5.74. Careticus or Caretius K. of Brita [...]n.
Careticus or Caretius K. of Brita [...]n.
[figure appears here on page 143]
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1 AFter that Malgo or
Maglocune was de|parted this lyfe,Careti|cus. one
Careticus (or as ſome write hym Caretius) was made Kyng of the Britons and
began his Reigne in the yeare of our Lorde .586 whiche was in the thyrde
yeare of the Emperoure Mauritius and thirteenth of Chilperike king of
Fraunce.586.
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1 This Careticus was a
noriſher of ciuill reacte and diſcention amongſt his own people the
Bri|tons, ſo that he was hated doth of god and man as writers teſtifye.
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1 The Saxons vnderſtanding
that the Britons were not of one mind; but deuided in partakings, ſo as one
was ready to deuore an other, they thought it good time for them to aduaunce
theyr conqueſts, and ſeaſed not to par [...]e the Britons by force and continuall warre till they had con|ſtrained
them for refuge to withdraw into Wa|les. And as ſome haue written,
Galf. Mon. See more of this Gurmun|d [...]s in Ireland. the Saxons meanyng to make a full conqueſt of
the lande, ſent ouer into Ireland, requiring one Gurmun|dus a kyng of the
A [...]ticanes to come ouer into Britayne to healpe them agaynſte the
Bry|taynes.Ranulf. Cest.
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1
EEBO page image 144This Gurmundus appoyntyng his brother Turgeſius to purſue
the conqueſt of Irelande, came and arriued here in Britayn, making ſuche
cruell warre in ayde of the Saxons agaynſt the Britons, that Careticus was
conſtreyned to keepe him within the citie of Ciceſter, or Ciren|ceſter,
[figure appears here on page 144] and was there beſieged, and at length by
continuall aſſaults and ſkirmiſhes, when he had loſt manie of his men, hee
was glad to forſake that citie, and fled into Wales
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1 Gourmonde tooke
Cirenceſter or Chicheſter, and deſtroyed it in moſte cruell manner. Some
write, that he tooke this citie by a policie of war, in bynding to the feet
of Sparrowes whiche his people had caught,
certaine clewes of threede or matches, finely wrought and tempred with
mat|ter readie to take fire, ſo that the Sparrowes be|ing ſuffered to goe
out of hande flewe into the towne to lodge them ſelues within their neſtes
whiche they had made in ſtackes of corne, and eues of houſes, ſo that the
towne was thereby ſet on fyre, and then the Brytons iſſuing foorth, foughte
with their enimies, and were ouercome and diſcomfited.
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1 But whyleſt the battayle
continued, Care|ticus ſtale away, and got him into Wales. Af|ter this, the
foreſayd Gurmonde deſtroyed thys lande throughout in pitifull wyſe, and then
de|liuered it in poſſeſſion to the Saxons, the whiche thankfully receiued it
and bicauſe they were de|ſcended of thoſe that firſte came ouer with
Hen|gul, they chaunged the name of the lande, and called it Hengiſtlande,
accordingly as the ſame Hengiſt had in tymes paſt ordeined: the whiche
name after for ſhortneſſe of ſpeeche
was ſome|what altered, and ſo laſtly called Englande, and the people
Engliſhmen.
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1 But rather it may be
thought, that ſith a great part of thoſe people whiche came ouer into thys
lande out of Germanie with the ſayde Engiſte, and other captaines, were of
theſe Engliſh men whiche inhabited Germanie, about the parties of Thoringhen
they called this land England, af|ter their name,Mat.
VV [...]
when they had firſt got habitatiõ within it: and ſo both the iande
and people tooke name of them, beeing called Angli long tyme before
they entered into this Iſle (as before is ſhewed out of Cornelius Tacitus
and others.) But nowe to returne where we lefte.
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1 Of this Gurmounde the
olde Engliſh wry|ters make no mention, nor alſo any aunciente authors of
foreyn parties: and yet ſayth the Bri|tiſh booke, that after he had
conquered this land, & giuẽ it to the Saxons he paſſed ouer into
Frãce, and there deſtroyed muche of that lande, as an enemy to the faith of
Chriſte: For whiche conſi|deration, he was the more ready to come to the
ayde of the Saxons, who as yet hadde not re|ceyued the Chriſtian fayth, but
warred againſt the Brytaynes, as well for ſo deſtroy the faith of Chryſte
within this lande, as to eſtablyſhe to them ſelues contynuall habitations in
the ſame.
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1 There bee, It should [...] that this [...]|rie of G [...] is h [...] ſome [...]ned [...]a [...]e [...] it may be [...] he vva [...]
[...] Dane, Nor|vvegi [...] of Germaine. that omittyng to make mention of Gurmounde,
write thus of the expulsing of the Brytaynes oute of this lande at that tyme
when wyth their king Careticus they got them into Wales.
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1 IN the yeare of grace.
586.586. Kareticus a lo|ner of ciuil war
ſucceded Malgo an enimie to God and to the Britons, whoſe inconſtan|cie when
the Engliſhe and Saxon kinges per|ceiued, with one conſent they roſe
againſte him,Mat. VVe [...]. and after many battails chaſed him from citie to citie,
till at lengthe encountring wyth him in a pight field, they droue him beyond
Seuerne into Wales. Herevpon clerks and prieſtes were dry|uen oute of theyr
places with brighte ſwoor [...]
EEBO page image 145 bran [...]iſhing in all partes, and fire crackling in Churches, wherewith the
ſame were conſumed. The remnante of the Britaynes therefore with|drew into
the Weſt partes of the land, that is to witte into Cornewale, and into
Wales, out of which countreys they oftentimes brake out, and made reyſes
vppon the Saxons, the whyche in manner aforeſayde, go [...]e poſſeſſion of the chiefeſt partes of the lande, leauing to the
Britaynes on|ly three prouinces, that is to witte, Cornewale, Southwales, and Northwales, which cou [...]e [...] were not eaſie to be wonne, by reaſon of the thick wooddes enui [...]oned with deepe mariſhes and wa|ters, & full of high craggy
rockes, & Mountaines.
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1
2 The Engliſh and Saxon
Kings hauing thus remooued the Britaynes, enlarged the boundes of their
dominions. There raigned in that ſeaſon within this land beſide the Britaine
Kings right Kings of the Engliſhe and Saxon nations, as Ethelbert in Kent,
Ciſſa in Suſſex, Crau [...]iue in Weſtſex, Credda or Crida in
Mercia, Erken|wine in Eſſex, Titila in Eſfangle, Elle in Dei|ra, and Alfrid
in Bernicia. In this ſort the Bri|taynes loſt the poſſeſſion of the more
part of theyr auntiente ſeates, and the faithe of Chriſt thereby was greatly
decayed: for the Churches were de|ſtroyed, & the Archbiſhops of
Caerleon Arwſke, London, and Yorke, withdrewe togither with their Cleargie
into the Mountaynes and woods within Wales, taking with them the relikes of
Saintes for doubt the ſame ſhoulde be
deſtroyed by the enimies, and thẽſelues put to deathe if they ſhould abide
in their olde habitations. Many alſo fled into Britaine Armorike with a
greate fleete of Shippes, ſo that the whole Church or congre|gation (as yee
may call it) of the two prouinces, Loegria and Northumberland, was left
deſolate in that ſeaſon, to the great hinderance and decay of the Chriſtian
Religion. Careticus was driuẽ into Wales (as before is rehearſed) about the
ſe|cond or third yeare of his raigne, and
there conti|nued with his Britaines, the which ceaſſed not to endomage the
Saxons from time to time as oc|caſiõ ſerued. But heere is to be noted, that
ye Bri|tanes being thus remoued into Wales & Corne|wall, were
gouerned afterwardes by three kings, or rather Tirants, the which ceaſſed
not with ci|uill warre to ſeeke eache others deſtruction, till fi|nally as
ſayth the Brittiſh booke, they became all ſubiect vnto Cadwallo, whome Bede
nameth Cedwallo.VVil.
