1.9. Of the number and names of ſuch ſalt Iſlands, as lye diſperſed rounde about vppon the coaſt of Brytaine. Cap. 8.

Of the number and names of ſuch ſalt Iſlands, as lye diſperſed rounde about vppon the coaſt of Brytaine. Cap. 8.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 THere are néere vnto, or not verye farre from the coaſts of Brytaine many faire Iſlandes, whereof Irelande with hir neigh|bors, (not here hãdled) ſéeme to be the chiefe. But of y^e reaſt, ſome are much larger or leſſe then other, diuers in lyke ſort enuironed con|tinually with the ſalt ſea, (whereof I purpoſe onely to intreate, although not a few of them be Ilands but at the floude) & other finally be clipped partely by the freſh, and partly by the ſalt water, or by the freſhe alone, whereof I may ſpeake afterwarde.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Of theſe ſalt Iſlandes, (for ſo I call them that are enuyroned with the Ocean-waues) ſome are fruitefull in Wood, Corne, Wilde|foule, and paſture grounde for Cattel, albeit that manye of them be accounted barren be|cauſe they are only repleniſhed with conies & thoſe of ſundry collors, (cheriſhed of purpoſe by the owners, for their ſkinnes carcaſes, and prouyſion of houſholde,) wythout ey|ther man, or woman, otherwiſe inhabiting in them. Furthermore, the greateſt number of theſe Iſlandes, haue Townes and pariſhe Churches, within theyr ſeuerall precinctes, ſome mo, ſome leſſe: and beſide all thys, are ſo inriched with commodities, that they haue pleaſant hauens, freſhe ſpringes, great ſtore of fiſhe, and plentye of Cattell, whereby the inhabitants doe reape no ſmall aduantage. How many they are in nũber I cãnot as yet determine, bycauſe myne informations are not ſo fully ſet down, as the promiſes of ſome on the ſide, & myne expectation on the other, EEBO page image 12 did extẽd vnto. Howbeit, y^e firſt of al there are certeine which lie néere togither, as it were by heaps & cluſters, I hope, [...] will rediliy deny.Neſiadae. Inſule. Scylurum. Sileuſtrae. Syllanae. Sorlingae Sylley. Hebrides. Hebudes. Meuanie. Orchades. Of theſe alſo thoſe called y^e Neſiadae, In|ſulae Scylurum, Sileuſtrae, Syllanae, nowe y^e ſor|lings, and Iſles of Silley, lying beyond Corn|wall are one, and conteineth in number one hundred fourtye & ſeauen, (eche of them, bea|ring graſſe) beſides ſhelfers and ſhallowes. In like ſort the company of the Hebrides are another which are ſayd to be 43. ſituate vpon the weſt ſide of this Iſland, betwéene Ireland and Scotland, and of which there are ſome, that repute Angleſey, Mona Gaeſaris, & other lying betwéene them to be percell, in theyr corrupted iudgement. The thirde cluſter or bunche, conſiſteth of thoſe, that are called the Orchades, and theſe lye vpon the North|weſt point of Scotlande being 31. in number, as for the reaſt they lye ſcattered here and there, and yet not to be vntouched as theyr courſes ſhall come about.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There haue béene diuers that haue written of purpoſe, De inſulis Britanniae, as Caeſar doth confeſſe, the lyke alſo maye be ſéene by Plutarche who nameth one Demetrius, a Bry|taine that ſhoulde ſet foorth an exact treatiſe of eche of them in order, but ſith thoſe bookes are now peryſhed, and the moſt of the ſayde Iſlandes remaine vtterly vnknowne, euen to our owne ſelues. I meane God willyng to ſet downe ſo many of them with their com|modities, as I doe either knowe by Leland, or am otherwyſe inſtructed of, by ſuch as are of credite. Herein alſo I will touch at large ſuch as are moſt famous, and brieflye paſſe ouer thoſe that are obſcure and vnknowen, making myne entraunce at the Thames mouth, and directing thys imagined courſe, (for I neuer ſailed it), by y^e ſouth part of the Iland, into y^e Weſt. Frõ thence in lyke ſort, I will proceede into the North, & come about againe by the eaſt ſide into y^e fall of the afore|ſaid ſtreame, where I will ſtrike ſayle, & ſafe|ly be ſet a ſhoore, that haue often in this voy|age wanted water, but oftner béene ſet a grounde, eſpeciallye on the Scottiſh ſide.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 In beginning therfore, with ſuch as lye in the mouth of the aforeſayde Riuer, I muſt néedes paſſe by the Hoo,Hoo. whiche is not an Iſlande but (if I may giue ſuch péeces a new name) a bylande, bycauſe we may paſſe thy|ther from the maine Iſle, by an Iſthums or ſtrictlande, that is to ſay by lande, without a|nye veſſell, at the full Sea, or any horſe at the ebbe.Greane. It lyeth betwéene Clyffe and the mid|way, that goeth alõg by Rocheſter. Next vn|this we haue the Greane wherein is a towne of the ſame denomination, an Iſle ſuppo|ſed to be foure miles in length, and two in bredth.Shepey. Then come we to Shepey, which con|teineth ſeauen myles in length, and thrée in breadth, wherein is a caſtell called Quin|borowe, and a Parke, beſide foure Townes, of which one is named Munſter, another Eaſtchurch, the thyrde Warden, & the fourth Leyden: the whole ſ [...]yle being [...] thorowly [...]ad with ſheepe, [...]erye well woodded, and as I here belonging to the Lord Cheyney, as par|cell of his [...] inheritaunce It lyeth thirtéene myles by water from Rocheſter, but the Caſtle is fiftéene, and by ſouth thereof are two ſmall Iſlandes, whereof the one is called Elmeſy, and the more eaſterly Herteſy Elmeſey. Hertſey. In this alſo is a towne called Hertie, or Hartie, and all in the Hathe of Scraie, notwithſtan|ding that Hartie lieth in the hundred of Fa|uerſham, and Shepey retaineth one eſpecyall Baily of hir owne.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From hence we paſſe by the Reculuers, (or territorie belonging in tyme paſt to one Raculphus, who erected an houſe of religion, or ſome ſuch thing there,) vnto a litle Iſland, in the ſtoure mouth.Stureſey. Thanet. Herevpon alſo the Tha|net abutteth, which is rather a bylande then an yland. Beda noteth it in times paſt to haue contayned 600 families, which are all one with Hidelandes In Lin|colneſhire the worde hyde or hidelande, was neuer in vſe in olde time as in o|ther places but for hide they vſed the word Ca|tucate or cart|ware, or Teme, and theſe were of no leſſe compaſſe then an hideland. Ex Hugo|ne le blanc Monacho petrobur|genſi. Plowghlandes, Carru|cates or Temewares. He addeth alſo y^e it is deuided from our continent, by the riuer cal|led Wantſume, which is about thrée fur|longs brode, & to be paſſed ouer in two pla|ces onely.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 But whereas Polidore ſayeth, the Te|net is nyne myles in length & not much leſſe in bredth, it is nowe reconed that it hath not much aboue ſeuẽ myles from Nordtmuth to Sandwiche, & foure in bredth, frõ the Stoure to Margate, or from the South to the North, the circuit of y^e whole being 17. or 18. as Ley|lãd alſo noteth. This Ilãd hath no wood gro|wing in it except it be forced, & yet otherwiſe it is very fruitfull, and beſide that, it wanteth fewe other commodities, the fineſt chalke is ſayde to be found there. Herin alſo dyd Augu|ſtine the Monke firſt arriue when he came to conuert the Saxons, & afterward in proceſſe of tyme, ſundry religious houſes were erec|ted there, as in a ſoyle much bettered (as y^e ſuperſticiors ſuppoſed) by ſteps of that ho|ly man & ſuch as came ouer with him. There are at this tyme 10. Pariſh churches at the leaſt in y^e Iſle of Thanet, as S. Nicholas, Bir|chingtõ S. Iohns, Wood, or Woodchurch, S. Pe|ters, S. Laurẽs, Mowntõ or Monketon, Minſter, S. Gyles and all Saincts, wherof M. Lambert hath written at large in his deſcription of Kent, & placed the ſame in lath the of S. Augu|ſtine EEBO page image 21 and hundred of Ringeflow as may eaſi|ly be ſéene to him that will peruſe it.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Rutupium,Sometyme Rutupium (or as Beda calleth it Reptaceſter) ſtoode alſo in this Iſlande, but now thorowe alteration of the chanell of the Dour, it is ſhut quite out and annexed to the maine. It is called in theſe daies Richeborow and as it ſhoulde ſeeme buylded vpon an in|different ſoyle, or highe grounde. The large brickes alſo yet to be ſéene there, in the rui|nous walles, declare eyther the Romayne or the old Brittiſh workemanſhip. But as time decayeth all things, ſo Rutupium is now be|come deſolate, & out of the duſt therof Sand|wiche producted, which ſtandeth a full mile from the place, where Reptaceſter ſtoode. The olde writers affirme, how Ethelbert the firſt chriſtian king of Kent, did holde his pal|lace in this towne, and yet none of his coyne hath hitherto béene founde there, as is dayly that of the Romaynes, whereof many péeces of ſiluer and gold, ſo wel as of braſſe, copper, and other mettal haue often bene ſhewed vn|to me. It ſhoulde appeare in lyke ſorte that of this place, all the whole coaſt of Kent ther|about, was called Littus Rutupinum, which ſome doe not a little confirme by theſe words of Lucane, to be red in his ſixt booke, ſoone af|ter the beginning.

Aut vaga cum Tethis, Rutupina littora feruent,

Vnda Calidonios fallit turbata Brittannos.

