1.13. Of such waters as fall into the sea in compasse of
the Iland, betweene the Sauerne a [...]d the Humber. Chap.
14.
Of such waters as fall into the sea in compasse of
the Iland, betweene the Sauerne a [...]d the Humber. Chap.
14.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 _THe Sauerne being thus de|scribed, it resteth that I go forward with the names of
those that lie vpon the coast of Southwales, making my
en|trie at the ferrie ouer be|tweene Aust in
Glocester|shire, and a village on the fur|ther banke
of Sauerne,Wie mouth. not
farre from Tarenda|cus chappell, in the mouth of the
riuer Wie, which ferrie is about three miles ouer
(saith Leland) or else my
memorie dooth faile me.Guie aliàs
Wie. This riuer Guie or Wie beginneth (as I
said before) on the side of the hilles where the
Sauerne dooth arise, and passing through Wenceland,
that is, southeast by Raiader Guie to Buelt (where the
Irwon meeteth withall) it goeth to Glasburie,
Hereford, Monmouth, and finallie into the Sauerne sea
at Chepstow: for so they call Mon|hafren, which
seuereth Wales from Summerset|shire, Deuonshire,
Cornewall: as for the Rhidoll which is the third
sister, it hath the shortest course of all, for it runneth northward, and into the
sea at A|beristwith, which is not farre off, as the
writers doo report.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
Leland writing of this riuer Guie or Wie
saith thus; The Wie goeth thorough all Herefordshire
by Bradwarden castell, belonging to sir Richard
Ue|han, and so to Hereford east, thence eight miles to
Rosse,Umber a fish onelie in the
Wie. a market towne in Herefordshire: and in
this riuer be vmbers, otherwise called grailings. It
is also found by common experience, that the
salmon of this riuer is in
season, when the like fish to be found in all other
riuers is abandoned and out of vse; wher|of we of the
east parts doo not a little maruell. But let vs not
staie vpon these descriptions, sith an other is come
to my hand more exact than either of these.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Guie therefore riseth out of the blacke
moun|teines of Wales, out of which the Sauerne
spring|eth in Radnorshire, and comming by Lhangerike,
and Raiadargoie, it receiueth one rill from the west
called Darnoll,Darnoll. and
another from by northeast com|ming
by saint Harmon. Thence it goeth to Lhanu|thell, and
in the waie betwixt Raiader and Lhanu|thell, it
ioineth with the Elland,Elland. whose head is neere to Comerrstwith,
and taketh likewise into him the ClardwenClardwen. that diuideth for a
season Radnorshire from Brecknoch, which Clardwen is
likewise in|creased by the Clarthie within thrée miles
of his head and lesse, hauing his course from
southwest & hillie soile adiacent. From
Lhanuthell it goeth west of Dissart, where it
receiueth the Ithan,Ithan. a
riuer rising aboue Lhanibister, and from whence it
runneth to Landwie, and Lambaderne vawr: beneath which
it crosseth a water on ech side, whereof that on the
right hand consisteth on the DulesseDulesse. and the Clue|doch,Cluedoch. after their
confluence: the other hight Loma|ron, whose head is
aboue Lanihangle,Lamaron.
and in the for|rest of Blethwag. After these
confluences, it run|neth on crinkeling in strange
manner, vnder the name of Ithor, till it come to
Dissart, taking in the HawieHawie. on the left side yer it come there, and
then in|to the Wie on the north side, which directeth
his course further to Bealt, where it receiueth the
Yr|won,Yrwon. a notable
streame, descending from the hilles aboue Lanihangle
Abergwessen, and thence com|ming downe by Lanurid Lang
marsh, Lanauan, Uechan, Langantan, and so to Beth or
Bealt, being inlarged by the waie with sundrie faire
waters, as the Weuereie,Weuereie. whose head is about Lanauan moore,
the Dulasse,Dulasse. or (as
some call it) the Dowlasse, that commeth from the
hilles west of the head of Weue|reie. The Comarch
whose head and course is west of the Dowlasse on the
north side, and likewise by two other on the
southwest, and Dilasse from by south|west, which last
rehearsed falleth into him halfe a mile and more aboue
the influence of the ComarchComarch. which lieth on the other side.