Mal. In ye mean time, Ciaulinus or Cheu|ling King of the Weſt
Saxons, through hys owne miſgouernance and tyrannie whiche to|wardes his
latter dayes hee practiſed, did procure not only the Britaines, but alſo his
own ſubiects to conſpire his deathe, ſo that ioyning in battell with his
aduerſaries at Wodeneſdic in the .3 [...]. yere of his raigne, his army was diſcomfited, and he himſelfe
conſtreyned to departe into exile, and ſhortly after ended his life before
he coulde fynde meanes to be reſtored.
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1
2
3
[figure appears here on page 145] AFter this Chevling,Celric. his Nephewe Celri|cus or Ceolric that was ſonne vnto
Cutw [...] ye ſonne of the foreſayde Cheuling, raigned as Kyng ouer the Weſt
Saxons fiue yeares fiue monethes. In like man|ner the ſame yeare dyed Ella
or Alla Kyng of Northum [...]erland, after [...] ſucceeded [...] the ſonne of Ida, & raigned but fiue yeares, being a man well
ſtept into age before he came to be King. About three yeares after this, the
Sax|ons and Britaines fought a battel at Wode [...]| [...]ourne, where the Britaynes beeing [...] in good order, the Saxons ſet vpon them [...] in|deede, but diſordredly, ſo that the victory remay|ned with the
Britaynes. The Saxons the [...] valiant they had ſhewed themſelues in battel be|fore that time, ſo
much the more ſlowe and vnto|wardly did they ſhewe themſelues nowe in
run|ning away to ſaue themſelues, ſo that an huge [...]umber of them were ſlayne. Alſo about ye ſame time dyed Crida King of
Mertia vz. 594.594 after whome his ſonne Wi [...]as or Wipha ſucceeded. And after the deceſſe of Ethelrike, one
Edelfert or Edelfride ſurnamed the wilde, ſucceeded in go|uernement of the
Northumbers. But to returne to our purpoſe. Ethelbert King of Kent not
diſ|couraged with the euill chance whiche hapned in the beginning, but
rather occaſioned thereby to learne more experience in feates of warre,Beda. VVil. Mal. prooued ſo perfect a maſter therein,
that in proceſſe of time hee ſubdued by force of armes all thoſe Engliſhe
Saxons whiche lay betwixte the boundes of hys countrey, and the Riuer of
Humder. Alſo to haue friendſhip inforraine partes, he procured a Wife for
himſelfe of the French nation, named the La|dy Bertha, being King
Cheribertes daughter of France, but with condition that he ſhould per|mit
hir to continue and vſe the rites and lawes of the Chriſtian faith and
Religion, and to haue a Biſhop whoſe name was Luydhard, appoynted to come
and remayne with hir here in this lande for hir better inſtructiõ in the
lawes of the Lorde ſo that they two with other of the French nation that
came ouer with them remaining in ye Court and vſing to ſerue God in prayers
and otherwiſe according to the cuſtome of the Chriſtian Reli|gion, began
vndoubtedly to giue light to ye kings mind as yet darkned with the
Cloude [...] of [...]|niſme, ſo as the bright beames of ye [...] all [...]|neſſe of vnderſtanding remoued the thicke [...]
EEBO page image 146 of his vnbeleeſt in proceſſe of time, and prepared his
hart to the receyuing of the Goſpell, which af|ter by heauenly prouidẽce
was preached to him, by occaſion,Beda. Mat. VVeſt. hath.
596.
and in manner as followeth. In the yeare of our Lord. 596. which was
about the .14. yeare of the raigne of the Emperour Mauritius, and after the
comming of the Engliſh Saxons into this land,47. hath the
ſame Author. about an hundred and. 47. yeares almoſt complete, the
Biſhop of Rome, Grego|ry ye firſt of that name, and ſurnamed Magnus,
ſe [...]e Auguſtinus a Monke, with other learned men into this Iſle to preach
the Chriſtian faythe vnto the Engliſh Saxons, whiche nation as yet ha [...] not receyued the Goſpell.
[figure appears here on page 146]
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1
2
3
Beda. VV. Mal.It is recorded by diuers writers,
that the firſte occaſion whereby Gregory was moued thus to ſend Auguſtine
into this lãd, roſe by this meanes: It chanted whileſt the ſame Gregory was
as yet but Archdeacon of the Sea of Rome, certayne yong boyes were brought
thither to be ſolde out of Northumberland, according to the cuſtomable vſe
of that countrey, in ſo muche that as we haue in our time ſeene (ſaith Wil.
Mal.) the people of that prouince haue not yet doubted to ſell away
their neere kinſfolke for a ſmall
price. Whẽ thoſe children whiche at that time were brought from thence to
Rome, had by reaſon of their excellente beauties and comely ſhape of limmes
and body, turned the eyes in manner of all the Citizens to the beholding of
them, it fortuned that Gregory alſo came amongſt other to beholde them, and
when hee conſidered and well viewed their fayre ſkinnes,Vita Gregorij magni. their ſweete viſages, and beautifull
buſ|ſhes of their bright and yellow heares, be deman|ded out of what region or land they came, vnto whome aunſwere
was made, that they were brought out of Britayne, the inhabitants of whi|che
countrey were of the like beautifull aſpect: thẽ he aſked whether the men
of that countrey were Chriſtians, or as yet entangled with blinde hea|the
[...]i [...]h errors, wherevnto it was aunſwered, that they were not chriſtned,
but followed the Reli|gion of the Gentiles, whereat Gregory fet [...]hyng [...] a deepe ſigh, ſayd: oh alas that the author of dark|neſſe doth as yet
poſſeſſe n [...] of ſo brightſome coũ|tenances, & that with the grace of
ſuche faire ſhi|ning viſages, they beare about minds voyde of in|ward grace.
He demanded againe by what name ye people were called, & anſwere
was made, yt they wer called Angli, that is to ſay Engliſhmẽ. And
worthily (ſaith he) for they haue angels faces, and ſuch as ought to be made
fellow heires with An|gels in Heauen. Then aſked he ye name of ye
pro|uince frõ whẽce they were brought, & it was tolde him they
were of Deira. It is well ſayd hee, they are to be deliuered de
ira dei, that is to ſay, from the ire and wrath of God, &
called to the mercy of Chriſt our Lord. What name (ſayde he) hath the King
of that prouince, wherevnto anſwere was made that he was called
Alla, whervpõ alluding to ye name, he ſaid, that
Alleluia ought to be ſong in thoſe partes to the praiſe
& honor of God ye cre|ator. And herevpõ comming to Benedict the
firſt of ye name as then Biſhop of Rome,Pelagius the
ſeconde. VVil. M [...]. hee required him yt ſome learned mẽ might be ſent into
Eng|lãd to preach ye Goſpel vnto the Engliſhmẽ, offe|ring himſelfe to be
one of the number: but though Benedict was cõtented to graunt his
requeſt,Pelagius. yet ye Romanes had him in
ſuch eſtimatiõ that they would not cõſent yt he ſhould depart ſo farre
from ye citie, ſo that by thẽ he was at that time ſtayed of that his godly
purpoſe. But whẽ he came to be Biſhop, he thought to performe it, though
not by himſelf, yet by other: & ſo Auguſtine & his felowes
wer ſent by him about it (as before is ſayd,M.