Or when the wãdering Seas or Kentiſh coaſts doe worke, The laſt verſe of one copie and firſt of another. and Calidons of Brittiſhe bloude, the troubled waues beguyle. Meaning in like ſorte by the latter the coaſte néere Andredeſ|walde, which in time paſt was called Littus Calidonium of that wood or forreſt, as Leland alſo confirmeth. But as it is not my minde to deale any thing curiouſly in theſe by mat|ters, ſo in returning againe to my purpoſe, & taking my iorney toward the Wight, I muſt néeds paſſe by Seleſey,Seleſey. which ſometime as it ſhould ſéeme hath ben a noble yland, but now a Bylãd or Peninſula, wherin the chiefe Sie of the Byſhop of Chicheſter was holden by the ſpace of 329. yeres, & vnder 20. Biſhops.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Thorne.Next vnto this, we come vnto thoſe that lye betwéene the Wight and the mayne lande, of which the moſt eaſterly is called Thorne, & to ſay truth, y^e very leaſt of al that are to be founde in that knotte. Being paſt the Thorne we touched vpon the Haling, which is bigger then the Thorne, and wherein one towne is ſcituate of the ſame denominatiõ beſide ano|ther, whoſe name I remember not. By weſt alſo of the Haling lieth the Port (the greateſt of the thrée already mencioned) & in this ſtan|deth Portſmouth and Ringſtéed,Haling. whereof al|ſo our Lelande, ſayeth thus. Port Iſle is cut frõ the ſhore by an arme of the maine hauen, which breaketh out about three myles aboue Portſmouth & goeth vp two myles or more by moriſhe grounde to a place called Port|bridge,Port. which is two myles frõ Portſmouth. Thẽ breaketh there out another Créeke frõ the maine ſea, about Auant hauen, which gulleth vp almoſt to Portbridge, and thence is the ground diſſeuered, ſo that Portſmouth ſtãdeth in a corner of this Iſle, which Iſland is in length ſixe myles, and thrée myles in bredth, very good for graſſe & corne, not with|out ſome wood, and here and there incloſure. Beſide this there is alſo another Iſlãd north northweſt of port yle, which is now ſo worne and waſhed awaye with the working of the ſea, that at the ſpring tides it is wholly coue|red with water, and thereby made vnprofi|table. Finally being paſt all theſe, & in com|paſſing this goulfe, we come by an other, which lyeth North of Hirſt caſtell, and ſouth|eaſt of Kaie hauen, whereof I finde nothing worthy to be noted, ſauing that it wanteth wood as Ptolomie affirmeth in hys Geogra|phicall tables of all thoſe Iſlands, which en|uironne our Albion.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Wight it ſelfe is called in latine Ve|ctis, Wight. Guidh. but in the Bryttiſh ſpeach Guidh, that is to ſay éefe or eaſie to be ſéene. It lieth diſtãt from the ſouth ſhore of Britaine (where it is fardeſt of) by fiue myles & a halfe, but where it commeth néereſt, not paſſing a thouſande paces, and this at the cut ouer betwene Hirſt caſtell and a place called Whetwell chine, as the inhabitauntes doe report. It contay|neth in length twentie myles, and in bredth tenne, it hath alſo the North poole eleuated by 50. degrées and 27. minutes, & is onely 18. degrées in diſtaunce, and 50. odde minutes, from the Weſt point as experience hath con|firmed, contrarie to the deſcription of Ptolo|mie, and ſuch as followe his aſſertions in the ſame. In forme, it repreſenteth almoſt an egge, and ſo well is it inhabited with méere Engliſh at this preſent, that there are thirtie ſixe Townes, Villages and Caſtels to be founde therin, beſide 27. Pariſh churches, of which 15. or 16. haue their Parſons, the reaſt eyther ſuch poore Vicares or Curates, as the liuings left are able to ſuſtayne. The names of the Pariſhes in the Wight are theſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1
• 1. Newport, a chap.
• 2. Cairſbroſie. v.
• 3. Northwood.
• 4. Arriun. v.
• 5. Goddeſhill. v.
• 6. Whytwell.
• 7. S. Laurence. p.
• 8. Nighton. p.
• 9. Brading. v.P. ſignifi|eth Par [...]|nages, [...] Vicar [...]
• 10. Newchurch. v.
• 11. S. Helene. v.
• 12. Yauerland. p.
• 13. Calborne. p.
• 14. Bonechurch. p.
• EEBO page image 1315. Motteſſon. p.
• 16. Yarmouth. p.
• 17. Thorley. v.
• 18. Sha [...]e. v.
• 19. Whippinghã. p.
• 20. W [...]tton. p.
• 21. Chale. p.
• 22. Kingſton. p.
• 23. Shorwell. p.
• 24. [...]a [...]mbe. p.
• 25. Bro [...]ie.
• 26. Bryxſton. p.
• 27. Be [...]iſted. p.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 It belongeth for temporall Iuriſdiction to the countie of Hamſhire, but in ſpirituall caſes, it yéeldeth obediẽce to the See of Chi|cheſter, whereof it is a De [...]erie. As for the ſoyle of the whole Iſland, it is very fruitful, for notwithſtanding that the ſhore of it ſelfe be very full of rockes and [...]aggy cliffes, yet there wanteth no plentie of cattell, corne, pa|ſture, medow grounde, wilde foule, fiſh, freſh riuers, and pleaſant wooddes, wherby the in|habitants may lyue in eaſe and welfare. It was firſt ruled by a ſeuerall king, and after|warde wonne from the Britons by Veſpa|ſian the Legate, at ſuch tyme as he made a voyage into the Weſt country. In proceſſe of tyme alſo it was gotten frõ the Romaines by Ceadwall [...], who killed Aruald that reig|ned there, and reſerued the ſouereingtie of that Iſle to himſelfe, and his ſucceſſours. Af|ter Ceadwalla, Woolfride the Parricide was the firſt Saxon Prince, that aduentured into the Wight, whether he was driuen by Ken|walch of the Weſt ſaxons, who made great warres vpon him, and in the ende compel|led hym to flye into this place for ſuccours, as did alſo king Iohn, in the rebellious ſturre of his Barons, practiſed by the clargie: the ſayd Iſlãd being as then in poſſeſſiõ of the Fortes as ſome doe write that haue handled it of purpoſe. The firſt Earle of this Iſlande that I doe read of, was one Baldwijne de Betoun who maryed for his ſeconde wife, the daugh|ter of William le Groſſe Earle of Awmarle, but he dying without iſſue by this Lady, ſhe was maryed y^e ſecond time to Earle Mawn|deuile, and thirdlye to William de Fortes, who finyſhed Skipton Caſtell, which hys wyues father had begunne about the time of king Richard y^e firſt. Hereby it came to paſſe alſo, y^t the fortes were Erles of Awmarle, Wight, and Deuonſhyre a long time, till the Lady Elizabeth Fortes ſole heire to all thoſe poſſeſſions came to age, with whõ king Ed|ward the thirde ſo preuayled thorow money and fayre wordes, that he gate the poſſeſſion of the Wight wholly into his handes. After we be paſt the Wight, we go forwarde and come vnto Poole hauen, wherein is an Iſle, called Brunt Keyſi, in which was ſometime a Pariſhe church, [...]unt [...]ſi. and yet a chappell at this preſent as I here. There are alſo two other Iſles but I know not their names.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Wée haue after wée are paſſed by theſe another Iſle,Portland. alſo vpõ the co [...] named Port|land not farre from Waymouth a prety fer|tile péece through w^tout woode, of 10. myles in circuite, now well inhabited, but much bet|ter heretofore, & yet are there about 80. houſ|holdes in it. There is alſo but one ſtréete of houſes therin, the reaſt are diſperſed, how|beit they belong all to one Pariſhe Church, whereas in time paſt there were two within the compaſſe of the ſame. There is alſo a Ca|ſtell of the [...]ings, who is Lord of the Iſle, al|though the biſhop of Wincheſter be patrone of the Church, the perſonage whereof is the faireſt houſe in al the péece. The people there are excellent [...]ingers of ſtones, which feate they vſe for the defence of their Iſlande, and yet otherwiſe very couetous. And wheras in tyme paſt they lyued onely by fiſhing, now they fall to tillage, their fire bote is brought out of the wight, and other places, yet do they burne much cowdung, dryed in the ſonne: for there is I ſay no wood in y^e Iſle, except a few elmes that be about the church. There would ſome growe there, no doubt if they were wil|ling to plant it, although the ſoyle lye very bleake & open. It is not long ſince this was vnited to the mayne, and likely ere long to be cut of againe. Being paſt thys we rayſe ano|ther, alſo in the mouth of the Gowy, betwene Golſforde & Lime, of which for the ſmalneſſe therof I make no great accompt. Wherfore giuing ouer to intreate anye farder of it I caſt about to Gerſey, and Gerneſey,Gerſey. Garneſey. which Iſles with their appurtenaunces appertay|ned in tymes paſt to the Dukes of Norman|dye, but now they remayne to our Quéene, as percell of Hamſhyre and belonging to hir Crowne, by meanes of a compoſition made, betwéene king Iohn of England, & the king of Fraunce, when the Dominions of the ſaid Prince began ſo faſt to decreaſe, as Thomas Sulmo ſayth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Of theſe two, Gerſey is the greateſt,Gerſey. as an Iſlãd hauing 30. miles in cõpas, as moſt men doe cõiecture. There are likewiſe in the ſame twelue Pariſh Churches, wyth a Colledge, which hath a Deane and Prebendes. It is di|ſtaunt from Gerneſey full 21. myles, or there|aboutes. In this latter alſo, there haue bene in times paſt, fiue religious houſes and nyne Caſtelles,Gerneſey. howbeit in theſe dayes there is but one Pariſh church left ſtanding in the ſame. There are alſo certayne other ſmall Iſlands, which Henry the ſecond in his Donation cal|leth Inſuletas (beſide very many rocks) wher|of one called S. Helenes (wherein ſometyme was a Monaſtery) is faſt vpon Gerſey,S. Hereli. ano|ther is named y^e Cornet, Cornet. which hath a Caſtell EEBO page image 22 not paſſing an arrow ſhoote frõ Gerſey. The Serke alſo is betwéene both, which is is ſixe myles about,Serke. and hath another annexed to it by an Iſthmus or Strictlande, wherein was a religious houſe, and therewith all great ſtore of conyes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Brehoc. Gytho. Herme.There is alſo the Brehoc, the Gytho, and the Herme, which latter is foure myles in compaſſe, and therein was ſometyme a Chanonry, that afterwarde was conuer|ted into an houſe of Franciſcanes. There are two other likewyſe néere vnto that of S. Hele|rie of whoſe names I haue no notice. There is alſo the rockye, Burho als. the Iſle of Rattes. Iſle, of Burhoo, but nowe the Iſle of Rattes (ſo called of the huge plen|tie of Rattes that are founde there, though otherwiſe it be repleniſhed with infinite ſtore of Conyes, betwéene whome and the Rattes, as I coniecture thoſe which we call Turkie confes are oftentimes produced among thoſe few houſes that are to be ſéene in thys Iland. Beſide this there is moreouer the Iſle of Al|derney a very pretie Plot,Alderney. about ſeuen miles in compaſſe, wherein a Prieſt not long ſince did find a coffin of ſtone, in which lay y^e body of and huge Gyaunt, whoſe fore téeth were ſo bygge as a mans fiſt, as Lelande doth re|port.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Certes this to me is no marueile at al, ſith I haue read of greater, and mencioned them already in the beginning of thys booke. Such a one, alſo haue they in Spayne, whereunto they go in pilgrimage as vnto S. Chriſto|phers tooth, but it was one of his eye téeth, if Lodouicus Viues ſay true, who went hither to offer vnto y^e ſame. S. Auguſt writeth in like ſorte, of ſuch another found vpõ the coſt of V|tica, and thereby not onely gathered that all men were not onely farre greater then they be now, but alſo the Giaunts farre excéeding the huge ſtature of the hygheſt of them all. Homere complayneth that men in hys time were but Dwarfes in compariſon of ſuch as lyued in the warres of Troy. Sée his fift Iliade, where he ſpeaketh of Diomedes & how he threw a ſtone at Aeneas, (which 14. men of his time were not able to ſturre) & therewith did hit hym on the thighe & ouerthrowe him. Virgile alſo noteth no leſſe, but Iuuenall brief|lye comprehendeth all thys in his 15. Satyra, where he ſayth.

