation by moſt writers ſuppoſed Scithians, paſſed by ſeas from Irelande, and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania: againſt, whome this Coell aſſembled his power, and being entred Albania to expell thẽ, one Fer|gus in the night diſguiſed, entered the tent of this Coell, and in his bed traiterouſly ſlew him. This Fergus was therefore in reward of ſuch vertue made there King, whereupon they ſat downe in that part, with their wiues and children, and called it Scotlande, and themſelues Scottes: from the beginning of the worlde,After the Scottiſhe accompt. foure thouſande and ſixe hundred and ſeuentéene yeares, which by iuſt compu|tacion and confeſſion of all their owne wry|ters, is ſixe hundred yeares lacking tenne, after that Brutus had reigned ouer ye whole Iſland, the ſame land being enioyed by him and his poſteritie before their comming, du|ring two and fiftie diſcentes of the kinges of Britaine. Certes this intruſion into a land ſo many hundred yeares before inhabited, and by ſo many diſcẽts of kings quietly enioyed, is the beſt tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them. This Fergus hereupõ im|mediately did deuyde Albania alſo amõg his Capitaines and their people: whereby it moſt euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before, in proofe wherof, the ſame particion ſhall fol|lowe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The landes of Cathnes lying againſt Ork|nay, [...] betwéene Dummeſbey and the Water of Thane, was giuen vnto one Cornath, a ca|pitaine and his people. The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes, nowe called Roſſe, lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte, were giuen to Lutorke, another Capitaine and his people. The landes betwéene Spay and Nes, from the Almaine ſeas to the Ireland Seas, now called Murray land, were giuẽ to one War|roche and his people.

The lande of Thalia now called Boyn Aynze, Bogewall, Gariot, Formartine, and Bowguhan, were giuen to one Thalis and his people. The landes of Marr Badezenoche, & Lochquhaber, were giuen to Marrache and his people. The lands of Lorne and Kintier, with the hilles & moun|taynes thereof, lying from Mar to the Ire|lande ſeas, were giuen to Capitaine No|naunce and his people. The landes of Athole were giuen to Atholus, another capitaine & his people.
The landes of Strabraun, and Brawdawane lying Weſt from Dunkell, were giuen to Creones and Epidithes two Capitaynes. The landes of Argile, were gi|uen to Argathelus a Capitaine. The landes of Linnor & Clidiſdale, were allotted to Lol|gona a captaine. The landes of Silu [...]ia now called Kile, Carrike and Cunyngham, were giuen to Silurche another Capitaine. The landes of Brigance nowe called Gallowaie, were giuen to the compaignie called Bri|gandes, which as their beſt menne, were ap|pointed to dwell next the Britons, who after|warde expulſed the Britons from Aunan|dale in Albany, whereby it is confeſſed to be before inhabited by Britons. The reſidue of the lande now called Scotland, that is to ſay: Meirnis, Angas, Steremõde, Gowry, Stra|hern, Pirth, Fiffe, Striucling, Callendes, Calderwoode, Lougthian, Mers, Teuedale, with other the rement Dales, and the She|rifdome, of Berwicke were then enioyed by a nacion mingeled in marriage wyth Bri|tons, and in their obedience whoſe capitaine called Berynger, buylded the caſtle & towne of Berwicke vpon Twede, and theſe people were called Pictes, vppon whome by the death of this Coell, theſe Scottes had opor|tunitie EEBO page image 41 to vſe warre, wherof they ceaſed not, vntill ſuch time as it pleaſed God to appoint an other Coli king of Britõs, agaynſt whoſe name, albeit they hoped for a like victory to ye firſt, yet he preuayled and ceaſed not his [...]ar, vntill theſe Scot [...]es were vtterly expulſed out of all the boundes of Britayne, in which they neuer dared to reenter, vntill the trou|bleſome raigne of Scicill kyng of Britones, which was the xij. king after this Coll. Du|ryng all which tyme the countrey was reen|habited by the Britons. But then the Scots turning the ciuill diſcord of this realme, be|twene this Sycill and his brother Blede to their beſt auauntage, arriued agayne in Al|bania, & there made one Reuther theyr king.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Vpon this their new arriuall, new warre was made vpon them by this Sicill kyng of Britons, in which warre Reuther their new kyng dyed, and There as ſuccéeded agaynſt whom the warre of Britones cea [...]ed not, vn|till he fréely ſubmitted himſelfe vnto the ſaid Sicill king of Britones at Ebranke, that is Yorke, where ſhortly after the tenth yeare of his raigne he dyed. Fynnane brother of Io|ſine ſucceded by their election to the kingdom of Scottes, who ſhortly after compelled by the warres of the ſame Sicill, declared hym|ſelfe ſubiect, and for the better aſſuraunce of his fayth and obeſſaunce to the kyng of Bri|tons, deliuered his ſonne Durſtus into the handes of this Sicill: who fanteſ [...]yng ye child and hopyng by his owne ſucceſſion to alter their ſubtiltle (I will not ſay duplicitie) ma|ried hym in the ende to Agaſia hys owne daughter.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Durſtus was their next kyng, but for that he had maried a Britton woman, (thoughe ſhe was a kynges daughter) the ſcots hated hym for the ſame cauſe, for which they ought rather to haue liked hym [...]he bet|ter, and therfore not onely traiterouſly ſlewe hym: but further to declare the ende of theyr malice, diſhenheri [...] as much as in them was, the [...]hes of the ſame Durſtus and A|gaſia. Hherupon new warre ſprong betwene them and vs, which [...] not vntill they were contented to receyue Edeir to theyr kyng, the [...] in bloud [...] then liuyng, diſcen|ded from Durſtus and Agaſia, and thereby the bloud of Britons of the part [...] of the mo|ther, was reſtored to the crowne of Albania, ſo that nature whoſe law is immutable, cau|ſed this hand of loue to hold. For ſhortly af|ter this Edeir attended vpon Caſtibelane king of Britons, for the repulſe of Iulius Cae|ſar, as their owne author Boctius confeſſeth. Who cõmaũded the ſame as his ſubiect, but Iulius Caeſar after his third arriual by tre [...]ſon of [...], preuayled againſt the [...] and thereupon [...] this Eder into ſcotland, and as [...] mentalies, subdued all the Iſle of [...] which, thoughe the liuyng Scottes [...] their head writers confeſſe that he cauſe be|yond Callender woode, and call downe Ca|melon, the principall city of Pic [...]tes, and in token of this victory not [...]ere from [...], builded a round Temple [...], which re|mayned in ſome perfection vnto the raign of our king Edwarde called the firſt after the Conqueſt, by whome it was [...], but the monumẽt therof remayneth to thys [...].

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Marius the ſon of Ar [...]ragus, being king of all Britaine, in his tyme one Rodericke a Scythian, with a great [...]rable of needy ſouldi|ours, came to the water of Frithe in Scot|land, which is an arme of the ſea, deuidyng Pentland from Fiffe, againſt whome thys Marius aſſembled a power, by whiche he ſlew this Rodericke, and diſcomfited his peo|ple in Weſtmerland: but to thoſe that remai|ned in lyfe, he gaue the countrey of Cathenes in Scotlande, which prooueth it to be within hys owne dominion.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Coill the ſonne of this Marius, had [...] Lucius, counted the firſt chriſtiã king of this nacion he conue [...]ed the thrée [...] of this land into Biſhoprikes, and ordeyned biſhops vnto eche of them: the firſt remained at London, and his power extended from the fartheſt part of Cornewall, to Humber wa|ter, the ſecond remayned at Yorke, and hys power ſtretched from Humber to ye fartheſt part of all Scotland. The third remayned at Caerles vpõ the riuer of Wiſke in Glamor|gan in Wales, and his power extended frõ Seuerne thorough all Wales. Some write that he made but two, & turned their names to Archbiſhops, the one to remayne at Can|terbury, the other at Yorke: yet they confeſſe that [...] of Yorke had iuriſdiction through all Scotland, eyther of which is ſufficient to proue ſcotlãd to be then vnder his dominion.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Seuerus by birth & Romaine, but in bloud a Briton, and the lineall heire of the body of Androgius, ſon of Lu [...], and Nephwe of Caſ|ſibelaine, was ſhortly after Emperour and king of Britons, in whoſe tyme the people to whom his aunceſter Marius gaue the land of Cathenes in Scotland, conſpired wyth the Scottes and receyued them from the Iſles into Scotland. But hereupon this Seuerus came into Scotland, and méetyng with their fayth and falſe hartes together, droue them all out of the mayne lande into Iſles, the vt|termoſt bondes of all great Britayne. But notwithſtanding this glorious victory, the EEBO page image 51 Britons conſidering their ſeruitude to the Romaines, impoſed by treaſon of Androge|us, aunceſter to this Seuerus began to hate hym, whome yet they had no tyme to loue, & who in their defence and ſuretie, had ſlayne of the Scottes and their confederates in one battaile xxx. thouſandes: but ſuch was the cõ|ſideration of the common ſort in thoſe dayes, whoſe malice no tyme could deminiſhe, nor iuſt deſert appeaſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Antoninus Baſſianus born of a Britõ womã, and Geta borne by a Romayn woman, were the ſonnes of this Seuerus, who after the death of their father, by the contrary voyces of their people, contended for the crown. Few Britones helde with Baſſianus, fewer Ro|maynes with Geta: but the greater number with neither of both. In the ende Geta was ſlayne, and Baſſianus remayned Emperor, againſt whom Carauſius rebelled, who gaue vnto the Scottes, Pichtes, and Scithians, the countrey of Cathenes in Scotland, which they after inhabited, wherby appeareth hys ſeiſon thereof.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Coill diſcended of the bloude of auncient kinges of this land, was ſhortly after kyng of the Britons, whoſe onely daughter & heire called Helene, was maried vnto Conſtanti|us a Romaine, who daunted the rebellion of all partes of great Britayne, and after the death of this Coil, was in ye right of his wife kyng thereof, and raigned in his ſtate ouer them 13. or 14. yeares.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Conſtantine the ſonne of thys Conſtance, and Helen, was next King of Britons by the ryght of hys mother, who paſſing to Rome, to receyue the Empyre thereof, deputed one Octauius king of Wales & Duke of the Gwiſ|ſes, (which ſome expounde to be afterwarde called weſt Saxons) to haue the gouernemẽt of thys dominion. But abuſing the kinges innocent goodneſſe, thys Octauius defrau|ded thys truſte, and tooke vppon himſelfe the Crowne, for which traytorys albeit he was once vanquiſhed by Leonine Traheron, vncle to Conſtantine: yet after the death of thys Traheron, he preuayled agayne and reigned ouer all Briteygne. Conſtantine beyng nowe Emperour, ſent to Maximius his kinſeman hether to deſtroy the ſame Oc|tauius, whom in ſingular battail diſcomfited Octauius, whereupon thys Maximius, aſwel by the conſent of great Conſtãtine, as by the election of all the Brytons, for that he was a Bryton in bloude, was made King of Bryteigne. This Maximius made war vpon the Scottes and Scythians wythin al Bry|teygne, and cea [...]ed not vntill he had ſlayne Eugenius theyr King, & expulſed and dryuen them out of the whole bounds of Briteygne. Finally he inhabited al Scotland with Bri|tons, no man, woman nor child of the Scot|tiſh natiõ, ſuffred to remain within [...]t, which as theyr Hector Boetius ſaith, was for theyr rebellion, & rebelliõ properly could it not be; except they had béene ſubiectes. He ſuffered the Pichtes alſo to remaine his ſubiects, who made ſolemne othes to hym after, neuer to erect any peculiar King of theyr owne natiõ, but to remaine vnder the olde Empyre, of the onely kyng of Brytons.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 About xlv. yeres after this (beyng long time after the death of this Maximius) wyth the helpe of Gonnan or Gonan and Melga, the Scottes newly arriued in Albania, and there created one Fergus the ſecond of that name to be their kyng. But becauſe they were be|fore baniſhed the continent land, they crow|ned him kyng of their auenture in Argile, in the fatall chaire of Marble, the yeare of our Lord, CCCC.xxij. as they write.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Maximian ſonne of Leonine Traheron, brother to kyng Coil, and vncle to Helene, was by line all ſucceſſion next kyng of Bri|tons. But to appeaſe ye malice of Dionothus king of Wales, who alſo claimed ye kingdõ, he maried Othilia eldeſt daughter of Diono|thus, and afterward aſſembled a great pow|er of Britons, and entered Albania, inuading Galloway, Mers, Annandale, Pentlande, Carrike, Kyll, and Cuningham, and in bat|taile ſlew both this Fergus then kyng of Scottes, and Durſius the king of Pichtes, & exiled all their people, out of the continent land: wherupon the few number of Scottes then remainyng on her, went to Argila, and made Eugenius their kyng.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 When this Maximian had thus obteyned quietnes in Britain, he departed wt hys coſin Conã Meridocke into Armerica, where they ſubdued the kyng [...] and depopulated the countrey, which he gaue to Conan his coſin, to be afterward inh [...]bited by Britons by the name of Britayne the leſſe: and hereof this realme tooke name of Britayne the greate, which name by conſent of forreine writers, in kepeth vnto this day.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 After the death of Maximian, diſſenti|on beyng betwene the nobles of great Bri|tayne, the Scottes ſwarmed together again, and came to the wall of Adrian, where thys realme being deuided in many factions, they ouercame one. And hereupon their Hector Boetius, (as an henne that for laying of one egge, will make a great cakelyng) ſolemnly triumphing of a conqueſt before the victory, alleageth that herebye the Britons were made tributaries to the Scottes, and yet he EEBO page image 42 confeſſeth that they wonne no more land, by that ſuppoſed conqueſt, but the ſame porcion betwene them and Humber, which in the old partitions before, was annexed to Albania. It is hard to be beleued, that ſuch a broken nacion as the Scottes at that tyme were re|turning from baniſhment within foure yeres before, and ſince in battaile loſing both theyr kinges, and the great number of theyr beſt men, to be thus able to make a conqueſt of great Britayne, & very vnlikely if they had cõquered it, they woulde haue left the whote ſunne of the Eaſt partes, to dwell in the cold ſnow of Scotlãd. Incredible it is, that if they had cõquered it, they would not haue deputed officers in it, as in caſes of conqueſt behoo|ueth. And it is beyonde all beliefe, that great Britayne or any other countrey, ſhoulde be woon without the comming of any enimy in|to it, as they did not, but taried at the ſame wall of Adrian. But what néede I ſpeake of theſe defences, when the ſame Boetius ſcant|ly truſteth his owne beliefe in this tale. For he ſayeth that Galfride and ſundry other au|tentike writers, diuerſlye vary frõ this part of his ſtory, wherein his owne thought accu|ſeth his conſcience of vntruth: Herein alſo, he further forgetting how it behooueth a lyer to be myndefull of his aſſertion in the fourth chapiter next followyng, wholly bewrayeth hymſelfe, ſaying that the confederate kinges of Scottes and Pictes, vpon ciuill warres betwene the Britons which then was folow|yng, hoped ſhortly to enioy all the lande of great Britayne, from beyond Humber vnto the freſh ſea, which hope had bene vayne, and not leſſe then voyde, if it had bene their owne by any conqueſt before.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Conſtantine of little Britayne, deſcended from Conan king thereof, coſine of Brutes bloud to thys Maximian, & his nereſt heyre was next king of Britayne, he immediately purſued the Scots with warres, & ſhortly in battaile ſlue their kyng Dongard, in the firſt yeare of his raygne, whereby he recouered Scotlande out of their handes, and tooke all the holdes thereof into hys owne cuſtody.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Vortiger ſhortly after obteined the crowne of Britayne, againſt whome the Scottes newly rebelled: for ye repreſſing wherof (miſ|truſting the Britons, to hate hym for ſundry cauſes, as one that to auoyd the ſmoke, doth oft fall into ye fire) receyued Hengeſt a Saxõ, and a greate number of his coũtrimen, with whom & a few Britons, he entered ſcotland and ouercame them, whereupon they tooke the Iſles, which are theyr common refuge. He gaue alſo much of Scotlande, as Gallo|way, Pentland, Mers and Annandale, with ſundry other landes to thys Hengeſt and his people to inhabite, which they did according|lye. But when thys Hengeſt in proceſſe of tyme, thirſted after the whole Kingdome, he was baniſhed, and yet afterwarde beyng re|ſtored, he conſpired with the ſcottes againſt Aurilambroſe the ſonne of Conſtantine, the iuſt inheritour of this whole dominion. But his vntruth and theirs both were recompen|ſed togither, for hée was taken priſoner by Eldulph de Samor a noble man of Bry|teyne, and his heade for his traitory,Some thinke the Seymors to come from this man by li|neal diſcẽt. ſtriken of at the cõmandement of Aurilambros. In the fielde the ſcottes were vanquiſhed: but Octa the ſonne of Hengeſt was receiued to mercye, to whome and his people this Auril|ambroſe gaue the countrye of Galloway in ſcotlande, for which they became his Sub|iectes: And hereby appeareth that Scotland was then againe in his handes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Vter called alſo Pendragon, brother to Aurilambros was next king of ye Britons, a|gaynſt whome, theſe ſworne Saxons newe foreſworne ſubiectes (confederate wyth the Scottes) newely rebelled: but by his power aſſembled againſt thẽ in Galloway in Scot|lande, they were diſcomfited, and Albania a|gaine recouered into his handes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Arthur the ſonne of this Vter begotten be|fore the marriage, but lawfully borne, in ma|trimony ſuccéeded next to ye crowne of great Britayne, whoſe noble actes, though manye vulgare fables haue rather ſteigned, then commended: yet al the ſcottiſh writers con|feſſe, that he ſubdued great Britayne, & made it tributary to him, & ouercame the Saxons then ſcattered as farre as Cathenes in ſcot|land: and in all theſe warres againſt them, he had the ſeruice and obeyſance of ſcottes and Pictes. But at the laſt ſettyng their féete in the guilfull paths of their predeceſſours, they rebelled, & beſieged the city of Yorke, Howel king of the leſſe Britayne, coſin to king Ar|thur, being therin. But he with an hoſte came thither and dyſcomfited the Scottes, cha|ſed them into a marſhe, and beſieged them there ſo lõg, that they were almoſt famiſhed: vntyll the biſhoppes, Abbotes, and men of religion (for as much as they were chriſtened people) beſought hym to take thẽ to his mer|cy and grace, and to graunt them a portion of the ſame countrey to dwell in vnder euer|laſting ſubiection. Vppon this he tooke them to hys grace, homage and fealtle: and when they were ſworne hys ſubiectes and liegemẽ: he ordeyned his kinſmã Anguiſan to be their king & gouernor, Vrian king of Iſlãd, & Mu|refrẽce king of Orkney. He made an Archbi|ſhoppe of Yorke alſo, whoſe authoritie exten|ded EEBO page image 52 through all Scotland.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Finally, the ſaid kyng Arthur holding his royall feaſt at Cairleon, had there all ye kings that were ſubiectes vnto hym, among the which, Anguſian the ſayd king of Scots did his due ſeruice for the realme of Scotlande, and bare kyng Arthurs ſworde afore hym.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Malgo ſhortly after ſuccéeded in the whole kingdõ of great Britaine, who vpon new re|ſiſtaunce, newly ſubdued Ireland, Iſlande, the Orchads, Norway & Denmarke, & made Ethelfrede a Saxon king of Bernicia, that is, Northumberland, Louthian, and much o|ther land of Scotland, which Ethelfrede by the ſword obteyned at the handes of the wil|full inhabitantes, and continued true ſubiect to this Malgo.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Cadwan ſuccéeded in the kingdom of great Britayne, who in defence of his ſubiectes the ſcottes, made warre vppon this Ethelfrede, but at the laſt they agréed, and Cadwan vpõ their rebellion gaue all Scotland vnto this Ethelfrede, which he therupon ſubdued and enioyed: but afterward in the raigne of Cad|wallo that next ſuccéeded in great Britaine, he rebelled, whereupon the ſame Cadwallo came into Scotland, and vpon his treaſon reſeized the country into his owne handes, and hauyng with hym all the Viceroyes of Saxõs which then inhabited here as hys ſub|iectes, in ſinguler battaile ſlew the ſame E|thelfrede.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Oſwald was ſhortly after by Cadwallõs gift made kyng of Bernicia, and he as ſub|iect to Cadwallo, and by his commaundemẽt diſcomfited the Scottes and Pictes, and ſub|dued all Scotland. Oſwy the brother of thys Oſwald, was by the lyke gift of Cadwallo, made next kyng of Bernicia, and he by lyke commaundement newely ſubdued the ſcots and Pictes, and held them in that obeyſaunce to this Cadwallo, during xxviij. yeres. Thus Cadwallo reigned in the whole monarchy of great Britayne, hauing all the vij. kynges therof, as well Saxõs as others his ſubiects: for albeit the number of Saxons from tyme to tyme greatly increaſed, yet were they al|wayes either at the firſt expelled, or els made tributary to the onely kinges of Britons for the tyme being, as all their owne writers confeſſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Cadwallader was next kyng of the whole great Britayne, he raigned xij. yeres ouer al the kinges thereof, in great peace and tran|quillitie: & then vpon the lamentable death of hys ſubiectes, which dyed of ſundry diſeaſes innumerably, he departed into litle Britaine. His ſonne and coſin Iuor and Iue, being ex|pulſed out of england alſo by the Saxones, went into Wales, where among the Britõs they and their poſteritie remayned Princes. Vpon this great alteracion, & warres being through the whole dominion betwene Bri|tons and Saxons; the Scottes thought tyme to ſlip the coller of obedience, and thereupon entred in league with Charles then kyng of Fraunce eſtabliſhing it, in this wyſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 1. The iniury of Engliſhmen done to any of theſe people, ſhall be perpetually holden common to both.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2. When Frenchmen be inuaded by En|gliſhmen, the Scottes ſhall ſend their army in defence of Fraunce, ſo that they be ſup|ported with mony and victuals of Fraunce.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 3. When Scottes be inuaded by Engliſh|men, the Frenchmen ſhall come vpon theyr owne expences, to their ſupport.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 4. None of theſe people ſhall take peace or truce with Engliſhmen, without the aduiſe of other. &c.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Many diſputable opinions may be had of warre, without the prayſing of it,Nic [...] Ada [...] as onely admittible by inforced neceſſitie, and to bée vſed for peace ſake onely, where here ye Scots ſought warre for the loue of warre only. For their league giueth no benefite to thẽſelues, either in frée trafique of their owne commo|dities, or benefite of the French, or other pri|uiledge to the people of both: what diſcõmo|ditie riſeth by looſing the entercourſe and ex|chãge of our cõmodities (being in neceſſaries more aboundant then Fraunce,) ye ſcots féele and we perfectly know. What ruine of theyr townes, deſtruction of countries, ſlaughter of both peoples, haue by reaſon of this bloudy league chaunced, the hiſtories be lamenta|ble to reade, & horrible among chriſtian men to be remembred: but God gaue the increaſe accordyng to their ſéede, for as they did here|by ſowe diſſention, ſo did they ſhortly after reape a bloudy ſlaughter. For Alpine theyr kyng poſſeſſing a light mynde that would be loſt with a little wynde, hoped by this league ſhortly to ſubdue all great Britayne, and to that ende not onely rebelled in his own king|dome, but alſo vſurped vpon the kingdome of Pictes, wherupon Edwine king of england, made one Brudeus king of Pictes, whom he ſent into Scotlãd with a great power, where in battail he tooke this Alpine king of Scots priſoner, and diſcomfited his people: and this Alpine beyng their king found ſubiect and re|bell, his hed was ſtrikẽ of at a place in Scot|land, which thereof is to this day called Pa|ſalpine, that is to ſay, the hed of Alpine. And this was the firſt effecte of theyr Frenche league.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Oſbright king of england, with Ella hys EEBO page image 43 ſubiect, and a great number of Britons and Saxons ſhortly after, for that the Scots ha [...] of thẽſelues elected a new king, entred Scot|land, and ceaſſed not his warre againſt them, vntil their king and people fled into the Iles, with whom at the laſt vpon their ſubmiſſion, peace was made in this wyſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1

