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5.80. Cadwallader.

Cadwallader.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 BVt now to returne vnto that which is founde in the Brittiſh hiſtories,Cadwa|lader. by the tenor whereof it ſhould appeare, that whẽ their King Cadwal|lo was dead, his ſon Cadwallader ſucceeded him in rule of the Britaynes in the yeare of our Lord 678. which was about the tenth yere of the Em|perour Conſtantinus Pagonatus,976 hath Math. Weſt. and in the thirtenth yeare of the raigne of Childericus kyng of Fraunce.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 This Cadwallader beeing the ſonne of Cad|wallo,Galfrid. was begot by him of the halfe ſiſter of Pẽ|da King of Mercia, for one father begote them both, but of two ſundry mothers, for ſhee had to mother a Lady, diſcended of the noble bloud of the Weſt Saxons, and was married vnto Cad|wallo when the peace was made betwixt him, & hir brother the ſaid Penda. After that Cadwalla|der had raigned the ſpace of twelue yeres, as Gef|frey of Monmoth hathe, or as other write, but . [...]. yeares, the Britaines were broughte into ſuche miſerie through ciuill diſcorde, and alſo by ſuche great & extreame famin as then raigned through all the lande,Calwallader conſtreyned to forſake the lande. that Cadwallader was conſtreyned with the chiefeſt part of his people to forſake their natiue countrey, and by Sea to get them ouer in|to Britaine Armorike, there to ſeeke reliefe of vit|tayles, for the ſuſtentation of their languiſhyng bodies. Along proceſſe is made by the Brittiſhe writers of this departure of Cadwallader, and of the Britaines, out of this lande, and howe Cad|wallader was aboute to haue returned againe, but that he was admoniſhed by a d [...]eame to the con|trary, the which bycauſe it ſeemeth but fabulous, we paſſe ouer. At length he wente to Rome, and there was confirmed in the Chriſtian Religion by Pope Sergius, and ſhortly after fell ſicke, and dyed the twelfth Kalends of May, in the yeare of our Lord .689. But herein appeareth the error of the Britiſh writers in taking one for another,689 by reaſon of reſemblance of names, for where Ce|adwalla King of the Weſt Saxons about that time moued of a religious deuotion, after he was conuerted to the faith, wẽt vnto Rome, and was there Baptiſed or elſe confirmed of the foreſayde Pope Sergius, and ſhortly after departed thys life in that Citie, in the foreſayde yeare of .689. or thereaboutes, the Welchmen accompt hym to be their Cadwalladar: whiche to be true is very vn|like by that whiche may be gathered by the wri|tings of diuers approoued authors.

5.81. Ceadwalla.

Ceadwalla.

[figure appears here on page 183]