After this our Yrwon goeth to Lhanuareth,Dulesse. where it crosseth the
DehonDehon. on the
southwest side, then to Aberedwie, and there
re|ceiueth the EdwieEdwie.
on the northeast, which ariseth in the hilles aboue
Botins chappell, and commeth downe by Crigend and
Lanhaderne, thence the Guie goeth on to Lanstephan,
and there (or a little aboue)Machaweie. taketh in the Machaweie that
commeth by castell Paine, and so going on in processe
of time with the Leuenni,Leuenni. whereof Leland in his
commen|taries doth write as here insueth.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Leuenni, otherwise called the EuerEuer. or Eue|rie,Euerie. is a farre streame
rising in Welch Talgarth hard by Blaine Leuenni, among
the Atterill hilles, from whence it goeth to Brecknoch
mere, which is two miles long, and a mile broad, and
where men doo fish in Vniligneis or botes of
one peece, as they doo in Lhin Seuathan, which is
foure miles from Breck|noch. Finallie, bringing great
store of red sand withall,Brennich. and there with the Brennich water
(that hath his originall issue at Mennith gader, and
is in|creased with the Trufrin)Trufrin. it falleth into the Wie aboue
Glesbiri [...] three miles from Haie, at a place that
of the onelie fall of this brooke is named
Aberle|nenni, after this the Guie. Being come to Haie,
a pretie towne where much Romane coine is found, which
they call Iewes monie: and after it hath pas|sed or
crossed a little brooke, which commeth from La|nigon,
it meeteth with the DulesseDulesse. that commeth also from the Atterill
by Kersop, and from thence go|eth to Clifford castell
(being now entred into Here|fordshire, and leauing
Radnor, wherevnto it hath for a long course béene
march) then to the Whitneies, Winferton, Letton,
Bradwarden, Broberie, Mo|nington, Biford,
Bridgesalers, Eaton, Brinton, and Hereford, without
anie influence of riuer wor|thie of memorie, and yet
with manie windlesses, & there méeteth with a
water rising short of Wormes|leie, which goeth by
Maunsell, Lacie, Brinsop, Crod|nell, Stretton, and
Huntington, and soone after into the Wie, beside a
little rill that runneth betwéene them both euen into
Hereford towne. From hence in like sort the Wie
hasteth to Rotheras church, Hampton, and Mor [...]ford, where it taketh in sundrie waters in one
chanell, of which the Lug or LuieLug. is the principall, and next of all to
be described, before I go anie further with the course
of the Wie, wherein|to it dischargeth the chanell. It
riseth in the edge of the forrest of Kemples aboue
Langunlo: from whence it goeth to Momonacht, Pilleth
Whitton, Fuldibrooke, Prestaine, so into
Herefordshire, where betwéene Bonie & Beton,
or Bitton, it receiueth in the Somergill, whose
crotched head being march EEBO page image 73 to
Radnor forrest, directeth his streame betweene the new
and old Radnors, to Knill, to Nash, and so into the
Lug, which presentlie passeth by Kinsham, Shir|leie,
Ailmister, Kingsland, Eaton chappell, and so in|to
Lemister, where it crosseth the Oneie (a streame|let
rising short of Shobden, and going by Chorlester) a
little before it come to the west side of the towne.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 At Lemister it selfe in like sort three waters doo
méet, and almost inuiron the towne, that is to saie,
the Lug, the Pinfulleie or PinsellPinsell. (a riueret rising at Kingsland two miles from Lemister) & the
Ken|brooke,Kenbrooke.
which commeth out of the blacke mounteins, from
Lemister, otherwise called Leofminster, of the
builder, and also Leonminster, the Lug or Luie goeth
on to Eaton, and there taketh in a rill beneath
Hampton, and aboue Hope, whereof one head is be|twéene
Hatfield and Bickleton, another neere vnto Marston,
and méeting of both at Humber. From Hampton it goeth
to Bodenham, Wellington, Morton, Sutton, Shelwijc,
Lugwardin, and Long|ward, where it
crosseth the FromeieFromeie.
or Frome, a pretie water, and worthie to be remembred.
It ri|seth about Wolferelaw, from whence it commeth
downe toward the southest by Edwinsloch to Brom|yard,
Auenburie, Bishops Frome, Castell Frome, Can
Frome,Loden aliás Acton.
to Stretton vpon Frome, and there taking in a water
called Loden, comming from a|boue Bishops Grendon, by
Pencombe, Cowarne, Stoke Lacie, Cowarne, and Engleton,
our Frome goeth on to Yarkeleie, Dornington, and
Long|ward, and so into the Lug,
betweene Longward and Suston, which runneth foorthwith
to Mordford, or Morthford, and there into the Wie,
vnto whose de|scription I now returne againe.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being come therefore vnto Mordford, it goeth to
Fawnehope, Hamlacie, Ballingham, Capull
regis, where it receiueth a water called
Treske, from little Berch by Treske,Treske. Fawleie, How, Capull Inkeston, Foie,
Brampton, Bridstow, Wilton castell, the Rosse, and
there a rill from Bishops Uptonward by Rudhall, Weresend, Ham, Glewston,
Godderich, here in like sort meeting with another that
commeth from Ecleswall in the confines of
Glocestershire, by Peniard castell & Coughton,
to Welch Bicknor, English Bicknor, Huntesham,
including a parcell of Monmouthshire, being an
outliggand, as ye may find in that parcell of
Herefordshire which butteth vpon Glocestershire (as
you shall find the like peece of Herefordshire in the
confines of Salop and Wor|cester, wherein Rochford
standeth, beside manie o|ther which
I haue elsewhere spoken of) Whitchurch, where it
taketh in Gainar water that commeth from Much Birch,
by Lanwarne, Michaell church, and at Langarran
crosseth the GarranGainar.