The water of Frith ſhalbe March betwene Scots and engliſhmẽ in the eaſt partes, and ſhalbe named the ſcottiſh ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1

The water of Cluide to Dunbriton, ſhal be March in the weſt partes betwene the Scots and Britones. This caſtle was before called Alcluide and now Dunbriton, that is to ſay, the caſtle of Britons.
So the Britons had all the landes frõ Sterlyng to the Ireland ſeas, and from the water of Frithe and Cluide, to Cumber, with all ye ſtrengthes and commo|dities therof, and the engliſhmen had ye lands betwéene Sterlyng and Northumberlande. Thus was Cluide March, betwene ſcots and Britones on the one ſide, and the water of Frithe named the Scottiſh ſea, Marche be|twene them and engliſhmẽ on the other ſide, and Sterlyng common March to thrée peo|ple, Britons, Engliſhmen, and Scottes, and king Oſbright had the Caſtle of Sterlyng, where firſt he cauſed to be coyned Sterlyng mony. The Engliſh mẽ alſo builded a bridge of ſtone, for paſſage ouer the water of Frith, in the middes wherof they made a croſſe, vn|der which were written theſe verſes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1
I am free March, as paſſengers may ken,
To Scottes, to Britons, and to Engliſhmen.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Not many yeres after this, Hinguar & Hub|ba, two Danes, with a great number of peo|ple, arriued in Scotland, and ſlew Conſtan|tine, whom Oſbright had before made kyng [...] whereupon Edulfe or Ethelwulfe then kyng of englãd, aſſembled his power againſt Hin|guar and Hubba, & in one battaile ſlue them both, but ſuch of their people as woulde re|mayne and become chriſtians, he ſuffered to tary, the reſt he baniſhed or put to death. &c.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 [...]ome.This Ethelwulf graunted the Peter pẽ [...], of which albeit Peter and Paule had lit [...] néede and leſſe right: yet the payment therof continued in this realm euer after vntil now of late yeres, but the Scottes euer ſince vnto this day, haue, and yet do pay it, by reaſon of that graunt, which proueth them to be then vnder his obeyſaunce.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Alurede or Alfrede ſuccéeded in the kyng|dome of England, and reigned nobly ouer the whole monarchie of great Britayne: He made lawes, that perſons excommunicated ſhould be diſabled to ſue or clayme any pro|pertie, which law Gregour whom this Alu|rede had made king of Scottes obeyed, and the ſame law as well in Scotland as in En|gland is holden to this day, which alſo pro|ueth hym to be high lord of Scotland.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys Alurede conſtreyned Gregour king of Scots alſo, to breake the league with Fraunce, for generally he concluded wyth hym, and ſerued hym in all his warres, as well agaynſt Danes as others, not reſeruing or making any exceptiõ of the former league with Fraunce.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The ſayd Alurede, after the death of Gre|gour, had the lyke ſeruice and obeyſaunce of Donald king of Scottes wyth fiue thouſand horſemen, againſt one Gurmonde a Dane that then infeſted the realme, and this Do|nald dyed in this faith and obeiſaunce wyth Alurede.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edward the firſt of that name called Chifod ſonne of this Alurede ſuccéeded next kyng of englãd, againſt whom Sithrijc a Dane & the Scottes conſpired: but they were ſubdued, and Conſtantine their kyng brought to obei|ſance. He held the realme of ſcotland alſo of kyng Edwarde, and thys doth Marian their owne country man a Scotte confeſſe: beſide Roger Houeden, & Williã of Malmeſbury.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yere of our Lord 923. the ſame king Edward was Preſident and gouernor of all the people of England, Cumberland, Scots, Danes and Britones.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 King Athelſtane in like ſort cõquered ſcot|land, and as he lay in his tentes beſide Yorke whyleſt the warres laſted, the king of Scots fayned hymſelfe to be a minſtrel, and har|ped before him onely to eſpy his ordinaunce & his people. But beyng as their writers con|feſſe, corrupted with money, he ſold his fayth & falſe hart together to the Danes, and ay|ded them againſt king Athelſtane at ſondry times. Howbeit he met wtall their vntruthes at Bre [...]gfield in the weſt countrey, as is mentioned in the 9. chapter of the firſt booke of thys deſcription, where hée diſcomfited the Danes, and ſlew Malcolme deputie in that behalfe to the king of Scottes: in which battaile, the Scottes confeſſe themſelues to haue loſt more people then were remembred in any age before. Then Athelſtane folowing hys good lucke, went throughout all ſcotland and wholy ſubdued it, and being in poſſeſſion therof, gaue land there lying in Annãdale by his déede, the copy wherof doth followe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 I kyng Athelſtane, giues vnto Paulan, Od|dam and Roddam, als good and als faire, as e|uer they mine were, and therto witnes Mauld my wyfe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 By which courſe wordes, not onely appea|reth ye plaine ſimplicitie of mens doinges in thoſe dayes: but alſo a ful proofe that he was EEBO page image 53 then ſeized of Scotlande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 At the laſt alſo he receyued homage of Mal|colme king of Scottes, but for that he coulde not be reſtored to his whole kingdome, he en|tered into Religion, and there ſhortely after dyed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Then Athelſtane for his better aſſuraunce of that countrey there after, thought it beſt to haue two ſtringes to the bowe of their obe|dience, and therefore not onelye conſtituted one Malcolme to be their king, but alſo ap|pointed one Indulph, ſonne of Conſtantine the thirde, to be called prince of Scotlande, to whome he gaue much of Scotlande: and for this, Malcolme did homage to Athelſtane.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edmund brother of Athelſtane ſuccéeded next king of Englande to whome this In|dulph then kyng of Scottes not only dyd ho|mage, but alſo ſerued him wyth ten thouſand Scottes, for the expulſion of the Danes out of the realme of Englande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edred or Eldred, brother to thys Edmund ſuccéeded next king of Englande,Some re|ferre this to an Ed|ward. he not one|lye receyued the homage of Iriſe then kyng of Scottes, but alſo the homage of all the Barons of Scotlande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edgar the ſonne of Edmund, brother of A|thelſtane being nowe of full age, was next kyng of England the reigned onely ouer the whole Monarchie of great Britaine, and re|ceyued homage of Keneth king of Scots for the kingdome of Scotlande, and made Mal|colme prince thereof.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys Edgar gaue vnto the ſame Keneth the countrey of Louthian in Scotland, which was before ſeized into the hands of Oſbright king of England for their rebellion, as is be|fore declared. He enioined this Keneth their king alſo once in euery yere at certaine prin|cipall feaſtes (whereat the king dyd vſe to weare his crowne) to repaire vnto him into Englande for the making of lawes, which in thoſe daies was done by ye noble mẽ or peres according to the order of France at this day, To thich end he allowed alſo ſundry lodgings in England, to him & his ſucceſſours, wher|at to lye & refreſhe themſelues in their tour|neyes, and finally a péece of ground lying be|ſide the newe palace of Weſtminſter, vppon which this Keneth buylded a houſe, that by him and his poſteritie was enioyed vntill the reigne of King Henry the ſeconde, in whoſe tyme vpon the rebelliõ of William thẽ king of Scottes, it was reſumed into the king of Englands handes. The houſe is decayed, but the grounde where it ſtoode is called Scot|lande to this day.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer Edgar made this lawe, that no man ſhoulde ſuccéede to his patrimonie or in|heritaunce holden by knightes ſeruice, vntill he accompliſhed the age of one and twentie yeares, bycauſe by intendement vnder that age, he ſhoulde not be able in perſon to ſerue hys king and countrey according to the te|nour of his déede and the cõdition of his pur|chaſe.

This lawe was receyued by the ſame Keneth in Scotlande, and aſwell there as in Englande is obſerued to this day, which proo|ueth alſo that Scotlande was then vnder hys obeyſaunce.