Compare 1587 edition: 1 THis Ceadwalla King of the Weſt Saxons ſucceeded after Centwine or Centiuinus,Cead|walla. Beda. VVil. Mal. whiche Centwine raigned nine yeares, though it ſhoulde appeare by that whiche is written by Authoures of good credite, that du [...]y [...] EEBO page image 184 two of thoſe yeares at the leaſt, the Kingdome of Weſt Saxons was deuided betwixte him, and Elcuinus or Eſcuinus, ſo that hee ſhoulde not reigne paſt ſeuen yeares alone.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 But now to Ceadwall, whom ſome take to be al one with Cadwallader,VVil. Malm. Ran. Ceſtren. we finde yt he was ly|neally diſcended frõ Cutha or Cutwine, the bro|ther of Ceauline or Kenling K. of Weſt Saxõs, as ſon to Kenbert or Kenbright that was ſon to Ceadda the ſon of ye foreſaid Cutha or Cutwin. Thus he being extract of ye noble houſe of ye kings of Weſt Saxons, prooued in his youth a perſo|nage of great towardnes, & ſuch a one as no ſmal hope was of him conceyued: he would let no oc|caſion paſſe where he mighte exerciſe his force, to ſhew proofe of his high valiancie, ſo that in the ende with his worthy attemptes ſhewed therein, he purchaſed to himſelfe the enuy of thoſe that ru|led in his countrey, by reaſon whereof he was ba|niſhed by a cõſpiracie made againſt him.Ceadwallo driuen to de|part out of his countrey. Wher|vpon hee tooke occaſion as it were in reuenge of ſuche vnthankfulneſſe to withdrawe out of hys countrey, leading with him all ye principal youth of the ſame, the whiche eyther pitying his pre|ſent eſtate, or moued with pleaſure taken in hys valiante doings, followed him at his going into exile. The firſt brunt of his furious attemptes af|ter hee was out of his countrey, Edilwalke the king of the South Saxons taſted, the whiche in defence of himſelfe comming to trie battell with Ceadwalla, was ſlayne with the moſt part of all his army. Ceadwalla then perceiuing the valiãt courages of his Souldiers, filled with good hope of this happy atchieued victory, returned with good and proſperous ſpeede into his owne coun|trey, and that ere he was looked for, and earneſtly purſuing his aduerſaries, droue them out of the Kingdom, and taking vpon him to rule the ſame as king, reigned two yeares during the whych he atchieued diuers notable enterpriſes. And firſte,Beda. lib. 4. cap. 1 [...]. whereas Berthun and Authune Dukes of Suſ|ſex & ſubiectes vnto ye late K. Edilwalke, had both expulſed him out of ye countrey, after he had ſlain the ſaid Edilwalke, and alſo taken vpon them the rule of that Kingdome, he hauing now atteyned to the gouernement of the Weſt Saxons,Berthune [...] Earle of Suſ|ſex ſlayne. inua|ded ye countrey of Suſſex againe, and ſlewe Ber|thune in battell, bringing that coũtrey into more bondage than before. He alſo ſet vpon the Iſle of wight, and welneere deſtroyed all the inhabitãts, [figure appears here on page 184] meaning to inhabite it with his owne people, hee bound himſelfe by vowe,Ceadwallo his vowe. The Ile of Wight con|quered. although as yet he was not baptiſed, that if he might cõquere it, he would giue a fourth part thereof vnto the Lorde. And in performãce of that vowe, he offered vnto Biſhop Wilfride who then chanced to be preſent, when he had taken that Iſle, ſo muche thereof, as con|teyned three hundred houſholdes or families, where the whole conſiſted in .1200. houſholdes. Wilfrid receiuing thankfully the gift, deliuered ye ſame vnto one of his Clearkes named Berne|wine yt was his ſiſters ſon, appointing to him al|ſo a Prieſt named Hildila, ye which ſhould mini|ſter the word, & the Sacramẽt of Baptiſme vnto al thoſe yt would receiue the ſame. Thus was ye Ile of Wight brought to ye faith of Chriſt laſt of al other ye parties of this our Britain,The Wi [...] recey [...] ſay [...]. after that ye ſame faith had failed here by the comming of the Saxons. Moreouer, K. Ceadwalla inuaded the kingdom of Kent, wher he loſt his brother Mol|lo, as after ſhall appeare, but yet hee reuenged hys death with great ſlaughter made of ye inhabitats in yt countrey. Finally, this worthy Prince Ce|adwalla turning himſelf from ye deſire of warre & bloudſhed, became right courteis, gentle, & liberal towardes all men, ſo that ye could not haue wi|ſhed more vertuous manners to reſt in one as yet not Chriſtned. And ſhortly after, willing EEBO page image 185 to be admitted into the fellowſhip of the Chriſti|ans, (of whoſe Religion he had taken good taſt) he went to Rome, where of Pope Sergius her was baptiſed, and named Peter, and ſhortly af|ter ſurpryſed with ſickneſſe died, and was buried there within the Churche of Saint Peter in the yeare of our Lorde .689.689 [...]eda lib. 4. [...]p. 26.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the meane while, that is to witte, in the yeare of our Lorde .684. Ecgfrid king of Nor|thumberland ſent an armie vnder the guiding of a Captaine named Bertus into Irelande, the which waſted that Countrey, ſparing neyther Church nor Monaſterie, ſore endomaging the people of that Countrey, [...]reland inua| [...]ed by the [...]orthũbers. whiche had euer beene friendes vnto the Engliſh Nation, and deſerued nothing leſſe than ſo to be inuaded and ſpoyled at their handes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Iriſh men defended themſelues to theyr power, beſeeching god with manye a ſal [...]e teare, that he woulde reuenge theyr cauſe, in puniſhing of ſuche extreeme iniuries. And though curſers may not inherite the Kingdome of heauen, yet they ceaſſed not to curſe, hoping the ſooner thoſe which with good cauſe were thus accurſed, ſhould worthily be puniſhed for their offences by God, and ſo (peraduenture) it fell out. For in the yeare following the ſayde king Egfrid had led an army into Pictlande,King Ecgfrid [...]ain by Bru|deus king of [...]he Pictes. agaynſte Brudeus king of the Pictes, and beeing trayned into ſtraytes within hilles and craggie mountains, he was ſlain with the moſt part of all his armie, in the yeare of hys age .xl. and of his raigne .xv. vpon the .xiij. kalends of Iune.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 There were diuerſe of Ecgfrides friends, and namely Curbert (whome hee had aduaunced the ſame yeare vnto the Biſhops ſea of Lindeſfarne) that aduiſed him in no wiſe, eyther to haue taken this warre in hande agaynſt the Pictes, or the o|ther againſt them of Irelande, but he woulde not be counſayled, the puniſhment appoynted for his ſinnes being ſuch, that hee might not giue care to his faythfull friendes, that aduiſed him to the beſt. From that time forth, the hope and power of the Engliſh people began to decay.Theſe Britains were th [...]ſe vn|doubtedly that [...]welt in the North weſt [...]uttes of this [...]e, and is not [...]ent onely by [...]ẽlof Wales. For not onely the Pictes recouered that part of theyr Countrey which the Engliſh men had helde before in theyr poſſeſſiõ, but alſo the Scots that inhabited with in this Iſle, and likewiſe ſome part of the Bry|taynes tooke vppon them libertie which they kept and mainteyned a long time after, as Bede con|feſſeth. Ecgfride left no children behinde him. He had to wife one Ethelreda, or Edildrida, that was daughter vnto Anna king of the Eaſtangles which liued with hir huſbande the foreſayd Ecg|fride .xij. yeares in perfite virginitie (as it is ſuppo|ſed) contrarie to the purpoſe of hir huſbande, if hee might haue perſwaded hir to the contrarie, but ſhe founde ſuch meanes, that finally he was conten|ted that ſhe ſhould keepe hir firſt vow of chaſtity, which ſhe had made.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 She was both widow and virgin when hee maryed hir,Ethelreda. being firſt coupled in wedlocke with one Eunbert a noble man and a ruler in the ſouth partes of the Countrey, where the people called Giruij inhabited, whiche is the ſame where the fennes lye in the confines of Lincolnſhire,Giruii. Nort|folke, Huntingtonſhire, and Cambridgſhire, but he liued with hir but a ſmall while.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After ſhe had obteyned licence to departe from the Court, ſhe got hir firſt into Coldingham Ab|bay, and there was profeſſed a Nunne. And after ſhe went to Ely, and there reſtored the Monaſte|rie, and was made Abbes of the place, in the which after ſhee had gouerned .vij. yeares, ſhee departed this life, and was there buried.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This ſame was ſhe which commonly is cal|led Saint Aubrey of Ely, had in great reuerence for the opinion conceyued of hir great vertue and puritie of life.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 [figure appears here on page 185] AFter that king Ecg|frid was ſlain Alfride 685(as before is [...]mẽcioned his brother Al|frid was made king of Nor|thumberland. This Alfride was the ba|ſtarde ſonne of king Oſwy, and in his brothers daye [...], eyther willingly, or by violent meanes cõ|ſtrayned, he liued as a baniſhed man in Irelande, where applying himſelfe to ſtudie hee became an excellent Philoſopher, and therefore being iudged to be better able to haue the rule of a kingdome, he was receyued by the Northumbers, and made king, gouerning his ſubiects by the ſpace of .x [...]. yeares & more, with great wiſedome and policie, but not with ſuch large bounds as his aunceſters had done: for the Pictes (as before is mencioned) had cut off one peece on the North part of the auncient limits of that kingdome.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 About the .xiij. yeare of his raigne, 698 Beda in Epit. Mat. VVeſt. that is to wit, in the yeare of our Lorde .698. one of hys Captaynes named Earle Berthred, or Bertus, was ſlaine in battaile by the Picts, whoſe cõfines he had as then inuaded.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The curſe of the Iriſhe men whoſe countrey in the dayes of king Ecgfrid he had cruelly wa|ſted (as before is mentioned) was thought at this time to take place.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Finally king Alfride after he had raigned .xx. yeares and odde monethes departed this life,705 Beda. in the yeare of our Lorde .705.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the beginning of king Alfrides dayes Eata EEBO page image 186 the Biſhop of Hexham being deade, one Iohn a man of great holineſſe was admitted Biſhop, and after that Biſhop Wilfride was reſtored, after he had remayned a long time in exile.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The ſayde Iohn was remoued to the Church of Yorke,Iohn Archby|ſhop of York. the ſame beeing then voyde by the death of the Archbyſhoppe Boſa. At length the foreſayd Iohn aweried with the cares-of pub|lyke affayres reſigned his Sea, and got him vn|to Beuerley,He reſigneth his See. 721 where hee lyued a ſolitarie lyfe for the ſpace of foure yeares, and then dyed, about the yeare of our Lorde .721. King Oſrike as then reigning in Northumberlande. Hee continued Byſhoppe for the ſpace of .xxiiij. yeares, and buylded a Churche, and founded a Colledge of Prieſts at Beuerley aforeſayde, in which church he lyeth buried.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The ſame yeare, or in the yeare after that king Ecgfride was ſlaine, Lother king of Kent departed this life,686. hath. Mat Weſt. Lother king of Kent dyeth of a wounde. the .viij. Ides of Februarie, of a wounde by hym receiued in a battaile whiche he fought agaynſt the South Saxons, the which came in ayde of Edricke, that was ſonne vnto his brother Ecgbert, and had mainteyned warre agaynſt his vncle the ſayde Lother, euen from the begynning of his raigne, till finally he was nowe in the ſayd battaile ſtriken through the bodie with a dart, and ſo died thereof, after he had raigned .xj. yeares, and .vij. Monethes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 It was thought that hee was diſquieted with continuall warres and troubles, and finally brought to his end before the natural courſe of his time, for a pun [...]ſhment of his wicked conſent gi|uen, to the putting to death of his couſins Ethel|bert, and Ethilbrit, as appeared in that, when they were reported to be Martyrs, bycauſe it was knowne they dyed innocently,VVil. Malm. hee mocked them, and made but a ieaſt at it, although his brother in acknowledging his fault, repented him therof,Capg [...] their [...]. and gaue as it were in recompence to theyr mo|ther, a part of the Ile of Thanet to the buylding of a Monaſterie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Edrick [figure appears here on page 186] THe foreſaid Edrick af|ter that Lo|ther was dead, got the domi|nion of Kent, and ruled as king thereof, but not with|out ciuill war, inſomuch that before he had raigned the ful tearme of two yeres, he was ſlaine in the ſame warre.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Then Ceadwalla king of the Weſt Saxons being thereof aduertiſed, ſuppoſing the time now to bee come that would ſerue his purpoſe, as one ſtill coueting to worke the Kentiſh men all the diſpleaſure he coulde, entred with an armie into their Countrey, and beganne to waſt and ſpoyle the ſame on eche ſide, till finally the Kentiſhmen aſſembling themſelues togither, gaue battaile to their enimies and put them to flight.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Mollo brother to Ceadwalla was dryuen from hys companie, and conſtrayned to take an houſe for his refuge: but his enimies that purſued hym ſette fyre thereon, and burned both the houſe, and Mollo within it to Aſhes.Mollo [...] to king Cead|walla [...] death. Yet dyd not Ceadwalla herewith depart oute of the Countrey, but to wreake his wrathe, and to reuenge the griefe which he tooke for the death of his brother, hee waſted and deſtroyed a greate parte of Kent ere hee returned home, and left (as it were) an occaſion to his ſucceſſor alſo to purſue the quarell (as after ſhall appeare.)

[figure appears here on page 186]

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 187The Kentiſhmen being deſtitute of a king, af|ter that diuerſe had coueted the place, and ſought to ataine therto, as well by force as otherwiſe, to the great diſquieting of that prouince for ye ſpace of ſixe yeares togither, at length in the .vij. yeare after the death of Edrick. [...]ictred is [...]ade king of [...]ent. Withred an other of the ſonnes of king Ecgbert, hauing with diligente trauaile ouercome enuie at home, and with mo|ney redeemed peace abrode, was with great hope conceyued of his worthineſſe made king of Kent, the .xj. of Nouember .205. after the death of Hen|geſt, and raigned .xxxiij. yeares, not deceyuing his ſubiectes of their good conceyued opinion of him: for ouercomming all his aduerſaries which were readie to leuie cyuill warre agaynſt him, he alſo purchaſed peace of Inas king of the Weſt Sax|ons, whiche ment to haue made him warre, till with money he was made his friend.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 A little before that Withred was confirmed in the kingdome of Kent, Hen. Hunt. Beda. li. 5. ca. 8 Webhard and Nitred, kings [...]y vſurpation [...]nd not by [...]cceſsion, as H. Hunt. wri| [...]eth. there raigned two kings in that countrey, Suebhard, or Nidred, or rather the ſame Withred, if the printed copie of Be|das booke intituled Eccleſiaſtica hiſtoria gẽtis An|glorum, haue not that name corrupted: for where he ſheweth that the Archbiſhop Theodorus being of the age of .88. yeares, departed this life in the yeare of our Lorde .690. in the next chapter he de|clareth, that in the yeare .692. the firſt day of Iuly one Brightwalde was choſen to ſucceede in the Archbiſhops ſea of Canterburie, Wictredus, and Suebhardus as then raigning in Kent: but whe|ther Wicttedus gouerned as then with Sueb|hardus, or that ſome other named Nitred, it for|ceth not, for certain it is by the agreement of wri|ters, that till Wictred obteyned the whole rule, there was great ſtrife and contention moued a|bout the gouernment, and diuerſe there were that ſought and fought for it.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Brightwald the firſt Arch|biſhop of the Engliſh nationBut this ought to be noted, yt the forenamed Brightwalde was the eight Archbiſhop in num|ber, and firſt of the Engliſh nation that ſat in the ſea of Canterburie: for the other ſeuen that were predeceſſors to him, were ſtraungers borne, and ſent hither from Rome.