brooke,Garran. that riseth
in Gregwood, short of Arcop, six miles from Monemouth
by northwest: after which these two doo runne as one
to Marston, and almost Whitchurch, and so into the
Wie, which goeth from thence to Gunnarew, S. Michaell,
Dixton, and Monemouth, where I will staie a while,
till I haue described the
Mone,Mona. next of all to
be remembred here.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Mona or Monbecke, riseth in the forrest of Hene,
twentie miles from Monemouth by west in Eirisland, and
going by Creswell, or Craswall chap|pell not farre
from the marches of Brecknocke, and northeast of
Hatuill hils,Elkon. which
after it hath run a good distance from the head
receiueth first the Eskle,Eskill. and passeth by La [...]hangle and the old
Court, from northweast, then the Olcon, from
southwest, which meeteth withall neere Cledoll or
Knedoch, & passing by the old towne, it
hasteth to Altrinis, where it be|commeth march
betwêene Hereford and Mone|mouth shires, and taketh in
a water comming by Trewin, & likewise the
HordwieHordwie. or Hodneie
which riseth in Brecknocke among the Saterelles,
& run|neth by Capell a fin, Lantonie, Cumroie,
Michaell church in Monemouthshire, and ioineth with
our Mona at Altrinis, which after this confluence
hast|eth to Walderstone, Lansillo Langua, betwéene
which and Kinechurch it ioineth with the Doure that
riseth about the Bache aboue Dourston, which is six
miles aboue DoureDoure.
abbie, so that it runneth through the Gilden dale, by
Peterchurch, Fowchurch, More|hampton, Newcourt, Doure,
and beneath Doure ta|keth in the Dulesse,Dulesse. from southwest and
Lanihan|gle, by Harleswas castell on the one side, and
yer long the Wormesbecke,Wormesbecke. descending from aboue
Ke|uernall by Didleie, Deuerox, Workebridge, and
Kenderchurch on the other, and so running all in one
chanell vnto Mona, that riuer goeth on to Kinech
church, Grismond, Cardwaie, Skenfrith, Warne|thall,
Perthire, and so to Monemouth, where it mee|teth with
the Wie, ouer each of which riuers Mone|muth towne
hath his particular bridge.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 The Guie or Wie therefore being incresed with thus
manie brookes and waters, passeth on from hence, and
going toward Landogo, it meeteth with the TrollieTrollie. becke, whose head is
aboue Lannam fer|rie in the north part of Monemouth
shire, and goeth from thence by Lhantellio, Lanhangle,
Grace|diue, Diggestow, Wonastow, Troie, and so into
Wie, that runneth also by Wies wood chase, taking in
there the ElwieElwie. that
commeth from aboue Lan|delwie by Langowen, Lannissen,
Penclase, Tri|legh, and Langogo, where méeting with
the aforesaid streame, the Wie directeth his course
from thence by Tinterne abbeie (where it crosseth a
rill from Trile grange) Chapell hill, Parcasicke,
Penterie chapell, Lancante, Chepstowe, and so into the
sea, leauing the Treacle (a chappell standing on a
rocke) on the hand betweene it & Sauerne, ouer
against the point that lieth south of Betteslie. Next
vnto the Wie, I find a rill of no great course,
comming downe from Mounton chappell, by a place of the
bishops of Lan|daffe. Thence passing by Charston
rocke, and the point whereon Trinitie chappell
standeth, I come vn|to the fall of Trogie,Trogie. which riseth short of
Trogie ca|stell, and runneth toward the sea, by
Landuair, Dew|ston, Calicot, and so into the Ocean,
ouer against the Charston rocke. The next fall is of a
water that com|meth from aboue Penho by saint
Brides,Dennie I|land in the
middest of the Sauerne, and likewise an|other litle
one called Beue|rage. north and by west of
Dennie Iland, which lieth midwaie be|tweene that fall
& Porshot point, and before I touch at
Goldcliffe point, I crosse another fall of a fresh
brooke, whose head is aboue Landueigo in Wence|wood,
and course by Lhanbed, Langston, Lhan|warme, and
through the More to Witston.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Next vnto this is the Aberwish, or Wiske,Wiske. in Latine Osca, whereon
Caerleon standeth, sometime called Chester and
Ciuitas legionum, bicause the Ro|mans
soiourned there, as did afterward Arthur the great,
who also held a noble parlement in the same, whereof
Galfride maketh mention Lib. 7.