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In the yeare of our Lorde 1974. Kinalde king of Scottes, & Malcolin king of Cum|breland, Macon king of Man, and the Iſles, Duuenall bing of ſouthwales, Siferth and Howell kings of the reſt of wales, Iacob or Iames of Galloway, and Iukill of weſtmer|lande, did homage to king Edgar at Cheſter.
And on the morow going by water to ye mo|naſtery of ſ. Iohns to ſeruice and returning home againe, ye ſaid Edgar ſitting in a barge & ſtiering the ſame vpon the water of Dée, made the ſayd kings to rowe ye barge, ſaying that his ſucceſſors might well be ioyefull to haue the prerogatiue of ſo great honour, and the ſuperiority of ſo many mightie princes to be ſubiect vnto their monarchie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edward the ſonne of this Edgar was next king of Englande, in whoſe tyme this Ke|neth kyng of Scots cauſed Malcolme prince of Scotlande to be poyſoned, wherupon king Edwarde made warre agaynſt him, which ceaſſed not vntill this Keneth ſubmitted him|ſelfe, and offered to receyue him for prince of Scotlande whome king Edward woulde ap|point: herevpon Edwarde proclaymed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotlande, who immediately came into Englande and there dyd homage vnto the ſame King Edwarde.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Etheldred brother of thys Edwarde ſuc|céeded next ouer Englande, againſt whome Swayn kyng of Denmarke conſpired with this laſt Malcolme then king of Scots: But ſhortly after this Malcolme ſorowfully ſub|mitted himſelf into the defence of Etheldred, who conſidering how that which coulde [...] be amended muſt only be repented, benigne|lye receyued him, by helpe of whoſe ſeruice at laſt Etheldred recouered hys realme a|gaine out of the handes of Swayn, and reig|ned ouer the whole Monarchy eyght & thirtie yeares.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edmund ſurnamed Ironſide ſonne of this Etheldred was next king England, in whoſe tyme Canutus a Dane inuaded the realme with much crueltie, but at laſt he marryed wt Emme ſometime wyfe vnto Etheldred and mother of this Edmund: which Emme as arbitratrix betwéene hir naturall loue to the EEBO page image 44 one and [...] procured ſuch [...] them in the ende, that [...] the realme with Canutus, & kéeping to him|ſelfe all [...] all the r [...] [...] Humber with the ſeig|norie of Scotlande to this Canutus wher|vpon Malcolme then king of Scottes after a little cuſtomable reſiſt [...]nce & dyd homage to the ſame Canutus for kingdome of Scotlãd, and thus the ſayde. Canutus helde the ſame ouer of this Edmond king of Englande by the lyke ſeruices.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Canutus in memorie of his victorie and glorie of his ſeignorie ouer the Scottes, commaunded this. Malcolme their king, to buylde a Church in B [...]h [...]ha [...] in Scotland (where a fielde betwéene him and them wa [...] fought) to be dedicate to Ol [...]u [...] patrone of Norway and Denmark, which Church was by the ſame Malcolme accordingly perfour|med.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edwarde called the confeſſour ſonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmond Ironſide was afterward king of england. He toke frõ Malcolme king of Scottes his lyfe and hys kingdome, and made Malcolme ſonne to the king of Cumbrelande and Northumbreland [...] king of Scottes, who dyd him h [...]age; and fealtie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys Edwarde peruſed the olde lawes of the realme, and ſomewhat added to ſome of them, as to the lawe of Edgar for the ward|ſhippe of the landes vntyll the heirs ſhoulde accompliſhe the age of one & twentie yeares, he added that the marryage of ſuch heire, ſhoulde alſo belong to the Lorde of whom the ſame lande was holden.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Alſo that euery woman marrying a frée man, ſhoulde notwithſtanding ſhe had no children by that huſbande, enioye the thirde part of his inheritaunce during hir lyfe, with many other lawes which the ſame Malcolme king of Scottes obeyed. And which aſwel by them in Scotlande as by vs in Englande be obſerued to this day, and directly prooueth the whole to be then vnder his obeyſaunce.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 By reaſon of this law Malcolme the ſonne of Duncane next inheritour to the crowne of Scotlande being within age, was by the nobles of Scotlande deliuered as warde to the cuſtome of this king Edwarde, during whoſe minoritie one Makebeth a Scot tray|terouſly vſurped the crowne of Scotland, a|gainſt whom this king Edward made warre in which the ſaid Makebeth was ouercome and ſlayne, whervpon ye ſaid Malcolme was crowned king of Scottes at Stone, in the viij. yere of the reigne of this king Edward.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys Malcolme by [...] of the ſayde n [...] [...] of wardſhip was marryed vnto Margar [...] the daughter of Edward, ſonne of Edmond. Ironſide and Agatha, by the diſpo|ſition of the ſame king Edward, and at his ful age dyd homage to this king Edward for this kingdome of Scotland.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer Edwarde of Englande, hauing no issue of his body, and mistrusting that Harolde the sonne of Goodwyn descended of the daughter of Harolde Harefoote the Dane woulde usurpe the crowne, if he should leaue it to his cosin Edgar Edling (being the(n) within age) and partly by the peticion of his subiectes, who before had sworne neuer to receiue any kings ouer them of the Danish nation, did by his substa(n)cial wil in writing as all our clergy writers affirme, deuise the crown of great Britaine unto William then duke of Normandie and to his heires, constituting him his heire testamentarie. Also there was proximitie in bloude betweene the(m) for Emme daughter of Richarde duke of Normandye was wife unto Etheldred, on whom he begat Alured and this Edward: and this William was sonne of Robert, sonne of Richarde, brother of the whole bloud to the same Emme: whereby appeareth that this William was heire by tytle and not by conquest, albeit that partly to extinguish the mistrust of other tytles and partely for the glory of hys victory, he chalenged in the ende, the name of a conquerour, & hath bene so written euer sithens his arriuall.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This king William called the conquerour ſuppoſed not his conqueſt perfite, tyll he had lykewyſe ſubdued ye Scots, wherfore to bring the Scottes to iuſt obeyſaunce after hys Co|ronation as heire teſtamentary to Edward the Co [...]feſſour, he entred Scotland, where after a litle reſiſtance made by the Scottes, the ſayde Malcolme then their king did ho|mage to hym at Abir [...]ethy in Scotlande for the kingdome of Scotlande, as to hys ſupe|riour alſo by means of conqueſt.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Willyam ſurnamed Wi [...]us ſonne of thys William called the conquerour, ſuccéeded next to the crowne of England, to whom the ſayde Malcolme king of Scottes dyd like ho|mage for the kingdom of Scotland. But af|terwarde he rebelled and was by this Wil|liam Rufus ſlayne in the fielde, where vpon the Scottiſhmen dyd choſe one Donald or Dunwal to be theyr kyng. But this Williã Rufus depoſed hym and created Dunkane ſonne of Malcolme to be theyr king, who dyd like homage to him: finally this Duncã was ſlayne by the Scottes & Dunwall reſtored, who once agayne by this Wylliam Rufus EEBO page image 54 was depoſed, and Edgar ſonne of Malcolme & brother to the laſt Malcolme, was by him made theyr king, who dyd lyke homage for Scotlande to this William Rufus.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Henry called Beauclerke the ſon of Wil|liam, called the conquerour, after the death of his brother William Rufus, ſuccéeded to the crowne of England, to whome the ſame Edgar kyng of Scottes dyd homage for Scotland. This Henry Beauclerke married Mawde the daughter of Malcolme king of Scottes, and by hir had iſſue Mawde after|warde empreſſe. Alexandre the ſonne of Mal|colme brother to this Mawde, was next king of Scottes, he dyd lyke homage for the king|dome of Scotlande to this Henry the firſt.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Mawde called the empreſſe daughter and heire to this Henry Beauclerke and Mawde hys wyfe, receiued homage of Dauid bro|ther to hir and to this Alexandre next king of Scottes, before all the temporall men of En|glande for the kyngdome of Scotlande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys Mawde the empreſſe gaue vnto Dauid in the marriage, Mawd the daughter and heire of Voldoſius earle of Huntingdon & Northumberlande. And herein their euaſion appeareth, by which they allege that their kinges homages were made for the earle|dome of Huntingdon: for this Dauid was ye firſt that of their kinges was Earle of Hun|tingdon, which was ſince all the homages of their kinges before recited, and at the time of thys marryage, and long after the ſayde A|lexander his brother was king of Scots: do|ing the homage aforeſayde to Henry Bew|clerke.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lorde 1136. and firſte yeare of the reigne of king Stephen, the ſaid Dauid king of Scottes, being required to doe his homage refuſed it, for as much as he had done homage to Mawde the empreſſe be|fore tyme, notwithſtanding the ſonne of the ſayde Dauid dyd homage to king Stephane.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Henry called Fitz emprice, the ſon of Mawd the emprice daughter of Mawde, daughter of Malcolme king of Scottes, was next king of England. He receyued homage for Scotland of Malcolme, ſonne of Henry, ſonne of the ſayd Dauyd their laſt king, which Malcolme after thys homage, attended vpon the ſame kyng Henry in his warres agaynſt Lewys then king of Fraunce: whereby appeareth that their Frenche league was neuer renued after the laſt diuiſiõ of their countrey by Oſ|bright king of Englande. But after theſe warres finiſhed with the Frenche king, this Malcolme being againe in Scotlande rebel|led: wherevppon, king Henry immediate|lye ſeized Huntingdon, and Northumber|land into hys owne h [...]es by [...] made warres vpon him in Scotland, [...] which the ſame Malcolme dyed without [...] of hys bodie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 William brother of thys Malcolme [...] next kyng of Scottes, he wyth all the nobled of Scotland, (which could not be now for [...] earledome) did homage to the ſonne of thys king Henry the ſecond, wyth a reſeruat [...] of the duetie to king Henry the ſeconde, hys father: alſo the earledome of Huntingd [...] was as ye haue hearde before thys, forfaited by Malcolme his brother, and neuer after r [...]+ſtored to the crowne of Scotlande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thys William king of Scottes, did after+warde attend vpon the ſame king Henry the ſeconde in his warres in Normandie again [...] the Frenche kyng, notwithſtanding theyr Frenche league, and then dyd him homage for Scotlande, and thereupon was licenſed to depart home in Scotlande, where imme|diately he mooued cruell warre in Northum|berlande againſt the ſame king Henry being yet in Normandy. But God tooke the defence of king Henries parte, and deliuered the ſame William kyng of Scottes into the handes of a fewe Engliſhmen, who brought him priſoner to kyng Henry into Norman|die, in the tenth yeare of hys reigne. But at the laſt at the ſuite of Dauid his brother, Ri|charde Biſhop of ſ. Andrewes and other Bi|ſhoppes and Lordes, he was put to this fine for the amendement of his treſpaſſe, to paye tenne thouſande pounde ſterling, and to ſur|render all hys lytle of the earledome of Hun|tingdõ, Cumberland, and Northumberland, into the handes of thys kyng Henry: which he did in all thinges accordingly, ſealing hys charters therof with the great ſeale of Scot|lande and ſignettes of hys nobilitie, where in it was alſo compriſed that hée and his ſuc|ceſſours, ſhould hold the realme of Scotland of the king of Englande and his ſucceſſours for euer. And herevpon he once again dyd ho|mage to the ſame king Henry, which nowe coulde not be for the earledome of Hunting|don, the ryght wherof was alrealdie by hym ſurrẽdred. And for the better aſſurãce of this faith alſo, the ſtrengthes of Berwick, Eden|brough, Roxbrough and Striueling were de|liuered into the handes of our king Henry of Englande which their owne writers con|feſſe: but Hector Boetius ſaieth that this treſ|paſſe was amended by fine of twentie thou|ſande poundes ſterling, & that the earledome of Huntingdon, Cumberland, and Northum|berlande were deliuered as Morgage into the handes of king Henry vntill other tenne thouſande poundes ſterling ſhoulde be to him EEBO page image 45 payd, but though the [...], yet [...] he not ſhe that money [...] payde, not the lande otherwiſe redéemed, or euer [...] to any Scottiſhe kinges handes. A [...] [...] appeareth that the earledome of Hunting [...] was neuer occaſion of the homages of the Scottiſhe kinges to the kinges of Englande eyther before this tyme or after.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This was done 1175. Moreouer I red this note hereof gathered out of Robertus Mon|tanus that liued in theſe, and was as I take it cõfeſſor to king Henry. The king of Scots doth homage to king Henry for ye kingdome of Scotlande and is ſent home againe, hys Biſhops alſo did promiſe to doe the lyke, to the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke, and to acknow|ledge themſelues to be of his prouince & iuriſ|dictiõ. By vertue alſo of this compoſition the ſayde Robert ſayth, that Rex Angliae dabat honores, Epiſcopatus, Abbatias & alias digni|tates in Scotia, vel ſaltem eius conſilio daban|tur, that is, the king of England gaue, Ho|nors, Biſhopricks, Abbateſhips, & other dig|nities in Scotland, or at the leaſtwyſe they were not giuen without his aduiſe and coun|ſell.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 At this tyme Alexander biſhop of Rome (ſuppoſed to haue general iuriſdiction eccle|ſiaſticall thorough Chriſtendome) conferred the whole clergy of Scotland, accordyng to the olde lawes, vnder the iuriſdiction of the Archbiſhop of Yorke.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1185. in the month of Auguſt at Cairleil. Roulande Talnante lord of Galway, did homage and fealty to the ſaid king Henry with all that held of hym.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the 22. yeare of the raigne of king Hen|ry the 2. Gilbert ſonne of Ferguſe prince of Galway, did homage and fealtie to the ſayd king Henry, and left Dunecan his ſonne in hoſtage for conſeruation of peace.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Richard ſurnamed Coeur de Lyon, ſonne of this Henry was next king of england, to whõ the ſame William king of Scottes dyd ho|mage at Caunterbury for the kyngdome of Scotland.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This king Richard was taken priſoner by the Duke of Oſtrich, for whoſe redemptiõ the whole realme was taxed at great ſummes of money, vnto the which this William king of Scots (as a ſubiect) was contributory, and payed two M. markes ſterlyng.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yere of our Lord 1199. Iohn kyng of england, ſent to William king of Scottes to come & do his homage, which William came to Lincolne in the moneth of December the ſame yeare, and did his homage there vpon an hill in the preſence of Hubert, Archbiſhop of Caunterbury, and of all the people there aſſemble [...], and there was ſworne vpon the croſſe of the ſaid Hubert: Alſo he gr [...]ted by his charter con [...]ed, that he ſhould haue the mariage of Alexander hys [...], as hys liegeman, alwayes to hold of the king of eng|land: promiſing more [...]er that he the ſayde king William & his ſo [...]e Alexander ſhould kepe and hold faith and allegeance to Henry [...] of the ſayd king Iohn, as to their chiefe Lord againſt all maner of men.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Alſo where as William king of Scots had put Iohn Biſhoppe of ſ. Andrewe out of his Biſhopricke, Pope Clemente wrote to Hen|ry kyng of englande, that he ſhoulde [...] and indure the ſame William, and if néede were requyre by hys Royall power com|pell hym to leaue his rancour agaynſt ye ſayd Biſhop and ſuffer him to haue, and occupye his ſayde Biſhopricke againe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lorde 1216. and fiue and twenty of ye reign of king Henry, ſonne to king Iohn, the ſame king Henry and the Quéene were at Yorke at ye feaſt of Chriſt|maſſe for the ſolemnization of a marryage made in the feaſt of ſ. Stephane the Martir the ſame yeare, betwéene Alexander king of Scottes, & Margarete the kings daughter, and there the ſayde Alexander dyd homage to Henry king of Englande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In Buls of diuers Popes were admoniti|ons geuẽ to the kings of Scottes, that they ſhould obſerue & truly kéepe all ſuch appoint|ments, as had ben made betwéene the kings of england and Scotland. And that the kings of Scotland ſhould holde the realme of Scot|lande of the kings of englande vpon payne of curſe and interditing.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After the deathe of Alexander kyng of Scottes, Alexander his ſonne beyng nyne yeres of age, was by the lawes of Edgar, in+warde to king Henry the 3. and by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke, and there de|liuered to him. During whoſe minoritie king Henry gouerned Scotland, and to ſubdue a commocion in this realme, vſed the ayde of v.M. Scottiſhmen, but king Henry dyed du|ring the nonage of this Alexander, whereby he receiued not his homage, which by reaſon and law was reſpited vntil his full age of xxj. yeares.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edward the firſt after the conqueſt, ſonne of this Henry, was next king of england, im|mediately after whoſe coronation, Alexãder king of Scottes, being then of ful age did ho|mage to hym for Scotlande at Weſtmin|ſter, ſwearyng as all the reaſt did after this maner.