5.82. Inas king of VVeſt Saxons.

Inas king of VVeſt Saxons.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Inas. 689 [figure appears here on page 187] IN this meane whyle after that Cead|walla, late King of the Weſt Sax|ons was gon to Rome, where he de|parted thys yfe (as before is ſhewed) his coſin Inas, or Ine, was made king of the Weſt Saxons, beginning his raigne in the yeare of our Lorde .689. in the thirde yeare of the Emperour Iuſtinianus the thirde in the .xj. yeare of the raigne of Theodori|cus king of Fraunce, and about the ſeconde yeare of the raigne of Eugenius king of Scots.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Bycauſe that now the rule of the Brytaines commonly called Welchmen,The Brytaynes ceaſſe to raign in this lande. ceaſſed in thys Realme, as by confeſſion of their awne wryters it appeareth, and that in the ende the whole Mo|narchie of the ſame Realme came to ye hands of ye kings of Weſt Saxons, we haue thought meete to referre things general vnto ye raignes of ye ſame kings, as before wee did in the Brytaine Kings, reſeruing the particuler doings to the kings of the other Prouinces or kingdomes, as the ſame haue fallen out, and ſhall come to hande.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Inas, which ſome miſtaking the [...] for an u, do wrongfully name Iue or Iewe,Fabian. Henric. Hũt. proued a right excellent Prince, hee was diſcended of the auncient lynage of the kings of the Weſt Sax|ons, as ſonne to one Kenred, that was ſonne to Ceolwald, the ſonne of Cutha, or Cutwyne, that was ſonne to Kenrick, the ſonne of Certicus the firſt king of Weſt Saxons. But he was a [...]it|ted to the kingdome more for the valiant prowes knowne to reſt in his worthie perſon, than for the ſucceſſiue ofſpring of which he was deſcended.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The firſt voyage that [...]e made, was agaynſt the Kentiſhmen, on whom [...] purpoſed to reuenge the death of his coſin Moll [...], the griefe where of as yet he kept in freſh memori [...].Mat. VVeſt. VVil. Malm. But when the Ken|tiſh men perceiued, that to reſiſt him by force, they were nothing able, they attempted by money to buy theyr peace, and ſo obteined their purpoſe vp|pon payment made to him of .xxx. M. markes of ſiluer.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After this, about the .xxj. yeare of his raigne,Anno. 708 as is noted by Mat. VVeſt. king Inas and his coſin Nun, fought with [...]e|rent king of the Brytaynes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the beginning of the battaile one Higel|bald a noble man of the Weſt Saxons part was ſlaine,H. Hunt. but in the ende Gerent with his Brytains was chaſed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the .xxvi. yeare of his raigne,Mat. VVeſt. hath. 718. the ſame Inas fought a mightie battaile againſt Cheolred King of Mercia, at W [...]eneſburie, with doubtfull vic|torie, for it could not well be iudged whether part ſuſteyned greater loſſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the .xxxvi. yeare of his raigne, king Inas inuaded the South Saxons with a mightie ar|mie, and [...] in battaile Ealdbright, or [...] king of the South Saxons, & ioyned that king|dome vnto the kingdome of the Weſt Saxons:Mat. VVeſt. hath. 722. ſo that from thence forth the kingdome of thoſe South Saxons ceaſſed after they had raigned in that kingdome by the ſpace of fiue kings ſucceſ|ſiuely, that is to wit, [...]lla, Ciſſa, Ethelwalke,The end of [...] kingdome of the South Saxoes. Berutius, and this laſt Aldhinius, or Ealdbright.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 188Finally, when Inas had raigned .xxxvij. yeares, and .x. or .xj. odde Monethes, hee renoun|ced the rule of his kingdome, togither with all worldly pompe, and went vnto Rome as a poore pylgryme,Inas went to Rome and there dyed. and there ended his life: But before this, during the time of his raigne, hee ſhewed himſelfe verie deuout and zealous towardes the aduauncement of the Chriſtian Religion. He made and ordeyned alſo good and wholeſome lawes for the amendment of maners in the peo|ple, whiche are yet extant and to bee re [...]e, written in the Saxon tongue, and tranſla|ted into the Latine in tymes paſt, and nowe lately agayne by maiſter William Lambert, and imprinted by Iohn Day, in the yeare .1568. togither wyth the lawes and Statutes of other Kings before the Conqueſt, as to the learned it may appeare.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer, King Ine builded the Mona|ſterie of Glaſtenburie,Polidor. where Ioſeph of Arima|thea, [figure appears here on page 188] in times paſt builded an Oratorie or Chap|pell (as before is recited) when he with other chri|ſtians came into this lande in the dayes of Arui|ragus, and taught the Goſpell here to the Bry|tayns, conuerting many of them to the fayth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer king Ine or Inas buylded the Church of Welles, dedicating it vnto ſaint An|drew, where afterwardes a Biſhops Sea was placed, which at length was tranſlated vnto Sa|liſburie.Ethelburga. He had to wife one Ethelburga, a wo|man of noble lynage, who had beene earneſt in hande with him a long time to perſwade him to forſake the worlde: but ſhee could by no meanes bring hir purpoſe to paſſe,VVil. Malm. till vppon a time the king and ſhe had lodged at a Manor place in the Countrey, where all prouiſion had beene made for the receyuing of them and theyr trayne in moſt ſumptuous manner that might be, as well in riche furniture of houſeholde, as alſo in coſtly viandes, and all other things needefull, or that might ſerue for pleaſure, and when they were departed, the Queene the foreſayde Ethelburga, cauſed the keeper of that houſe to remoue all the bedding,The deuiſe of Queene Ethel|burga to per|ſwade hir huſ|band to forſake the world. hangings, and other ſuch things as had beene brought thither and ordeyned for the beau|tifull ſetting forth of the houſe, and in place ther|of to bring ordure, ſtrawe, and ſuche lyke fylth, as well into the Chambers and Ha [...], as into all the houſes of office, and that done to lay a Sowe wyth Pigges in the place where before the kings bed had ſtoode.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Herepon when ſhe had knowledge that eue|rye thing was ordered according to hir appoynt|ment, ſhe perſwaded the King to returne thyther agayne, feyning occaſions great and neceſſarie [...].

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After he was returned to that houſe, whiche before ſeemed to the eye a Palace of moſte plea|ſure, and nowe fynding it in ſuche a fylthie ſ [...]te as might lothe the ſtomacke of any man to be|holde the ſame, ſhee tooke occaſion thereof to perſwade him to the conſideration of the [...] pleaſures of this worlde, whiche in a moment turned to naught, togyther with the corruption of the fleſhe, beeing a fylthie lumpe of Claye, after it ſhoulde once be dyſſolued by death: and in fine where before ſhee had ſpente muche la|bour to moue hym to renounce the Worlde, though all in vayne, yet nowe the beholding of that chaunge in his pleaſant Palayce wherein [...]o late hee had taken ſo greate delight, wrought ſuche an alteration in hys mynde, that hir wordes laſtlye tooke effecte: ſo that hee reſig|ned the Kingdome to his couſin Ethelard and went himſelfe to Rome (as aboue i [...] mentioned,) and his wife became a Nunne in the Abbey of Barking, where ſhe was made Abbeſſe, and fi|nally there ended hir lyfe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Inas was the fyrſt that cauſed the EEBO page image 189 money called Peter pens,Peter pens. to bee payde vnto the Biſhop of Rome, which was for euery houſhold within his dominion a pennie.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In this meane time Edilred or Ethelred, hauing gouerned the Kingdome of Mercia by the terme of .xxix. yeares,King Ethelred becommeth a Monke. became a Monke in the Abbey of Bardeny, and after was made Abbot of that houſe.Oſtrida. He had to wyfe one Oſtryda the ſiſter of Ecgfride King of Northumberlande, by whome hee had a ſonne named Ceolred. But he appoynted Kenred the ſonne of his Brother Vulfhere to ſucceed him in the kingdome.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Beda in Epit.The ſayde Oſtrida was cruelly ſlaine by the treaſon of hir huſbandes ſubiectes, about the yeare of our Lorde .697.697 King Kenreds