Fox.) By the way as they were paſſing in their iourney, ſuch a
ſoddayne feare entred into their harts, that (as ſome write) they returned
all. Other write, that Auguſtine was ſent back to Gregory to ſue that they
might be releaſs;ed of that voyage ſo dã|gerous and vncertain amongſt ſuch
a barbarous people, whoſe language they neyther knewe, nor whoſe rudeneſſe
they wer able to reſiſt. Thẽ Gre|gory with pithie perſwaſions confirming
and cõ|forting him, ſente him againe with letters vnto the Biſhop of Arles,
willing him to help and ayd the ſayde Auſtine and his company in all what ſo
euer his neede required. Alſo other letters he di|rected by the foreſaide
Auſtine vnto hys fellowes, exhorting them to goe forewarde boldly in the
Lordes worke, as by the tenor of the ſayde E|piſtle heere following may
appeare.
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1
Gregorius ſeruus ſeruorum Dei Domini nostre Quia melius fueratbona non
incipere quà [...]ab ijs quae cepta ſunt cogitatione retrorſum redire.
&c. In Engliſh, Gregory the ſeruant of Gods ſer|uauntes,
to the ſeruantes of oure Lorde. For as muche as it is better not to
take good thyngs in hande, than after they bee begunne, to thynke to reuolte
backe from the ſame agayne, therefore EEBO page image 147 now you may not nor
cannot (deere children) but with all feruente ſtudie and labour muſt needes
goe forwarde in that good buſineſſe, whiche tho|rough the helpe of God you
haue well begunne. Neyther let the labour of youre iourney, nor the
ſlaunderous tongues of men apall you, but that with all inſtance and
feruencie yeẽ proceede and accompliſh the thing which the Lord hath
ordey|ned you to take in hãd, knowing that your great trauell ſhall be
recompenſed with reward of grea|ter glory
hereafter to come. Therefore as we ſend heere Auſtin to you agayne, whome
alſo we haue ordeyned to be your gouernoure, ſo do you hum|bly obey him in
all things, knowing that it ſhall be profitable for your ſoules what ſoeuer
at hys admonitiõ ye ſhall doe. Almighty God with hys grace defende you, and
graunt me to ſee in the e|ternall countrey the fruite of your labour, that
al|though I cannot labour in the ſame felowſhippe with you togither, the
Lorde God keepe you ſafe moſt deere and
welbeloued children. Dated the tenth before the Calẽdes of Auguſt, in the
raigne of our ſoueraigne Lorde Mauritius moſt vertu|ous Emperour, the
fourteenth of his Empire.
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1 Thus they [...] loued and comforted through the good wordes and wholeſome exhortation
of Gregory, ſet forward agayne, and ſpeeding forth their iourney, they firſt
arriued at ye [...] Tha|net in Kente in the moneth of Iuly, being in nũ|ber about fortie
perſons, of the whiche dyuers were interpreters whom they brought with them
out of Fraunce. Theſe they ſente vnto King E|thelbert, ſignifying to him the
occaſion of theyr comming, who hearing the meſſengers within a fewe dayes
after, went into that Iſle, and there abrode out of any houſe ſate downe,
and cauſed Auguſtine and hys fellowes to come before him, for he would not
come vnder any roofe with thẽ, ſore doubting to bee bewitched by them,
beeyng perſwaded that they were practiſed in nigromã|cie. But they comming
to him, not by the power of the Deuill (as they ſayd) but by the myght and
power of Almightie God, bearing in ſteede of a banner a Croſſe of
ſyluer,The ſeuen|fold Letanies of S. Gregory were not
yet deuiſed. and an Image of our Lord & Sauioure paynted
in a Table, & thereto ſinging ye Letanies, made interceſſiõ vnto
the L. for the euerlaſting preſeruation of themſelues, & of all them
for whome and to whome they came.
[figure appears here on page 147]
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1
2
3
4
5 And when they being ſet
downe by commã|dement of the King, had preached the worde of life to him
and to all thoſe that came thither with him, he made them this anſwere, that
their words and promiſes were good: but for as much as the ſame were new and
vncertayne to him that had bin brought vp in the contrary doctrine, he could
not raſhly aſſent to their admonitions,
and leaue that beleefe which he and the Engliſh nation had ſo long a time
obſerued and kept: but (ſayd he) by|cauſe ye haue trauelled farre to the
intent to make vs partakers of thoſe things whiche ye beleeue to bee moſt
true and perfecte, wee will thus muche graunt vnto you, that yee ſhall bee
receyued into this countrey, and haue herbrough with thyngs ſufficient found
vnto you for your mayntenance and ſuſtentation neither will we hinder you,
but yt ye may by Preaching aſſociat & ioyne as many of our
ſubiectes as ye can vnto your law and be|liefe. They had therefore aſſigned
vnto them a place to lodge in within the City of Canterbury, which was ye
head citie of al his dominion. It is ſaid yt as they approched ye citie
according to their manner, they had a croſſe borne afore them, with an image
of our Lorde Ieſus Chriſte, and they followed in ſinging this Letany:
Deprecamur te Domine in omni miſericordiae tua, ot auferatur fu|ror
tuus & ira tua à ciuitate iſta & de domo San|cta tua,
quoniã peccauimus alleluya. That is to ſay VVe beſech the O
Lord in al thy mercy that thy EEBO page image 148 fury and wrath may be
taken from this citie, and from thy holy [...] wee haue ſynned. Prayſe be to thee oh Lorde. After they were
re|ceyued into Canterbury, [...]hey began to followe the trade of lyfe whiche the Apoſtles vſed in the
primatiue Churche,Beda. Mat. VVeſt. that is to
witte, exerciſing themſelues in continuall prayer, watching, fa|ſting, and
in preaching the worde to as many as they coulde, deſpiſing all worldly
pleaſures, as not apperteyning to them, receyuing onely (of them whome they taughte) thyngs that ſeemed
neceſſary for the ſuſtenance of their life, and liuing in all poyntes
according to the doctrine whyche they ſet foorthe, hauing theyr mindes ready
to ſuffer in patience all aduerſities what ſo euer, yea and death it ſelfe,
for the confirming of that whi|che they nowe preached.The
Chriſtian faith receyued of the Eng|liſhmen. Heerevppon, many of
the Engliſhe people beleeued and were baptiſed, hauing in greate reuerence
the ſimplicitie of the innocente liues of thoſe men, and the ſweeteneſſe
of their heauenly doctrine. There was a
Churche neere to the Citie on the Eaſt parte thereof dedi|cated in the honor
of Saint Martine, and buyly+ded of old time whileſt the Romaynes as [...]|habited Britayne, in the whiche the Quéene [...]|ing (as we haue ſayd) a Chriſtian, vſed to make hir prayers. To this
Churche Auſtine and hys fellowes at their firſt comming accuſtomed to
re|ſorte, and there to ſing, to pray, to ſay Maſſe, to preach and to
baptiſe, till at length the Kyng be|ing conuerted, graunted them licence to
preache in euery place, and to buylde and reſtore? Chur|ches where they
thought good. After that ye King being perſwaded by their doctrine, good
examples giuing, and diuers miracles ſhewed, was once baptiſed, the people
in great number begã to giue eare vnto the Preaching of the Goſpell, and
re|nouncing their heatheniſh beleefe, became Chri|ſtians, in ſo much that as
Gregory remembreth,
Lib. 7. cap.