Saxa inclinatis per humum quaeſita lacertis

Iliad 5. & 7.Incipiunt torquere, domeſtica ſeditione

Tela, nec hunc lapidem, quali ſe Turnus, & Aiax,

Et quo Tytides percuſsit pondere coxam

Virgilius Aen. 12.Aeneae: ſed quem valeant emittere dextrae

Illis diſsimiles, & noſtro tempore natae.

Nam genus hoc viuo iam decreſcebat Homero.

Terra malos homines nunq educat, [...]t a puſillos,

Ergo De [...]s qui [...] aſpex [...]t, ri [...] [...]

But to returne agayne vnto the Iſle of Al|derney frõwhence I haue digreſſed. Herein alſo is a pretie towne with a Pariſh church, great plentie of Corne, Cattell, Conyes, and wilde foule, whereby the inhabitauntes doe reape much gayne and commoditie, onelye wood is theyr want, which they otherwyſe ſupply. The language alſo of ſuch as dwel in theſe Iſles, is Frenche, but the attire of thoſe y^t liued in Gerneſey & Gerſey, vntil the time of King Henry the eyght, was al after the I|riſh guyſe. The Iſle of Gerneſey alſo was ſore ſpoyled by the Frenche 1371. & left ſo de|ſolate that onely one caſtell remained there|in vntouched.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Beyonde thys and néere vnto the coaſt of Englande (for theſe doe lye about the ve|rye middeſt of the Brittiſh ſea) we haue one Iſlande called the Bruch or the Bruchſey,Bruchſey lying about two myles from Poole, whether men ſayle from the Fromouth, & wherin is nought elſe, but an olde Chappell, without o|ther houſing.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Next to this alſo are certaine rocks, which ſome take for Iſles, as Illeſtõ rocke nere vn|to Peritorie, Horeſtan Iſle a myle from Pe|ritorie by South, Blacke rocke Iſle, South|eaſt from Perytorie toward Teygnemouth, and alſo Cheſter, otherwyſe called Plegy|mudham: but howe (to ſaye truth) or where this latter lieth, I cãnot make report, as yet, & ſith Leland noteth them togither, I thinke it not my part to make ſeparation of them.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 From hence the next Iſle is called Mount Iſland, otherwiſe Mowtland,Mount Iſlande. ſcituate ouer againſt Lough, about two myles from the ſhore, and well néere, thrée myles in com|paſſe. This Iſland hath no inhabitants, but onely the Warrenner & his dogge, who loo|keth vnto the Conies there: notwithſtanding that vpõ the coaſt therof in time of the yere, great ſtore of Pylchardes is taken, and ca|ryed from thence into many places of our coũtrey. It hath alſo a freſh Well comming out of the rockes, which is woorthy to be no|ted in ſo ſmall a cõpaſſe of ground. Moreouer in the mouth of the créeke that leadeth vnto Lough, or Loow, as ſome call it, there is an other little Iſlande of about eight Acres of grounde called S. Nicholas Iſle, S. Nichol [...] Iſlande. and midwaye betwéene Falmouth, and Dudman, (a cer|tayne Promontorie) is ſuch another named the Grefe,Greefe. Inis: Pr [...] wherein is great ſtore of Gulles & ſea foule. As for Inis Prynin, it lyeth within the Baye about thrée myles from Lizardes, & contayneth not aboue two Acres of groũd, EEBO page image 14 from which Newltjn is not farre diſtaunt, & wherein is a poore fiſher r [...]wne and a fayre We [...]ſpring, whereof as yet no writer hath made mention. After theſe (o [...]teing, p [...]nndo|uant in y^e point of Fulmouth hane) we came at laſt to ſaint Michaels profit,Mount. S. Mi| [...]haeli. wherof I find this deſcription readye to my handes in Le|lande. The compaſſe of the roote of the Moũt of ſaint Michael is not much more then halfe a myle, and of this the South part is paſtu|rable and bréedeth Conyes; the reſidue high and rocky. In the North ſide thereof alſo is a Garden, with certayne houſes and ſhoppes for fiſhermen. Furthermore, the way to the Mountaine lieth at the North ſide, and is fre|quented from halfe ebbe to halfe floud, the en|traunce beginning at the foote of the Hyll, & ſo aſſending by ſteps and greces weſtward, firſt, and then Eaſtward to the vtterward of the Church. Within the ſame ward alſo is a Court ſtrongly walled, wherin on the ſouth|ſide is a Chappell of S. Michaell, and in the Eaſtſide another of our Lady. Many times a man maye come to the hill on foote. On the North Northweſt ſide hereof alſo, is a Piere for botes and ſhips, and in the baye betwixt the Mount & Penſantz are ſéene at the lowe water marke, diuers rootes and ſtubbes of trées, beſide hewen ſtone, ſometimes of dores and windowes, which are perceyued in the inner part of the Bay, and import that there hath not onely béene buylding, but alſo firme ground there, whereas the Salt water doth now rule & beare the maſtery. Beyond this is an other litle Iſle,S. Cle|ments. called S. Clemẽts Iſle, of a Chappell there dedicated to that Saint. It hath a litle beyond it, Mowſhole, which is not touched in any Card. As for Mowſhole it ſelf it is a towne of the maine, called in Cor|niſh port Enis, that is, portus inſule, & in tinne workes néere vnto the ſame, there hath bene founde of late, ſpeare heddes, battaile axes, & ſwords of Copper, wrapped vp in linnen and ſcarſely hurt with ruſt or other hinderance. Certes the ſea hath won very much in this corner of our Iſlande, but chiefly betwéene Mowſhole Penſardes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Hauing thus paſſed ouer very néere all ſuch Iſles, as lye vppon the ſouth coaſt of Bry|taine, and nowe being come vnto the weſt part of our coũtry, a ſodeyne Pirry catcheth holde of vs (as it did before, when we went to Gerſy) and caryeth vs yet more weſterlye a|mõg the flattes of Sylly. Such force doth the ſoutheaſt winde often ſhowe vpon poore tra|ueylers in thoſe parties, as the ſouth & ſouth|weſt, doth vpon ſtraungers againſt the Bry|tiſh coaſt, that are not ſkilfull of our rodes, and herborowes. Howbeit ſuch was our ſuc|ceſſe in their voyage, that we feared no rockes,King A|thelſtane hauing ſubdued the Syl|lane Iſles, builded a Colledge of Prieſts at S. Bu|rien, in perfour|mance of his vowe, made whẽ he enter|priſed this voyage, for his ſafe re|turne. (more then did king Athelſtane, when he ſub|dued thẽ) nor any tempeſt of weather in thoſe partes, that [...]lde annoy the paſſage. Peru|ſing therefore the periles whereinto we were pitifully plouged: we founde the Syllane I|lande [...] (places often robbed by the French|men and Spanyardes) to lye diſtaunt from the poynt of Cornewall, about thrée or foure houre [...] ſayling, or twentie Englyſhe miles, as ſome men doe account it. There are of theſe as I ſayde, to the number of one hundreth forty ſeauen in ſight, whereof eche one is greater or leſſe then other, and moſt of them ſometime inhabited, howbeit, there are twentie of them, which for their greatneſſe & commodities, excéede all the reaſt. Therto (if you reſpect their poſition) they are ſcituate in manner of a circle, or ring, hauing an huge lake, or portion of the ſea in the middeſt of them, which is not without perill, to ſuch as with ſmall aduiſement enter into the ſame. Certes it paſſeth my cunning, either to name or to deſcrybe all theſe one hundreth fourtie ſeauen according to their eſtate, neither haue I had any information of them, more than I haue gathered by Leyland, or gotten out of a Mappe of their deſcriptiõ, which I had, ſome|tyme of Reynolde Woolfe: wherefore omit|ting as it were all the raggos, and ſuch as are not worthy to haue anytime ſpent about their particular deſcriptions, I will only touch the greateſt and thoſe that ly togither, (as I ſaid) in maner of a roundell.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The firſt and greateſt of theſe therefore, called S. Maries Iſle, is about fiue miles ouer,S. Ma|ries Iſle. or nyne myles in compaſſe. Therein alſo is a pariſhe Church, and a poore Towne belong|ing thereto, of thrée ſcore houſholdes, beſide a caſtel, plẽtie of Corne, Co [...]es, wilde Swai|nes, Puffens, Gulles, Cranes & other kindes of Foule, in great abundãce. This fertile Iſ|lãd being thus viewed, we ſailed ſouthwarde by the norman rocke; & S. Maries ſounde vnto Agnus Iſle, which is ſixe myles ouer,Agnus Iſle. & hath in lyke ſorte one Towne or Pariſhe within the ſame of fiue or ſixe houſholdes, beſide no ſmall ſtore of Hogs, & Con [...]es, of ſundry cou|lours, very profitable to theyr owners. It is not long ſince this Iſle was left deſolate, for whẽ y^e inhabitãts therof, returned frõ a feaſt holden in S. Maries Iſle, they were al drow|ned and not one perſon left aliue. There are alſo two other ſmall Iſlandes, betwéene this & the Annot, Annot. wherof I finde nothing worthy relation, for as both of them ioyned together are not comparable, to the ſayde Annot for greatneſſe and circuite, ſo they want both Hogges and Connies, whereof Annot hath EEBO page image 23 great plentie.Minwiſand. Smithy ſounde. Suartigan. Rouſuian. Rouſuiar. Cregwin. There is moreouer the Minwi|ſand, from whence we paſſe by the Smithy ſound, (leauing thrée little Iſlandes on the left hande, vnto the Suartigan Iſlande, then to Rouſuian, Rouſuiar, and the Cregwin, which ſeauen are for y^u moſt part, repleniſhed with Conies only, and wilde Earlike, but voyde of woode, and other commodities, ſauyng of a ſhort kinde of graſſe, or here or there ſome firzes whereon their Conies doe féede.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Leauing therefore theſe deſert péeces, wée incline a little towarde the northweſt, where we ſtumble or runne vppon,Moncar|that. Inis Wel|ſeck. Suethiall. Rat Iſ|land. Anwall. Brier. Moncarthat, Inis Welſeck, & Suethial. We came in like ſort vn|to Ratte Iſlande (wherein are ſo many mon|ſtrous Rattes, that if horſes, or other beaſts, happen to come thither, or be left there by negligence, they are ſure to be deuoured and eaten vp, without all hope of recouerye) the Anwall and the Brier, Iſlandes in lyke ſorte voyde of all good furniture, Conies only ex|cepted, & that; he Brier (wherein is a village, Caſtell, & pariſh Church) bringeth foorth no leſſe ſtore of Hogges, and wyldefoule, then Ratte Iſland doth of Rats, whereof I great|ly marueyle.