Compare 1587 edition: 1

I.D.N. king of Scottes ſhalbe true and faith|full vnto you Lorde E. by the grace of God EEBO page image 55 king of England, the noble and ſuperior lord of the kingdome of Scotland, and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the ſame kingdome, the which I hold and claime to hold of you. And I ſhall beare you my faith and fidelitie of lyfe and limme, and worldly honour againſt all mẽ faithfully I ſhall knowledge and ſhall doe you ſeruice due vnto you of the kingdom of Scot|land aforeſayde, as God me ſo helpe and theſe holy Euangelies.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Alexander king of Scottes died, lea|uing one only daughter called Margaret for his heire, who before had maried Hanygo, ſonne to Magnus king of Norway, which daughter alſo ſhortly after died, leauyng one onely daughter her heire, of the age of two yeares, whoſe cuſtody and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar, and Edward the con|feſſour, belonged to Edward the firſt: wher|vpon the nobles of Scotland were commaũ|ded by our king Edward to ſend into Nor|way, to conuey this yong Quéene into Eng|land to him, whom he entended to haue mari|ed to his ſõne Edward: and ſo to haue made a perfite vnion betwéene bothe Realmes. Hereuppon their nobles at that tyme con|ſidering the ſame tranquillitie, that many of them haue ſithens refuſed, ſtoode not vpon ſhiftes and delayes of minoritie nor contẽpt, but moſt gladly conſented, and therupon ſent two noble men of Scotlande into Norway, for hir to be brought to this king Edwarde, but ſhe died before their comming thither, & therefore they required nothing but to enioye the lawful liberties that they had quietly poſ|ſeſſed in the laſt king Alexander his tyme.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After the death of this Margaret, the Scots were deſtitute of any heire to the crown from this Alexander their laſt king, at which time this Edwarde diſcended from the bodye of Mawde daughter of Malcolme ſometyme king of Scottes, beyng then in the greateſt broile of his warres with Fraunce, mynded not to take the poſſeſſion of that kingdome in his own right, but was contented to eſtabliſh Balioll to be king therof, the weake title be|twene him, Bruſe, & Haſtings, being by the humble peticion of all the realme of Scot|land committed to the determination of this king Edward, wherin by autentique writing they confeſſed the ſuperioritie of the realme, to remaine in king Edward, ſealed with the ſeales of iiij. Biſhops vij. earles, and xij. ba|rons of Scotland, & which ſhortly after was by the whole aſſent of ye thrée eſtates of Scot|land, in their ſolemne Parliament confeſſed and enacted accordingly, as moſt euidently doth appeare.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Balioll in this wiſe made kyng of Scotlãd did immediately make hys homage and fealty at Newcaſtle vpon ſaint Fre [...] day (as [...] likewiſe all the Lordes of Scot|land,) [...]he one ſetting his hand to the compo| [...]ion in writing to king Edward of Eng|land for the kingdom of Scotland: but ſhort|ly after defrauding the benigne goodneſſe [...] this king Edward; he rebelled, and did [...] much hurt in englande: Hereupon king Ed|ward inuaded Scotland, ſea [...]d into his hãd [...] the greater part of the countrey, and tooke all the ſtrengthes thereof, whereuppon Baliol king of Scottes came vnto king Edwarde at Mauntroſſe in Scotland with a white [...] in his hand, and there reſigned the crown [...] of Scotland, with all his right, title, and inte|reſt to the ſame, into the handes of this kyng Edward, and therfore made his Charter in writyng, dated and ſealed the fourth yeare of his raigne. All the nobles and gentlemen of Scotlande alſo repayred to Barwike, and did homage & fealtie to king Edwarde, there becõmyng his ſubiectes. For the better aſſu|rance of whoſe othes alſo, king Edward kept all the ſtrengths & holdes of Scotland in his owne handes, and hereupon all their lawes, proceſſe; all iudgement, all giftes of a [...]ices and others, paſſed vnder the name and auto|ritie of king Edwarde. Lelande touchyng the ſame rehearſall, writeth thereof in this maner.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yere of our lord 1295. the ſame Iohn king of Scottes, contrary to his faith and al|leageaunce, rebelled againſt king Edward, and came into england, and burnt and ſlew without all modeſty and mercy. Whereupon king Edwarde with a great hoſte went to Newcaſtle vppon Tine, paſſed the water of Twéede, and beſieged Barwike, and gote it. Alſo he wan the caſtell of Dunbar, & there were ſlaine at this brunt 15700. Scots. Then he procéeded further, and gate the Caſtle of Rokeſborow, and the caſtle of Edẽborough, Striuelin and Gedworth, and his people her|ried all the lande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the meane ſeaſon, ye ſayd king Iohn of Scots conſidering yt he was not of power to wtſtand ye ſaid king Edward ſent his letters and beſought him of treatie and peace, which king Edward benignly graunted, and ſent to him againe that he ſhould come to the towne of Brethin, and bring thither the great lords of Scotland wt him. The king of england ſẽt thither Antony Beke, biſhop of Durhã, with his royall power to conclude the ſaide trea|tice: and there it was agréed that ye ſaid Iohn and all the Scottes ſhould vtterly ſubmitte thẽſelues to the kings will, & to the end ye ſaid ſubmiſſiõ ſhould be performed accordingly, ye EEBO page image 46 king of Scottes laid his ſonne in hoſtage and pledge. There alſo he made his letters ſealed with the common ſeale of Scotland, by the which he knowledging his ſimplenes & great offence done to his lord king Edward of eng|lande, by his full power & frée will, yelded vp all the lande of Scotland, with all the people & homage of the ſame. Then ye ſaid king Ed|ward went forth to ſée the mountaines, and vnderſtandyng that all was in quyete and peace, he turned to ye Abbey of Stone of Cha|nons regular, where he tooke the ſtone called the Regall of Scotland, vpõ which the kings of Scotland were wont to ſitte, at the time of their coronations for a throne, and ſent it to the Abbey of Weſtminſter, commaundyng to make a chaire thereof for the prieſtes that ſhould ſing maſſe at the high altare: which chaire was made, and ſtandeth yet there at this day.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yere of our Lord 1296. the king held his Parliament at Barwike: and there he tooke homage ſingularly of all the lordes and nobles of Scotland. And for a perpetuall me|mory of the ſame, they made their letters pa|tentes ſealed with their ſeales, & thẽ the king of england made William Warreine earle of Surrey and Southſaxe, Lord Warden of Scotland, Hugh of Creſſingham treaſorer, and William Ormeſby iuſtice of Scotland, and foorthwith ſent king Iohn to the tower of London, and Iohn Comyn, and the earle Badenauth, the erle of Bohan & other lordes into england to diuers places on this ſyde of the Trent.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 And after that in the yere of our lord, 1297 at the feaſt of Chriſtmas, the kyng called be|fore him the ſayd Iohn king of Scottes, al|though he had committed hym to warde: and ſaide that he would burne or deſtroy their ca|ſtels, townes & landes, if he were not recom|penced for hys coſtes & damages ſuſtained in the warres, but king Iohn & the other that were inwarde, aunſwered that they had no|thing, ſith their liues, their deathes, and goods were in his handes. The king vpon that aun|ſwer mooued with pity, graunted them theyr lyues, ſo that they would doe their homage & make their othe ſolemnly at the high altar (in the church of the Abbey of Weſtminſter) vp|pon the Euchariſt, that they and euery of thẽ ſhould holde and kepe true fayth, obedience, and allegiaunce to the ſaid king Edward and his heires kinges of englande for euer. And where the ſaid king of Scots ſaw the kinges banner of england diſplayed, he and all hys ſhould draw there vnto. And that neyther he nor any of his from thenceforth ſhould beare armes againſt the king of england or any of his bloud. Finally, the king rewarding wyth great giftes the ſayd king Iohn & his lordes, ſuffered them to departe. But they went into Scotland alway imagining (notwithſtãding this their ſubmiſſiõ) how they might oppreſſe king Edward and diſturbe his realme. The Scottes ſent alſo to the king of Fraunce for ſuccour and helpe, who ſent them ſhippes to Barwike furniſhed with men of armes, the king of england then beyng in Flaunders.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yeare of our lord 1298. the king wẽt into Scotland with a great hoſt, and ye Scots alſo aſſembled in great number, but the king faught with them at Fawkirke on S. Mary Magdalenes daye, where were ſlayne lx. M. Scots, and William Walleys that was their captayne fled, who beyng taken after|ward, was hanged, drawen, and quartered at London.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After this the Scottes rebelled agayne, and all ye lordes of Scotland choſe Robert Bruis to be king, except only Iohn Cõmyn earle of Carrike, who would not conſent thereto be|cauſe of his othe made to ye king of england. Wherefore Robert Bruis This was done, vpon the 29. of Ian. 1306. ſlewe hym at Dumfriſe, and the ſame Robert Bruis was crowned at Schone Abbay. Hereupon the king of england aſſembled a great hoſte, and rode thorough all Scotland, and diſcomfited Robert Bruis, and ſlue viij. M. Scottes, and tooke the moſt part of all the lordes of Scot|lande, putting the temporall lordes to death becauſe they were foreſworne.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edward borne at Carnaruan ſonne of this Edward, was next king of England, who frõ the beginning of his reigne enioyed Scotlãd peaceably, dooing in all thinges as is aboue ſayde of king Edwarde his father, vntill to|warde the latter ende of his reigne, about which time thys Robert Bruſe conſpired a|gainſt him & with the helpe of a few forſworn Scottes, forſwore himſelfe king of Scottes. Hereupon this Edward with Thomas earle of Lancaſter and many other Lords made warre vpõ him about the feaſt of Mary mag|dalene, the ſayde Bruſe and hys partakers being already accurſed by the Pope for brea|king the truce that he had eſtabliſhed betwixt thẽ But being infortunate in his firſt warres againſt him, he ſuffered Edwarde the ſonne Baliol to proclaime himſelf king of Scottes, and neuertheleſſe héelde forth his warres a|gaynſt Bruſe, before the ending of which he dyed, as I reade.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edwarde borne at Windſore ſonne of Ed|ward ye ſecond was next king of england at ye age of fiftéene yeares, in whoſe minoritie the Scots practiſed with Iſabell mother to this Edwarde and wyth Roger Mortymer earle EEBO page image 56 of the March to haue their homages releaſed, whoſe good will therin they obtayned, ſo that for the ſame releaſe they ſhoulde pay to thys king Edward thirtie thouſand poundes ſter|ling in thrée yeares next following, that is to ſay, tenne thouſand pounde ſterling yearely. But bicauſe the nobilitie & commons of this realme woulde not by parliament conſent vnto it their king being within age, the ſame releaſe procéeded not, albeit the Scottes cea|ſed not their practiſes with thys Quéene and Earle. But before thoſe three yeres in which their money (if ye bargaine had taken place) ſhoulde haue béene payed were exſpired, our king Edwarde inuaded Scotlande and cea|ſed not the warre vntill Dauid the ſonne of Robert le Bruſe then by their election king of ſcotlande abſolutelye ſubmytted hymſelfe vnto hym. But for that the ſayde Dauid Bruſe had before by practiſe of the Quéene and the Earle of Marche, marryed Iane the ſiſter of this king Edward: he mooued by na|turall zeale to his ſiſter, was contented to giue the realme of ſcotlande to this Dauid Bruſe, & to the heires that ſhoulde be degot|ten of the body of the ſayde Iane (ſauing the reuerſion and meane homages to this king Edwarde and to his owne children) where|with the ſame Dauid Bruſe was right well contented, and therevpon immediately made his homage for ſcotlande vnto him.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Howbeit ſhortly after cauſeleſſe contey|ning cauſe of diſpleaſure, this Dauid procu|red to diſolue this ſame eſtate ta [...]ly, and ther|vpon not onely rebelled in ſcotlande, but al|ſo inuaded englande, whyleſt king Edwarde was occupyed about hys warres in France. But this Dauid was not onely expelled eng|lãd in thend, but alſo thinking no place a ſuffi|cient defence to his vntrueth, of his owne ac|corde fled out of ſcotlãd: wherby the coũtreis of Annandale, Gallaway, Mars, Teuydale, Twedale, and Ethrike were ſeaſed into the king of englandes handes, and new Marches ſet betwéene englande and ſcotland at Cock|burnes pathe and Sowtry hedge, which whẽ this Dauid wẽt about to recouer againe, his power was diſcomfited, and himſelf by a few engliſhmen taken and brought into englande where he remayned pryſoner eleuen yeres.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Duryng thys tyme, kyng Edwarde en|ioyed Scotlande peaceably, and then at the contemplacion and wery ſuite of his ſorow|full ſiſter wyfe of this Dauid, he was conten|ted once againe to reſtore him to the king|dome of Scotlande, wherevpon it was con|cluded, that for this rebellion Dauid ſhoulde paye to king Edward the ſomme of one hun|dred thouſande markes ſterling, and thereto deſtroy all his holdes and fortreſſes ſtanding agaynſt the engliſh borders, & further aſſure the crowne of ſcotland to the children of th [...] kyng Edward for lacke of heire of his ow [...] bodye, all which thinges he dyd accordingly. And for the better aſſurance of his obeiſance alſo, he afterward deliuered into the hãds of king Edward ſundry noble men of ſcotlãd in this behalf as his pledges. And this is the ef|fect of the hiſtory of Dauid, touching his d [...]|lings: now let vs ſée what was done by Ed|warde Bailioll, whereof our Chronicles doe make report as followeth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In ye yere of our lord 1326. Edward ye third king of england was crowned at Weſtmin|ſter, and in the 5. yere of his reigne Edward Bailiol right heire to ye kingdome of ſcotlãd came in & claymed it as due to him. Sundry lordes and gentlemen alſo, which had title to diuers landes there, either by themſelues, or by their wiues did ye like, wherupõ the ſayde Bailiol & they went into ſcotland by ſea, and landing at Kinghorne with 3000. Engliſh|men, diſcomfited 10000. Scottes, and ſlewe 1200. and thẽ went forth to Dunfermeline, where the ſcots aſſembled againſt them with 40000. men, and in the feaſt of ſ. Laurence, at a place called Gaſtmore (or otherwyſe Gladmore) were ſlaine v. Erles, xiij. Barõs, a hundred and thrée ſcore knightes, two M. men of armes, and many other, in all xl.M. and there were ſlaine on the engliſh part but xiij. perſons only.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the eight yere of the raign of kyng Ed|ward, he aſſembled a great hoſte and came to Barwike vpon Twéede, & laid ſiege thereto To him alſo came Edward Bailiol king of ſcots, wt a great power to ſtrength & aide him againſt the ſcottes who came out of ſcotland in foure battailes well armed and arayed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edwarde kyng of england, and Edwarde king of ſcottes, apparelled their people either of them in foure battailes: and vppon H [...]|lidon hyll, beſide Barwike, met theſe two hoſtes, and there were diſcomfited of ye ſcots, xxv.M. and vij.C. whereof were ſlayne viij. erles, a thouſand and thrée hundred knightes and gentlemen. This victory done, the kyng returned to Barwike, and the towne wyth the caſtell were yelded vp vnto him.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the eyght yeare of the reigne of king Edward of englande, Edward Bailiol kyng of ſcottes came to Newcaſtell vpon tine and dyd homage.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lorde 1346. Dauid Bruys by exhortacion of the king of France rebelled, and came into england with a great hoſte vnto Neuilles croſſe: But the Archbi|ſhoppe of Yorke with diuers temporall men, EEBO page image 47 fought wt him and the ſaid king of ſcots was takẽ, and William earle Duglas & Morriſe earle of Strathorne were brought to Londõ, & many other Lords ſlayne, which wyth Da|uid dyd homage to Edward king of england.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 And in the thirtie yere of the kings reigne, and the yeare of our Lorde 1355. the ſcottes wanne the towne of Barwicke, but not the Caſtell. Hereupon the king came thither wt a great hoſte, and anone the towne was yéel|den without any reſiſtance.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edwarde Bailiol, conſidering that God dyd ſo many marueylous & gracious thinges for kyng Edwarde, at his owne will gaue vp the crowne and the realme of ſcotland to king Edwarde of england at Rokeſborough, by his letters patents.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 And anon after the king of england, in pre|ſence of all his Lordes ſpirituall and tempo|rall, let crowne himſelfe kyng there of the realme of ſcotlande, and ordayned all thinges to hys intent, and ſo came ouer in englande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Richarde the ſonne of Edward, called the blacke prince, ſonne of this kyng Edward, was next king of Englande, who for that the ſayde Iane, the wyfe of the ſayde king Da|uyd of Scotland was d [...]ed without iſſue, and being enformed how [...] Scottes deuiſed to their vttermoſt power to breake the limi|tacion of this inheritance touching ye crowne of ſcotland, made forthwith war againſt thẽ, wherin he brent Edẽbrough, ſpoyled all their countrey, tooke all their holdes, and maintai|ned continually warre againſt them vnto his death, which was Anno domi. M.CCC.xcix.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Henry the fourth of that name was next kyng of englande, he continued theſe warres begun againſt them by king Richard, & ceaſ|ſed not vntyll Robert king of ſcots (the third of ye name) reſigned hys crowne by appoint|ment of this kyng Henry, and deliuered hys ſonne Iames beyng then of the age of nyne yeares, into his handes to remayne at his cu|ſtodie, wardſhip and diſpoſition, as of his ſu|periour Lord, according to the olde lawes of king Edwarde the confeſſour. All this was done Anno dom. M.CCCC.iiij. which was within fiue yeares after the death of kyng Richarde: This Henry the fourth reigned in this ſtate ouer them fouretéene years.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Henry the fift of that name ſonne to thys king Henry the fourth was next king of eng|land. He made warres againſt ye french king, in all which this Iames then king of ſcottes attended vpon him as vpon his ſuperior lord, with a conuenient number of ſcots, notwith|ſtanding their league with fraunce. But this Henry reigned but nine yeares, whereby the homage of this Iames their king (hauing not fully accompliſhed the age of one and twen|tye yeares) was by reaſon and lawe reſpited. Finallye the ſayd Iames wyth dyuers other lordes attended vpon the corpes of the ſayde ſaide Henry vnto Weſtminſter, as to his du|tie appertayned.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Henry the ſixt, the ſonne of this Henry the fift, was next king of englande to whome the ſeignorie of ſcotlande and cuſtodye of thys Iames by right lawe and reaſon diſcended, marryed the ſame Iames king of ſcottes to Iane daughter of Iohn earle of Sommerſet, at ſ. Mary [...]er Iſe in ſouth [...]arke, and tooke for the value of thys marryage, the ſumme of one hundreth thouſand markes ſterling.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Iames king of ſcottes at his full age, did homage to the ſame king Henry the ſixt, fo [...] the kingdome of ſcotland at Wynd|ſore, in the moneth of Ianuary.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Since which tyme vnto the dayes of king Henry the ſeauenth, graundfather to our ſo|uereigne lord that now is, albeit this realme hath béene moleſted with diuerſitie of titles, in which vnméete tyme neither lawe nor rea|ſon admit preſcription to the preiudice of any ryght: yet did king Edwarde the fourth next king of englande by preparation of war [...]e a|gainſt the ſcottes in the latter ende of hys reigne, ſufficiently by al lawes indure to the continua [...]e of his claime to the ſame ſupe|rioritie ouer them.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After whoſe death, vnto the beginning of the reigne of our ſouereigne lorde king Hen|ry the eight, excéeded not the number of xxvij yeares, about which tyme the impediment of our clayme of the ſcottes part, chaunced by the nonage of Iames their laſt king, which ſo cont [...]d the ſpace of one & twentie yeres. And like as his minoritie was by all law and reaſon an impediment to himſelf to make ho|mage, ſo was the ſame by like reaſõ an impe|diment to ye king of this realme to demaunde any, ſo that the whole time of intermiſſion of our claime in the time of the ſayde king Hen|ry the eyght, is [...] vnto the number of thirtéene yeres, & thus much for this matter.

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1.19. Of the generall constitution of the bodies of the Britons. Chap. 20.

Of the generall constitution of the bodies of the Britons. Chap. 20.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 _SUch as are bred in this Iland are men for the most part of a good complexion, tall of sta|ture, strong in bodie, white of colour, and thereto of great boldnesse and courage in the warres. As for their generall comelinesse of person, the te|stimonie of Gregorie the great, at such time as he saw English capteins sold at Rome, shall easilie confirme what it is, which yet dooth differ in sundrie shires and soiles, as also their proportion of mem|bers, as we may perceiue betwéene Herefordshire and Essex men, or Cambridge shire and the Londo|ners for the one, and Pokington and Sedberrie for the other; these latter being distinguished by their no|ses and heads, which commonlie are greater there than in other places of the land. As concerning the stomachs also of our nation in the field, they haue al|waies beene in souereigne admiration among for|ren princes: for such hath béene the estimation of our souldiers from time to time, since our Isle hath béene knowne vnto the Romans, that wheresoeuer they haue serued in forren countries, the cheefe brunts of seruice haue beene reserued vnto them. Of their con|quests and bloudie battels woone in France, Ger|manie, and Scotland, our histories are full: & where they haue beene ouercome, the victorers themselues confessed their victories to haue béene so déerelie bought, that they would not gladlie couet to ouer|come often, after such difficult maner. In martiall prowesse, there is little or no difference betwéene Englishmen and Scots: for albeit that the Scots haue beene often and verie gréeuouslie ouercome by the force of our nation, it hath not béene for want of manhood on their parts, but through the mercie of God shewed on vs, and his iustice vpon them, sith they alwaies haue begun the quarels, and offered vs méere iniurie with great despite and crueltie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Leland noting somewhat of the constitution of our bodies, saith these words grounding (I thinke vpon Aristotle, who writeth that such as dwell neere the north, are of more courage and strength of bodie than skilfulnesse or wisdome.) The Britons are white in colour, strong of bodie, and full of bloud, as peo|ple inhabiting neere the north, and farre from the equinoctiall line, where the soile is not so fruitfull, and therefore the people not so feeble: whereas contrari|wise such as dwell toward the course of the sunne, are lesse of stature, weaker of bodie, more nice, deli|cate, fearefull by nature, blacker in colour, & some so blacke in déed as anie crow or rauen. Thus saith he. Howbeit, as those which are bred in sundrie places of the maine, doo come behind vs in constitution of bo|die, so I grant, that in pregnancie of wit, nimble|nesse of limmes, and politike inuentions, they gene|rallie exceed vs: notwithstanding that otherwise these gifts of theirs doo often degenerate into méere subtiltie, instabilitie, vnfaithfulnesse, & crueltie. Yet Alexander ab Alexandro is of the opinion, that the fertilest region dooth bring foorth the dullest wits, and contrariwise the harder soile the finest heads. But in mine opinion, the most fertile soile dooth bring foorth the proudest nature, as we may see by the Campani|ans, who (as Cicero also saith) had Penes eos ipsum domi|cilium superbiae. But nether of these opinions do iustlie take hold of vs, yet hath it pleased the writers to saie their pleasures of vs. And for that we dwell northward, we are commonlie taken by the forren historiographers, to be men of great strength and little policie, much courage and small shift, bicause of the weake abode of the sunne with vs, whereby our braines are not made hot and warmed, as Pachy|merus noteth lib. 3: affirming further, that the people inhabiting in the north parts are white of colour, blockish vnciuill, fierce and warlike, which qualities increase, as they come neerer vnto the pole; whereas the contrarie pole giueth contrarie gifts, blacknesse wisdome, ciuilitie, weakenesse, and cowardise, thus saith he. But alas, how farre from probabilitie or as if there were not one and the same conclusion to be made of the constitutions of their bodies, which dwell vnder both the poles. For in truth his assertion hol|deth onelie in their persons that inhabit néere vnto and vnder the equinoctiall. As for the small tariance of the sunne with vs, it is also confuted by the length EEBO page image 115 of our daies.Non vi sed vir|tute, non armis sed ingenio vin|ct [...]n [...]tur A [...]gli. Wherefore his reason seemeth better to vphold that of Alexander ab Alexandro afore alled|ged, than to prooue that we want wit, bicause our brains are not warmed by the tariance of the sunne. And thus also dooth Comineus burden vs after a sort in his historie, and after him Bodinus. But thanked be God, that all the wit of his countriemen, if it may be called wit, could neuer compasse to doo so much in Britaine, as the strength and courage of our Englishmen (not without great wisedome and fore|cast), haue brought to passe in France, The Galles in time past contemned the Romans (saith Caesar) bi|cause of the smalnesse of their stature: howbeit, for all their greatnesse (saith he) and at the first brunt in the warres, they shew themselues to be but féeble, neither is their courage of any force to stand in great calamities. Certes in accusing our wisedome in this sort, he dooth (in mine opinion) increase our commen|dation. For if it be a vertue to deale vprightlie with singlenesse of mind, sincerelie and plainlie, without anie such suspicious fetches in all our dealings, as they commonlie practise in their affaires, then are our countrimen to be accompted wise and ver|tuous. But if it be a vice to colour craftinesse, sub|tile practises, doublenesse, and hollow behauiour, with a cloake of policie, amitie and wisedome: then are Comineus and his countrimen to be reputed vicious, of whome this prouerbe hath of old time beene vsed as an eare marke of their dissimulation,