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The foreſayde Kenred was a Prince of greate vertue, deuoute towardes God, a fur|therer of the common wealth of his Countrey, and paſſed hys lyfe in greate ſynceritye of maners.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the fifth yeare of his raigne, he renounced the worlde, and went to Rome, togither with Offa king of Eaſt Saxons, where he was made a Monke and finally dyed there, in the yeare of our Lord .711. 711 Nauclerus.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 By the ayde and furtherance of this Kenred, a Monke of Saint Benet [...] order (cleped Egwin) buylded the Abbay of Eu [...]ſhame.Egwin Biſhop of Worceſter. Afterwardes the ſame Egwine was made Biſhoppe of Wor|ceſter.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Wee finde it recorded by wryters, that this Egwine had warning giuen to him by viſions, (as hee conſtantly affyrmed before Pope Con|ſtantine,) to ſet vp an Image of our La [...]e [...] in his Churche. Herevppon the Pope approuing the teſtifications of this Byſhoppe, by hys Bulles, wrytte to Bryghtwalde the Archeby|ſhoppe of Canterburie, to aſſemble a Synode, and by authoritie thereof to eſtabliſhe the vſe of Images, charging the kings of this lande to bee preſent at the ſame Synode, vpon paine of ex|communication.

[figure appears here on page 189]

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Sinode was holden about the yeare of our Lorde .712. in the dayes of Inas King of Weſt Saxons,Bale. 710. and of Ceolred king of Mercia, ſucceſſor to the foreſayde Kenred.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After Kenred ſucceeded Ceolredus, the ſonne of his vncle Edilred, and died in the .viij. yeare of his raigne,Hariſon hath three onely. Henric. Hũt. and was buried at Lichfielde.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Then ſucceeded Ethelbaldus that was diſ|cended of Eopa the brother of king Penda, as the fourth from hym by lineall ſucceſſion. Thys man gouerned a long time without any notable trouble: ſome warres he had, and ſped diuerſly.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In the .xviij. yeare of his raigne he beſieged Sommerton,Ran. Ceſtren. and wanne it. Hee alſo inuaded Northumberlande, and gotte there great ryches by ſpoyle and pyllage, whiche hee brought from thence without any battaile offered to him.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Welchmen he ouercame in battaile,H. Hunt. be|ing then at quiet, and ioyned as cõfederates with Cuthred K. of Weſt Saxõs. But in the .xxxvij. yeare of his raigne, hee was ouercome in battaile at Bereforde by the ſame Cuthred,Bereforde. with whome he was fallen at variance, and within foure yeres after, that is to witte, in the .xlj. yeare of hys raigne,755 Three miles from Tam|worth. hee was ſlaine in battaile at Secan|done, or Sekenton, by his owne ſubiectes, whiche arreared warres agaynſte hym, by the procurement and leading of one Bernred,VVil. Malm. which after hee had ſlayne his naturall Prince, tooke vppon him the Kingdome: but he proſpered not long, being ſlaine by Offa that ſucceeded him in rule of the kingdome of Mercia, 758 Math. VVeſt. as after ſhall be ſhewed. The bodie of Ethelbald was buried at Ripton.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 190Bonifarius the Archbiſhop of Menze or Ma|guntze,The hyſtorie [...] Magd. hauing aſſembled a Councell wyth o|ther Byſhoppes and Doctours, deuiſed a letter and ſent it vnto this Ethilbert, commending him for his good deuotion and charitie in almes gy|uing to the reliefe of the poore, and alſo for his vp|right dealing in adminiſtration of Iuſtice, to the puniſhment of robbers and ſuch lyke miſdo|ers: but in that he abſteyned from maryage and wallowed in filthie lecherie with diuerſe women, and namely with Nunnes, they ſore blamed him and withall declared in what infamie the whole Engliſhe Nation in thoſe dayes remayned by common report in other Countreys for theyr lycencious lyuing in ſinfull fornication, and namely the moſte parte of the Noble men of Mercia by hys euill example did forſake theyr wyues,Nunnes kept or concubines and defloured other women whiche they kept in adulterie as Nunnes and other.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer hee ſheweth howe that ſuche euill women, as well Nunnes as other, vſed to make awaye in ſecrete wiſe theyr children whiche they bare oute of wedlocke, and ſo fylled the gra|ues wyth deade bodyes, and hell wyth damned ſoules.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The ſame Bonifacius in an other Epyſtle whiche hee wrote vnto Cutbert the Archbyſhop of Canterburie, counſayleth him not to per|mitte the Engliſhe Nunnes to wander abrode ſo often on Pylgrymage,Pilgrimage of Nunnes. bycauſe there were fewe Cities eyther in Fraunce or Lombar|dye, wherein might not bee founde Engliſh wo|men, that lyued wantonlye in fornication and whordome.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Kings of the Eaſt Saxons. Bed. li. 5. ca. 20 Offa king of Eaſt Saxons.In this meane tyme Sigharde and Seu|fred, Kings of the Eaſt Saxons, being depar|ted thys lyfe, one Offa that was ſonne to Si|gerius, ſucceeded in gouernment of that King|dome, a man of greate towardneſſe, and of right comely countenaunce: but after hee had ruled a certayne tyme, hee beeing mooued of a religious deuotion, wente vnto Rome in companie of Kenred King of Mercia, and of one Ergvine Byſhoppe of Worceſter, and beeing there ſha|uen into the order of Monkes, ſo continued tyll hee dyed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 King Selred.After him one Selred the ſonne of Sigbert the good, ruled the Eaſt Saxons the tearme of xxxviij. yeares. Hariſon .28.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After that Aldulfe the King of Eaſt-Angles was departed thys life,688 whiche chaunced aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .688. his brother Elt|wolde, or Aekwolde ſucceeded him, and raig|ned about .xij. yeares. Hariſon .2. After whoſe deceaſſe one Beorne was made king of Eaſtangles, and raig|ned about .xxvj. yeares. Hariſon .36.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In this meane while, that is to witte, in the yeare of oure Lorde .705.705 Alfride king of Nor|thumberlande beeing deade, his ſonne Oſred, [...] Oſred king of Northumber|lande. a childe of .viij. yeares of age ſucceeded hym in the kingdome, and raigned .xj. yeares, ſpending hys time when he came to rype yeares in fylthie abuſing his bodie wyth Nunnes, and other reli|gious women.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 About the ſeuenth yeare of his raigne, [...] that is to witte, in the yeare of oure Lorde .711. one of his Captaynes named Earle Berthfride fought with the Pictes betwixte two places called Heue and Cere, and obteyning the victorie,Pictes o [...]e [...]|throwne by the North [...]|bers. [...] an huge number of the enimies.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 At length King Oſred by the trayterous meanes of hys couſins that arreared warre a|gaynſte him, was ſlaine in battaile,King Oſred ſlaine in bat|taile. and ſo en|ded his raigne, leauing to thoſe that procured his death the lyke fortune in tyme to come. For Kenred raigning two yeares, and Oſricke tenne yeares, were famous onely in this, that beeing woorthilye puniſhed for ſhedding the bloud of theyr naturall Prince and ſoueraigne Lorde, they finiſhed their lyues with diſhonourable dea|thes, as they had well deſerued.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Oſricke before his death whiche chaunced in the yeare of oure Lorde .729. appoynted Ceol|volfe the brother of his predeceſſour Kenred,729 to ſucceede him in the kingdome, whiche hee did, raigning as king of the Northumbers by the ſpace of .viij. yeares currant, and then renouncing his kingdome, became a Monke in the Ile of Lindeſferne.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In this meane while, Beda. Acca Biſhop of Hexham. Byſhoppe Wilfride being dead, one Acca that was his Chaplain was made Biſhop of Hexham.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The foreſayde Wilfride had beene Biſhop by the ſpace of .xlv. yeares: but hee lyued a long tyme in exyle. For firſt beeyng Archby|ſhoppe of Yorke, and exerciſing his iuriſdiction ouer all the North partes, hee was after ba|niſhed by king Egbert, and agayne reſtored to the Sea of Hexham, in the ſeconde yeare of king Alfride, and within fiue yeares after eftſoones banyſhed by the ſame Alfride, and the ſeconde tyme reſtored by his ſucceſſour king Oſred, in the fourth yeare of whoſe raigne, beeing the yeare after the Incarnation of oure Sauiour 709. hee departed this lyfe, and was buryed at Rippon.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Moreouer after Iohn the Archebyſhoppe of Yorke had reſigned, one Wilfride ſurnamed the ſeconde, was made Archebiſhoppe of that Sea: whiche Wilfride was Chaplayne to the ſayde Iohn, and gouerned that Sea by the ſpace of fiftene yeares, and then died.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .710.710 the Ab|bot Adrian whiche came into this lande wyth Theodore the Archebyſhoppe of Canterburie (as before yee haue hearde) departed thys lyfe, a|boute EEBO page image 191 .xxxix. yeares after his comming thy|ther.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 [...]wo Biſhops [...].Alſo Inas the king of Weſt Saxons, a|boute the .xx. yeare of his raigne,Mat. VVeſt. deuided the Prouince of the Weſt Saxons into two By|ſhoppes Seas, where as before they had but one: Daniel was ordeyned to gouerne the one of thoſe Seas,Biſhop Daniel. being placed at Wincheſter, hauing vn|der him Suſſex, Southerie and Hamſhire: and Aldhelme was appoynted to Shireburne, ha|uing vnder him, Barkeſhire, Wyltſhire Som|merſetſhire, Dorſetſhyre, Deuonſhire, and Corn|wall.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 This Aldhelme was a learned man,Biſhop Aldelm and was firſt made Abbot of Malmeſburie, in the yeare of our Lorde .675. by Eleutherius then Biſhop of the Weſt Saxons. By his diligence that Ab|bay was greatly aduaunced,The Abbey of [...]almesburie. beeing afore that tyme founded by one Medulfe a Scottiſh man, but of ſo ſmall reuenues afore Aldhelmes tyme, that the Monkes were vneth able to lyue thereon.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Alſo the ſame Aldhelme was a greate fur|therer vnto king Inas in the buylding of Glaſ|tenburie.