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 By north of the Brier, lyeth the Ruſco, which hath a Labell or Bylande ſtretch|ing out toward the ſouthweſt, called Inis wid|don. Ruſco. Inis widdõ, This Ruſco is verye néere ſo great as that of S. Maries. It hath moreouer an hold, & a Pariſh within it, beſide great ſtore of Conies and wildefoule, whereof they make much gayne in due tyme of the yeare. Next vnto thys wée come to the Rounde Iſland,Round. Iſlande. S. Lides. Notho. Auing. Tyan. then to S. Lides Iſland, (wherin is a Pariſh church, dedicated to that ſaint) the Notho, the Auing, (one of thẽ being ſituate by ſouth of another) and the Tyan, which later is a great Iſlande, furnyſhed with a Pariſh Church, & no ſmall plenty of Conies as I here. After the Tyan we come to S. Martines Iſle,S. Martines betwixt which & S. Maries, are tenne other, ſmaller, which reach out of the northeaſt into the ſouthweſt, as Knolworth Sniuilliuer, Knolworth. Sniuilliuer. Menwethã Vollis. 1. Surwihe. Volils. 2. Arthurs Ile Guiniliuer. Nenech. Gothrois. Menwetham, Vol|lis. 1. Surwihe, Vollis. 2. Arthurs Iſland, Guiui|liuer, Nenech and Gothrois, whoſe qualities are dyuers: howbeit as no one of theſe, is to be accounted great in compariſon of the o|ther, ſo they al yéelde a ſhort graſſe, méete for ſhéepe and Conies, as doe alſo the reaſt. In the greater Iſles likewiſe, (whoſe names are commonlye ſuch as thoſe of the Townes, or Churches ſtanding in the ſame) there are as I here ſundrye lakes, and thoſe neuer without great plentye of wildefoule, ſo that the Iſles of Sylly, are ſuppoſed to be no leſſe beneficiall to their Lordes, then anye other whatſoeuer, within the compaſſe of our Iſle, or néere vnto our coaſtes. In ſome of them alſo are wilde ſwine.Wilde ſwine in Sylley. And as thoſe Iſles are ſuppoſed to be a notable ſafegard to the coaſt of Corinewall, ſo in dyuers of them great ſtore of tinne, is to be founde. There is in like maner ſuch plenty of fiſhe taken among theſe ſame, that beſide the féeding of their ſwine wyth all, a man ſhall haue more there for a peny, then in London for ten Grotes: How|beit their chiefe cõmodity is made by Reigh, which they dry and cutte in péeces, and cary|ing it ouer into litle Britayne, they exchange it there, for Salt, Canuas, readye Money, or other Marchaundiſe which they doe ſtande in neede of. A like trade haue ſome of them alſo, with Buckehorne or dryed Whityng, as I here: but ſith the Authour of this report, did not flatly auouch it, I paſſe ouer that fiſhe as not in ſeaſon at this time. Thus haue we viewed the richeſt and moſt wealthy Iſles of Sylley, frõ whence we muſt direct our courſe eaſtwardes, vnto the mouth of the Sauerne, & then go backe againe vnto the weſt poynt of Wales, cõtinuing ſtill our voyage along vp|on the weſt coaſt of Brytaine, till we come to the Soluey where at the kingdomes part, and from which forth on we muſt touch ſuch Iſ|landes, as lye vpon the weſt and northſhoore, till we be come againe vnto the Scottiſh ſea, and to our owne dominions.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From the poynt of Cornewall therefore, or Promõtory of Helenus, (ſo called, as ſome think,Helenus. Priamus. becauſe Helenus the ſon of Priam lyeth buried there, except y^e ſea haue waſhed away his ſepulchre) vntill we come vnto the mouth of Sauerne, we haue none Iſlandes at all that I do knowe or here of, but one lytle Byland, Cape or Peninſula, which is not to be reco|ned of in this place. And yet ſith I haue made mention of it, you ſhall vnderſtande, that it is called Pendinas, and beſide y^t the compaſſe thereof is not aboue a myle, this is to be re|membred farder how there ſtãdeth a Pharos or light therein, for ſhippes which ſayle by thoſe coaſts in the night. There is alſo at the very poynt of the ſayde Pendinas, Pendinas. a chappell of S. Nicholas, beſide the church of S. Ia, an I|riſh woman Sainct. It belõged of late to the Lorde Brooke, but nowe as I geſſe the Lorde Mountioy enioyeth it. There is alſo a Block|houſe, and a péere in the eaſt ſide thereof, but the péere is ſore choked with ſande, as is the whole ſhore furthemore frõ S. Ies vnto S. Car|antokes, inſomuch that the greateſt parte of thys Bylande is nowe couered with ſandes, which the ſea caſteth vp, & this calamity hath indured little aboue fiftie yeares.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There are alſo two Rockes néere vnto Tredwy, and another not farre from Tinta|gell, EEBO page image 15 all which many of the common ſort doe repute and take for Iſles: wherefore as one deſirous to note all, I thinke it not beſt that theſe ſhould be omitted, but to procéede. Whẽ we be come farder; I meane vnto y^e Sauerne mouth, we méete the two Holmes, of which one is called Stepholine, and the other Flat|holme, of theyr formes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 It ſhoulde ſéeme by ſome that they are not worthy to be placed among Iſlands: yet other ſome are of the opinion, that they are not altogyther ſo baſe, as to bée reputed a|mongſt flattes or rockes: but whatſoeuer they be, this is ſure that they oft annoye ſuch Paſſengers and Marchauntes as paſſe, and repaſſe vpon that riuer. Neyther doe I reade of any other Iſles which lye by caſt of theſe ſame onely the Barri and Dunwen: [...]rri. the firſt of which is ſo called of one Barroc, a religious man as Gyraldus ſaith. And here in is a rock, ſtanding at the very entraunce of the clyffe, which hath a little rift or chine vpon the ſide, whervnto if a mã do lay his eare, he ſhal here a noyſe, as if ſmithes did worke at the forge, ſometimes blowing wyth theyr Bellowes, [...]rri, is a [...]ght thot [...]m the [...]re. & ſometimes ſtriking and clinking with Ham|mers, whereof many men haue great woon|der and marueyle. It is about a mile in com|paſſe, ſcituate ouer againſt Aberbarry, and hath a chappel in it.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 [...]unwen. Dunwen, is ſo called of a Churche dedi|cated to a Welch woman ſaint, called Dun|wen, that ſtandeth there. It lyeth more then two miles from Henroſſer, ryght againſt Ne|uen, and hath within it two fayre mylles, and great ſtore of conies, and if the ſande in|creaſe ſo faſt herafter as it hath done of late about it, it will be vnyted to the mayne, within a ſhort ſeaſon. Beyond theſe & toward the coaſt of Southwales, lye two other Iſ|landes, larger in quantitie, then the Holmes, of which the one is called Caldee or Inis Pyr. [...]aldee. It hath a Pariſhe Church wyth a ſpire ſtée|ple, and a prety towne belonging to the coun|ty of Pembroke, and iuriſdiction of S. Dauid in Wales. Lelande ſuppoſeth the ruines that are founde there in, to haue beene of an olde priorye ſometimes called Lille, which was a celle belonging to the Monaſterye of S. Dog|maell, but of this I can ſaye nothing. The other hyght Londy, [...]ondy. wherein is alſo a village or towne, and of thys Iſlande the Parſon of the ſayde towne, is not onelye the captaine, but hath thereto weife, diſtreſſe, and all other commodities belonging to the ſame. It is little aboue ſixtéene myles, from the coaſt of wales, and yet it ſerueth as I am informed Lord and king in Deuonſhyre. Moreouer in thys Iſlande is great plentie of ſhéepe, but more of conies, and therewithall of very fine and ſhort graſſe, for their better foode and paſtureage. And albeit that there be not ſcal|lie fourtie houſholdes in the whole, yet the in|habitants there with huge ſtones (alreadye prouided) may kéepe of thouſandes of theyr enemies, becauſe it is not poſſible for any ad|uerſaries to aſſayle them, but onelye at one place, and wyth a moſt daungerous entrance,Schalmey. Schoncold. Scalmey the greater and the leſſe lye north|weſt of Milforde hauen a good way. They be|long both to the king; but are not inhabited, bicauſe they be ſo often ſpoiled with pirates, Schoncold Iſle ioineth vnto great Scalmey, & is bygger then it, onely a paſſage for ſhippes parteth them wherby they are ſuppoſed to be one, Leland noteth thẽ to lie in Milford hauẽ.