[...]
ther were baptiſed tenne thouſand perſons in one
[figure appears here on page 148] day, being the feaſt of the natiuitie of our Saui|our.
. [...]97.
[...]ndictione.
Policron But ſome write how thys ſhould chance
towarde the latter ende of Augu|ſtines dayes, after he was admitted to
preach the Goſpell amongſt them that inhabited about Yorke (as ſome write)
which affirme, that the ſaid number of tenne thouſande was baptiſed in the
Riuer of S [...]ale, whiche as William Harriſon ſayeth, cannot be verified, bycauſe of
the indiction and death of Gregory. But to procede: The king reioiced at the
conuerſion thus of his people, how|beit,
he would not force any man to be baptiſed, but only ſhewed by his
behauiour,Beda lib. 1. cap. 26.
& 27.
that be fauored thoſe that beleeued more than other, as fellowe
Citizens with him of the heauenly Kingdome: for he learned of them that had
inſtructed hym in the faith,Religion not to [...], but t [...]ughte and preached. that the obedience due to Chriſt oughte
not to be inforced, but to come of good wil. More|ouer, he prouided for
Auguſtine and his fellowes a conuenient place for their habitation within
the Citie of Canterbury, and further gaue them ne|ceſſary reuenewes in
poſſeſſion for their maynte|nance. After that the faith of Chriſte was thus
receyued of the Engliſhmen,Auguſtine ordeyned Archbiſhop
of the Engliſh nation. Auguſtine went in|to Fraunce, and there of
the Archbiſhop of At [...]s named Etherius, he was ordeined Archbiſhop of the Engliſhe nation,
according to the order pre|ſcribed by Gregorie before ye departure of the
ſaide Auguſtine frõ Rome. After his returne into Br [...]+tane, he ſent Laurẽce a Prieſt,Laurence a
Prieſt. & Peeter a Monke vnto Rome, to giue knowledge vnto
Gregory the Biſhop, howe the Engliſhmen had receyued the faith, and that hee
was ordeyned Archbiſhop of the land, according to that he had commaun|ded,
if the worke proſpered vnder his hande as it had done. He alſo required to
haue Gregories ad|uice touching certain ordinances to be made and obſerued
in the new Church of England: where|vpon EEBO page image 150 Gregory in
ſending backe the meſſengers wrote aunſwer vnto all his demaundes, and firſt
touching the conuerſation of Archbiſhops with ye Cleargie, and in what
forte the Churche goodes oughte to be employed, he declareth that the
aun|tient cuſtome of the Apoſtolike See was to giue commaundemente vnto
Biſhops ordeyned,
[...] reuenews [...]e Church [...]e deuided [...]. 4. partes. that the profytes & reuenewes of their
benefices ought to be deuided into foure partes, whereof the firſte ſhould
be appoynted to the Biſhop and his fami|ly
for the maynetenane [...] of hoſpitalitie: the ſecond ſhould be aſſigned to the Cleargie: the
thirde to be giuen to the poore: and the fourth to be employed vpon
repayring of temples. Alſo as touching the diuerſitie of cuſtomes in
Churches. And where in the Churche of Rome one cuſtome in ſaying of Ma [...] or ye Liturgie was obſerued,
[...]urgia. and an other cuſtome in France, concerning ſuch
Church ſer|uice.
[...]urch ſer| [...]e. Gregory aduiſed Auguſtine that if he found anye thing
either in the Churche of Rome, ey|ther in
the Churche of Fraunce, or in anye o|ther Churche whiche mighte moſt pleaſe
the al|mightie God, he ſhould diligently chooſe it foorth, and inſtruct the
Church of England (now beyng new) according to that forme whiche hee ſhoulde
gather foorth of the ſayd Churches: for the thyngs are not loued for the
places ſake, but the places for the things ſake.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3
[...]ch as did [...]eale.Alſo for the puniſhing of ſuche as had ſtol|len things
out of Churches, ſo neere as mighte bee,
the offender ſhoulde bee chaſtiſed in cha|ritie, ſo as he might know his
fault, and if it were poſſible, reſtore the thing taken away. Alſo as
touching degrees in mariages, Engliſhmẽ might take to their wiues,Marriages. women that touched them in the third and
fourth degree without reprehenſion, and if any vnlawfull marriages were
founde a|mongſt the Engliſhmẽ, as if the ſonne had mar|ried the fathers
wife, or the brother the brothers wife they ought to be warned in any wiſe
to ab|ſteyne, and vnderſtand it to be a
greeuous ſinne: yet ſhoulde they not for that thing be depriued of the
Communiõ of the body & bloud of our Lord, leaſt thoſe things mighte
ſeeme to be puniſhed in them wherein they had offended (before their
con|uerſion to the Chriſtian fayth) by ignorance:Diſcipline of [...]he Church. for at this ſeaſon ye Church (ſayth he)
correcteth ſome things of a feruente earneſtneſſe, ſuffereth ſome things of
a gẽtle mildneſſe, and diſſimuleth ſome things of a prudent conſideration,
and ſo beareth and diſſimuleth the ſame,
that oftentimes the e|uill which ſhe abhorreth by ſuch bearing and
diſ|ſimuling, is reſtreyned and reformed. Moreouer, touching the ordeyning
of Biſhops, hee woulde they ſhould be ſo placed, that the diſtance of place
mighte not bee a lette,Ordeyning of [...]iſhops. but that when a Biſhoppe ſhoulde bee conſecrated,
there mighte bee three or foure preſente.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Also touching the Bishoppes of Fraunce, hee willed Augustine in
no wise to intermeddle with them, otherwise than by exhortacion and good
admonitions to be giuen, but not to presume any thing by authority, sith the
Archbishop of Arles had receyued the Palle in tymes past, whose authoritie
hee mighte not deminishe, least he should seeme to put his sicle into
another mans haruest. But as for the Bishops of Britayne, he committed them
vnto him, that the vnlearned might be taught, the weake with wholesome
perswasions strengthned, Women with childe. and
the frowarde by authoritie reformed. Moreouer, that a woma(n) with childe
myghte bee Baptised, and shee that was deliuered after. 33. dayes of a man
childe, and after .46. days of a woman childe should be purified, but yet
myghte shee enter the Church before if she woulde.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2
3
4
5
6 The reſidue of Auguſtines
demaundes [...]
[...]u [...]i|ſ [...]ed in theſe poynts,Matters in queſtion a|bout
trifles. v [...] within what ſpa [...]
[...] ſhould be Chriſtened after it was borne for doubt to be preuẽted by
death alſo, within what [...] a man might company with his wife after ſhe was brought to bedde:
whether a woman hauing the floures, mighte enter the Churche or receyue the
Communion: alſo whether a man hauing com|panyed with hys Wife, might enter
the Churche, or receyue the Communion, before he was wa|ſhed with water. And
whether after polution by night in dreames, a man mighte receyue the
Cõ|munion: or if he were a Prieſt whether he might ſay Maſſe.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 To theſe queſtions
Gregory maketh aun|ſwere at full in the Booke and place before cit [...]d, which for breefeneſſe we paſſe ouer. He ſent al|ſo at that tyme
with the meſſengers aforeſayde at their returne into Englande dyuers learned
men to help Auguſtine in the harueſt of ye Lorde. The names of the cheefeſt
were theſe,Aſsiſtance to Auguſtine. The Pall.