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5.36. Cadwallader king of Britaine, the peo|ple are brought into great miserie, and he forced to flee the land, he dieth at Rome, the British writers noted of error, Ceadwalla king of the Westsaxons, the kingdome is diuided; the valo|rous mind of Ceadwalla, he is forced to forsake his countrie, he vanquisheth and killeth Edilwalke king of the Westsaxons, his returne into his kingdome with reuenge vpon Berthun duke of Sussex and other his heauie friends, his vow if he might con|quer the Ile of Wight, his bountifull offer to bishop Wilfrid, the Ile of Wight, receiueth the faith; Ceadwalla inuadeth Kent, of a barbarous warriour he becommeth a religious chri|stian, his vertues, his death and buriall at Rome; Egfrid king of Northumberland inuadeth Ireland, he is slaine by Bru|deus king of the Picts; the neglect of good counsell is dangerous; Etheldreda a wife and a widow (hauing vowed chastitie) liued a virgine 12 yeeres with hir husband Egfride, she was called saint Auderie of Elie. The xxxvj. Chapter.

EEBO page image 124

Cadwallader king of Britaine, the peo|ple are brought into great miserie, and he forced to flee the land, he dieth at Rome, the British writers noted of error, Ceadwalla king of the Westsaxons, the kingdome is diuided; the valo|rous mind of Ceadwalla, he is forced to forsake his countrie, he vanquisheth and killeth Edilwalke king of the Westsaxons, his returne into his kingdome with reuenge vpon Berthun duke of Sussex and other his heauie friends, his vow if he might con|quer the Ile of Wight, his bountifull offer to bishop Wilfrid, the Ile of Wight, receiueth the faith; Ceadwalla inuadeth Kent, of a barbarous warriour he becommeth a religious chri|stian, his vertues, his death and buriall at Rome; Egfrid king of Northumberland inuadeth Ireland, he is slaine by Bru|deus king of the Picts; the neglect of good counsell is dangerous; Etheldreda a wife and a widow (hauing vowed chastitie) liued a virgine 12 yeeres with hir husband Egfride, she was called saint Auderie of Elie. The xxxvj. Chapter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 _BUt now to returne vnto that which is found in the British histories,Cadwal|lader. by the te|nor wherof it should appeare, that when their king Cad|wallo was dead, his son Cad|wallader succéeded him in go|uernement of the Britains, in the yéere of our Lord 678,676 saith Matth. West. which was about the 10 yéere of the emperour Constantius Paganotus, and in the 13 yéere of the reigne of Childericus king of France. This Cadwallader, being the sonne of Cadwallo,Galfrid. was begot by him of the halfe sister of Penda king of Mercia, for one father begot them both, but of two sundrie mothers, for she had to mo|ther a ladie descended of the noble blood of the West|saxons, and was maried vnto Cadwallo when the peace was made betwixt him and hir brother the said Penda. After that Cadwallader had reigned the space of 12 yéeres (as Geffrey of Monmouth saith) or (as others write) but 3 yéeres, the Britains were brought into such miserie through ciuill discord, and also by such great and extreme famine as then reig|ned through all the land,Cadwallader constreined to forsake the land. that Cadwallader was con|streined with the chéefest part of his people to forsake their natiue countrie, and by sea to get them ouer in|to Britaine Armorike, there to séeke reliefe by vit|tels for the sustentation of their languishing bodies.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 ¶Long processe is made by the British writers of this departure of Cadwallader, & of the Britains out of this land, and how Cadwallader was about to haue returned againe, but that he was admonished by a dreame to the contrarie, the which bicause it sée|meth but fabulous, we passe ouer. At length he went to Rome, and there was confirmed in the christian religion by pope Sergius, where shortlie after he fell sicke, and died the 12 kalends of May, in the yeere of our Lord 689.689 But herein appeareth the error of the British writers in taking one for another, by reason of resemblance of names, for where Ceadwalla king of the Westsaxons about that time mooued of a reli|gious deuotion, after he was conuerted to the saith, went vnto Rome, and was there baptised, or else confirmed of foresaid pope Sergius, and shortlie after departed this life in that citie in the foresaid yéere of 689 or therabouts. The Welshmen count him to be their Cadwallader: which to be true is ve|rie vnlike by that which may be gathered out of the learned writings of diuers good and approoued au|thors.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 THis Ceadwalla king of the Westsaxons suc|ceeded after Centwine or Centiuinus,Cead|walla. which Centwine reigned nine yéeres,Wil. Malm. Beda. though it should ap|peare by that which is written by authors of good cre|dit, that during two of those yéeres at the least, the kingdome of Westsaxons was diuided betwixt him and Elcuinus or Escuinus, so that he should not reigne past seuen yeeres alone.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 But now to Ceadwalla,Wil. Malm. Ranulf. Cest. whome some take to be all one with Cadwallader, we find that he was lineallie descended from Cutha or Cutwine, the bro|ther of Ceauline or Keuling king of Westsaxons, as sonne to Kenbert or Kenbright that was sonne to Ceadda the sonne of the foresaid Cutha or Cut|win. Thus being extract of the noble house of the kings of Westsaxons, he prooued in his youth a per|sonage of great towardnesse, and such a one as no small hope was of him conceiued: he would let no occasion passe wherein he might exercise his force, to shew proofe of his high valiancie, so that in the end with his woorthie attempts shewed therein, he pur|chased to himselfe the enuie of those that ruled in his countrie, by reason whereof he was banished in a conspiracie made against him.Ceadwalla driuen to de|part out of the countrie. Wherevpon he tooke occasion as it were in reuenge of such vnthankeful|nesse to withdraw out of his countrie, leading with him all the principall youth of the same, the which ei|ther pitieng his present estate, or mooued with plea|sure taken in his valiant dooings, followed him at his going into exile.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The first brunt of his furious attempts after he was out of his countrie, Edilwalke the king of the Southsaxons tasted, who in defense of himselfe com|ming to trie battell with Ceadwalla, was slaine with the most part of all his armie. Ceadwalla then perceiuing the valiant courages of his souldiers, filled with good hope of this happie atchiued victorie, returned with good and prosperous spéed into his owne countrie, and that yer he was looked for, and earnestlie pursuing his aduersaries, droue them out of the kingdome, and taking vpon him to rule the same as king, reigned two yéeres, during the which he atchiued diuers notable enterprises.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 And first,Beda lib. 4. cap. 15. whereas Berthun and Authun dukes of Sussex & subiects vnto the late king Edilwalke, had both expelled him out of that countrie, after he had slaine the said Edilwalke, and also taken vpon them the rule of that kingdome, hauing now attei|ned to the gouernement of the Westsaxons, he in|uaded the countrie of Sussex againe, and slue Ber|thun in battell,Berthun a duke of Sus|sex slaine. bringing that countrie into more bondage than before. He also set vpon the Ile of Wight, and well-néere destroied all the inhabitants, meaning to inhabit it with his owne people. Hee bound himselfe also by vow,Ceadwalla his vow. The Ile of Wight con|quered. although as yet he was not baptised, that if he might conquer it, he would giue a fourth part thereof vnto the Lord. And in performance of that vow, he offered vnto bishop Wilfride (who then chanced to be present) when he had taken that Ile, so much therof as conteined 300 housholds or families, where the whole consisted in 1200 housholds. Wilfrid receiuing thankefullie the gift, deliuered the same vnto one of his clearks na|med Bernewine that was his sisters sonne, appoin|ting to him also a priest named Hildila, the which should minister the word and the sacrament of bap|tisme vnto all those that would receiue the same. Thus was the Ile of Wight brought to the faith of Christ last of all other the parties of this our Bri|taine,The Ile of Wight recei|ueth the saith. after that the same faith had failed here by the comming of the Saxons.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Moreouer, king Ceadwalla inuaded the king|dome of Kent, where he lost his brother Mollo, as af|ter shall appéere, but yet he reuenged his death with great slaughter made of the inhabitants in that countrie. Finallie, this worthie prince Ceadwalla, EEBO page image 125 turning himselfe from the desire of warre and bloud|shed, became right courteous, gentle and liberall to|wards all men, so that ye could not haue wished more vertuous manners to rest in one as yet not christened. And shortlie after, willing to be admit|ted into the fellowship of the christians (of whose re|ligion he had taken good tast) he went to Rome, where of pope Sergius he was baptised, and named Peter, and shortlie after surprised with sickenesse, he died, and was buried there within the church of saint Peter in the yeere of our Lord 689.689