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Limen as Ptolomy calleth it,Limen or Ramſey. is ſcituate ouer againſt S. Dauides in wales, wherevnto we muſt nedes come, after we be paſt another litle one, which ſome men do call Greſsholme, Gresſholm In a late Mappe I finde this Limen to be cal|led in Engliſhe Ramſey: Lelande alſo confir|meth the ſame, and I cannot learne more thereof, then that it is much greater than any of the other laſt mencioned, (ſithence I deſcri|bed the holmes) and for temporall iuriſdicti|on, a member of Penbrookſhire, as it is vnto S. Dauides, for matters concerning y^e church. Lelande in his Commentaries of Englande Lib. 8. ſayeth that it contayned thrée Iſlettes, where of the Biſhop of S. Dauids is owner of the greateſt, but y^e Chanter of S. Dauids clay|meth the ſecond, as the Archedeacon of Cair|maiden doth the thirde. And in theſe is very excellent paſture for ſhéepe, and horſes, but not for other horned beaſts, which lacke their vpper téeth, by nature (whoſe ſubſtaunce is cõuerted into the nouriſhmẽt of their hornes) and therefore cannot byte ſo low. Next vnto this Iſle we came to Mawr, Mawr. an Iſland in the mouth of Mawr, ſcant a bow ſhoote ouer, and enuironned at the low water with freſh, but at the high Salt, & here alſo is excellent cat|ching of Heringes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After this procéeding on ſtil with our courſe; we fetched a compaſſe, going out of the north towarde the weſt, and then turning againe (as the coaſt of the country leadeth) vntill we ſayled full ſouth, leauing the ſhore ſtill on our right hande, vntyll we came vnto a couple of yles, which lye vpõ the mouth of the Soch, one of them being diſtaunt, as we geſſed a myle from the other, and neyther of them of anye greatneſſe, almoſt woorthy to remembred. The firſt that we came vnto is called Tudfal and therin is a Church,Tudfall. but without any Pa|riſhioners, except they be ſhéepe and Conies. The quantitie therof alſo is not much aboue, EEBO page image 24 ſixe acres of grounde, meaſured by the pole. The next is Penthlin, Penthlin. or Myrach, ſcituate in maner betwixt Tudfall, or Tuidall and the ſhore, & herin is very good paſture for horſes, whereof as I take it that name is giuen vnto it. Next vnto them, we come vnto Bardeſey, an Iſlande lying ouer againſt the Southweſt poynt or Promontorie of Northwales,Bardeſey. and whether the reaſt of the Monkes of Bangor dyd flye to ſaue themſelues, when their fello|lowes were ſlayne by the Saxon Princes in the quarell of Auguſtine the monke, and the Citie of Caerleon or Cheſter, raced to the grounde. Ptolomie calleth this Iſland, Lym|nos, the Britons Enlhi, and therein alſo is a pariſh church, as the report goeth. Frõ hence wée caſt about gathering ſtill towarde the Northeaſt, till we came to Caer Ierienrhod a notable rocke ſituate ouer againſt y^e mouth of the Leuenni, wherin ſtandeth a ſtrong hold or fortreſſe, or elſe ſome Towne or Village. Certes we could no well diſcerne whether of both it was, becauſe the winde blew harde at Southweſt, the morning was miſtie and our mariners doubting ſome flats to be couched not farre from thence, haſted away vnto An|gleſey, whether we went a pace, wyth a redy winde, euen at our owne deſire.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Angleſey cut from Wales by working of the ſea.This Iſlande (which Tacitus miſtaketh, no doubt for Mona Cerſaris) is ſcituate about two myles from the ſhore of Northwales. Paulus Iouius geſſeth that it was in time paſt ioyned to the continent, or maine of our Iſle, and only cut of by working of the Oceane, as Si|cilia peraduenture was frõ Italy by the vio|lence of the Leuant: thereby alſo as he ſayth the inhabitants were conſtrayned at the firſt to make a bridge ouer into the ſame, till the breach waxed ſo great, that no ſuch paſſage could any longer be mainteyned, but as theſe things d [...]e eyther not touche my purpoſe at all, or make ſmally with the preſent deſcrip|tion of this Iſle: ſo (in comming to my mat|ter) Angleſey is founde to be full ſo great as the Wight,Angleſey. & nothing inferiour, but rather ſurmounting it, as that alſo which Caeſar calleth Mona in fruitefulneſſe of ſoile by ma|nye an hundred folde. In olde time it was re|puted and taken for the common granerie to Wales, as Sicilia was to Italy for their pro|uiſion of Corne. In lyke maner the Welch|men themſelues called it the mother of theyr country, for giuing their mindes wholly to paſturage, as the moſt eaſie and leſſe charge|able trade, they vtterly neglected tyllage, as men that leaned wholly to the fertilitie of this Iſlande for their Corne, from whence they neuer fayled to receyue cõtinuall abun|daunce. It contayned moreouer ſo manye townes welnéere, as there be daies in a ye [...], which ſome conuerting into Cantredes haue accompted but for thrée, as Gyraldus ſayeth. Howbeit as there haue béene I ſay 363. tow|nes in Angleſey, ſo now a great part of y^e re|conning is vtterly ſhronke, & ſo farre gone to decay, y^t the very ruines of theẽ are vnneth to be ſéene: and yet it ſeemeth to be méetely wel inhabited. Lelande noting the ſmalneſſe of our hundredes in compariſon to that they were in tyme paſt, addeth ſo farre as I re|member that there are ſixe of them in An|gleſey, as Menay, Maltraith, Liuon, Talbelliõ, Torkalm, and Tindaither: herevnto Lhoid ſaith alſo how it belonged in olde time, vnto the kingdome of Guinhed or Northwales, & that therin at a towne called Aberfraw, being on the Southweſt ſide of the Iſle, the kinges of Gwinhed helde euermore their pallaces, whereby it came to paſſe, that the kinges of northwales, were for a lõg time, called kings of Aberfraw, as y^e Welchmẽ named y^e kings of England kinges of London, till better in+ſtruction dyd bring them farder knowledge.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There are in Angleſey many townes and villages, whoſe names as yet I can not or|derly attayne vnto: wherefore I will content my ſelfe with the rehearſall of ſo many as we viewed in ſayling about the coaſtes, and otherwyſe hearde report of by ſuch as I haue talked with all. Beginning therefore at the mouth of the Ge [...]ni (which ryſeth at North|eaſt aboue Gefni or Geuen [...], 20. myles at y^e leaſt into the land) we paſſed firſt by Hund|wyn, then by Newborow, Port Hayton, Beau|marrais, Penmõ, Eliã, Almwoch, Burric (wher|by runneth a rill into a creke) Cornew, Holy|hed, (ſtanding in the promontorie) Gwifen, Aberfraw, and Cair Gadwaladar, of all which, the two latter ſtande, as it were in a nuke, be|twéene the Geuenni water, & the Fraw, wher|vpõ Aberfraw is ſcituate. Within the Iland, we hard only of Gefni afore mẽtioned, of Gri|ſtial ſtãding vpõ y^e ſame water of Tefri, of La|nerchimedh, Lachtenfarwy & Bodedrin, but of all theſe the chiefe is nowe Beaumarais, which was buylded ſometyme by king Edward the firſt, and therewithall a ſtrong Caſtell about the yeare 1295. to kepe that lande in quiet. There are alſo as Leland ſayth 31. Pariſhe churches beſide 69. chappelles, that is 100. in all: but hereof I can ſay litle, for lacke of iuſt inſtruction. In tymes paſt, the people of this Iſle vſed not to ſeuerall their groundes, but now they diggeſtony hillockes and with the ſtones thereof they make rude walles, much lyke to thoſe of Deuonſhyre, ſith they want hedges, fire bote, and houſebote, or to ſaye at one worde, timber & trées. As for wine, it EEBO page image 16 is ſo plentifull & good cheape there moſt com|monly as in London, thorowe the great re|courſe of marchaunts frõ France, Spaine, and Italy vnto the aforeſayde Iſlande. The fleſhe likewyſe of ſuch Cattell as is bredde there, is moſt delicate, by reaſon of their ex|cellent paſture, & ſo much was it eſtéemed by the Romaines in tyme paſt, y^e Collumella did not onely commende & preferre them before thoſe of Liguria, but the emperours thẽſelues alſo cauſed there prouiſion to be made for nete out of Angleſey to féede vppon at their owne tables as the moſt excellent béefe. It taketh the name of Angles & Eye, which is to meane the Iſle of Engliſhmen, bycauſe they wan it in the conquerours tyme, vnder the leading of Hugh Earle of Cheſter, & Hugh of Shreweſbury. The Welchmẽ cal it Tire|mone, and herein likewyſe is a Promontorie or Bylande, called Holly hed, (which hath in tyme paſt bene named Cair kyby, [...]y head, Cair [...]. of Kyby a monke, that dwelled in that place) frõ whence the readyeſt paſſage is commonly had out of Northwales to get ouer into Irelande. The Britons named it Enylſnach, [...]lſnach, [...]y Iſle. or holy Iſle of the number of carkaſes of holy men, which they ſuppoſe to haue béene buryed there. But herein I marueyle not a little what women had offended, that they myght not come thi|ther, or at the leaſt wyſe returne from thence without ſome notable reproche. And nowe to conclude with the deſcription of the whole Iſ|lande, this I will adde moreouer vnto hir cõ|modities, that as there are the beſt milſtones of white, redde, blewe, and gréene gréetes, (eſpecially in Tindaithin,) ſo there is great gaines to begotten by fiſhing, rounde about this Iſle, if the people there coulde vſe the trade: but they want both cunning and dili|gence to take that matter in hande. And as for temporall regimẽt it apparteyneth to the countye of Cairnaruon, ſo in ſpirituall caſes it belongeth to the Byſhopricke of Bangor. This is finally to be noted moreouer of An|gleſey, that ſundry earthen pottes are often founde there of dead mens bones conuerted into aſhes, ſet with the mouthes downeward contrarie to the vſe of other nations, which turned the brimmes vpwardes, whereof let this ſuffice.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Hauing thus deſcrybed Angleſey, it rea|ſteth to report furthermore, how that in our circuite about the ſame, we mette with other little Iſlettes, of which one lyeth Northweſt therof almoſt ouer againſt Butricke mouth, or the fall of the water, that paſſeth by Bu|tricke. The Britons called it Ynis Ader, that is to ſay, [...]r. [...]l. [...]maid. the Iſle of Birdes in olde time, but now it hight Ynis Moil, or Ynis Rhomaid, that is y^e Iſle of Porpaſſes. It hath to name like|wiſe Yſteriſd, and Adros. Being paſt this,Yſteriſd. Adros. Lygod. we came to the ſecond lying by North eaſt, ouer againſt the Hillary point, called Ynis Ligod. that is to ſay, the Iſle of Miſe, and of theſe two this latter is the ſmalleſt, neyther of thẽ both beyng of anye greatneſſe to ſpeake of. Ynis Seriall or Preſtholme, Seriall. Preſtholne lieth ouer againſt Penmon, or the point called the hed of Mon, where I founde a towne (as I tolde you) of the ſame denominatiõ. Ptolomy nameth not this Iſlande, whereof I marueyle. It is per|cell of Flintſhyre, and of the iuriſdiction of S. Apſah, and in fertilitie of ſoyle, and bréede of Cattell, nothing inferiour vnto Angleſey hir moother: although that for quantitie of groũd it come infinitely ſhort thereof, & be nothing cõparable vnto it. The laſt Iſland vpon y^e coſt of Wales, hauing now left Angleſey, is called Credine, & although it lye not properly with|in the compaſſe of my deſcription,Credine. yet I will not let to touch it by the waye, ſith the cauſey thither from Denbighlande, is commonly ouerflowen. It is partly made an Iſland by the Conwey & partly by the ſea. But to pro|céede, when we had viewed this place, we paſ|ſed forth without finding any mo Iſles to my remembraunce, vntill we came to the Cape of Iſle Brée, or Hilbery & poynt of Wyrale,Hilbery. which is an Iſlande at the full ſea, a quarter of a myle from the lande, and foure fadame déepe, as ſhippes boyes haue oft ſounded, but at a lowe water, a man may go ouer on the ſande. The Ile of it ſelf is very ſandy a mile in compaſſe, & well ſtored with Conies, thi|ther alſo went a ſort of ſuperſticious fooles in tymes paſt, in pylgrimage, to our Ladye of Hilbery by whoſe offrings a Cell of Monkes there, which belonged to Cheſter, were che|riſhed and maintayned.