Mellitus, Iuſtus, Paulinus, and Rufinianus. He ſente al|ſo the Palle whyche
is the ornament of an Arch|biſhop with veſſels and appartell whiche ſhoulde
be vſed in Churches by the Archbiſhop and other miniſters.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 He alſo ſente with the
Pall other letters vnto Auguſtine to lette hym vnderſtande what num|ber of
Biſhops hee woulde haue hym to ordeyne within this lande. Alſo after that
Mellitus, and the other before mentioned perſons were departed from Rome,
hee ſent a letter vnto the ſame Mel|litus, beeyng yet on his way towardes
Britayne, touching further matter concerning the Chur|ches of England,
wherein he confeſſeth that ma|ny thinges are permitted to bee vſed of the
peo|ple lately broughte from the errors of gentilitie, in keeping feaſtes on
the dedication dayes whi|che haue reſemblaunce with their olde
ſuper|ſtitious rytes of the Pagane Religion, for EEBO page image 150
to hard and obſtinate mindes (ſayth he) it is not poſſible to cutte away all
things at once,Bearing with them that had newly recey|ued
the fayth, whereof ſu|perſtition grewe and increaſed. for hee that
coueteth to the higheſt place, goeth vp by ſteppes and not by leapes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Alſo the ſame time,
Gregory did ſende letters vnto Auguſtine touching the miracles whych by
reporte he vnderſtoode were ſhewed by the ſame. Auguſtine,Miracles. counſelling him in no wiſe to glory in the ſame, but
rather in reioycing to feare, and conſider that God gaue him the gifte to
worke ſuche ſignes for the welth of them,
to whome hee was ſente to preach the Goſpell: he aduiſed hym therefore to
beware of vayne glory and preſump|tion, for the Diſciples of the trueth
(ſayth he) haue no ioy, but onely that which is common with all men, of
whyche there is no end, for not euery one that is elect worketh miracles,
but euery of the e|lect haue their names written in heauen.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Theſe letters, with the
other whiche Gregory ſent at this time vnto Auguſtine, were dated the
tenth day of the Calendes of Iuly, in
the yeare of oure Lord .602.602 whiche was the
nineteenth yeare of the Emperour Mauritius.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 Moreouer, he ſente moſt
curteous letters by theſe meſſengers vnto King Ethelberte, [...] whyche hee greatly commendeth him, in that he had receyued the
Chriſtian fayth, and exhorteth him to continue in that moſt holy ſtate of
life, whereby hee myghte worthyly looke for rewarde at the handes of
almighty God. But nowe to the doings of Auguſtine. We fynd,Beda. that after he was eſtabliſhed Archbiſhop, and
had his See appoyn|ted to him at Canterbury, he reſtored in that Ci|tie
another Church whiche had bin erected there in times paſt by certayne of the
Romaynes [...] were Chriſtians, and did dedicate the [...] in honor of Chriſt our Sauioure.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 He alſo began the
foundation of a Monaſtery without that Citie, ſtãding towarde the Eaſt, in
the whiche by his exhortation, King Ethelberte built a Churche euen from the
grounde, whiche was dedicated vnto the holy Apoſtles Peeter and Paule, in
the whiche the body of the ſayde Augu|ſtine was buried, and likewiſe the
bodies of all the Archbiſhops of Canterbury and Kings of Kent [...] of long time after.
[figure appears here on page 150]
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1 This Abbey was called
Saint Auſtines after his name,One Peeter was the firſt
Abbot. one Peeter being the firſt Abbot therof. The Churche there
was not conſecrated by Au|guſtine, but by his ſucceſſor Laurẽce after that
he was dead.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Moreouer, King Ethelbert
at the motion of Auguſtine builded a Church in the Citie of Lõ|don
(whiche he lately had conquered) and
dedica|ted it vnto Saint Paule: but whether he buylded or reſtored this
Church of Saint Paule it maye bee doubted, for there bee dyuers opinions of
the building thereof.Ran. Ceſtren. Some haue
written that it was firſte buylded by King Lud (as before is mentioned.)
Other agayne write, that it was builded afterwarde by Sigeberte King of the
Eaſt Saxons.Beda. Alſo Kyng Ethelberte buylded the
Churche of Saint Andrew in Rocheſter. I [...] is likewiſe remembred by writers,
Ran Ceſt. Weſtminſter Church [...]. that the ſame King Ethelberte procured a Citizen of London
to buyld a Church of Sainte Peeter without the Citie of London towarde the
Weſt in a place then called Thorney, that is to witte, the Iſle of Thornes,
& now is called Weſtminſter, though other haue written that it was
buylte by Lucius King of Britaine, or rather by Siberte Kyng of the Eaſt
Saxons. This Church was eyther newly builte or greatly enlarged by Kyng
Ed|warde ſurnamed the Confeſſor, and after that, the thirde Henry King of
England did make there a beautifull Monaſterie, and very richly EEBO page image 151 endowed the ſame with greate poſſeſſions and ſumptuous
iewels. The place was ouergrowen with vnderwooddes, as thornes and brembles
before that the Church was begun to be builded there in this King
Ethelbertes dayes.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus the fayth of Chriſt
being once begunne to bee receyued of the Engliſhmen, tooke won|derfull
increaſe within a ſhort time.Ran. Cest. Beda. Sigebertus.
an. 19. Mauri|cij imperato|ris.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
2 In the meane ſeaſon by
the help of King E|thelbert, Auguſtine cauſed a counſell to be called at a
place in the confynes of the Weſt Saxons, whiche place long after was called
Auſtynes Oke,A Synode. Auſtines oke. where he
procured the Biſhops or Doctors of the prouinces of the Britaines to come
before
[figure appears here on page 151] him.Galfrid. lib.
8 cap. 4.
Amongſt the Britaynes or Welchmen, Chriſtianite as yet remayned in
force, whyche from the Apoſtles time had neuer fayled in that nation. When Auguſtine came into this land, he
found in their prouinces ſeuen Biſhops Sees, and an Archbiſhops See, wherin
ſate right godly and moſt Religious Prelates, and many Ab|bots, in the which
the Lordes flocke kept their righte order: but bycauſe they differed in
obſer|uing the Feaſt of Eaſter, and other rites from the vſe of ye Romane
Church,Beda lib. 2. cap. 2.
Auguſtine thought it neceſſary to moue them to agree with hym in
vnitie of the ſame, but after long diſputation and reaſoning of thoſe matters, they could not be en|duced to
giue their aſſente in that behalfe. Augu|ſtine to prooue his opinion good,
wroughte a mi|racle in reſtoring ſight to one of the Saxon na|tion that was
blinde. The Britaynes that were preſente moued with this miracle,
confeſ|ſed, that it was the righte waye of Iuſtice and righteouſneſſe which
Auguſtine taught, but yet they ſayd that they might not forſake theyr
aun|cient cuſtomes withoute conſente and licence of their nation.Another Sinode.