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 In the meane while,Beda. li [...]. 4. cap. 26. that is to say, in the yeere of our Lord 684, Egfride king of Northumberland sent an armie vnder the guiding of a capteine na|med Bertus into Ireland, the which wasted that countrie, sparing neither church nor monasterie, sore indamaging the people of that countrie,Ireland inua|ded b [...] the Northum|bers. which had euer beene friends vnto the English nation, and de|serued nothing lesse than so to be inuaded and spoiled at their hands. The Irish men defended themselues to their power, beséeching God with manie a salt teare, that he would reuenge their cause in puni|shing of such extreme iniuries. And though cursers may not inherit the kingdome of heauen, yet they ceased not to curse, hoping the sooner that those which with good cause were thus accursed, should woorthilie be punished for their offenses by God, & so (peraduen|ture) it fell out. For in the yeere following, the said Egfride had lead an armie into Pictland against Brudeus king of the Picts,King Egfride slain by Bru|deus king of the Picts. and being trained into straits within hils and craggie mounteins, he was slaine with the most part of all his armie, in the yeere of his age 40, and of his reigne 15, vpon the 13 kalends of Iune.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 There were diuers of Egfrides friends, and namelie Cutberd (whome he had aduanced the same yéere vnto the bishops sée of Lindesferne) that adui|sed him in no wise, either to haue taken this warre in hand against the Picts, or the other against them of Ireland, but he would not be counselled, the pu|nishment appointed for his sinnes being such, that he might not giue eare to his faithfull friends that ad|uised him for the best. From that time foorth, the hope and power of the English people began to decaie. For not onelie the Picts recouered that part of their countrie which the Englishmen had held before in their possession, but also the Scots that inhabited within this Ile,These Bri|tains were those vndout|tedlie yt dwelt in the north|west parts of this Ile, and is not ment onlie by them of Wales. and likewise some part of the Bri|tains tooke vpon them libertie, which they kept and mainteined a long time after, as Beda confesseth.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 Egfride died without issue, & left no children behind him. He had to wife one Ethelreda or Etheldrida, daughter vnto Anna king of the Eastangles, which liued with hir husband the forsaid Egfride twelue yéeres in perfect virginitie (as is supposed) contrarie to the purpose of hir husband, if he might haue per|suaded hir to the contrarie, but finallie he was con|tented that she should kéepe hir first vow of chastitie which she had made.Echelreda. She was both widow and vir|gine when he maried hir, being first coupled in wed|locke with one Eunbert a noble man, and a ru|ler in the south parts of the countrie, where the peo|ple called Giruij inhabited, which is the same where the fennes lie in the confines of Lincolnshire, [...]. Norf|folke, Huntingtonshire, & Cambridgeshire, howbeit be liued with hir but a small while. After she had ob|teined licence to depart from the court, she got hir first into Coldingham abbeie, and there was profes|sed a nun. Then she went to Elie, and there restored the monasterie, and was made abbesse of the place, in the which after she had gouerned seuen yeeres, she departed this life, and was there buried. This same was she which commonlie is called saint Audrie of Elie, had in great reuerence for the opinion concei|ued of hir great vertue aand puritie of life.

5.37. Alfride (the bastard) king of Northum|berland, his life and death, Iohn archbishop of Canturburie reigneth his see, Lother king of Kent dieth of a wound, Edrike getteth the re|giment thereof but not without bloudshed, Cead|walla wasteth Kent being at strife in it selfe, his brother Mollo burned to death; Withred made king of Kent, he vanquisheth his enimies, Inas king of Westsaxons is made his friend, Sueb|hard and Nidred vsurpers of the Kentish kingdome, the age and death of Theodore archbishop of Canturbu|rie, Brightwald the first archbishop of the Eng|lish nation; the end of the British regi|ment, and how long the greatest part of this Iland was vnder their gouernement. The xxxvij. Chapter.

Alfride (the bastard) king of Northum|berland, his life and death, Iohn archbishop of Canturburie reigneth his see, Lother king of Kent dieth of a wound, Edrike getteth the re|giment thereof but not without bloudshed, Cead|walla wasteth Kent being at strife in it selfe, his brother Mollo burned to death; Withred made king of Kent, he vanquisheth his enimies, Inas king of Westsaxons is made his friend, Sueb|hard and Nidred vsurpers of the Kentish kingdome, the age and death of Theodore archbishop of Canturbu|rie, Brightwald the first archbishop of the Eng|lish nation; the end of the British regi|ment, and how long the greatest part of this Iland was vnder their gouernement. The xxxvij. Chapter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 _AFter that king Egfride was slaine (as before is men|tioned)Alfride 685. his brother Alfride was made king of Nor|thumberland. This Alfride was the bastard sonne of king Oswie, and in his bro|thers daies (either willinglie, or by violent means constreined) he liued as a bani|shed man in Ireland, where applieng himselfe to stu|die, he became an excellent philosopher. And therfore being iudged to be better able to haue the rule of a kingdome, he was receiued by the Northumbers, and made king, gouerning his subiects the space of 20 yeares and more, with great wisedome and policie, but not with such large bounds as his an|cestors had doone: for the Picts (as before is mentio|ned) had cut off one péece of the north part of the an|cient limits of that kingdome. About the 13 yeare of his reigne, that is to say,698 Beda in Epit. Matt. VVest. in the yeare of our Lord 698, one of his capteins named earle Berthred, or Bertus, was slaine in battell by the Picts, whose confins he had as then inuaded. The curse of the I|rish men, whose countrie in the daies of king Egfrid he had cruellie wasted (as before is mentioned) was thought at this time to take place. Finallie king Alfride,705 Beda. after he had reigned 20 yeares & od months, departed this life, in the yeare of our Lord 705.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 In the beginning of king Alfrids daies, Eata the bishop of Hexham being dead, one Iohn a man of great holinesse was admitted bishop, and after that, bishop Wilfrid was restored, when he had remai|ned a long time in exile.Iohn archbi|shop of Yorke. The said Iohn was remo|ued to the church of Yorke, the same being then void by the death of the archbishop Bosa. At length the foresaid Iohn wearied with the cares of publike affaires resigned his sée,He resigneth his sée. 721 and got him to Beuerley, where he liued a solitarie life for the space of foure yeares, and then died, about the yeare of our Lord 721, king Os [...]ike as then reigning in Northumber|land. He continued bishop for the space of 24 yeares, and builded a church, and founded a colledge of priests at Beuerley aforsaid, in which church he lieth buried.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The same yeare, or in the yeare after that king Egfrid was slaine, Lother king of Kent departed this life,686 saith Matth. West. Lother king of Kent dieth of a wound. the 8 Ides of Februarie, of a wound by him receiued in a battell which he fought against the Southsaxons, the which came in aid of Edrike, that was sonne vnto his brother Egbert, and had main|teined warre against his vncle the said Lother, euen from the beginning of his reigne, till finallie he was now in the said battell striken thorough the bodie with a dart, and so died thereof, after he had reig|ned 11 yeares, and seuen moneths. It was thought EEBO page image 126 that he was disquieted with continuall warres and troubles, and finallie brought to his end before the naturall course of his time, for a punishment of his wicked consent giuen to the putting to death of his cousins Ethelbert & Ethelbrit, as appeared, in that when they were reported to be martyrs,Wil. Malm. because it was knowen they died innocentlie, he mocked them and made but a iest at it, although his brother in ac|knowledging his fault, Capgraue faith, their sister. repented him thereof, and gaue in recompense to their mother a part of the Ile of Thanet to the building of a monasterie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 THe foresaid EdrikeEdricke. (after Lother was dead) got the dominion of Kent, and ruled as king thereof, but not without ciuill warre, insomuch that before he had reigned the full terme of two yeares, he was slaine in the same warre. Then Ceadwalla king of the Westsaxons being thereof aduertised, supposing of the time now to be come that would serue his purpose, as one still coueting to worke the Ken|tishmen all the displeasure he could, entred with an armie into theri covntrie, and began to waste and spoile the same on ech side, till finallie the Kentish|men assembled themselues togither, gaue battell to their enimies, and put them to flight. Mollo brother to Ceadwalla was driuen from his companie, and constrained to take an house for his refuge: but his enimies that pursued him set fire thereon, and bur|ned both the hosue and Mollo within it to ashes. Yet did not Ceadwalla herewith deaprt out of the coun|trie,Mollo bro|ther to king Ceadwalla burnt to death. but to wreake his wrath, and to reuenge the griefe which he tooke for the death of his brother, he wasted and destroied a great part of Kent yer he re|turned home, and left (as it were) in occasion to his successor also to pursue the quarell with reuen|ging. Wherein we sée the cankerd nature of man, speciallie in a case of wrong or displeasure; which we are so far from tollerating & forgiuing, that if with tooth and naile we be not permitted to take venge|ance, our hearts will breake with a full conceit of wrath. But the law of nature teacheth vs otherwise to be affected, namelie,