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 The next Iſland vppon the coaſt of Eng|land is man,Man is ſuppoſed to be the firſt, as His tha is the laſt, of the Hebrides, and Hector Boethus noteth a difference betwéene them of 300. miles. Eubonia. Meuania. which the Welchmen doe com|monly call Manaw. It lieth vnder 53. degrées of Latitude, and 30. minuts, and hath in lon|gitude 16. degrées and 40. minutes, abutting on the North ſide vpõ S. Nimans in Scotland, Furneſſels on the Eaſt, Preſtholme & An|gleſey on the South, and Vlſther in Ireland on the Weſt. It is greater then Angleſey by a thirde part, and there are two riuers in the ſame, whoſe heddes doe ioyne ſo néere, that they doe ſeeme in maner to part the Iſle in twaine. Some of our auncient writers call it Eubonia and other Meuania, howbeit after Beda and the Scottiſh hiſtories, the Meuaniae are thoſe Iſles which we now call the Hebri|des or Hebudes (whereof William Maſſme|bery Lib. 1. de regibus, will haue Angleſey to be one) wherfore it ſéemeth that a number of EEBO page image 25 our late writers aſcrybing the ſayde name vnto Mona, haue not béene a little deceaued. In this Iſlande were ſometime 1300. fami|lies, of which 960. were in the Weſt halfe, & the reaſt in the other. But nowe thorow ioy|ning houſe to houſe, and lande to land, (a cõ|mon plague & canker, which wil eate vp al, if prouiſion be not made in tyme to withſtande this miſchiefe) that number is halfe dimini|ſhed, and yet many of the riche inhabiters want roume & wote not howe & where to be|ſtow themſelues, to their quiet contentatiõs. Certes this impedimẽt groweth not be rea|ſon that men were greater in body, then they haue beene in tyme paſt, but onlye for y^t their inſatiable deſire of inlarging their priuate poſſeſſions increaſeth ſtill vpon them, & will doe more, except they be reſtrayned: but to returne to our purpoſe. The kings of Scot|lande had this Iſlande vnder their dominiõ, almoſt from their firſt arriual in this Iſland, and as Beda ſayeth till Edwine king of the Northumbers wanne it from them and vni|ted it to his kingdome. Hereof alſo I coulde bring better teſtimonie, for we finde that the kings of Scotlande, did not only giue lawes to ſuch as dwelled there, but alſo from tyme to tyme, appoint ſuch Byſhoppes as ſhoulde exerciſe Eccleſiaſtical Iuriſdictiõ in y^e ſame. Fnally how,Cronica Tine|muthi. after ſundry ſales bargains and cõtracts of Matrimony for I reade y^t Williã Scroupe the kings Vicechamberleyne, did buy this Iſle and crowne therof of the Lord Wil. Montacute Earle of Sarum) it came vnto y^e aunceſtours of the Earles of Darby, who haue béene cõmonly ſayd to be kings of Man, the hyſtorie folowing as I ſuppoſe ſhal more at large declare. Gyraldus noteth how there was contention ſometyme betwéene the kings of Englande, and Irelande, for the ryght of this Iſlande, but in the ende when by a cõprimiſe the tryall of the matter was referred to the liues or deathes of ſuch vene|mous Wormes as ſhoulde be brought in|to the ſame, and it was founde, that they dyed not at all, as the lyke doe in Irelande, ſentence paſſed with the kyng of Englande, and ſo he retayned the Iſlande. But howſoe|uer this matter ſtandeth, & whether any ſuch thing was done at all or not, ſure it is that the people of the ſayde Iſle, were much giuen to Witchcraft, and Sorcerie (which they lear|ned of the Scottes a people greatly bent to that horrible practiſe) inſomuch that theyr women, woulde oftentimes ſell winde to the mariners incloſed vnder certayne knots of thréede, with this iniunction, that they which bought the ſame, ſhoulde for a great gale vn|doe manye, and for the leſſe a ſmaller num|ber.Tal [...] in ma [...] The ſtature of the men & alſo fertilitie of this Iſlande are much commended & for the latter ſuppoſed verye néere to be equall with that of Angleſey, in all commodities.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There are alſo theſe townes therin, as they come now to my remẽbrance, Ruſhen Dun|glaſſe, Holme towne S. Brids, Bala Cury (y^e by|ſhops houſe) S. Mich. S. Andrew, kirk chriſt, kirk Louel. S. Machees, kirke Santã, Pala ſalla, kirk S. Mary, kirk Cõcane, kirk Malu, & Home. But of all theſe Ruſhen with y^e caſtel is the ſtrõgeſt. It is alſo in recompẽce of the common want of woode, indued wyth ſundry prety waters,Riuers as firſt of all the burne that ryſſeth in north|ſide of warehill botomes, & branching out by ſouthweſt of kirke Santan, it ſéemeth to cut of a great part of the eaſtſide thereof, from the reſidue of that Iſland. From thoſe hylles alſo (but of the ſouth halfe) commeth the Home and Homey, by a towne of the ſame name, in the verry mouth whereof, lieth the Pile, afore mencioned. They haue alſo the Bala paſſing by Bala cury, on the weſtſide, and the Rame on the north, whoſe fall is named Rameſey hauen as I doe reade in Chronicles.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There are moreouer ſundry great hylles therein as that wherupõ S. Mathees ſtandeth,Hilles. in the northeaſt parte of the Iſle, a parcell whereof commeth flat ſouth, betwéene kirke Louell, and kirke Mary, yéelding out of their botomes the water Bala, whereof I ſpake be|fore. Beſide theſe and well toward the ſouth part of the Iſle, I finde the warehilles, which are extended almoſt, from the weſt coaſt o|uertwhart vnto the burne ſtreame. It hath alſo ſundrye hauens, as Ramſey hauen,Hauens by north, Laxam hauen, by eaſt, Port Iris, by ſouthweſt, Port Home, and Port Michell, by weſt. In lyke ſort there are diuers Iſlettes annexed to the ſame, as the Calf of man on the ſouth, the Pile on the weſt, and finallye S. Michelles Iſle, in the Gulf called Ranoths way, in the eaſt. Moreouer the ſhéepe of thys countrye are excéeding huge, wel woolled,Calf of [...] The pyl [...] S. Michel|les Iſle. Sheépe. Hogges Barnacl [...] and their tayles of ſuch greatneſſe as is almoſt incredible. In lyke ſorte theyr hogges are in maner monſtruous. They haue furthermore great ſtore of Barnacles, bréeding vpõ their coaſts, (but yet not ſo great ſtore as in Ire|land) and thoſe (as there alſo) of olde ſhippes. Ores, Maſtes, and ſuch putryfied pytched ſtufe, as by wrecke hath happened to corrupt vpon that ſhore. Howbeit neyther the inha|bytantes of thys Iſle,Barnacl [...] neyther fiſhe, nor fleſhe. nor yet of Ireland can redily ſaye whether they be fiſh or fleſhe, for although the religious there vſed to eate thẽ as fiſhe, yet elſewhere, ſome haue béene trou|bled, for eating them in times prohibited, as Heretikes, and Lollardes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 17 [...]iſhop of [...]an.There hath ſometime béene, and yet is a Byſhop of this Iſle, who at the firſt was cal|led Epiſcopus Sodorenſis, when y^e iuriſdiction of all y^e Hebrides belõged vnto him. Wheras now he y^t is Byſhop there, is but a Biſhops ſhadow, for albeit y^t he beare y^e name of By|ſhop of Man, yet haue y^e Earles of Darby, as it is ſuppoſed, al y^e profite of his Sie, (ſauing that they allowe him a little ſomewhat for a flouriſh) notwithſtãding that they be hys pa|trons and haue hys nomination to that Sie. [...]atrone Man. It is ſubiect to the Byſhoppe of Yorke alſo, for ſpirituall Iuriſdiction, & in time of Henry the ſeconde had a king, as Houeden ſaith, whoſe name was Cuthrede vnto whome Vinianus y^e Cardinall came as Legate. 1177. but ſith I can neyther come by the names, nor ſucceſſions of thoſe Princes that reigned there, I ſurceſſe to ſpeake any more of them, and alſo of the Iſle it ſelfe, whereof this may ſuffice.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After we haue in thus wiſe deſcribed the Iſle of Man, with hyr commodities, we re|turned eaſtwardes back againe vnto y^e point of Ramſhed, where we founde to the number of ſixe Iſlettes of one ſorte and other, whereof the firſt greateſt and moſt eaſterly, is named the Wauay. [...]auay. It runneth out in length, as wée geſſed about fiue myles from the ſouth into y^e north, and betwéene the ſame and the maine lande lie two little ones, whoſe names I find not in anye writer ſo farre, as I remember. The fourth is called y^e Fouldra, and bring ſci|tuate ſoutheaſt of the firſt, it hath a prety pile or blockhouſe therin, which the inhabitaunts name the Pile of Fouldray. [...]uldra. [...]la. [...]a. By eaſt thereof in lyke ſort lye the Fola and the Roa, plottes of no great compaſſe, and yet of al theſe ſixe, the firſt and Fowldra are the fayreſt and moſ [...] fruitefull. From hence we went by Rauen|glaſſe point, where lieth an Iſland of the ſame denomination, [...]auen| [...]aſſe. as Reginalde Wolfe hath noted in his great Carde, not yet finiſhed, nor lykely to be publiſhed. He noteth alſo two o|ther Iſlettes, betwéene the ſame & the mayne lande, but Lelande ſpeaketh nothing of them, (to my remembrance,) neyther anye other Carde, as yet ſet foorth of England: and thus much of the Iſlands that lie vpon our ſhoore.