Wherevppon, they required ano|ther Sinode to be holden, wherat a greater
num|ber of them myght be preſent. This being gran|ted, there came as it is
reported ſeuen Biſhops of the Britaynes and a greate number of learned
menne,The Mona|ſterie of Bangor. Abbot
Dio|noth. ſpecially of the famous Monaſterie of Bangor, whereof in
thoſe dayes one Dionoth was Abbot, the whiche as they wente towardes that
counſell, came firſt to a certaine wiſe man, whych lyued amongſt them an
Ankers life, and aſked his aduice whether they ought to forſake theyr
traditions at the Preaching of Auguſtine or not: who made thys aunſwere: If
he bee the man of God followe hym: then ſayde they: howe ſhall wee prooue
whether hee be ſo or not.The anſwer [...] of a godly man touching Auſtin the Engliſhmens Apoſtle.
Then ſayde hee: the Lorde ſayeth take vp my yoke and learne of mee, for I am
meeke and humble in harte: if Auguſtine bee humble and meeke in hart, it is
to be beleeued that hee alſo beareth the yoke of Chriſte, and offereth it to
you to beare, but if hee bee not meeke but proude, it is certayne that hee
is not of God, nor hys worde is not to bee regarded: And how ſhall wee
perceyue that (ſayde they?) Fynde meanes (ſayde he) that hee maye fyrſte
come to the place of the Synode with thoſe of hys ſyde, and if hee ariſe to
receyue you at your comming, then knowe that he is the ſeruaunt of God, and
obey him. But if hee de|ſpiſe you and ariſe not againſt you, where as you
bee more in number, lette him bee deſpi [...]e [...] of you.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 They did as he
commaunded, and it chanced, that when they came, they found Auguſtine
ſit|ting in his chaire: which whẽ they beheld,Three
things required by Auſtin of the Britaynes to be obſerued.
ſtraight wayes they conceyued an indignation, and [...]o|ting him of pride, laboured to reprooue all hys ſayings. He tolde
thẽ that they vſed many things contrary to the cuſtome of the vniuerſal
Church, and yet if in three things they woulde obey hym, EEBO page image 152 that is to witte, in keeping the feaſt of Eaſter in due
time, and miniſter Baptiſme according to the cuſtome of the Romaine Churche,
and preach to the Engliſhmen the word of life with him and his fellowes,
then would he be contented to ſuffer all other things paciently which they
did, though the ſame were contrary to the manners and cu|ſtomes of the
Romayne iuriſdiction. But they flatly denyed to do any of thoſe things, and
gaue a playne aunſwere that they woulde not receyue him for their Archbiſhoppe, for they laying theyr heads
togither thus thoughte, that if hee refuſed now to ryſe vnto vs, how much
the more will he contemne vs if we ſhould become ſubiect to him.Auſtine thret|neth. Vnto whome as it is ſayde
Auguſtine in threat|ning wiſe tolde them aforehande, that if they woulde not
receyue peace with their breethren, they ſhoulde receyue warre of the
enimies, and if they would not preach to the Engliſhmen ye way of life,
they ſhould ſuffer puniſhment by death at
the handes of them: whiche thing indeede after came to paſſe as in place
conueniente ſhall be ex|preſſed.
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1
604After this in the yeare of our Lorde .604. the
Archbiſhop Auguſtine ordeyned two Biſhops, that is to ſay,Biſhops ordei|ned at London and Rocheſter Mellitus at Londõ,
that he might preache the worde of God to the Eaſt Saxons, whiche were
deuided from them of Kente by the Riuer of Thames, and Iuſtus in the Citie
of Rocheſter within the limittes of Kent.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 AT that time Sabart
reigned ouer the Eaſt Saxons, but hee was ſubiect vnto Ethel|bert King of
Kent, whoſe Nephewe he was alſo by his ſiſter Ricula that was married vnto
king Sledda yt ſucceeded after E [...]chenwine ye firſt K. of ye Eaſt Saxons &, begate on hir this
Sabert yt receyued ye faith. After ye Auguſtine had ordeyned Mellitus to
be Biſhop of London, as before is ſayd, King Ethelbert builded (as ſome
write) the Churche of Sainte Paule within the ſame Ci|tie,The Church of Saint Paule builded where the ſame Mellitus and
his ſucceſſors might keepe their See. And alſo for the like pur|poſe he
builded the Church of Saint Androw the Apoſtle at Rocheſter, that Iuſtus and
his ſuc|ceſſors myghte haue theyr See in that place ac|cording to Auguſtines
inſtitution: hee beſtowed great giftes vpon both theſe Churches, endowing
them with lands and poſſeſſions very bountiful|ly to the vſe of them that
ſhould be attendante in the ſame with the Biſhops.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Ran. Ceſtr [...].Finally Auguſtine after hee had gouerned as Archbiſhop the
Churche of Canterburie by the ſpace of twelue yeares current, departed this
life the ſixe and twentith of May, and was buryed firſt without the Citie
neere to the Church of the Apoſtles Peeter and Paule (whereof mention is
made before) bicauſe the ſame Church as yet was not finiſhed nor dedicated,
but after it was dedi|cated, his body was broughte into the Churche, and
reuerently buried in the North Ile there.
[figure appears here on page 152]
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1 He ordeyned by his life
time Laurence to bee his ſucceſſor in the Sea of Canterbury, of whom yee
ſhall heare hereafter.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Thus haue ye heard in
what maner the Eng|liſhmen were firſt brought from the worſhipping of falſe
Goddes, and baptiſed in the name of the liuing God by the foreſayde
Auguſtine, as wee fynde in Beda and other writers, and nowe wee will returne
to other doyngs chancing in the meane tyme amongſt the people of thys
Iſle.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 AFfter the deceaſſe of
Chelricus Kyng of the Weſt Saxons,Mat. VVe [...]. hath. 34.
wee finde that Ceovulf or Ceoloulph ſucceeded in gouernmente of that
Kingdome, and raigned twelue yeares. Hee be|gan his raigne (as ſhould
appeare by ſome wri|ters)607. [...] VVeſt. hath. about the yeare of our Lord .597. and ſpente
EEBO page image 153 his time for the more part in warres, not
gyuing place to ydleneſſe, but ſeeking eyther to defende or enlarge the
confines of his dominion. He was the ſonne of Cutha, which was the ſon of
Ken|rike, that was the ſonne of Certike.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 AFter Wybba or Wypha king
of Mercia, (who nothing inferiour to his father, did not onely defend his
kingdome, but alſo enlarge it by ſubduing the Brytaynes on eche ſide) one
Ceor|lus ſucceeded in that kingdome, beeing not hys ſonne but his kinſman.
Compare 1587 edition:
1
Ceorlus king of Martia.
[figure appears here on page 153] THis Ceor|lus began his raigne a|boute the
yeare of oure Lorde 594. as Mat. Weſtm. recor|deth.594
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1
Beda. Edelferd.Yee haue
heard that E|delferde, whiche otherwiſe is cal+led alſo by writers
Edelfride, ſurnamed the wild, gouerned ſtill the Northumbers, whiche
Edel|ferde did more domage to the Brytaynes than a|ny one other king of the
Engliſh Nation. None of them deſtroyed theyr countreyes more than he did:
neyther did any Prince make mo of the Bry|taynes tributaries, or inhabited
more of theyr Countreys with Engliſh
people than he.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 Herevpon Edan king of
thoſe Scots which inhabited Brytayne, beeing therewith moued to ſee Edelferd
proſper thus in his conqueſtes, came agaynſt him with a mightie armie: but
ioyning in battaile with Edelferd and his power, at a place called
Degſaſtane, or Degſaſtone, or De|glaſton, he loſt the moſte part of his
people, and with the reſidue that were left aliue, he eſcaped by flight.