Galli ridendo fidem frangunt. &c.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 How these latter points take hold in Italie, I meane not to discusse. How they are dailie practised in manie places of the maine, & he accompted most wise and politike, that can most of all dissemble; here is no place iustlie to determine (neither would I wish my countrimen to learne anie such wisedome) but that a king of France could saie; Qui nescit dissi|mulare, nescit regnare, or viuere, their owne histories are testimonies sufficient. Galen, the noble physician, transferring the forces of our naturall humors from the bodie to the mind, attributeth to the yellow co|lour, prudence; to the blacke, constancie; to bloud, mirth; to phlegme, courtesie: which being mixed more or lesse among themselues, doo yéeld an infinit varietie. By this means therefore it commeth to passe, that be whose nature inclineth generallie to phlegme, cannot but be courteous: which ioined with strength of bodie, and sinceritie of behauiour (quali|ties vniuersallie granted to remaine so well in our nation, as other inhabitants of the north) I cannot see what may be an hinderance whie I should not ra|ther conclude, that the Britons doo excell such as dwell in the hoter countries, than for want of craft and subtilties to come anie whit behind them. It is but vanitie also for some to note vs (as I haue often heard in common table talke) as barbarous, bicause we so little regard the shedding of our bloud, and ra|ther tremble not when we sée the liquor of life to go from vs (I vse their owne words.) Certes if we be barbarous in their eies, bicause we be rather infla|med than appalled at our wounds, then are those ob|iectors flat cowards in our iudgement: sith we thinke it a great péece of manhood to stand to our tackling, vntill the last drop, as men that may spare much bicause we haue much: whereas they hauing lesse are afraid to lose that little which they haue: as Frontinus also noteth. As for that which the French write of their owne manhood in their histories, I make little accompt of it: for I am of the opinion, that as an Italian writing of his credit; A papist in|treating of religion, a Spaniard of his méekenesse, or a Scot of his manhood, is not to be builded on; no more is a Frenchman to be trusted in the report of his owne affaires, wherein he dooth either dissemble or excéed, which is a foule vice in such as professe to deale vprightlie, Neither are we so hard to stran|gers as Horace wold séeme to make vs, sith we loue them so long as they abuse vs not, & make accompt of them so far foorth as they despise vs not. And this is generallie to be verified, in that they vse our priui|leges and commodities for diet, apparell and trade of gaine, in so ample manner as we our selues enioy them: which is not lawfull for vs to doo in their coun|tries, where no stranger is suffered to haue worke, if an home-borne be without. But to procéed with our purpose.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 With vs (although our good men care not to liue long, but to liue well) some doo liue an hundred yéers, verie manie vnto foure score: as for thrée score, it is taken but for our entrance into age, so that in Bri|taine no man is said to wax old till he draw vnto thréescore, at which time God spéed you well commeth in place; as Epaminondas sometime said in mirth, af|firming that vntill thirtie yeares of age, You are welcome is the best salutation;Salutations according to our ages. and from thence to thréescore, God kéepe you; but after thréescore, it is best to saie, God spéed you well: for at that time we begin to grow toward our iournies end, whereon manie a one haue verie good leaue to go. These two are also noted in vs (as things apperteining to the firme constitutions of our bodies) that there hath not béene séene in anie region so manie carcasses of the dead to remaine from time to time without corrupti|on as in Britaine: and that after death by slaughter or otherwise, such as remaine vnburied by foure or fiue daies togither, are easie to be knowne and dis|cerned by their fréends and kindred; whereas Tacitus and other complaine of sundrie nations, saieng, that their bodies are Tam fluidae substantiae, that within certeine houres the wife shall hardlie know hir hus|band, the mother hir sonne, or one fréend another af|ter their liues be ended. In like sort the comelinesse of our liuing bodies doo continue from midle age (for the most) euen to the last gaspe, speciallie in mankind. And albeit that our women through bearing of chil|dren doo after fortie begin to wrinkle apace, yet are they not commonlie so wretched and hard fauoured to looke vpon in their age, as the French women, and diuerse of other countries with whom their men also doo much participate; and there to be so often wai|ward and peeuish, that nothing in maner may con|tent them.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 I might here adde somewhat also of the meane stature generallie of our women, whose beautie commonlie excéedeth the fairest of those of the maine, their comlinesse of person and good proporti|on of limmes, most of theirs that come ouer vnto vs from beyond the seas. This neuerthelesse I vtterlie mislike in the poorer sort of them, for the wealthier doo sildome offend herein: that being of themselues without gouernement, they are so carelesse in the education of their children (wherein their husbands also are to be blamed) by means whereof verie ma|nie of them neither fearing God, neither regarding either maners or obedience, doo oftentimes come to confusion, which (if anie correction or discipline had béene vsed toward them in youth) might haue proo|ued good members of their common-wealth & coun|trie, by their good seruice and industrie. I could make report likewise of the naturall vices and vertues of all those that are borne within this Iland, but as the full tractation herof craueth a better head than mine to set foorth the same, so will I giue place to other men that list to take it in hand. Thus much therefore of the constitutions of our bodies: and so much may suffice.

1.20. How Britaine at the first grew to be diuided into three portions. Cap. 21.

EEBO page image 116

How Britaine at the first grew to be diuided into three portions. Cap. 21.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 _AFter the comming of Brutus into this Iland (which was, as you haue read in the foresaid treatise, about the yeare of the world, 2850, or 1217 be|fore the incarnation of Christ, although Goropius after his maner doo vtterlie denie our historie in this behalfe) he made a generall surueis of the whole Iland from side to side, by such means to view and search out not onelie the limits and bounds of his dominions, but also what commodities this new atchiued conquest might yéeld vnto his people. Ferthermore, finding out at the last also a conuena|ble place wherin to erect a citie, he began there euen the verie same which at this daie is called London, naming it Trenouanton, in remembrance of old Troie, from whence his ancestors proceeded, and for which the Romans pronounced afterward Trino|bantum, although the Welshmen doo call it still Tre|newith. This citie was builded (as some write) much about the tenth yeare of his reigne, so that he liued not aboue fiftéene yeares after he had finished the same. But of the rest of his other acts attempted and doone, before or after the erection of this citie, I find no certeine report, more than that when he had reig|ned in this Iland after his arriuall by the space of foure and twentie yeares, he finished his daies at Trenouanton aforesaid, being in his yoong and flo|rishing age, where his carcase was honourablie interred. As for the maner of his death, I find as yet no mention thereof among such writers as are ex|tant; I meane whether it grew vnto him by defect of nature, or force of gréeuous wounds receiued in his warres against such as withstood him from time to time in this Iland, and therefore I can saie nothing of that matter. Herein onelie all agree, that during the time of his languishing paines, he made a dispo|sition of his whole kingdome, diuiding it into three parts or portions, according to the number of his sonnes then liuing, whereof the eldest excéeded not eight and twentie yeares of age, as my coniecturs giueth me.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 To the eldest therefore,Locrine. whose name was Locrine, he gaue the greatest and best region of all the rest, which of him to this daie is called Lhoegres among the Britons,Lhoegria. but in our language England: of such English Saxons as made conquest of the same. This portion also is included on the south with the British sea, on the est with the Germane Ocean, on the north with the Humber, and on the west with the Irish sea, and the riuers Dee and Sauerne, whereof in the generall description of this Iland I haue spo|ken more at large. To CamberCamber. his second sonne he assigned all that lieth beyond the Sauerne and Dee,Cambria. toward the west (which parcell in these daies contei|neth Southwales and Northwales) with sundrie I|lands adiacent to the same, the whole being in maner cut off and separated from England or Lhoegria by the said streams, wherby it séemeth also a peninsula or by-land, if you respect the small hillie portion of ground that lieth indifferentlie betweene their maine courses, or such branches (at the least) as run and fall into them. The Welshmen or Britons call it by the ancient name still vnto this day, but we Eng|lishmen terme it Wales: which denomination we haue from the Saxons, who in time past did vse the word Walsh in such sort as we doo Strange: for as we call all those strangers that are not of our nati|on, so did they name them Walsh which were not of their countrie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The third and last part of the Iland he allotted vn|to Albanact his yoongest sonne (for he had but three ill all,Albanact. as I haue said before) whose portion séemed for circuit to be more large than that of Camber, and in maner equall in greatnesse with the dominions of Locrinus. But if you haue regard to the seuerall commodities that are to be reaped by each, you shall find them to be not much discrepant or differing one from another: for what soeuer the first & second haue in plentie of corne, fine grasse, and large cattell, this latter wanteth not in excéeding store of fish, rich met|tall, quarries of stone, and abundance of wild foule: so that in mine opinion, there could not be a more e|quall partition then this made by Brute, and after the aforesaid maner. This later parcell at the first, tooke the name of Albanactus, who called it Albania. But now a small portion onelie of the region (being vnder the regiment of a duke) reteineth the said de|nomination, the rest being called Scotland, of cer|teine Scots that came ouer from Ireland to inha|bit in those quarters.Albania. It is diuided from Lhoegres also by the Solue and the Firth, yet some doo note the Humber; so that Albania (as Brute left it) conteined all the north part of the Iland that is to be found be|yond the aforesaid streame, vnto the point of Cath|nesse.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 To conclude, Brute hauing diuided his king|dome after this maner, and therein contenting him|selfe as it were with the generall title of the whole, it was not long after yer he ended his life; and being solemnelie interred at his new citie by his thrée chil|dren, they parted each from other, and tooke possessi|on of their prouinces.Locrine king also of Scot|land. But Scotland after two yeares fell againe into the hands of Locrinus as to the chiefe lord, by the death of his brother Albanact, who was slaine by Humber king of the Scithians, and left none issue behind him to succéed him in that kingdome.

1.21. After what maner the souereigntie of this Ile dooth remaine to the princes of Lhoegres or kings of England. Chap. 22.

After what maner the souereigntie of this Ile dooth remaine to the princes of Lhoegres or kings of England. Chap. 22.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 _IT is possible that some of the Scotish nation, reading the former chapter, will take of|fense with me for meaning that the principalitie of the north parts of this Ile hath alwais belonged to the kings of Lhoegres.The Scots alwaies desi|rous to shake off ye English subiection, haue often made cruell & odious at|tempts so to doo, but in vaine. For whose more ample satisfaction in this behalfe, I will here set downe a discourse thereof at large, written by di|uerse, and now finallie brought into one treatise, suf|ficient (as I thinke) to satisfie the reasonable, al|though not halfe enough peraduenture to content a wrangling mind, sith there is (or at the leastwise hath beene) nothing more odious among some, than to heare that the king of England hath ought to doo in Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 How their historiographers haue attempted to shape manie coloured excuses to auoid so manifest a title, all men may see that read their bookes indiffe|rentlie, wherevnto I referre them. For my part there is little or nothing of mine herein, more than onelie the collection and abridgement of a number of fragments togither, wherein chéeflie I haue vsed the helpe of Nicholas Adams a lawier, who wrote EEBO page image 117 thereof (of set purpose) to king Edward the sixt, as Leland did the like to king Henrie the eight, Iohn Harding vnto Edward the fourth; beside thrée other, whereof the first dedicated his treatise to Henrie the fourth, the second to Edward the third, and the third to Edward the first, as their writings yet extant doo abundantlie beare witnesse. The title also that Le|land giueth his booke, which I haue had written with his owne hand, beginneth in this maner:

These re|membrances following are found in chronicles au|thorised, remaining in diuerse monasteries both in England and Scotland, by which it is euidentlie knowne and shewed, that the kings of England haue had, and now ought to haue the souereigntie ouer all Scotland, with the homage and fealtie of the kings there reigning from time to time, &c.
Herevn|to you haue heard alreadie, what diuision Brute made of this Iland not long before his death, wherof ech of his children, so soone as he was interred, tooke seisure and possession. Howbeit, after two yeares it happened that Albanact was slaine, wherevpon Lo|crinus and Camber raising their powers, reuenged his death: and finallie the said Locrinus made an entrance vpon Albania, seized it into his owne hands (as excheated wholie vnto himselfe) without yéelding anie part thereof vnto his brother Camber, who made no claime nor title vnto anie portion of the same. Hereby then (saith Adams) it euidentlie appeareth, that the entire seigniorie ouer Albania consisted in Locrinus, according to which example like law among brethren euer since hath continued, in preferring the eldest brother to the onelie benefit of the collaterall ascension from the youngest, as well in Scotland as in England vnto this daie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine, that is to saie, the sonne of Mempris, sonne of Madan, sonne of the same Locrine builded in Al|bania the castell of Maidens, now called Edenbo|rough (so called of Aldan somtime king of Scotland, but at the first named Cair Minid Agnes. 1. the ca|stell on mount Agnes, and the castell of virgins) and the castell of Alcluith or Alclude, now called Dunbriton, as the Scotish Hector Boetius confes|seth: whereby it most euidentlie appeareth, that our Ebranke was then thereof seized. This Ebranke reigned in the said state ouer them a long time; after whose death Albania (as annexed to the empire of Britaine) descended to the onelie king of Britons, vntill the time of the two sisters sonnes, Morgan and Conedage, lineall heires from the said Ebranke, who brotherlie at the first diuided the realme betwéen them; so that Morgan had Lhoegres, and Conedage had Albania. But shortlie after Morgan the elder brother, pondering in his head the loue of his brother with the affection to a kingdome, excluded nature, and gaue place to ambition, and therevpon denoun|cing warre, death miserablie ended his life (as the reward of his vntruth) whereby Conedage obteined the whole empire of all Britaine: in which state he remained during his naturall life.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From him the same lineallie descended to the onelie king of Britons, vntill (and after) the reigne of Gorbodian, who had issue two sonnes, Ferrex, and Porrex. This Porrex requiring like diuision of the land, affirming the former partitions to be rather of law than fauor, was by the hands of his elder brother (best loued of queene mother) both of his life and hoped kingdome beerea [...]ed at once. Wherevpon their vnnaturall mother, vsing hir na|turall malice for the death of hir one sonne (without regard of the loosing of both) miserablie slue the other in his bed mistrusting no such treason.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Cloten, by all writers, as well Scotish as other, was the next inheritour to the whole empire: but lacking power (the onelie meane in those daies to obteine right) he was contented to diuide the same among foure of his kinsmen; so that Scater had Albania. But after the death of this Cloten, his sonne Dunwallo Mulmutius made warre vpon these foure kings, and at last overcame them, and so recouered the whole dominion. In token of which victorie, he caused himselfe to be crowned with a crowne of gold, the verie first of that mettall (if anie at all were before in vse) that was worne among the kings of this nation. This Dunwallo erected tem|ples, wherein the people should assemble for praier; to which temples he gaue benefit of sanctuarie. He made the law for wager of battell, in cases of mur|der and felonie, whereby a théefe that liued and made his art of fighting, should for his purgation fight with the true man whom he had robbed, beléeuing as|suredlie, that the gods (for then they supposed manie) would by miracle assigne victorie to none but the in|nocent partie. Certes the priuileges of this law, and benefit of the latter, as well in Scotland as in England, be inioied to this daie, few causes by late positiue laws among vs excepted, wherin the benefit of wager of battell is restreined. By which obedi|ence to his lawes, it dooth manifestlie appéere, that this Dunwallo was then seized of Albania, now called Scotland. This Dunwallo reigned in this estate ouer them manie yeares.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Beline and Brenne the sonnes also of Dunwallo, did after their fathers death fauourablie diuide the land betweene them; so that Beline had Lhoegres, & Brenne had Albania: but for that this Brenne (a subiect) without the consent of his elder brother and lord, aduentured to marrie with the daughter of the king of Denmarke; Beline seized Albania into his owne hands, and thervpon caused the notable waies priuileged by Dunwallons lawes to be newlie wrought by mens hands, which for the length exten|ded from the further part of Cornewall, vnto the sea by north Cathnesse in Scotland. In like sort to and for the better maintenance of religion in those daies, he constituted ministers called archflamines, in sun|drie places of this Iland (who in their seuerall functi|ons resembled the bishops of our times) the one of which remained at Ebranke now called Yorke, and the whole region Caerbrantonica (whereof Ptolomie also speaketh but not without wresting of the name) whose power extended to the vttermost bounds of Albania, wherby likewise appeareth that it was then within his owne dominion. After his death the whole Ile was inioied by the onelie kings of Britaine, vn|till the time of Uigenius & Peridurus lineall heires from the said Beline, who fauourablie made partiti|on, so that Uigenius had all the land from Humber by south, and Peridurus from thence northwards all Albania, &c. This Uigenius died, and Peridurus suruiued, and thereby obteined the whole, from whom the same quietlie descended, and was by his posteri|tie accordinglie inioied, vntill the reigne of Coell the first of that name. In his time an obscure nation (by most writers supposed Scithians) passed by seas from Ireland, and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania: against whome this Coell assembled his power, and being entred Albania to expell them, one Fergus in the night disguised, entered the tent of this Coell, and in his bed traitorouslie slue him.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Fergus was therfore, in reward of his great prowesse, made there king, whervpon they sat downe in that part, with their wiues and children, and called it Scotland, and themselues Scots: from the begin|ing of the world, foure thousand six hundred and sea|uentéene yeares after the Scotish accompt, which by iust computation and confession of all their owne writers, is six hundred yeares lacking ten, after that EEBO page image 118 Brutus had reigned ouer the whole Iland, the same land being inioied by him and his posteritie before their comming, during two and fiftie descents of the kings of Britaine, which is a large prescription. Cer|tes this intrusion into a land so manie hundred yeares before inhabited, and by so manie descents of kings quietlie inioied, is the best title that all their owne writers can alledge for them. But to proceed. Fergus herevpon immediatlie did diuide Albania also among his capteins and their souldiers: where|by it most euidentlie appeareth, that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before, in proofe whereof the same partition shall follow.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The lands of Cathnes lieng against Orkneie, Out of He|ctor Boecius lib. 5. be|twéene Dummesbeie and the water of Thane, was giuen vnto one Cornath, a capteine and his people. The lands betwéene the water of Thane & Nes, now called Rosse, being in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Locht, were giuen to Lu|torke, another capteine and his people. The lands be|twéene Spaie and Nes, from the Almane seas to the Ireland seas, now called Murraie land, were gi|uen to one Warroch and his people. The land of Tha|lia, now called Boin Ainze, Bogewall, Gariot, For|martine, and Bowguhan, were giuen to one Thalis and his people. The lands of Mar Badezenoch, and Lochquhaber, were giuen to Martach and his peo|ple. The lands of Lorne and Kintier, with the hilles and mounteins thereof, lieng from Mar to the Ire|land seas, were giuen to capteine Nanance and his people. The lands of Athole were giuen to Atholus, another capteine and his people. The lands of Stra|braun, & Brawdawane lieng west from Dunkell, were giuen to Creones & Epidithes two capteins. The lands of Argile, were giuen to Argathelus a cap|teine. The lands of Linnox & Clidisdale were allot|ted to Lolgona a capteine. The lands of Siluria now called Kile, Carrike & Cuningham, were giuen to Silurth another capteine. The lands of Brigance now called Gallowaie, were giuen to the companie called Brigandes, which (as their best men) were ap|pointed to dwell next the Britons, who afterward ex|pelled the Britons from Annandale in Albanie, whereby it is confessed to be before inhabited by Bri|tons. The residue of the land now called Scotland, that is to saie: Meirnis, Angus, Steremond, Gow|rie, Strahern, Pirth, Fiffe, Striueling, Callender, Calderwood, Lougthian, Mers, Teuedale, with o|ther the Rement Dales, & the Sherifdome, of Ber|wicke, were then enioied by a nation mingled in marriage with the Britons,Berouicum po|tiùs à Berubio promontorio. and in their obedience, whose capteine called Beringer builded the castell and towne of Berwicke vpon Twede, & these peo|ple were called Picts, vpon whome by the death of this Coell, these Scots had oportunitie to vse wars, whereof they ceased not, vntill such time as it plea|sed God to appoint another Coell king of Britons, against whose name, albeit they hoped for a like vic|torie to the first, yet he preuailed and ceased not his warre, vntill these Scots were vtterlie expelled out of all the bounds of Britaine, in which they neuer da|red to reenter, vntill the troublesome reigne of Si|silt king of Britons, which was the twelft king af|ter this Coell. During all which time the countrie was reinhabited by the Britons. But then the Scots turning the ciuill discord of this realme, be|tweene this Sisilt and his brother Blede to their best aduantage, arriued againe in Albania, & there made one Reuther their king.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Upon this their new arriuall, new warre was made vpon them by this Sisilt king of Bri|tons, in which warre Reuther their new king died, and Thereus succéeded, against whome the warre of Britons ceased not, vntill he freelie submitted him|selfe to the said Sicill king of Britons at Ebranke, that is Yorke, where shortlie after the tenth yeare of his reigne he died. Finnane brother of Iosine succee|ded by their election to the kingdome of Scots, who shortlie after (compelled by the warres of the same Sicill) declared himselfe subiect, and for the better as|surance of his faith and obeisance to the king of Bri|tons, deliuered his sonne Durstus into the hands of this Sicill: who fantasieng the child, and hoping by his owne succession to alter their subtiltie (I will not saie duplicitie saith Adams) married him in the end to Agasia his owne daughter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Durstus was their next king;Durstus. but for that he had married a Briton woman, (though indeed she was a kings daughter) the Scots hated him for the same cause, for which they ought rather to haue liked him the better, and therefore not onelie traito|rouslie slue him; but further to declare the end of their malice, dishinherited (as much as in them was) the issues of the same Durstus and Agasia. Herevpon new warre sproong betwéene them and vs, which ceased not vntill they were contented to receiue Edeir to their king, the next in bloud then liuing, descended from Durstus and Agasia, and thereby the bloud of the Britons, of the part of the mother, was restored to the crowne of Albania: so that nature, whose law is immutable, caused this bond of loue to hold. For shortlie after this Edeir attended vpon Cassibelane king of Britons, for the repulse of Iulius Caesar, as their owne author Boeti|us, confesseth, who commanded the same as his sub|iect But Iulius Caesar, after his second arriuall, by treason of Androgeus preuailed against the Bri|tons, and therevpon pursued this Edeir into Scot|land; and (as himselfe saith in his commentaries) subdued all the Ile of Britaine. Which though the liuing Scots denie it, their dead writers confesse that he came beyond Calender wood, and cast downe Camelon, the principall citie of the Picts. And in to|ken of this victorie, not farre from Carron, builded a round temple of stone, which remained in some per|fection vntill the reigne of our king Edward called the first after the conquest, by whome it was subuer|ted: but the monument thereof remaineth to this daie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Marius the sonne of Aruiragus,Marius. being king of all Britaine, in his time one Roderike a Scithian, with a great rabble of néedie souldiours, came to the water of Frith in Scotland, which is an arme of the sea, diuiding Pentland from Fiffe: against whome Marius assembled a power, by which he slue this Rodericke, and discomfited his people in Westmer|land: but to those that remained aliue, he gaue the countrie of Cathnesse in Scotland, which prooueth it be within his owne dominion.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Coell the sonne of this Marius had issue Lucius,Coelus. counted the first christian king of this nation: he conuerted the three archflamines of this land into bi|shopriks, and ordeined bishops vnto ech of them. The first remained at London, and his power extended from the furthest part of Cornewall to Humber wa|ter. The second dwelled at Yorke, and his power stretched from Humber to the furthest part of all Scotland. The third aboded at Caerleon vpon the riuer of Wiske in Glamorgan in Wales, & his power extended from Seuerne through all Wales. Some write that he made but two, and turned their names to archbishops, the one to remaine at Can|turburie, the other at Yorke: yet they confesse that he of Yorke had iurisdiction through all Scotland: either of which is sufficient to prooue Scotland to be then vnder his dominion.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Seuerus, by birth a Romane,Seuerus. but in bloud a Briton (as some thinke) and the lineall heire of the EEBO page image 118 bodie of Androge [...]s sonne of Lud, & nephue of Cassi|belane, was shortlie after emperour & king of Bri|tons, in whose time the people to whom his ancester Marius gaue the land of Cathnesse in Scotland, con|spired with the Scots, & receiued them from the Iles into Scotland. But herevpon this Seuerus came into Scotland, and méeting with their faith and false harts togither, droue them all out of the maine land into Iles, the vttermost bounds of all great Bri|taine. But notwithstanding this glorious victorie, the Britons considering their seruitude to the Ro|mans, imposed by treason of Androgeus, ancestor to this Seuerus, began to hate him, whome yet they had no time to loue, and who in their defense and suertie had slaine of the Scots and their confede|rats in one battell thirtie thousand: but such was the consideration of the common sort in those daies, whose malice no time could diminish, nor iust desert appease.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Antoninus Bassianus borne of a Briton woman,Bassianus. and Geta borne by a Romane woman, were the sonnes of this Seuerus, who after the death of their father, by the contrarie voices of their people, conten|ded for the crowne. Few Britons held with Bassia|nus, fewer Romans with Geta: but the greater number with neither of both. In the end Geta was slaine, and Bassianus remained emperour, against whom Carautius rebelled, who gaue vnto the Scots, Picts, and Scithians, the countrie of Cathnesse in Scotland, which they afterward inhabited, whereby his seison thereof appeareth.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Coill,Coill. descended of the bloud of the ancient kings of this land, was shortlie after king of the Britons, whose onelie daughter and heire called Helen, was married vnto Constantius a Romane, who daunted the rebellion of all parts of great Britaine; and after the death of this Coill was in the right of his wife king thereof, and reigned in his state ouer them thirtéene or fouretéene yeares.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Constantine the sonne of this Constance, and Helen,Constantine. was next king of Britons, by the right of his mother, who passing to Rome to receiue the empire thereof, deputed one Octauius king of Wales, and duke of the Gewisses (which some expound to be after|ward called west Saxons) to haue the gouernment of this dominion. But abusing the kings innocent goodnesse, this Octauius defrauded this trust, and tooke vpon him the crowne. For which traitorie albe|it he was once vanquished by Leonine Traheron, great vncle to Constantine: yet after the death of this Traheron, he preuailed againe, and vsurped o|uer all Britaine. Constantine being now emperor sent Marimius his kinsman hither (in processe of time) to destroie the same Octauius, who in singu|lar battell discomfited him. Wherevpon this Max|imius, as well by the consent of great Constantine, as by the election of all the Britons, for that he was a Briton in bloud, was made king or rather vicege|rent of Britaine. This Maximius made warre vp|on the Scots and Scithians within Britaine, and ceassed not vntill he had slaine Eugenius their king, and expelled and driuen them out of the whole limits and bounds of Britaine. Finallie he inha|bited all Scotland with Britons, no man, wo|man, nor child of the Scotish nation suffered to remaine within it, which (as their Hector Boetius saith) was for their rebellion; and rebellion properlie could it not be, except they had béene subiects. He suffered the Picts also to remaine his subiects, who made solemne othes to him, neuer after to erect anie peculiar king of their owne nation, but to remaine vnder the old empire of the onelie king of Bri|taine. I had once an epistle by Leland exemplified (as he saith) out of a verie ancient record which bea|reth title of Helena vnto hir sonne Constantine, and entreth after this manner; Domino semper Augusto filio Constantino, mater Helena semper Augusta, &c. And now it repenteth me that I did not exemplifie and conueigh it into this treatise whilest I had his books. For thereby I might haue had great light for the e|state of this present discourse: but as then I had no mind to haue trauelled in this matter; neuerthe|lesse, if hereafter it come againe to light I would wish it were reserued. It followeth on also in this maner (as it is translated out of the Gréeke) Verita|tem sapientis animus non recusat, nec fides recta aliquando patitur quamcunque iacturam, &c.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 About fiue and fourtie yeares after this (which was long time after the death of this Maximius) with the helpe of Gouan or Gonan and Helga, the Scots newlie arriued in Albania, and there created one Fergus the second of that name to be there king. But bicause they were before banished the conti|nent land, they crowned him king on their aduen|ture in Argile, in the fatall chaire of marble, the yéere of our Lord, foure hundred and two and twentie, as they themselues doo write.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Maximian sonne of Leonine Traheron, brother to king Coill,Maximian. and vncle to Helene, was by lineall succession next king of Britons: but to appease the malice of Dionothus king of Wales, who also clai|med the kingdome, he maried Othilia eldest daugh|ter of Dionothus, and afterwards assembled a great power of Britons, and entered Albania, inuading Gallowaie, Mers, Annandale, Pentland, Carrike, Kill, and Cuningham, and in battell slue both this Fergus then king of Scots, and Durstus the king of Picts, and exiled all their people out of the conti|nent land: wherevpon the few number of Scots then remaining a liue, went to Argile, and there made Eugenius their king. When this Maximian had thus obteined quietnesse in Britaine, he depar|ted with his cousine Conan Meridocke into Armo|rica, where they subdued the king, and depopulated the countrie, which he gaue to Conan his cousine, to be afterward inhabited by Britons, by the name of Britaine the lesse: and hereof this realme tooke name of Britaine the great, which name by consent of forren writers it keepeth vnto this daie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After the death of Maximian, dissention being moo|ued betweene the nobles of Britaine, the Scots swarmed togither againe, and came to the wall of Adrian, where (this realme being diuided in manie factions) they ouercame one. And herevpon their Hector Boetius (as an hen that for laieng of one eg, will make a great cakeling) solemnlie triumphing for a conquest before the victorie, alledgeth that here|by the Britons were made tributaries to the Scots, and yet he confesseth that they won no more land, by that supposed conquest, but the same portion be|twéene them and Humber, which in the old partiti|ons before was annexed to Albania. It is hard to be beléeued, that such a broken nation as the Scots at that time were, returning from banishment with|in foure yeares before, and since in battell loosing both their kings, and the great number of their best men, to be thus able to make a conquest of great Britaine; and verie vnlikelie if they had conquered it, they would haue left the hot sunne of the south parts, to dwell in the cold snow in Scotland. Incre|dible it is, that if they had conquered it, they would not haue deputed officers in it, as in cases of con|quest behooueth. And it is beyond all beliefe, that great Britaine, or any other countrie, should be woon without the comming of anie enimie into it: as they did not, but taried finallie at the same wall of A|drian, whereof I spake before.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 But what need I speake of these defenses, when EEBO page image 120 the same Boecius scantlie trusteth his owne beliefe in this tale. For he saieth that Galfride, and sundrie other authentike writers, diuerslie varie from this part of his storie, wherein his owne thought accuseth his conscience of vntruth: herein also he further for|getting how it behooueth a lier to be mindfull of his assertion, in the fourth chapter next following, wholie bewraieth himselfe, saieng that the confederat kings of Scots and Picts, vpon ciuill warres be|twéene the Britons (which then followed) hoped short|lie to inioie all the land of great Britaine, from be|yond Humber vnto the fresh sea, which hope had bene vaine, and not lesse than void, if it had béene their owne by anie conquest before.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Constantine of Britaine, descended from Conan king thereof, cousine of Brutes bloud to this Maxi|mian, and his neerest heire was next king of Bri|taine, he immediatlie pursued the Scots with wars, and shortlie in battell slue their king Dongard, in the first yeare of his reigne, whereby he recouered Scotland out of their hands, and tooke all the holdes thereof into his owne possessions. Uortiger shortlie after obteined the crowne of Britaine, against whom the Scots newlie rebelled: for the repressing whereof (mistrusting the Britons to hate him for sundrie causes, as one that to auoid the smoke dooth oft fall into the fire) receiued Hengest a Saxon, and a great number of his countriemen, with whom and a few Britons he entred Scotland & ouercame them, wherevpon they tooke the Iles, which are their com|mon refuge. He gaue also much of Scotland, as Gallowaie, Pentland, Mers and Annandale, with sundrie other lands to this Hengest and his people to inhabit, which they did accordinglie inioie. But when this Hengest in processe of time thirsted after the whole kingdome of the south, he was banished, and yet afterward being restored, he conspired with the Scots against Aurilambrose the sonne of Constan|tine, the iust inheritor of this whole dominion. But his vntruth and theirs were both recompensed togi|ther,Some thinke the Seimors to come from this man by lineall descent and I suppose no lesse. for he was taken prisoner by Eldulph de Samor a noble man of Britaine, and his head for his traito|rie striken off at the commandement of Aurilam|brose. In the field the Scots were vanquished: but Octa the sonne of Hengest was receiued to mercie, to whome and his people this Aurilambrose gaue the countrie of Gallowaie in Scotland, for which they became his subiects. And hereby appeareth that Scotland was then againe reduced into his hands.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Uter called also Pendragon, brother to Aurilam|brose was next king of the Britons, against whome, these sworne Saxons now foresworne subiects (con|federate with the Scots) newlie rebelled: but by his power assembled against them in Gallowaie in Scotland, they were discomfited, & Albania againe recouered vnto his subiection. Arthur the sonne of of this Uter, begotten before the mariage, but law|fullie borne in matrimonie, succéeded next to the crowne of great Britaine; whose noble acts, though manie vulgar fables haue rather stained than com|mended: yet all the Scotish writers confesse, that he subdued great Britaine, and made it tributarie to him, and ouercame the Saxons then scattered as far as Cathnesse in Scotland: and in all these wars against them, he had the seruice and obeisance of Scots and Picts. But at the last setting their féet in the guilefull paths of their predecessors, they rebel|led and besieged the citie of Yorke, Howell king of the lesse Britaine cousine to king Arthur being therein. But he with an host came thither and dis|comfited the Scots, chased them into a marsh, and besieged them there so long, that they were almost famished: vntill the bishops, abbats, and men of re|ligion (for as much as they were christened people) besought him to take them to his mercie and grace, and to grant them a portion of the same countrie to dwell in vnder euerlasting subiection. Upon this he tooke them to his grace, homage and fealtie: and when they were sworne his subiects and liegemen, he ordeined his kinsman Anguisan to be their king and gouernour, Urian king of Iland, and Mure|frence king of Orkeneie. He made an archbishop of Yorke also, whose authoritie extended through all Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Finallie, the said Arthur holding his roiall feast at Cairleon, had there all the kings that were sub|iects vnto him, among which, Angusian the said king of Scots did his due seruice and homage, so long as he was with him for the realme of Scotland, & bare king Arthurs sword afore him. Malgo shortlie af|ter succéeded in the whole kingdome of great Bri|taine, who vpon new resistance made, subdued Ire|land, Iland, the Orchads, Norwaie and Denmarke, and made Ethelfred a Saxon king of Bernicia, that is, Northumberland, Louthian, and much other land of Scotland, which Ethelfred by the sword obteined at the hands of the wilfull inhabitants, and continu|ed true subiect to this Malgo.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Cadwan succéeded in the kingdome of great Britaine, who in defense of his subiects the Scots, made warre vpon this Ethelfred, but at the last they agréed, and Cadwan vpon their rebellion gaue all Scotland vnto this Ethelfred, which he therevpon subdued and inioied: but afterward in the reigne of Cadwallo that next succeeded in great Britaine, he rebelled. Whervpon the same Cadwallo came in|to Scotland, and vpon his treason reseised the coun|trie into his owne hands, and hauing with him all the vicerois of the Saxons, which then inhabited here as his subiects, in singular battell he slue the same Ethelfred with his owne hands.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Oswald was shortlie after by Cadwallos gift made king of Bernicia, and he as subiect to Cad|wallo, and by his commandement discomfited the Scots and Picts, and subdued all Scotland. Oswie the brother of this Oswald, was by the like gift of Cadwallo, made next king of Bernicia, and he by like commandement newlie subdued the Scots and Picts, and held them in that obeisance to this Cad|wallo, during eight and twentie yeares. Thus Cad|wallo reigned in the whole monarchie of great Bri|taine, hauing all the seuen kings thereof, as well Saxons as others his subiects: for albeit the num|ber of Saxons from time to time greatlie increa|sed, yet were they alwaies either at the first expelled, or else made tributarie to the onelie kings of Bri|tons for the time being, as all their owne writers doo confesse.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Cadwallader was next king of the whole great Britaine, he reigned twelue yeares ouer all the kings thereof, in great peace and tranquillitie: and then vpon the lamentable death of his subiects, which died of sundrie diseases innumerablie, he departed into little Britaine. His sonne and cousine Iuor and Iue, being expelled out of England also by the Sax|ons, went into Wales, where among the Britons they and their posteritie remained princes. Upon this great alteration, and warres being through the whole dominion betwéene the Britons and Saxons, the Scots thought time to slip the collar of obedi|ence, and therevpon entred in league with Charles then king of France, establishing it in this wise.

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1 The iniurie of Englishmen doone to anie of these people, shall be perpetuallie holden common to them both.

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2 When Frenchmen be inuaded by English|men, the Scots shall send their armie in defense of France, so that they be supported with monie and EEBO page image 121 vittels by the French.

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3 When Scots be inuaded by Englishmen, the Frenchmen shall come vpon their owne expenses, to their support and succour.