—per te nulli vnquam iniuria fiat,
Sed verbis alijsque modis fuge laedere quenquam,
Quod tibi nolles, alijs fecisse caueto,
Quódque tibi velles, alijs praestare studeto;
Haec est naturae lex optima, quam nisiad vnguem
Seruabis, non ipse Deo (mihi crede) placebis,
Póstque obitum infoelix non aurea sydera adibis.

Which lesson taught by nature, and commanded of God, if these men had followed (as they minded nothing lesse in the fier of their furie) they would haue béene content with a competent reuenge, and not in such outragious maner with fier and sword haue afflicted one another, nor (which is more than tigerlike crueltie) haue ministred occasion to poste|rities to reuenge wrongs giuen and taken of their ancestors. But we will let this passe without fur|ther discourse, meaning hereafter in due place to declare the processe.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Kentishmen being destitute of a king, after that diuers had coueted the place, and sought to at|teine thereto, as well by force as otherwise, to the great disquieting of that prouince for the space of 6 yeares togither, at length in the 7 yeare after E|dricks death, Withred an other of the sonnes of king Egbert,Withdredis made king [...] Kent. hauing with diligent trauell ouercome en|uie at home, & with monie redéemed peace abroad, was with great hope conceiued of his worthinesse made king of Kent, the 11 of Nobuember, & 205 after the death of Hengist, he reigned 33 yeares, not deceiuing his subiects of their good conceiued opi|nion of him: for ouercomming all his aduersaries which were readie to leuie ciuill warre against him, he also purchased peace of Inas king of the West|saxons, which ment to haue made him warre, till with monie he was made his friend.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 A little before that Withdred was confirmed in the kingdome of Kent, Hen, Hunt. Beda. lib. 5. Suebhard and Nidred kings by v|surpation and not by succe [...]|sion, as He [...] Hunt. wri|teth. there reigned two kings in that countrie, Suebhard and Nidred, or rather the same Withred, if the printed copie of Bedas booke intituled Ecclesiastica historia gentis Anglorum haue not that name corrupted: for where he sheweth that the archbishop Theodorus being of the age of 88 yeares, departed this life in the yeare of our Lord 690, in the next chapter he declareth, that in the yeare 692, the first daie of Iulie on Brightwald was chosen to succéed in the archbishops sée of Canturburie, Wi|thredus and Suebhardus as then reigning in Kent: but whether Withredus gouerned as then with Suebhardus, or that some other named Nidred, it forceth not: for certeine it is by the agréement of othere writers, that till Withdred obteined the whole rule, there was great strife and contention moued about the gouernement, and diuers there wre that sought and fought for it.Brightwald the first arch|bishop of the English na|tion. But this ought to be noted, that the forenamed Brightwald was the eight archbishop in number, and first of the English na|tion that sat in the sée of Canturburie: for the other seuen that were predecessors to him, were strangers borne, and sent hither from Rome.

¶Here endeth the line and gouernement of the Britains, now called Welshmen, which tooke that name of their duke or leader Wallo or Gallo; or else of a queene of Wales named Gales or Wales. But howsoeuer that name fell first vnto them, now they are called Welshmen, which sometime were called Britains or Brutons, and descended first of the Troians, and after of Brute, and lastlie of Mul|mucius Dunwallo: albeit they were mingled with sundrie other nations, as Romans, Picts, &c. and now they be called English that in their be|ginning were named Saxons or Angles. To con|clude therefore wiht this gouernement, so manie times intercepted by forren power, it appeareth by course of histories treating of these matters, that the last yeare of Cadwallader was the yeare of our Lord 686, which makes the yere of the world 4647. So that (as Fabian saith) the Britains had the grea|ter part of this land in rule (reckoning from Brute till this time) 1822 yeares. Which terme being expired, the whole dominion of this realme was Saxonish.

Thus farre the interrupted regiment of the Britains, ending at the fift booke.
EEBO page image 127

THE SIXT BOOKE of the Historie of England.

6.1. Inas king of the Westsaxons, the whole monarchie of the realme falleth into their hands, Inas for a summe of monie granteth peace to the Kentishmen, whom he was purposed to haue destroied, he & his coosen Nun fight with Ge|rent king of the Britains, and Cheolred king of Mercia, and Ealdbright king of Southsaxons, the end of their kingdoms, Inas giueth ouer his roialtie, goeth in pilgrimage to Rome, and there dieth; his lawes written in the Saxon toong; of what buildings he was the founder, queene Ethelburgas de|uise to persuade Inas to forsake the world, he was the first pro|curer of Peter pence to be paid to Rome; king Ethelred, king Kenred, and king Offa become moonks; the setting vp of images in this land authorised by a vision; king Ethelbalds exploits, he is slaine of his owne subiects by the suggesti|on of Bernred the vsurper, Boniface his letter of commendation to King Ethelbald, nuns kept for concubines, their pilgrimage. The first Chapter.