Hauing ſo exactlye as to me is poſſible, ſet downe the names & poſitions of ſuch Iſles as are to be found vpõ the coaſtes of y^e Quéenes maieſties dominions. Nowe it reſteth y^t we procéede orderly wyth thoſe y^t are ſéene to lye vpõ the coſt of Scotland, that is to ſay, in the Iriſh, the Deucalidon & the Germaines ſeas: But before we come at theſe, there are di|uers other to be touched, which are ſcituate betwéene the nuke of Galloway, & the Frith of Solue, whoſe names I find not as yet fel downe by any writer, neyther is their num|ber greate. Wherefore ſith I may not doe in this their deſcriptiõ what I would, I muſt be contented to doe therein what I may, and to ridde my hands of the one, that I may the ſooner come vnto, and be dealing with the o|ther. The firſt of theſe therefore, lyeth ouer a|gaynſt Dundrenaw, ſomewhat towarde the mouth of the ſtreame, that goeth vnto Glan|kaire. The ſecond is ſcituate in y^e Dée, wher|in Trief Caſtell ſtandeth:Trief. S. Mary Iſle. by weſt whereof ly|eth S. Mary Iſle, which is ouer againſt Whi|therne, or as we nowe call it Witherne, of which in our Engliſhe hyſtories we haue oft mention vnder the name of Candida Caſa, whereof the learned are not ignoraunt. Beyonde theſe are two other lying togither, as it were in the mouth of the loweſt docke, & from thence we paſſed directly rounde about, the aforeſayde nuke, vnto Dumbritton fyrth, where we finde alſo nine or tenne Iſlandes, of dyuers quantities, wherof Ailze, or Aliza, is the firſt, & wherein is great plentye of the Soland foule, Cinuary the ſecond, Bure the thirde, Marnoch the fourth, Pladua the fift, Lanlach the ſixt, Arren or Botha, the ſeauenth, Sauday the eyght, and Olr the ninth: but of all theſe, one or two are only accounted famous, that is Arren the greateſt of all, wherin ſtan|deth a towne of the ſame name, and Bure the next, in which Roſa is ſcituate: the reaſt are eyther vtterly barren, or not very commo|dious, except for fowle to ſuch as owe the ſame. By this time alſo are we come to the poynt of Cantyre, 15. Miles betwéene Cantyre & the coaſt of De [...]mond. which is not paſſing fiftene or ſixtene myles, diſtaunt from the coaſt of Irelande, ſo that next vnto theſe afore remẽ|bred (and when we haue fetched in the afore|ſaid poynt) we come vnto the Hebrides, which are reconned to be thrée and fourtie, in num|ber, beſides the flattes and ſhallowes as I haue earſt affirmed in the beginning of thys chapter.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Of theſe aforeſayd Iſlands, I finde dyuers to be 30. myles, ſome twelue other more or leſſe quantity, but Sky Mula Iona, & Ila, are the greateſt, as ſhall appeare hereafter. Certes it is impoſſible for me, being a méere Eng|lyſhman voyde of helpe & of ſmall reading, to diſcuſſe the controuerſies that are mooued among the learned, touching the Meuainae & the Hebrides, wherefore ſith I am not able to deale ſo déepely with that matter, I will firſt ſhewe what Iſlandes doe lye vpon the weſt coaſtes of Scotlande betwéene Cantyre and Andermouth heade, giuing out onelye the names of the leaſt (ſith I know nothing els of their commodities and greatneſſe) and then EEBO page image 26 procéeding with the reaſt as they doe lie in order. Firſt of all therefore and ouer againſt Kiltan, (for I will go by the ſhore) we haue Karay, then Gegay, S. Machare, and hys neighbour, Langa, Suinnay, Dunqu, Corſey Leawing, Cewil, Nawell, Caerbery, Liſ|more, & Muke, which lyeth at the very point, of Andermouth, ouer againſt Mere [...]ourtene in all. From hence going weſtwarde, wée come to the Terry and the Coll, and then en|tring in among the reaſt, by Earndeburge, Vlwaye, or Oronſay, Cola [...]ſay, & Iona minor we come at the laſt to Scarbo, Corebricken, Houell, al which thus mencioned, of the leaſt are counted y^e greateſt, & yet there are ſundry other, of whoſe names I haue no knowledge. In thys tracte alſo, there are yet thrée to in|treate of,Ila. as Ila, Iona & Mula, of which the firſt is one of the moſt, that hath not bene leaſt ac|counted of. It is not much aboue 30 myles in length, & twenty in breadth, & yet it is an ex|céeding riche plot of grounde very plenteous of corne, but more ful of mettals, which were eaſie to be obteyned, if either the people were induſtrious, or the ſoyle yéeldable of woode to fine and trye out the ſame.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Iona. Iona was ſometime called Columkill, In fame and eſtimation, nothing inferiour to any of the other, although in length it excéede little aboue twentie myles, and in breadth, 10. for by reaſon of a famous Abbie ſomtime buylded there by Fergus the ſeconde, it hath bene countenaunced out by the ſepulchres of ſo many kings, as deceaſed in Scotlãd, after the ſayde Fergus, vntil the tyme of Malcoline Cammor, who by buylding another Abbey, at Dunfermeling, gaue occaſion to hys ſuc|ceſſours to be interred there.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Mula. Mula is a ryght noble Iſle, repleniſhed wyth dyuers and ſundry townes, and caſtels, as are alſo the other two, albeit their names at thys tyme be not at hand & ready. This yet is worth the noting in this Iſlande aboue all the reſt, that it hath a pleaſant ſpring, ariſing two myles in diſtaunce from the ſhore, wher|in are certayne lyttle egges founde, much like vnto indifferent Pearles, both for colour and bryghtneſſe, and thereto full of thicke hu|mour, which egges being carried by violence of y^e freſh water, vnto the ſalt, are there with|in the ſpace of 12, houres conuerted into great ſhelles, which I take to be the mother pearle except I be deceyued. And thus much brief|lye of the ſeauen and twentye greateſt Iſles, lying within the aforeſayde compaſſe, be|ing driuen of force to omitte the leſſer onely, for that I neyther fynd theyr names, among the Scottiſhe writers, neyther to ſaye the truth directlye vnderſtande howe manye be flattes, and howe manye be couered with graſſe: To procéede therefore by north of An|dermouth we haue Egge, Ron, Cãnay, Flad, Trantneſſe, (where is a caſtell,) Trant, Al|tauecke, another Flad, Rona, and Scalpa, beſide ſundrye ſmaller, whoſe names I doe not knowe, & all theſe doe enuyron the grea|teſt of all, called Sky,Skye. in which are dyuers townes, as Aye, S. Iohns, Dunwegen, and S. Nicholas, beſide other, and thereunto ſun|dry lakes, and freſhe ſtreames, and thoſe not withoute great abundaunce of Samon and ſundry other fiſhe, whereby the inhabitaunts of thoſe partes doe reape no ſmall aduaun|tage. Furthermore & by weſt of theſe lye di|uers other percels alſo of this number, of which, if you looke to here an orderly reporte you ſhall vnderſtande that I will beginne at the moſt ſoutherly of them, and ſo procéede, with eche one in order, ſo well as my know|ledg doth ſerue me. Firſt of al therfore, there are foure little Iſlandes, of which one called Erth, another Scail are y^e greateſt.Erth. Scaill. Bawa [...] S. Pete [...] Iſle. Hirth [...] Euſt. Next vn|to theſe and directly towarde the north lyeth Baway, then S. Peters Iſle, in the eaſt ſide, whereof are thrée ſmall ones, whoſe names I haue not yet learned. Next of al is the Euſt or Hirtha, which ſéemeth by certaine riuers, to be deuided into four partes, of which the the firſt hath a towne called S. Columbanes in y^e north ſide thereof, y^e ſecond another dedi|cated to S. Mary, & the fourth (for I find no|thing of y^e third) one named after S. Patricke, by weſt wherof, lyeth yet a leſſe, not greatly frequẽted of any. By north of this alſo are 3. other, of lyke quantity, and then followeth Lewis, ſcituate in the Deucalidon ſea,Lewis called Thule [...] Tacitus with [...] better [...] thoriti [...] then he named [...]tgleſey [...]na. ouer a|gainſt the Roſſe, and called Thule, by Taci|tus, wherein are many lakes, and very pret|tye Villages, as lake Erwijn, lake Vnſal|ſago: but of townes, S. Clements, Stoye, Noys, S. Colombane, Radmach &c. About thys are alſo diuers other Iſles, of leſſe quã|titye found, as Scalpay, Ilen, Schent, Bar|ray the more, Barraye the leſſe, S. Kylder, & other of ſmaller reputation, wherof the moſt parte are voyde of culture and inhabitantes, and therefore not worthye to be remembred here. This finallye is left to be ſayd of theſe Iſles, that albeit Leuiſſa, be the greateſt of them, and conteyning thréeſcore myles, in length, and thirtie in breadth, yet Hirtha, or Hirth, is the moſt famous, for the ſhéepe which are there bredde, and is therefore cal|led Shepy of the wylde Iryſhe. Certes, the ſtature of theſe ſhéepe is greater and higher, thẽ of any fallowe déere, their tailes hanging downe to the grounde, and their hornes lon|ger & thicker then thoſe of any Bugle. Vnto EEBO page image 18 thys Iſlande alſo in the Moneth of Iune; (when the ſeas be moſt calme) there com|meth a Prieſt out of Lewiſſa, & minyſtreth the ſacramẽt of Baptiſme to all ſuch childrẽ as haue béene borne there, and the Iſlandes about ſith that moneth in the yeare paſſed. This being done, and his appointed num|ber of Maſſes ſaide, he receyueth the tythes of all theyr commodities, and then returneth home againe the ſame way he came.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 [...]na. Rona the laſt of the Hebrides, is dyſtant, as I ſaide, about fouretie mile from the Or|chades, and one hundredth and thirtye, from the Promontorye of Dungiſbe. The coaſt of thys Iſle is dayly repleniſhed with Seale, and Porpaſſe, which are eyther ſo tame, or ſo fierce, that they abaſh not at the ſight of ſuch as looke vpon them, neyther make they any haſte to flye out of theyr preſence. Aboue the Hirth alſo is another Iſlande, though not inhabited, wherin is a certeine kind of wilde beaſte, not much different frõ the figure of a ſhéepe, but ſo wilde that it will not eaſilye be tamed. For theyr gry [...]ning alſo they are re|puted to be a kynde of baſtarde Tyger. As for theyr heaire it is betweene the wooll of a ſhéepe, and heaire of a goate, ſomewhat re|ſembling eche, ſhacked, and yet abſolutely like vnto neyther of both.