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4 None of the people shall take peace or truce with Englishmen, without the aduise of other, &c.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Manie disputable opinions may be had of warre without the praising of it,Nicholas Adams. as onlie admittable by in|forced necessitie, and to be vsed for peace sake onelie, where here the Scots sought warre for the loue of warre onelie. For their league giueth no benefit to themselues, either in frée traffike of their owne com|modities, or benefit of the French, or other priuilege to the people of both. What discommoditie riseth by loosing the intercourse and exchange of our commo|dities (being in necessaries more aboundant than France) the Scots féele, and we perfectlie know. What ruine of their townes, destruction of coun|tries, slaughter of both peoples, haue by reason of this bloudie league chanced, the histories be lamen|table to read, and horrible among christian men to be remembred: but God gaue the increase accor|ding to their séed, for as they did hereby sowe dissen|tion, so did they shortlie after reape a bloudie slaugh|ter and confusion. For Alpine their king, possessing a light mind that would be lost with a little wind, ho|ped by this league shortlie to subdue all great Bri|taine, and to that end not onelie rebelled in his owne kingdome, but also vsurped vpon the kingdome of Picts. Whervpon Edwine king of England, made one Brudeus king of Picts, whom he sent into Scot|land with a great power, where in battell he tooke this Alpine king of Scots prisoner, and discomfited his people. And this Alpine being their king found subiect and rebell, his head was striken off at a place in Scotland, which thereof is to this daie called Pa|salpine, that is to saie, the head of Alpine. And this was the first effect of their French league.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Osbright king of England, with Ella his subiect, and a great number of Britons and Saxons shortlie after, for that the Scots had of themselues elected a new king, entered Scotland, and ceassed not his war against them, vntill their king and people fled into the Iles, with whome at the last vpon their submissi|on, peace was made in this wise.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The water of Frith shall be march betwéene Scots and Englishmen in the east parts, and shall be named the Scotish sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The water of Cluide to Dunbriton, shall be march in the west parts betwéene the Scots and Britons. This castell was before called Alcluide, but now Dunbriton, that is to say, the castle of Britons, and sometimes it was destroied by the Danes. So the Britons had all the lands from Sterling to the Ireland seas, and from the water of Frith & Cluide to Cumber, with all the strengths and commodities thereof: and the Englishmen had the lands be|twéene Sterling and Northumberland. Thus was Cluide march betwéene the Scots and the Britons on the one side, and the water of Frith named the Scotish sea, march betwéene them and Englishmen on the other side, and Sterling common march to thrée people, Britons, Englishmen, and Scots, how|beit king Osbright had the castle of Sterling, where first he caused to be coined Sterling monie. The Englishmen also builded a bridge of stone, for pas|sage ouer the water of Frith, in the middest where|of they made a crosse, vnder which were written these verses:

I am free march, as passengers may ken,
To Scots, to Britons, and Englishmen.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Not manie yeares after this, Hinguar and Hub|ba, two Danes, with a great number of people, ar|riued in Scotland, and slue Constantine, whom Os|bright had before made king: wherevpon Edulfe or Ethelwulfe, then king of England, assembled his power against Hinguar and Hubba, and in one bat|tell slue them both; but such of their people as would remaine and become christians, he suffered to tarie: the rest he banished or put to death, &c.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Ethelwulfe granted the Peter pence, of which albeit Peter & Paule had little need and lesse right: yet the paiment thereof continued in this realme euer after vntill now of late yeares. But the Scots euer since vnto this daie haue, and yet doo paie it, by reason of that grant, which prooueth them to be then vnder his obeisance.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Alured or Alfred succéeded in the kingdome of England, and reigned noblie ouer the whole monar|chie of great Britaine: he made lawes, that persons excommunicated should be disabled to sue or claime anie propertie; which law Gregour, whome this Alu|red had made king of Scots, obeied; and the same law as well in Scotland as in England is holden to this daie, which also prooueth him to be high lord of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Alured constreined Gregour king of Scots also to breake the league with France, for generallie he concluded with him, and serued him in all his warres, as well against Danes as others, not reser|uing or making anie exception of the former league with France.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The said Alured, after the death of Gregour, had the like seruice and obeisance of Donald king of Scots with fiue thousand horssemen, against one Gurmond a Dane that then infested the realme, and this Donald died in this faith and obeisance with Alured.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward the first of that name called Chifod sonne of this Alured succéeded his father, and was the next king of England: against whome Sithrtic a Dane and the Scots conspired; but they were subdued, and Constantine their king brought to obeisance. He held the realme of Scotland also of king Edward, and this dooth Marian their owne countrieman a Scot confesse: beside Roger Houeden, and William of Malmesberie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 923, the same king Ed|ward was president and gouernour of all the people of England, Cumberland, Scots, Danes, and Bri|tons.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 King Athelstane in like sort conquered Scotland, and as he laie in his tents beside Yorke, whilest the warres lasted, the king of Scots feined himselfe to be a minstrell, and harped before him onelie to espie his ordinance and his people. But being (as their writers confesse) corrupted with monie, he sold his faith and false heart together to the Danes, and ai|ded them against king Athelstane at sundrie times. Howbeit he met with all their vntruthes at Bron|ingfield in the west countrie, as is mentioned in the ninth chapter of the first booke of this description, where he discomfited the Danes, and slue Malcolme deputie in that behalfe to the king of Scots: in which battell the Scots confesse themselues to haue lost more people than were remembred in anie age be|fore. Then Athelstane following his good lucke, went throughout all Scotland and wholie subdued it, and being in possession thereof, gaue land there lieng in Annandale by his deed, the copie wherof dooth follow:

Compare 1577 edition: 1 I king Athelstane, giues vnto Paulam, Oddam and Roddam, als good and als faire, as euer they mine were, and thereto witnesse Mauld my wife.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 By which course words, not onelie appeareth the plaine simplicitie of mens dooings in those daies: but also a full proofe that he was then seized of Scot|land. At the last also he receiued homage of Mal|colme king of Scots: but for that he could not be re|stored EEBO page image 122 to his whole kingdome, he entered into religi|on, and there shortlie after died.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Then Athelstane, for his better assurance of that countrie there after, thought it best to haue two stringes to the bowe of their obedience, and therefore not onelie constituted on Malcolme to be their king, but also appointed one Indulph sonne of Con|stantine the third, to be called prince of Scotland, to whome he gaue much of Scotland: and for this Malcolme did homage to Athelstane.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edmund brother of Athelstane succéeded next king of England, to whome this Indulph then king of Scots not onelie did homage, but also serued him with ten thousand Scots, for the expulsion of the Danes out of the realme of England.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edred or Eldred brother to this Edmund succée|ded next king of England:Some referre this to an Edward. he not onelie receiued the homage of Irise then king of Scots, but also the homage of all the barons of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edgar the sonne of Edmund, brother of Athel|stane, being now of full age, was next king of Eng|land: he reigned onelie ouer the whole monarchie of Britaine, and receiued homage of Keneth king of Scots for the kingdome of Scotland, and made Malcolme prince thereof.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Edgar gaue vnto the same Keneth the countrie of Louthian in Scotland, which was before seized into the hands of Osbright king of England for their rebellion, as is before declared. He inioi|ned Keneth their said king also once in euerie yéere at certeine principall feasts (whereat the king did vse to weare his crowne) to repaire vnto him into England for the making of lawes: which in those daies was doone by the noble men or péeres accor|ding to the order of France at this daie. He allow|ed also sundrie lodgings in England, to him and his successours, whereat to lie, and refresh themselues in their iourneies, whensoeuer they should come vp to doo their homages: and finallie a péece of ground lieng beside the new palace of Westminster, vpon which this Keneth builded a house, that by him and his posseritie was inioied vntill the reigne of king Hen|rie the second. In whose time, vpon the rebellion of William king of Scots, it was resumed into the king of Englands hand. The house is decaied, but the ground where it stood is called Scotland to this daie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Moreouer,Lawfull age and wardship of heires. Edgar made this law, that no man should succéed to his patrimonie or inheritance hol|den by knights seruice, vntill he accomplished the age of one and twentie yéeres: because by intend|ment vnder that age, he should not be able in person to serue his king and countrie according to the tenor of his deed, and the condition of his purchase. This law was receiued by the same Keneth in Scotland; and as well there as in England is obserued to this daie: which prooueth also that Scotland was then vnder his obeisance.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeere of our Lord 974, Kinald king of Scots, and Malcolme king of Cumberland, Macon king of Man and the Iles, Duuenall king of South|wales, Siferth and Howell kings of the rest of Wales, Iacob or Iames of Gallowaie, & Iukill of Westmerland did homage to king Edgar at Ches|ter. And on the morrow going by water to the mo|nasterie of saint Iohns to seruice, and returning home againe: the said Edgar sitting in a barge, and stirring the same vpon the water of Dée, made the said kings to row the barge, saieng that his succes|sors might well be ioifull to haue the prerogatiue of so great honour, and the superioritie of so manie mightie princes to be subiect vnto their monar|chie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward, the sonne of this Edgar, was next king of England, in whose time this Keneth king of Scots caused Malcolme king of Scotland to be poi|soned. Wherevpon king Edward made warre a|gainst him, which ceased not vntill this Keneth sub|mitted himselfe, and offered to receiue him for prince of Scotland, whome king Edward would appoint. Herevpon king Edward proclamed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotland, who immediatlie came in|to England, and there did homage vnto the same king Edward.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Etheldred, brother of this Edward succéeded next ouer England, against whome Swaine king of Denmarke conspired with this last Malcolme then king of Scots. But shortlie after, this Mal|colme sorrowfullie submitted himselfe into the de|fense of Etheldred: who considering how that which could not be amended, must onelie be repented, be|nignlie receiued him. By helpe of whose seruice at last Etheldred recouered his realme againe out of the hands of Swaine, and reigned ouer the whole monarchie eight and thirtie yéeres.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Edmund surnamed Ironside, sonne of this Ethel|dred, was next king of England, in whose time Ca|nutus a Dane inuaded the realme with much cruel|tie. But at the last he married with Emme some|time wise vnto Etheldred and mother of this Ed|mund. Which Emme, as arbitratrix betweene hir naturall loue to the one, and matrimoniall dutie to the other, procured such amitie betwéene them in the end, that Edmund was contented to diuide the realme with Canutus: and keeping to himselfe all England on this side Humber, gaue all the rest be|yond Humber, with the seigniorie of Scotland to this Canutus. Wherevpon Malcolme then king of Scots (after a little accustomable resistance) did ho|mage to the same Canutus for the kingdome of Scotland. Thus the said Canutus held the same o|uer of this Edmund king of England by the like seruices, so long as they liued togither. This Canu|tus in memorie of this victorie, and glorie of his seig|niorie ouer the Scots, commanded Malcolme their king to build a church in Buchquhan in Scotland, (where a field betweene him and them was fought) to be dedicated to Olauus patrone of Norwaie and Denmarke, which church was by the same Mal|colme accordinglie performed.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward called the Confessour, sonne of Ethel|dred, and brother to Edmund Ironside, was after|ward king of England: he tooke from Malcolme king of Scots his life and his kingdome, and made Malcolme soone to the king of Cumberland and Northumberland king of Scots, who did him ho|mage and fealtie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 This Edward perused the old lawes of the realme, and somewhat added to some of them: as to the law of Edgar for the wardship of the lands vntill the heire should accomplish the age of one and twen|tie yeeres. He added,To whome the marriage of the ward perteineth. that the marriage of such heire should also belong to the lord of whom the same land was holden. Also, that euerie woman marrieng a free man, should (notwithstanding she had no chil|dren by that husband) enioie the third part of his in|heritance during hir life: with manie other lawes which the same Malcolme king of Scots obeied, and which as well by them in Scotland, as by vs in Eng|land be obserued to this day, and directlie prooueth the whole to be then vnder his obeisance.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 By reason of this law, Malcolme the sonne of Duncane next inheritor to the crowne of Scotland, being within age, was by the nobles of Scotland deliuered as ward to the custodie also of king Ed|ward. During whose minoritie, one Makebeth a Scot traitorouslie vsurped the crowne of Scotland. Against whome the said Edward made warre, in EEBO page image 123 which the said Mackbeth was ouercome and slaine. Wherevpon the said Malcolme was crowned king of Scots at Scone, in the eight yeere of the reigne of king Edward aforesaid. This Malcolme also by tenor of the said new law of wardship, was married vnto Margaret the daughter of Edward sonne of Edmund Ironside and Agatha, by the disposition of the same king Edward, and at his full age did ho|mage to this king Edward the Confessour for the kingdome of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Moreouer,Edward the Confessour. Edward of England, hauing no is|sue of his bodie, and mistrusting that Harald the son of Goodwine, descended of the daughter of Harald Harefoot the Dane, would vsurpe the crowne, if he should leaue it to his cousine Edgar Eatling (being then within age) and partlie by the petition of his sub|iects, who before had sworne neuer to receiue anie kings ouer them of the Danish nation, did by his sub|stantiall will in writing (as all our clergie writers affirme) demise the crowne of great Britaine vnto William Bastard, then duke of Normandie, and to his heires, constituting him his heire testamentarie. Also there was proximitie in bloud betwéene them: for Emme daughter of Richard duke of Norman|die was wife vnto Etheldred, on whom he begat A|lured and this Edward: and this William was son of Robert sonne of Richard, brother of the whole bloud to the same Emme. Whereby appeareth that this William was heire by title, and not by con|quest, albeit that partlie to extinguish the mistrust of other titles, and partlie for the glorie of his victorie, he chalenged in the end, the name of a conquerour, and hath béene so written euer since the time of his arriuall.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Furthermore,William Bastard. this William, called the Bastard and the Conquerour, supposed not his conquest per|fect till he had likewise subdued the Scots. Wherfore to bring the Scots to iust obeisance after his coro|nation, as heire testamentarie to Edward the Con|fessour; he entred Scotland, where after a little re|sistance made by the inhabitants, the said Malcolme then their king did homage to him at Abirnethie in Scotland for the kingdome of Scotland, as to his superiour also by meane of his late conquest.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 William surnamed Rufus,William Rufus. sonne to this Wil|liam called the Conquerour, succéeded next in the throne of England, to whome the said Malcolme king of Scots did like homage for the whole king|dome of Scotland. But afterward he rebelled, and was by this William Rufus slaine in plaine field. Wherevpon the Scotishmen did choose one Donald or Dunwall to be their king. But this William Rufus deposed him, and created Dunkane sonne of Malcolme to be their king, who did like homage to him. Finallie, this Dunkane was slaine by the Scots, and Dunwall restored, who once againe by this William Rufus was deposed; and Edgar son of Malcolme, and brother to the last Malcolme, was by him made their king, who did like homage for Scotland to this William Rufus.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Henrie called Beauelerke the sonne of William called the Conqueour,Henrie 1. after the death of his brother William Rufus, succéeded to the crowne of Eng|land, to whome the same Edgar king of Scots did homage for Scotland: this Henrie Beauclerke ma|ried Mawd the daughter of Malcome II. of Scots, and by hir had issue Mawd afterward empresse.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Alexander the sonne of Malcolme brother to this Mawd was next king of Scots, he did like homage for the kingdome of Scotland to this Henrie the first, as Edgar had doone before him.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Mawd called the empresse,Mawd. daughter and heire to Henrie Beauclerke and Mawd his wife, receiued homage of Dauid, brother to hir and to this Alexan|der next king of Scots, before all the temporall men of England for the kingdome of Scotland. This Mawd the empresse gaue vnto Dauid in the marri|age, Mawd the daughter and heire of Uoldosius earle of Huntingdon & Northumberland. And here|in their euasion appeareth, by which they allege that their kings homages were made for the earledome of Huntingdon. For this Dauid was the first that of their kings was earle of Huntingdon, which was since all the homages of their kings before recited, and at the time of this mariage, & long after the said Alexander his brother was king of Scots, doing the homage aforesaid to Henrie Beauclerke son to the aforesaid ladie, of whome I find this epitaph worthie to be remembred:

Ortu magna, viro maior, sed maxima partu,
Hic iacet Henrici filia, sponsa, parens.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeere of our Lord 1136, and first yeere of the reigne of king Stephan, the said Dauid king of Scots being required to doo his homage, refused it: for so much as he had doone homage to Mawd the empresse before time; notwithstanding the sonne of the said Dauid did homage to king Stephan.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Henrie called Fitz empresse,Henrie 2. the sonne of Mawd the empresse daughter of Mawd, daughter of Mal|colme king of Scots, was next king of England. He receiued homage for Scotland of Malcolme sonne of Henrie, sonne of the said Dauid their last king. Which Malcolme after this homage attended vpon the same king Henrie in his warres against Lewis then king of France. Whereby appeareth that their French league was neuer renewed after the last diuision of their countrie by Osbright king of England.

But after these warres finished with the French king, this Malcolme being againe in Scot|land rebelled: wherevpon king Henrie immediat|lie seized Huntingdon and Northumberland into his owne hands by confiscation, and made warres vpon him in Scotland: during which the same Malcolme died without issue of his bodie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1

William brother of this Malcolme was next king of Scots, he with all the nobles of Scotland (which could not be now for anie earledome) did ho|mage to the sonne of Henrie the second;
Because they were taken from him before. with a re|seruation of the dutie to king Henrie the second his father. Also the earledome of Huntingdon was (as ye haue heard) before this forfeited by Malcolme his brother, and neuer after restored to the crowne of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This William did afterward attend vpon the same Henrie the second, in his warres in Norman|die against the French king (notwithstanding their French league) and then being licenced to depart home in the tenth of this prince, and vpon the fif|téenth of Februarie he returned, and vpon the six|téenth of October did homage to him for the realme of Scotland. In token also of his perpetuall subiec|tion to the crowne of England, he offered vp his cloake, his faddle, and his speare at the high altar in Yorke: wherevpon he was permitted to depart home into Scotland, where immediatlie he mooued cruell warre in Northumberland against the same king Henrie, being as yet in Normandie. But God tooke the defense of king Henries part, and deliue|red the same William king of Scots into the hands of a few Englishmen, who brought him prisoner to king Henrie into Normandie in the twentith yeere of his reigne. But at the last, at the sute of Dauid his brother, Richard bishop of saint Andrews, and other bishops and lords, he was put to this fine for the amendment of his trespasse; to wit, to paie ten thousand pounds sterling, and to surrender all his title to the earldome of Huntingdon, Cumberland, & Northumberland into the hands of king Henrie, EEBO page image 124 which he did in all things accordinglie, sealing his charters thereof with the great seale of Scotland, and signets of his nobilitie yet to be seene: wherein it was also comprised, that he and his successours should hold the realme of Scotland of the king of England and his successours for euer. And herevp|on he once againe did homage to the same king Henrie, which now could not be for the earledome of Huntingdon, the right whereof was alreadie by him surrendred. And for the better assurance of this faith also, the strengths of Berwike, Edenborough, Roxborough, and Striueling were deliuered into the hands of our king Henrie of England, which their owne writers confesse. But Hector Boetius saith, that this trespasse was amended by fine of twentie thousand pounds sterling, and that the erle|dome of Huntingdon, Cumberland, and Northum|berland were deliuered as morgage into the hands of king Henrie, vntill other ten thousand pounds sterling should be to him paid, which is so farre from truth, as Hector was (while he liued) from well mea|ning to our countrie. But if we grant that it is true, yet prooueth he not that the monie was paid, nor the land otherwise redéemed, or euer after came to anie Scotish kings hands. And thus it appeareth that the earledome of Huntingdon was neuer oc|casion of the homages of the Scotish kings to the kings of England, either before this time or af|ter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This was doone 1175. Moreouer I read this note hereof gathered out of Robertus Montanus or Mon|tensis that liued in those daies, and was (as I take it) confessor to king Henrie.

The king of Scots dooth ho|mage to king Henrie for the kingdome of Scot|land, and is sent home againe, his bishops also did promise to doo the like to the archbishop of Yorke, and to acknowledge themselues to be of his prouince and iurisdiction. By vertue also of this composition the said Robert saith, that Rex Angliae dabat honores, e|piscopatus, abbatias, & alias dignitates in Scotia, vel saltem eius consilio dabantur, that is, The king of England gaue honors, bishopriks, abbatships, and other dig|nities in Scotland, or at the leastwise they were not giuen without his aduise and counsell.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 At this time Alexander bishop of Rome (supposed to haue generall iurisdiction ecclesiasticall through christendome) established the whole cleargie of Scot|land (according to the old lawes) vnder the iurisdicti|on of the archbishop of Yorke.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1185, in the moneth of August, at Cairleill, Rouland Talmant lord of Gal|waie, did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie with all that held of him.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the two and twentith yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the second, Gilbert sonne of Ferguse prince of Galwaie, did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie, and left Dunecan his sonne in hostage for conseruation of his peace.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Richard surnamed Coeur de Lion, because of his stoutnesse, and sonne of this Henrie was next king of England, to whome the same William king of Scots did homage at Canturburie for the whole kingdome of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This king Richard was taken prisoner by the duke of Ostrich, for whose redemption the whole realme was taxed at great summes of monie, vnto the which this William king of Scots (as a subiect) was contributorie, and paied two thousand markes sterling.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1199, Iohn king of England sent to William king of Scots, to come and doo his homage, which William came to Lin|colne in the moneth of December the same yeare, and did his homage vpon an hill in the presence of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie, and of all the people there assembled, and therevnto tooke his oth and was sworne vpon the crosse of the said Hubert: also he granted by his charter confirmed, that he should haue the mariage of Alexander his sonne, as his liegeman, alwaies to hold of the king of Eng|land: promising moreouer that he the said king Wil|liam and his sonne Alexander, should keepe and hold faith and allegiance to Henrie sonne of the said king Iohn, as to their chiefe lord against all maner of men that might liue and die.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Also whereas William king of Scots had put Iohn bishop of saint Andrew out of his bishoprike, pope Clement wrote to Henrie king of England, that he should mooue and induce the same William; and if néed required by his roiall power and preroga|tiue ouer that nation, to compell him to leaue his rancor against the said bishop, and suffer him to haue and occupie his said bishoprike againe.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1216, and fiue & twen|tith of the reigne of Henrie, sonne to king Iohn, the same Henrie and the quéene were at Yorke at the feast of Christmasse, for the solemnization of a mar|riage made in the feast of saint Stephan the martyr the same yeare, betwéene Alexander king of Scots, and Margaret the kings daughter, and there the said Alexander did homage to Henrie king of England for all the realme of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In buls of diuerse popes were admonitions gi|uen to the kings of Scots, as appeareth by that of Gregorie the fift and Clement his successor, that they should obserue and trulie kéepe all such appoint|ments, as had béene made betwéene the kings of England and Scotland. And that the kings of Scot|land should still hold the realme of Scotland of the kings of England, vpon paine of cursse and interdic|tion.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After the death of Alexander king of Scots, A|lexander his sonne, being nine yeares of age, was by the lawes of Edgar, in ward to king Henrie the third, & by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke, and there deliuered vnto him. During whose mino|ritie king Henrie gouerned Scotland, and to subdue a commotion in this realme, vsed the aid of fiue thou|sand Scotishmen. But king Henrie died during the nonage of this Alexander, whereby he receiued not his homage, which by reason and law was respited vntill his full age of one and twentie yeares.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward the first after the conquest, sonne of this Henrie was next king of England; immediatlie af|ter whose coronation, Alexander king of Scots, be|ing then of full age, did homage to him for Scotland at Westminster, swearing (as all the rest did) after this maner.