Inas king of the Westsaxons, the whole monarchie of the realme falleth into their hands, Inas for a summe of monie granteth peace to the Kentishmen, whom he was purposed to haue destroied, he & his coosen Nun fight with Ge|rent king of the Britains, and Cheolred king of Mercia, and Ealdbright king of Southsaxons, the end of their kingdoms, Inas giueth ouer his roialtie, goeth in pilgrimage to Rome, and there dieth; his lawes written in the Saxon toong; of what buildings he was the founder, queene Ethelburgas de|uise to persuade Inas to forsake the world, he was the first pro|curer of Peter pence to be paid to Rome; king Ethelred, king Kenred, and king Offa become moonks; the setting vp of images in this land authorised by a vision; king Ethelbalds exploits, he is slaine of his owne subiects by the suggesti|on of Bernred the vsurper, Boniface his letter of commendation to King Ethelbald, nuns kept for concubines, their pilgrimage. The first Chapter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 _AFter tht Ce|adwalla,Inas. 689 late K. of the Westsax|ons was gone to Rome, where he departed this life (as afore is shew|ed) his coosen I|nas or Ine was made king of the Westsaxons, be|gining his reigne in the yéere of our Lord 689, in the third yeere of the emperor Iustmianus the third, the 11 yéere of the reigne of Theodoricus K. of France, and about the second yéere of the reigne of Eugeni|us king of Scots. now because the rule of The Bri|tains commonlie called Welshmen,The Britains ceasse to reigne in this land. ceassed in this realme, as by confession of their owne writers it ap|péereth, and that in the end the whole monarchie of the same realme came to the hands of the kings of Westsaxons, we haue thought méet to refer things generall vnto the reignes of the same kings, as be|fore we did in the Britaine kings, reseruing the par|ticular dooings to the kings of the other prouinces or kingdoms, as the same haue fallen out, and shall come to hand.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 This Inas,Fabian. H. Hunt. whome some (mistaking N for U) doo wrongfullie name Iue or Iewe, prooued a right excellent prince, he was descended of the anci|ent linage of the kings of the Westsaxons, as sonne to one Kenred, that was sonne to Geolwald the son of Cutha or Cutwine, that was sonne to Kenricke the sonne of Certicus, the first king of Westsaxons. But he was admitted to the kingdome more for the valiant prowes knowne to rest in his woorthie per|son, than for the successiue of spring of which he was descended. The first [...]biage that he made, was a|gainst the Kentishmen, on whome he purposed to re|uenge the death of his coosen Mollo, the griefe where|of as yet he kept in fresh memorie.Mart. Wastm. Wil. Malm. But when the Kentishmen perceiued, that to resist him by force, they were nothing able, they attempted by monie to buy their peace, and so obteined their purpose, vpon paiment made to him of thirtie thousand marks of siluer.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 After this, about the 21 yéere of his reigne, Anno 708, as is noted by Matt. West. king Inas and his coosen Nun fought with Gerent king of the Britains. In the beginning of the battell, one Higelbald a noble man of the Westsaxons part was slaine,H. Hunt. but in the end Gerent with his Britains was chased. In the 26 yéere of his reigne, the same Inas fought a mightie battell against Cheolred king of Mercia, Matt. VVest. saith 718. at Wodenessburie, with doubtfull victorie, for it could not well be iudged whether part susteined greater losse. In the 36 yéere of his reigne, king I|nas inuaded the Southsaxons with a mightie ar|mie, and slue in battell Ealdbright or Aldinius king of the Southsaxons, and ioined that kingdome vnto the kingdome of the Westsaxons: Matth. West. saith 722. The end of the kingdome of the South|saxons. so that from thencefoorth the kingdome of those Southsaxons ceassed, after they had reigned in that kingdome by the space of fiue kings successiuelie, that is to say, Ella, Cissa, Ethelwalke, Berutius, and this last Al|dinius or Ealdbright.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Finallie, when Inas had reigned 37 yéeres, and 10 or 11 od moneths, he renounced the rule of his kingdome, togither with all worldlie pompe, and went vnto Rome as a poore pilgrime,Inas went to Rome and there died. and there en|ded his life: but before this, during the time of his reigne, he shewed himselfe verie deuout and zealous towards the aduancement of the christian religion. He made and ordeined also good & wholesome lawes for the amendment of maners in the people, which are yet extant and to be read, written in the Saxon toong, and translated into the Latine in times past, and now latelie againe by William Lambert gentle|man, and printed by Iohn Day, in the yéere 1568, togither with the lawes and statutes of other kings before the conquest, as to the learned maie appéere.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 Moreouer, king Ine builded the monasterie of Glastenburie,Polydor. where Ioseph of Arimathea in times past builded an oratorie or chappell (as before is reci|ted) when he with other christians came into this land in the daies of Aruiragus, & taught the gospell heere to the Britains, conuerting manie of them to the faith. Moreouer, king Ine or Inas builded the church of Welles, dedicating it vnto saint Andrew, where afterwards a bishops sée was placed, which at length was translated vnto Salisburie. He had to wife one Ethelburga,Ethelburga. a woman of no [...]le linage, who had béene earnest with him a long time to persuade him to forsake the world: but she could by no meanes bring hir purpose to passe,Will. Malmes. till vpon a time the king and she had lodged at a manor place in the countrie, where all prouision had béene made for the receiuing of them and their traine in most sumptuous maner that might be, as well in rich furniture of houshold, as also in costlie viands, and all other things need|full, EEBO page image 128 or that might serue for pleasure, and when they were departed, the quéene the foresaid Ethelburga caused the keeper of that house to remooue all the bedding, hangings,The deuise of quéene Ethel|burga to per|suade hir hus|band to for|sake the world and other such things as had béen brought thither and ordeined for the beautifull set|ting foorth of the hosue, and in place thereof to bring ordure, straw, & such like filth, as well into the cham|bers and hall, as into all the houses of office, and that doone, to laie a fow with pigs in the place where be|fore the kings bed had stood. Héerevpon when she had knowledge that euerie thing was ordered according to hir appointment, she persuaded the king to re|turne thither againe, feining occasions great and ne|cessarie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Now when he was returned to that house, which before séemed to the eie a palace of most pleasure, and now finding it in such a filthie state as might loath the stomach of anie man to behold the same, she tooke occasion therevpon to persuade him to the considera|tino of the vaine pleasures of this world, which in a moment turne to naught, togither with the corrup|tion of the flesh, being a filthie lumpe of claie, after it should once be dissolued by death: and in fine, where before she had spent much labour to mooue him to re|nounce the world, though all in vaine, yet now the beholding of that change in his pleasant place, wherein so late he had taken great delight, wrought such an alteration in his mind, that hir woords lastlie tooke effect: so that he resigned the kingdome to his coosen Ethelard, and went himselfe to Rome (as a|boue is mentioned) and his wife became a nun in the abbeie of Barking, where she was made ab|besse, and finallie there ended hir life. This Inas was the first that caused the monie called Peter pence, to be paid vnto the bishop of Rome,Peter pence. which was for eue|rie houshold within his dominion of penie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 5 In this meane time Edilred or Ethelred, hauing gouerned the kingdome of Mercia by the tearme of 29 yéeres,King Ethel|red becom|meth a moonk. Ostrida. became a moonke in the abbeie of Barde|nie, and after was made abbat of that house. He had to wife one Ostrida the sister of Egfride king of Northumberland, by whome he had a sonne named Ceolred. But he appointed Kenred the sonne of his brother Uulfher to succéed him in the kingdome. The said Ostrida was cruellie slaine by the treason of hir husbands subiects, Beda in Epit. 697 King Kenred about the yéere of our Lord 697. And as for Kenred, he was a prince of great vertue deuout towards God, a furtherer of the common|wealth of his countrie, and passed his life in great sinceritie of maners. In the fift yéere of his reigne, he renounced the world, and went to Rome, togither with Offa king of the Eastsaxons, where he was made a moonke: and finallie died there, in the yéere of our Lord 711.711 Nauclerus. Egwin bishop of Worcester. By the aid and furtherance of this Kenred, a moonke of saint Benets order (called Eg|win) builded the abbbie of Eueshame, who after|wards was made bishop of Worcester.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 ¶We find recorded by writers,A fabulous and trifling deuise. that this Egwin had warning giuen him by visions (as he constant|lie affirmed before pope Constantine) to set vp an image of our ladie in his church. Wherevpon the pope approouing the testifications of this bishop by his buls, writ to Brightwald archbishop of Cantur|burie, to assemble a synod, and by authoritie thereof to establish the vse of images, charging the kings of this land to be present at the same synod, vpon paine of excommunication. This synod was holden about the yéere of our Lord 712,Bale. 712 in the daies of Inas king of Westsaxons, and of Ceolred king of Mercia suc|cessor to the foresaid Kenred.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 After Kenred succéeded Ceolred, the sonne of his vncle Edilred, & died in the 8 yeere of his reigne, and was buried at Lichfield.H. Hunt. Then succéeded Ethel|baldus that was descended of Eopa the brother of king Penda, as the fourth from him by lineall suc|cession. This man gouerned a long time without a|nie notable trouble: some warres he had, and sped di|uerslie.Ran. Cestre [...]. In the 18 yéere of his reigne, he besieged Sommerton and wan it. He also inuaded Northum|berland, and got there great riches by spoile and pil|lage, which he brought from thence without anie bat|tell offered to him.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 He ouercame the Welshmen in battell,Hen. Hunt. being then at quiet, and ioined as confederats with Cuthred K. of Westsaxons. But in the 37 yéere of his reigne, he was ouercome in battell at Bereford by the same Cuthred,Bereford. with whome he was fallen at variance, and within foure yéeres after, that is to say, in the 41 yéere of his reigne, he was slaine in battell at Se|candon,755 Three miles from Tam|woorth. Wil. Malm. or Sekenton, by his owne subiects, which ar|reared warres against him, by the procurement and leading of one Bernred. who after he had slaine his naturall prince, tooke vpon him the kingdome: but he prospered not long, being slaine by Offa that suc|céeded him in rule of the kingdome of Mercia, as af|ter shall be shewed. The bodie of Ethelbald was bu|ried at Ripton.758 Matth. West.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 Bonifacius the archbishop of Mentz or Moguntz,The historie of Magd. hauing assembled a councell with other bishops and doctors, deuised a letter, and sent it vnto this E|thelbald, commending him for his good deuotion and charitie in almes-giuing to the reliefe of the poore, and also for his vpright dealing in administration of iustice, to the punishment of robbers and such like misdooers: but in that he absteined from mariage, and wallowed in filthie lecherie with diuerse wo|men, and namelie with nuns, they sore blamed him, and withall declared in what in famie the whole En|glish nation in those daies remained by common re|port in other countries for their licentious liuing in sinfull fornication, and namelie the most part of the noble men of Mercia by his euill example did forsake their wiues, and defloured other women which they kept in adulterie, as nuns and others.Nuns kept for concu|bines. Moreouer, he shewed how that such euill women, as well nuns as other, vsed to make awaie in secret wise their chil|dren which they bare out of wedlocke, and so filled the graues with dead bodies, and hell with damned soules. The same Bonifacius in an other epistle which he wrote vnto Cutbert the archbishop of Can|turburie, counselled him not to permit the English nuns to wander abroad so often on pilgrimage,Pilgrimage of nuns. bi|cause there were few cities either in France or Lombardie, wherein might not be found English women, that liued wantonlie in fornication and whordome.