Compare 1587 edition:
1 This was a ſore foughten
battaile, wyth much bloudſhed on both parties. For notwith|ſtanding that the
victorie remayned with the Northumbers, Theodbaldus the brother of E|delferd
was ſlaine, with all that part of the Eng|liſh hoſt, which he gouerned: and
it was fought in the yeare of our Lorde .603. in the .xix.
603 Henric. Hũt. Beda. li. 1. cap. 34.
yeare of the raigne of the foreſayde Edelferd, and in the ſixt yeare
of Co [...]wulf king of the Weſt Saxons, and in the firſt yeare of the Emperour
Focas, or ra|ther in the laſt yeare of hys predeceſſour Mau|ritius.
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1 From that day til [...] the dayes of Beda, not one of the Scottiſh kings durſt preſume to
enter into Brytaine againe to giue battaile againſt the Engliſh Nation, as
Beda himſelfe wryteth.
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1 But the Scottiſh writers
make other report of this matter,
VVil. Malm [...]
See in Scot|land [...]. as in the Hyſtorie of Scotland ye may finde recorded.
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1 The Brytaynes that dwelt
aboute Cheſter, through their ſtoutneſſe prouoked the aforeſayde Ethelferd
king of the Northumbers vnto warre: wherevpon the ſame Ethelferd to tame
theyr lof|tie ſtomackes, aſſembled an armie, and came for|warde to beſiege
the Citie of Cheſter,Cheſter as ye [...] in poſſeſsion of the Bry|tayns. then called of the
Brytaynes Carleon ardour deué. The Ci|tizens coueting rather to
ſuffer all things than a ſiege, and hauing a truſt in their great multitude
of people,Iohn Leyland VVil. Malm. came forth to
giue battaile abrode in the fieldes, whom he compaſſing about with
ambu|ſhes, got them within his daunger, and eaſily diſ|comfited them.
[figure appears here on page 153]
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1
Beda.It chaunced that he had eſpied before the
bat|taile ioyned (as Bede hath) where a great number of the Brytiſh Prieſts
were got aſide into a place ſomewhat out
of daunger, that they might there make their interceſſion to God for the
good ſpeede of theyr people, being then readie to giue battaile to the
Northumbers.
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1
The number of Monkes in the Monaſtery of
Bangor.Many of them were of that famous Mona|ſterie of Bangor, in the
which it is ſaid, that there was ſuch a number of Monkes, that where they
were deuided into ſeuen ſeuerall partes, with their ſeuerall gouernours
appoynted to haue rule ouer them, euery of thoſe partes conteyned at the
leaſt three hundred perſons, the which liued altogither by the labour of
theyr handes. Many therefore of thoſe Monkes hauing kept a ſolemne feaſt for
three dayes togither, were come to the armie with other to make prayer,
hauing for their defender one Brocmale, or Bro [...]ma [...]l, Earle (or Conſull as ſome call him) of Cheſter,Brocmal [...]. which ſhoulde pre|ſerue them (being giuen to prayer) from
the edge of the enimies ſworde.
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1
EEBO page image 154King Edelferd hauing (as is ſayde) eſpyed theſe men, aſked
what they were, and what their intent was? and beeing informed of the whole
circumſtance, and cauſe of their beeing there, hee ſayde. Then if they call
to theyr God for his aſ|ſiſtãce againſt vs, ſurely though they beare no
ar|mour, yet do they fight againſt vs, being buſied in prayer for our
deſtruction. Wherevpon hee com|maunded the firſt onſet to be giuen on
them,The Brytaines diſcomfited and ſlaine. and
after ſlue downe the reſidue of the Brytiſh armie, not without great loſſe of his owne people.
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1 Of thoſe Monkes and
Prieſtes which came to pray (as before is mencioned) there died at that
battaile about the number of .xij. hundred, ſo that fiftie of them onely
eſcaped by flight.
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1 Brocmale, or Broemael at
the firſt approche of the enimies, turning his backe with his compa|nie,
left them (whom he ſhould haue defended) to be murthered through the enmies
ſworde.
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1 And thus was the
prophecie of Auguſtine ful|filled, though
he was long before departed this life (as Beda hath.)
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1
Henric. Hũt.But if this battaile was fought in
the ſeuenth yeare of Ciovulf king of Weſtſaxons (as ſome haue written) and
that Auguſtin liued .xij. yeares after his entrance into the gouernment of
the ſea of Canterburie, (as ſome write) it is euident that he liued foure
yeares after this ſlaughter made of the Brytiſhe Prieſtes and Monkes by
Ethelferd (as before is recited.) For Ciovulf beganne his raigne (as before is mentioned) about the yeare of our
Lorde .596. and in the ſeuenth yeare of hys raigne the battail was fought,
at Degſaſta [...]e be|twixt Engliſhmen and Scottes, which chaunced in the yeare of our
Lorde .604. as Bede himſelfe recordeth. Hitherto out of our olde
writers.
Of which battaile alſo
William Hariſon tel|leth another maner of tale, whoſe wordes (though he liue
in our time, and his Chronologie bee not yet extant) are not to be omitted:
which be theſe.
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1 Athelbright, or
Edilfride, king of the Northũ|bers, and Ethelbert of Kent, hauing Auguſtine
in their cõpanie, in the .8. yeare after his arriuall, doe make warre vpon
ſuche Brytaynes as refuſe to obſerue the Canons of the late Councell
mentio|ned .603. and kill 1200. Monkes of the Monaſte|rie of Bangor, which
laboured earneſtly, and in the ſweate of their browes, thereby to get theyr
liuings. &c. Thus farre maiſter Hariſon.
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1 Verily. Galf. Mon
wryteth, that Ethelbert king of Kent (after he ſawe the Brytaynes to
diſ|daine and denie their ſubiection vnto Auguſtine, by whom he was
conuerted to the chriſtian faith) ſtirred vp Ethelfred king of the
Northumbers to warre againſt the Brytains. But hereof maiſter Foxe doubteth,
and therfore ſayth,Acts and Mo|numents. Pag. 160.
that of vncer|taine things hee hath nothing certainly to ſay, much leſſe to
iudge.
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1
2 But now to the matter
where we left. After that King Edelferd had made ſlaughter of the Brytaines
(as before is rehearſed) hee entred the Citie of Cheſter, and from thence
marched to|wardes Bangor.
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1 The Britains in the meane
time had aſſẽbled their power vnder three Captains, that is to wit,Blederik [...] of Cornewal, Margadud K. of Southwales, Cadwan king of
Northwales Blederike Duke of Cornewall, Margadud king of
Southwales, and Cadwane king of North|wales. Theſe ioyning in battaile with
Ethel|ferd, ſlue .10066. of his Souldiers, and conſtray|ned him to flee out
of the fielde for ſafegarde of
[figure appears here on page 154] his life,
after hee had receyued many woundes.
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1
Gal. Mon.On the part of the Brytaynes the
foreſayde Bledrike, which was chiefe captaine of the fielde in that battaile
chaunced to be ſlaine.