Compare 1577 edition: 1

I. D. N. king of Scots shall be true and faithfull vn|to you lord E. by the grace of God king of England, the noble and superior lord of the kingdome of Scot|land, and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the same, kingdome, the which I hold and claime to hold of you. And I shall beare you my faith and fidelitie of life and lim, and worldlie honour against all men, faithfullie I shall knowlege and shall doo you seruice due vnto you of the kingdome of Scotland afore|said, as God me so helpe and these holie euangelies.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Alexander king of Scots died, leauing one onelie daughter called Margaret for his heire, who before had maried Hanigo, sonne to Magnus king of Norwaie, which daughter also shortlie after died, leauing one onelie daughter hir heire, of the age of two yeares, whose custodie and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar, and Edward the confessor, belonged to Edward the first: whervpon the nobles of Scot|land were commanded by our king Edward to send into Norwaie, to conueie this yoong queene into EEBO page image 125 England to him, whome he intended to haue mari|ed to his sonne Edward: and so to haue made a per|fect vnion long wished for betwéene both realmes. Herevpon their nobles at that time considering the same tranquillitie that manie of them haue since refused, stood not vpon shifts and delaies of minori|tie nor contempt, but most gladlie consented, and therevpon sent two noble men of Scotland into Norwaie, for hir to be brought to this king Edward, but she died before their comming thither, and there|fore they required nothing but to inioie the lawfull liberties that they had quietlie possessed in the last king Alexanders time.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After the death of this Margaret, the Scots were destitute of anie heire to the crowne from this Alex|ander their last king, at which time this Edward des|cended from the bodie of Mawd daughter of Mal|colme sometime king of Scots, being then in the greatest broile of his warres with France, minded not to take the possession of that kingdome in his owne right, but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof, the weake title betwéene him, Bruse, & Hastings, being by the humble petition of all the realme of Scotland cõmitted to the determi|nation of king Edward, wherein by autentike wri|ting they confessed the superioritie of the realme to remaine in king Edward, sealed with the seales of foure bishops, seuen earles, and twelue barons of Scotland, and which shortlie after was by the whole assent of the three estates of Scotland, in their so|lemne parlement confessed and enacted according|lie, as most euidentlie dooth appeare.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Balioll in this wise made king of Scotland, did immediatlie make his homage and fealtie at Newcastell vpon saint Stéeuens daie (as did like|wise all the lords of Scotland, each one setting his hand to the composition in writing) to king Edward of England for the kingdome of Scotland: but shortlie after defrauding the benigne goodnesse of his superiour, he rebelled, and did verie much hurt in England. Herevpon king Edward inuaded Scot|land, seized into his hands the greater part of the countrie, and tooke all the strengths thereof. Wher|vpon Balioll king of Scots came vnto him to Mauntrosse in Scotland with a white wand in his hand, and there resigned the crowne of Scotland, with all his right, title, and interest to the same, into the hands of king Edward, and thereof made his charter in writing, dated and sealed the fourth yeare of his reigne. All the nobles and gentlemen of Scot|land also repaired to Berwike, and did homage and fealtie to king Edward, there becomming his sub|iects. For the better assurance of whose oths also, king Edward kept all the strengths and holdes of Scotland in his owne hands; and herevpon all their lawes, processes, all iudgements, gifts of assises and others, passed vnder the name and authoritie of king Edward. Leland touching the same rehearsall, writeth thereof in this maner.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2

In the yeare of our Lord 1295, the same Iohn king of Scots, contrarie to his faith and allegiance rebelled against king Edward, and came into Eng|land, and burnt and siue without all modestie and mercie. Wherevpon king Edward with a great host went to Newcastell vpon Tine, passed the water of Twéed, besieged Berwike, and got it. Also he wan the castell of Dunbar, and there were slaine at this brunt 15700 Scots. Then he proceeded further, and gat the castell of Rokesborow, and the castell of E|denborow, Striuelin and Gedworth, and his peo|ple harried all the land. In the meane season, the said king Iohn of Scots, considering that he was not of power to withstand king Edward, sent his letters and besought him of treatie and peace, which our prince benignlie granted, and sent to him againe that he should come to the towre of Brechin, and bring thither the great lords of Scotland with him. The king of England sent thither Antonie Becke bishop of Durham, with his roiall power, to con|clude the said treatise. And there it was agreed that the said Iohn and all the Scots should vtterlie sub|mit themselues to the kings will. And to the end the submission should be performed accordinglie, the king of Scots laid his sonne in hostage and pledge vnto him. There also he made his letters sealed with the common scale of Scotland, by the which he knowledging his simplenes and great offense doone to his lord king Edward of England, by his full power and frée will yeelded vp all the land of Scot|land, with all the people and homage of the same. Then our king went foorth to sée the mounteins, and vnderstanding that all was in quiet and peace, he turned to the abbeie of Scone, which was of chanons, regular, where he tooke the stone called the Regall of Scotland, vpon which the kings of that nation were woont to sit, at the time of their coronations for a throne,The Scots dreame that this was the stone whereon Iacob slept when he fled into Meso|potamia. & sent it to the abbeie of Westminster, com|manding to make a chaire therof for the priests that should sing masse at the high altar: which chaire was made, and standeth yet there at this daie to be séene.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1296, the king held his parlement at Berwike: and there he tooke homage singularlie of diuerse of the lords & nobles of Scot|land. And for a perpetuall memorie of the same, they made their letters patents sealed with their seales, and then the king of England made William War|reine earle of Surrie and Southsax lord Warden of Scotland, Hugh of Cressingham treasuror, and William Ormesbie iustice of Scotland, and foorth|with sent king Iohn to the Tower of London, and Iohn Comin, and the earle Badenauth, the earle of Bohan and other lords into England to diuerse pla|ces on this side of the Trent.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 And after that, in the yeare of our Lord 1297, at the feast of Christmas, the king called before him the said Iohn king of Scots, although he had committed him to ward: and said that he would burne or de|stroie their castels, townes and lands, if he were not recompensed for his costs and damages susteined in the warres; but king Iohn and the other that were in ward, answered that they had nothing, sith their liues, their deaths, and goods were in his hands. The king vpon that answer mooued with pitie, granted them their liues; so that they would doo their ho|mage, and make their oth solemnelie at the high al|tar (in the church of the abbeie of Westminster) vpon the eucharist, that they and euerie of them should hold and keepe true faith, obedience, and allegiance to the said king Edward and his heires kings of England for euer. And where the said king of Scots saw the kings banner of England displaied, he and all his power should draw therevnto. And that nei|ther he or anie of his from thencefoorth should beare armes against the king of England or anie of his bloud. Finallie, the king rewarding with great gifts the said king Iohn and his lords, suffered them to depart. But they went into Scotland alwaie ima|gining (notwithstanding this their submission) how they might oppresse king Edward, and disturbe his realme. The Scots sent also to the king of France for succour and helpe, who sent them ships to Ber|wike furnished with men of armes, the king of En|gland then being in Flanders.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1298, the king went in|to Scotland with a great host, and the Scots also as|sembled in great number, but the king fought with them at Fawkirke on S. Marie Magdalens daie, where were slaine thréescore thousand Scots, & Wil|lain EEBO page image 126 Walleis that was their capteine fled, who be|ing taken afterward, was hanged, drawen, & quar|tered at London, for his trespasses.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After this the Scots rebelled againe, and all the lords of Scotland chose Robert Bruse to be king, except onelie Iohn Commin earle of Carrike, who would not consent thereto bicause of his oth made to the king of England.This was doone vpon the nine & twen|tith of Ianu|arie, 1306. Wherefore Robert Bruse slue him at Dumfrise, and then was crowned at Schone abbeie. Herevpon the king of England assembled a great hoast, and rode through all Scotland, discomfi|ted Robert Bruse, slue eight thousand Scots, & tooke the most part of all the lords of Scotland, putting the temporall lords to deth bicause they were forsworne.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward borne at Carnaruan sonne of this Ed|ward, was next king of England, who from the be|ginning of his reigne enioied Scotland peaceablie, dooing in all things as is aboue said of king Edward his father, vntill toward the later end of his reigne, about which time this Robert Bruse conspired a|gainst him, and with the helpe of a few forsworne Scots, forswore himselfe king of Scots. Herevpon this Edward with Thomas earle of Lancaster and manie other lords made warre vpon him, about the feast of Marie Magdalene, the said Bruse and his partakers being alreadie accurssed by the pope for breaking the truce that he had established betwixt them. But being infortunate in his first warres a|gainst him, he suffered Edward the sonne of Balioll to proclame himselfe king of Scots; and neuerthe|lesse held foorth his warres against Bruse, before the ending of which he died, as I read.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Edward borne at Windsore sonne of Edward the second was next king of England, at the age of fifteene yeares, in whose minoritie the Scots practi|sed with Isabell mother to this Edward, and with Roger Mortimer earle of the March to haue their homages released: whose good will therein they ob|teined, so that for the same release they should paie to this king Edward thirtie thousand pounds star|ling, in three yeares next following, that is to saie, ten thousand pounds starling yeerelie. But bicause the nobilitie and commons of this realme would not by parlement consent vnto it, their king being with|in age, the same release procéeded not, albeit the Scots ceased not their practises with this quéene and earle. But before those thrée yeares, in which their me|nie (if the bargaine had taken place) should haue béene paied, were expired, our king Edward inua|ded Scotland, and ceassed not the warre, vntill Da|uid the sonne of Robert le Bruse (then by their electi|on king of Scotland) absolutelie submitted himselfe vntohim. But for that the said Dauid Bruse had be|fore by practise of the quéene and the earle of March, married Iane the sister of this king Edward: he mooued by naturall zeale to his sister, was contented to giue the realme of Scotland to this Dauid Bruse, and to the heires that should be be gotten of the bodie of the said Iane (sauing the reuersion and meane ho|mages to this king Edward and to his owne chil|dren) wherewith the same Dauid Bruse was right well contented, and therevpon immediatlie made his homage for all the realme of Scotland to him.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Howbeit, shortlie after causelesse conceiuing cause of displeasure, this Dauid procured to dissolue this same estate tailée, and therevpon not onelie rebelled in Scotland, but also inuaded England, whilest king Edward was occupied about his wars in France. But this Dauid was not onelie expelled England in the end, but also thinking no place a sufficient de|fense to his vntruth, of his owne accord fled out of Scotland: whereby the countries of Annandale, Gallowaie, Mars, Teuidale, Twedale, and Ethrike were seized into the king of Englands hands, and new marches set betwéene England and Scotland at Cockbu [...]nes path & Sowtrie hedge. Which when this Dauid went about to recouer againe, his power was discomfited, and himselfe by a few Englishmen taken & brought into England, where he remained prisoner eleuen yeares after his said apprehension.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 During this time, king Edward enioied Scot|land peaceablie, and then at the contemplation and wearie suit of his sorowfull sister, wife of this Da|uid, he was contented once againe to restore him to the kingdome of Scotland. Wherevpon it was con|cluded, that for this rebellion Dauid should paie to king Edward, the summe of one hundred thousand markes starling, and there to destroie all his holdes and fortresses standing against the English borders, and further assure the crowne of Scotland to the children of this king Edward for lacke of heire of his owne bodie, all which things he did accordinglie. And for the better assurance of his obeisance also, he afterward deliuered into the hands of king Edward sundrie noble men of Scotland in this behalfe as his pledges. This is the effect of the historie of Dauid, touching his delings. Now let vs sée what was doone by Edward Balioll, wherof our chronicles doo report, that in the yéere of our Lord 1326, Edward the third, king of England, was crowned at Westminster, and in the fift yeare of his reigne Edward Balioll right heire to the kingdome of Scotland came in, and claimed it as due to him. Sundrie lords and gen|tlemen also, which had title to diuerse lands there, ei|ther by themselues, or by their wiues, did the like. Wherevpon the said Balioll and they went into Scotland by sea, and landing at Kinghorns with 3000 Englishmen, discomfited 10000 Scots, and flue 1200, and then went foorth to Dunfermeline, where the Scots assembled against them with 40000 men, and in the feast of saint Laurence, at a place called Gastmore (or otherwise Gladmore) were slaine fiue earls, thirtéene barons, a hundred and thrée score knights, two thousand men of armes, and ma|nie other; in all fortie thousand: and there were staine on the English part but thirtéene persons onelie, if the number be not corrupted.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the eight yeare of the reigne of king Edward, he assembled a great hoast, and came to Berwike vpon Twéed, and laid siege therto. To him also came Edward Balioll king of Scots, with a great power to strengthen & aid him against the Scots, who came out of Scotland in foure batels well armed & araied.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Edward king of England, and Edward king of Scots, apparrelled their people either of them in foure battels: and vpon Halidon hill, beside Ber|wike, met these two hoasts, and there were discomfi|ted of the Scots fiue and twentie thousand and sea|uen hundred, whereof were slaine eight earles, a thousand and thrée hundred knights and gentlemen. This victorie doone, the king returned to Berwike, & then the towne with the castell were yéelded vp vn|to him. In the eight yeare of the reigne of king Ed|ward of England, Edward Balioll king of Scots came to Newcastell vpon Tine, and did homage for all the realme of Scotland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the yeare of our Lord 1346, Dauid Bruse by the prouocation of the king of France rebelled, and came into England with a great hoast vnto Neuils crosse: but the archbishop of Yorke, with diuerse temporall men, fought with him; and the said king of Scots was taken, and William earle of Duglas with Morrise earle of Strathorne were brought to London, and manie other lords slaine, which with Dauid did homage to Edward king of England.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 And in the thirtith yeare of the kings reigne, and the yeare of our Lord 1355, the Scots woone the towne of Berwicke, but not the castell. Herevpon EEBO page image 127 the king came thither with a great hoast, and anon the towne was yéelded vp without anie resistance.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Edward Balioll, considering that God did so ma|nie maruellous and gratious things for king Ed|ward, at his owne will gaue vp the crowne and the realme of Scotland to king Edward of England at Rokesborough, by his letters patents. And anon af|ter the king of England, in presence of all his lords spirituall and temporall, let crowne himselfe king there of the realme of Scotland, & ordeined all things to his intent, and so came ouer into England.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Richard the sonne of Edward, called the Blacke prince, sonne of this king Edward, was next king of England, who for that the said Iane, the wife of the said king Dauid of Scotland was deceassed without issue, and being informed how the Scots de|uised to their vttermost power to breake the limita|tion of this inheritance touching the crowne of Scotland, made foorthwith war against them, where|in he burnt Edenbrough, spoiled all their countrie, tooke all their holds, & held continuallie war against them vntill his death, which was Anno Dom. 1389.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Henrie the fourth of that name was next king of England, he continued these warres begun against them by king Richard, and ceassed not vntill Robert king of Scots (the third of that name) resigned his crowne by appointment of this king Henrie, and de|liuered his sonne Iames, being then of the age of nine yeares, into his hands to remaine at his custo|die, wardship and disposition, as of his superiour lord, according to the old lawes of king Edward the confessor. All this was doone Anno Dom. 1404, which was within fiue yeares after the death of king Ri|chard. This Henrie the fourth reigned in this estate ouer them fouretéene yeares.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Henrie the fift of that name, sonne to this king Henrie the fourth, was next king of England. He made warres against the French king, in all which this Iames then king of Scots attended vpon him, as vpon his superiour lord, with a conuenient num|ber of Scots, notwithstanding their league with France. But this Henrie reigned but nine yeares, whereby the homage of this Iames their king (ha|uing not fullie accomplished the age of one & twentie yeares) was by reason and law respited. Finallie the said Iames with diuerse other lords attended vpon the corps of the said Henrie vnto Westminster, as to his dutie apperteined.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Henrie the sixt, the sonne of this Henrie the fift, was next king of England, to whome the seigniorie of Scotland & custodie of this Iames by right, law, and reason descended, married the same Iames king of Scots to Iane daughter of Iohn earle of Sum|merset, at saint Marie ouer Ise in Southwarke, and tooke for the value of this mariage, the summe of one hundred thousand markes starling.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Iames king of Scots at his full age, did ho|mage to the same king Henrie the sixt, for the king|dome of Scotland at Windsore, in the moneth of Ianuarie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Since which time, vntill the daies of king Henrie the seuenth, grandfather to our souereigne ladie that now is, albeit this realme hath béene molested with diuersitie of titles, in which vnmeet time neither law nor reason admit prescription to the preiudice of anie right: yet did king Edward the fourth next king of England, by preparation of war against the Scots in the latter end of his reigne, sufficientlie by all lawes induce to the continuance of his claime to the same superioritie ouer them.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After whose death, vnto the beginning of the reigne of our souereigne lord king Henrie the eight, excée|ded not the number of seauen and twentie yeares, about which time the impediment of our claime of the Scots part, chanced by the nonage of Iames their last king, which so continued the space of one and twentie yeares. And like as his minoritie was by all law and reason an impediment to himselfe to make homage; so was the same by like reason an im|pediment to the king of this realme to demand anie, so that the whole time of intermission of our claime in the time of the said king Henrie the eight, is dedu|ced vnto the number of thirteene yeares. And thus much for this matter.