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 [...] Shot [...] IſlesThere are alſo other Iſles, an hundreth myles beyond the Orchades, towarde eaſt northeaſt, and ſubiect to ſcotlande, wherin is neyther corne, nor anye vſe of fleſh, although they haue ſtore of ſundrye ſortes of cattell a|mongſt them. But in ſtead of bread, they drie a kinde of fiſhe, which they beate in morters to powder, and bake it in theyr Ouens, vntill it be hearde and drye. Theyr fewell alſo is of ſuch bones as the fiſhe yéeldeth that is taken on theyr coaſtes, and yet they lyue as themſelues ſuppoſe in much felicitie, think|ing it a great péece of theyr happyneſſe to bée ſo farre diſtaunt from the wicked aua rice, & cruell dealings of the world. As for theyr ry|ches and commodities, they al conſiſt in the ſkinnes of beſtes, as of Oxẽ, Shéepe, Gotes, Marternes, and ſuch like, wherof they make great reconing. Herin alſo they are lyke vn|to y^e Hirthiens; in y^t at one time of the yeare, there commeth a prieſt vnto them, out of the Orchades (vnto which Iuriſdiction they doe belong) who Baptiſeth all ſuch children, as haue bene borne among them, ſith he laſt ar|riued: and hauing afterward remained there for a few dayes, he taketh his tythes of them (which they prouide & pay with great ſerupu|loſitie in fiſhe, for of other commodities pay they none) and then returneth home againe, not without boaſt of his troubleſome voyage, except he watch his time. In theſe Iſles alſo is great plẽty of fine Amber to be had, which is producted by the working of the ſea, vpon th [...]ſe coaſtes: howbeit, after what name theſe Iſles be called particulerly and how many there be of them in all, the Scottes themſel|ues are eyther ignoraunt, or not ſo diligent, as to make any conſtant mention.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 The Orchades, lie partly in the Germaine,Orchades. and partly in the Calidon ſeas, ouer agaynſt the poynt of Dunghiſby, beyng in number, thirtie one of name, & belonging to y^e crowne of Scotlande, as are the reaſt whereof here tofore I haue made report, ſince we croſſed ouer the mouth of the Solueie ſtreame, to come into this countrye. Certes the people of theſe Iſlands are of goodly ſtature, tall, ve|rye comelye, healthfull, of long lyfe, great ſtrength, and moſt whyte coulour: and yet they féede moſt vpon fiſhe onely, ſith the cold is ſo extréeme in thoſe parts, that the ground bringeth forth but ſmal ſtore of Wheate, & in maner very litle or no fewell at al, to warme them in the winter. Otes they haue verye plentifull, but greater ſtore of Barly, wher|of they make a nappye kinde of drinke, and ſuch in déede, as will verye readilye cauſe a ſtrãger to forget himſelf. Howbeit this may be vnto vs, a in lieu of a myracle, y^t although theyr drinke be neuer ſo ſtrong, & they them|ſelues ſo immeaſurable drinkers (as none are more) yet it ſhal not eaſily be ſéene, that there is any drunckarde among them, either fran|tike, or madde mã, dolt, or natural foole, méete to were a cockeſcomb. In like ſort they want venemous beaſtes, chiefly ſuch as doe delyte in hotter ſoile. Theyr Ewes alſo are ſo full of increaſe, that ſome doe vſuallye bring foorth two, thrée, or foure lambes at once, whereby they account our anclings (which are ſuch as bring foorth but one at once) rather to be bar|ren then kept for any gaine. As for wyld and tame fowles, they haue ſuch plentie of them, that the people there account them rather a burthen to theyr ſoyle, then a benefite to their tables. There is alſo a Biſhop of the Orcha|des, who hath his Sie, in Pomonia the chiefe of al the Iſlands, wherin alſo are two ſtrong caſtelles,☜ and ſuch hath béen the ſuperſticion of the people here, that there is almoſt no one of them, that hath not one church at the leaſt dedicated to the moother of Chriſt. Finallye there is little vſe of Phiſicke in theſe quar|ters, leſſe ſtore of Eles, and leaſt of frogges. As for y^e horſes that are bred amongſt them, they are commonlye not much greater then Aſſes, and yet to labour and trauaile, a man ſhall finde very fewe elſewhere, able to come néere, much leſſe to matche with them, in EEBO page image 27 holding out their labours.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From the Orchades vntill we come ſouth|wardes to the Scarre, which lyeth in Buqu|hamneſſe, I finde no mention of any Iſle ſci|tuate vpon that coaſt, neyther greatly from thence, vntill we come at the forth, that lea|deth vp to Sterling, wherein we paſſe by ſe|uen or eyght ſuch as they be, of which the firſt called the May, the ſeconde Baas and Gar|wy, the third doe ſéeme to be inhabited. From theſe alſo holding on our courſe towarde En|gland, we paſſe by another yle, wherin Faux caſtell ſtandeth, and this ſo farre as my ſkill ſerueth is the laſt Iſland of the Scottiſh ſide, in compaſſing whereof I am not able to diſ|cerne, whether their flattes and ſhallowes, number of Iſlandes without name, confuſion of ſcituation, lacke of true deſcriptiõ, or mine owne ignoraunce hath troubled me moſt. No marueyle therefore that I haue béene ſo oft on ground, among them. But moſt ioyful am I y^t am come home againe: & although not by y^e Thames mouth into my natiue citie (whi|che taketh his name of Troye) yet into y^e En|gliſhe dominion where good entertaynement is much more franke and copious, and better harborow, wherein to reſt my wery bones, & eaſily refreſhe my wetherbeaten carkaſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 The firſt Iſland therfore, which commeth to our ſight, after we paſſed Barwuc, is that which was ſometime called Lindefarne,Lindeſ|farne or holy Iland but now Holly Iſlande, and contayneth 8. myles a place much honoured among our Monaſti|call writers, bycauſe diuers monkes & Here|mites dyd ſpende theyr times therein. There was alſo the Byſhoppes Sée of Lindefarne, for a long ſeaſon, which afterwarde was trã|ſlated to Dunelme or Durham. Next vnto this is the Iſle of Farne,Farne. and herein is a place of defence ſo farre as I remember, & ſo great ſtore of Egges layed there by diuers kindes of Wildfoule in time of the yere, that a man ſhall hardly runne for a wager on the plaine groũd without the breach of many be|fore his race be finiſhed.Puffins. About Farne alſo lie certayne yles greater then Farne it ſelf, but voyde of inhabitaunts & in theſe alſo is great ſtore of Puffins, graie as Duckes, and with|out couloured fethers, ſauing that they haue a white ring round about their neckes. There is moreouer another Birde, which the peo|ple call ſainct Cuthbertes foules, a very tame and gentle creature,S. Cuth|bertes foules. and eaſie to be taken. Af|ter this we came to the Cocket Iſlãd, ſo cal|led bycauſe it lyeth ouer agaynſt the fall of cocke water. And here is a vayne of meane ſeacole, which the people digge out of the ſhore at the low water. And from thence vn|till we came vnto the coſt of Norfolke I ſaw no mo Iſlands. Being therefore paſt S. Ed|monds point, we ſaw a litle Iſle ouer againſt the fall of the water that commeth frõ Holk|ham, and likewyſe an other ouer againſt the Clay, before we came at Waburne hope: the thirde alſo in Yarmouth ryuer ouer agaynſt Bradwell a towne in low or little England, wherof alſo I muſt néedes ſay ſomewhat, by|cauſe it is in maner an Iſland, and as I geſſe eyther hath béene or may be one, for the bro|deſt place of the Strict lande that leadeth to the ſame, it little aboue a quarter of a myle, which againſt the raging waues of the ſea, can make but ſmal reſiſtence.Litle [...]|land. Litle England or low Englande therefore is about 8. miles in length and foure in bredth, very well re|pleniſhed with townes, as Friſtan, Burgh caſtel, Olton, Flixtõ, Leſtoft, Gu [...]tõ, Blund|ſton, Corton, Lownd, Aſheby, Hoxton, Bel|ton, Bradwel, & Gorleſton, and beſide this it is very fruitfull and indued with all commo|dities. Going forwarde from hence, by the Eſtonneſſe (almoſt an Iſlande,) I ſawe a ſmall percell cut from the maine in Orforde hauen, y^e Langerſtone in Orwell mouth, two péeces or Iſlettes at Cattywade Bridge, thẽ caſting about vnto y^e Colne, we beholde Mer|ſey which is a pretie Iſlande, well furniſhed with wood. It was ſomtime a great recepta|cle for the Danes, when they inuaded En|glande, howbeit at this preſent it hath beſide two decaied Blockhouſes, two Pariſh chur|ches of wich one is called Eaſt Merſey, the other weſt Merſey & both vnder the Archdea|con of Colcheſter as percell of his iuriſdictiõ,Fowl [...] Fowlneſſe is an Iſle voyde of wood, & yet wel repleniſhed with very good graſſe for nette and ſhéepe, whereof the inhabitaunts haue great plentie: there is alſo a Pariſh church, and albeit that it ſtande ſomewhat diſtaunt from the ſhore, yet at a dead low water a man ryde thereto if he be ſkilfull of the Cawſie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In Maldon water are in lyke sorte three Islands, enuironned with the salt streames, Ouſcy. North [...] as S. Osithes, Northey and another (after a mershe) that beareth no name so far as I remember. On the right hand also as we went toward the sea againe, we saw Ramsey Isle, Ramſey or rather a Peninsula or Bylande, Key. and likewyse the Key, in which is a Chappell of S. Peter. And then coasting upo(n) the mouth of y^e Bourne, we saw y^e Wallot Isle & his mates, wherof two lye by East of Wallot, and the forth is foulnesse, excepte I be deceyued, for here my memorye fayleth me, on the one side and information on the other, I meane co(n)cerning y^e placing of foulnesse. But to proceede, after this and being entered into the Thames mouth, I finde no Islande of anye name, EEBO page image 19 name, except you accompt Rochford hundred for one, whereof I have no mind to entreate, more then of Crowland, Mersland, Ely, and the reast, that are framed by the Ouze and Avon (two noble riuers herafter to be described) sith I tonch [sic] only those that are enuironed with the sea, or salt water rounde about, as wee may see in the Canway Isles, [...]anway. which some doe liken to an Ipocrase bag, some to a vice, skrew, or wide sleeue, bycause they are very small at the east end, and large at west. The salte rilles also that crosse the same doe so seperate the one of them fro(m) the other, that they resemble the slope course of the cutting part of a skrew or gimlet, in very perfite maner, if a man doe imagine himselfe to looke downe from the top of the mast uppon them. Betweene these, moreouer and the Leighe towne lyeth another little Isle, whose name is to me unknowen. Certes I woulde haue gone to lande and viewed these percelles as they lay, but forasmuch as a Perry of winde (scarce co(m)parable to the makerell gale wherof Iohn Anele, one of the best seame(n) that england euer bredde, was woonte to talke) caught holde of our sayles, and caryed us foorth the right way toward London, I coulde not tary to see what thinges were hereabouts. Thus much therefore of our Islandes, and so much may well suffice.