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1 Thus hath Gal. Mon. but
the auncient wri|ters of the Engliſh kings (as Bede. Wil. [...]alm. and Henrie Hunt.) make no mention of this laſt battaile and
victorie obteyned by the Brytaynes in maner as aboue is expreſſed in
Galfrids booke. But contrarily we finde, that Ethelferd hauing ſuch good
ſucceſſe in his buſineſſe abroade as hee coulde wiſhe,Edwin the ſonne of king Alla [...]
vpon purpoſe to auoyde daunger at home, baniſhed Edwin the ſonne of
Alla or Elle a yong Gentleman of great towardneſſe, lately EEBO page image 155 come to the kingdom of the Northumbers by the death of his
father. But this Edwine in time of his exile, beeing long toſſed from place
to place, and finding no ſtedfaſt friendſhip now in time of his aduerſitie,
at length came to Redwalde, that was king at that time of the Eaſt Angles,
the thirde from Vffa, as ſucceſſor to Titullus, which Titullus did ſucceede
next after the ſayde Vffa,592 the firſt king of
Eaſt Angles (as before is men|tioned.
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1
Edelferd.This Redwalde did verie honourably
inter|taine Edwine, inſomuch that Edelferd being in|formed thereof, he was
highly diſpleaſed, and ſent Ambaſſadors vnto Redwalde, to requyre him either
to deliuer Edwine into his handes, or elſe if he refuſed ſo to do, to
declare and denounce vnto him open warres.
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1 Redwalde encouraged by
his wife (that coun|ſelled him in no wiſe to betray his friende, to whõ he
had giuen his fayth, for the menaces of his e|nimie) aſſembled forthwith an
armie,617 and vpon the ſodaine comming vpon
Ethelferd, ſet vppon him ere he coulde haue time to aſſemble his peo|ple,
togither. But yet the ſayd Ethelfred,H. Hunt.
though he was entrapped and brought in daunger at vn|wares, he dyed not
vnreuenged: for putting him|ſelfe in defence with ſuch power as he coulde
then get togyther, he boldely encountred the enimies, and gyuing battaile,
ſlue Remerius the ſonne of Redwalde and after was ſlaine himſelfe,Ethelferd ſlain [...]
ha|uing raigned ouer the Northumbers about .xxij. yeares.
[figure appears here on page 155]
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1 This battaile was fought
neare to the water of Idle.
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1 The ſayde Ethelferd had
iſſue by his wyfe Acca the daughter of Alla, and ſiſter to Edwine, two
ſonnes, Oſwalde being about two yeares of
age, and Oſwyn about foure yeares, the which (their father beeing thus
ſlaine) were by helpe of their gouernours, conueyed away into Scotland with
all ſpeede that might be made.
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1
Hen. Hunt. Math. VVeſt. hath. 34.
Ceovulf king of the Weſt Saxons, after hee had raigned the ſpace of
.xij. yeares, departed this life, who in his time had mainteyned great warre
agaynſt many of his neghbours, the which for briefeneſſe I paſſe ouer.
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1 One great battaile he
fought agaynſt them of Suſſex, in which
the armies on both ſides ſu|ſteyned great domage,The
South Saxons ſu|ſtaine the greater loſſe. but the greater loſſe
fell to the South Saxons.
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1
Cicegiſ|cus.AFter the foreſayde Ceovulf raigned
Cinegiſ|cus, or Kingils, whiche was the ſonne of Ceola, that was ſonne to
Cutha or Cutwyn, the ſonne of Kenricke, which was ſonne to king
Certicke.
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1 In the fourth yeare of
his raigne,
VVil. Malm. ſayeth that O [...]nichilinus was the brother o [...] Cinegiſcus. he receyued into felowſhip with him in
gouernaunce of the kingdome his ſonne Richelinus, or Onichelinus, and ſo
they raigned ioyntly togither in great loue and concorde, a thing ſeldome
ſeene or heard of.
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1 They fought with the
Brytaynes at Bean|dune,Beandune, or Beanton. where
at the firſt approch of the battailes togyther, the Brytaynes fled, but to
late, for there died of them that were ouertaken .2062.
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1 In this meane time,Beda. li. 2. cap. 4.
Laurence Archbiſhop of Canterburie, that ſucceeded next after
Auguſtine, admitted thereto by him in his life time (as before is ſayde) did
his indeuour to augment and bring to perfection the Church of Englande, the
foundation wherof was lately layde by his pre|deceſſor the foreſayde
Auguſtine: and ſtudied not onely for the encreaſe of this new Church, which
was gathered of the Engliſhe people, but alſo he was buſie to employ his
paſtor like cure vpon the people that were of the olde inhabitants of
Bry|taine, and likewiſe of the Scottes that remayned in Irelande: For when
he had learned that the Scottes there in ſemblable wiſe as the Brytains EEBO page image 156 in theyr Countrey ledde not theyr lyues in ma|ny
poyntes according to the Eccleſiaſtical rules, aſwel in obſeruing the feaſt
of Eaſter cõtrarie to the vſe of the Romain church, as in other things, he
wrote vnto thoſe Scottes letters exhortatorie, requyring them moſte
inſtauntly to an vnitie of Catholique orders as myght bee agreeable with the
Church of Chriſt, ſpredde and diſperſed through the worlde.
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1 Theſe letters were not
written onely in his owne name, but
ioyntly togyther in the name of the Biſhops Melitus and Iuſtus (as
thus.)
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1 To our deare brethren,
the Biſhops & Abbots through all Scotland, Laurence, Mellitus
& Iu|ſtus, Biſhops, the ſeruants of the ſeruants of God, wiſhe
health. Where as the Apoſtolike Sea, (according to hir maner) had ſent vs to
preach vn|to the Heathen people in theſe weſt partes, as o|therwiſe through
the worlde, and that it chaun|ced vs to enter into this Ile which is called
Bry|tayne, before we knewe and vnderſtoode
the ſtate of things, wee had in greate reuerence bothe the Scottes and
Brytaynes, which beleeued, bycauſe (as we tooke the matter) they walked
according to the cuſtome of the vniuerſall Churche: but after we had
knowledge of the Brytaynes, we iudged the Scottes to be better, but we haue
learned by Byſhop Daganus, comming into this Ile, and by Columbanus the
Abbot cõming into France, that the Scottes nothing differ in theyr
conuer|ſation from the Brytaynes, for
Biſhop Dagan comming vnto vs, would neyther eate with vs, no nor yet within
the houſe where wee did eate.
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1 The ſayde Laurence alſo
with his fellow Bi|ſhops, did write to the Brytaines, other letters worthie
of his degree, doing what hee coulde to confyrme them in the vnitie of the
Romaine Church: but it profited little, as appeareth by that which Beda
wryteth.
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1 About the ſame tyme,
Mellitus the Biſhop of London wente to
Rome to commune wyth Pope Boniface, for neceſſarie cauſes touching the the
Church of Englande, and was preſent at a Sinode holden by the ſame Pope at
that ſeaſon, for ordinances to bee made touching the ſtate of religious men,
and ſate in the ſame Sinode, that with ſubſcribing, he might alſo with his
autho|ritie confirme that whiche was there orderly de|creed.
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1 This Sinode was holden
the third kalends of March, in the laſt
yeare of the Emperour Fo|cas, which was about the yeare after the byrth of
our ſauiour .610.
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1 Mellitus at his returne,
brought with him from the Pope, decrees commaunded by the ſayd Pope to be
obſerued in the Engliſh Church, with letters alſo directed to the Archbiſhop
Laurence, and to king Ethelbert.