cap. 4. affirming thereto, that in those daies
the maiestie thereof was such, as that all the
forefronts of their houses were in maner laid ouer
with gold, accor|ding to the Romane vsage. There was
in the same in like sort a famous vniuersitie, wherein
were 200 philosophers; also two goodlie churches
erected in the remembrance of Iulius and Aaron, two
Brittish martyrs, whereby it might well be reputed for
the third metropoliticall sée in Britaine. But to our
wa|ter, whereof I read that it is furthermore one of
the greatest in Southwales, and huge ships might well
come to the towne of Caerleon, as they did in the time
of the Romans, if Newport bridge were not a let vnto
them; neuerthelesse, big botes come thereto. It is
eight Welsh or twelue English miles from EEBO page image 74 Chepstow or Strigull, and of some thought
to be in base Wenceland, though other be of the
contrarie opinion. But howsoeuer the matter standeth,
this ri|uer is taken to be the bounds of
Brechnockshire, as Renni is middle to Wenceland
& Glamorganshire. But to leaue these
by-matters, and come to the de|scription of the water.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 You shall vnderstand that the Uske or Wiske,Uske. in Latin Osca
riseth in the blacke mounteins ten miles aboue
Brechnocke toward Carmardine, the hill
be|ing properlie called Yminidh
Duy out of which it falleth, and situate in the verie
confines betwéene Brechnocke and Carmardine shires,
from whence winding into the northeast, it commeth to
Treca|stle, and in the waie betwéene it and Capell
Rid|burne, it taketh in the Craie brooke,Craie. on the right hand before
it come to Ridburne chappell. Going also from thence
toward Deuinocke, it crosseth the Sen|neie on the same
side (which riseth aboue Capell Senneie) next of all
the Camblas,Sennie.
& at Aberbraine, the
Brane,Camblas. or the
Bremich, whose head is thrée miles from
Brechnocke,Brane. and
running by Lanihangle, it méeteth I saie with the
Uske, about master Awbries manor.yster. Beneath Aber Yster, it receiueth the
Yster, which riseth northwest aboue Martyr Kinoch, and
commeth by Battell chappell, and going from thence by
Lanspithed and Newton, it runneth in the end to
Brechnocke,Hodneie. where
it taketh in the Hodneie or Hon|thie on the one side,
whose head is in Blaine Hod|neie, and comming downe
from thence by Defrune chappell,
Lanthangle and Landiuilog, it méeteth with the Uske or
Brechnocke townes end, which of the fall of this water
was sometime called Aberhodni, as I haue beene
informed: on the other halfe likewise it receiueth the
Tertarith that riseth among the Bane hils,Tertarith. fiue miles from
Brechnocke, and commeth like|wise into the verie
suburbs of the towne, beneath Trenewith, or new Troie,
whereby it taketh the course.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 After these confluences, the Uske procéedeth
on toward Aberkinurike,Kinuricke. or the fall of a
water whose head is in the roots of Menuchdennie hill,
and passage by Cantresse. Thence it goeth by
Lanhamlaghe, Penkethleie castell, Lansanfreid,
Landettie, Lan|gonider, and soone after receiuing the
RiangallRiangall. (which
riseth about the hill whereon Dinas castell standeth,
and runneth by Lanihangle and Tretoure) it passeth
betwéene Laugattocke and Cerigkho|well, to Langroinie,
and there about crosseth the Groinie brooke,Groini. that descendeth from
Monegather, Arthur hill, by Peter
church, as I find. When the Uske is past this brooke,
it taketh in thrée other short rils, from by south
within a little distance, whereof the first hight
Cledoch Uaur,Cledoch vaur.
the second Fidan,Fidan. and
the third Cledochvehan.Cledochvehã. Of these also the last falleth
in néere to Lanwenarth. From hence the Uske run|neth
to Abergeuenni towne, where it méeteth with the Kebbie
water from by north,Kebbie.
Geuenni. that riseth short of Bettus chappell
aboue the towne, and the Geuennie that descendeth from
aboue Landilobartholl beneath not
farre from Colbroke, and so goeth on to Hard|wijc,
beneath which it crosseth thrée namelesse rilles, on
the right hand or southwest side before it come at
Lanihangle vpon Uske, of whose courses I know not anie
more than that they are not of anie length, nor the
chanell of sufficient greatnesse seuerallie to intreat
of.Birthin. Caer vske standeth on
one side of Uske, and Caerleon on the other, but
Caer vske by diuerse miles further into the
land. Betwéene Kemmeis and Trostreie it meeteth
with such an other rill that commeth downe by Bettus
Newith. Thence it goeth to Caer Uske or Brenbigeie
(whose bridge, I mene that of Uske, was ouerthrowne by
rage of this riuer, in the six and twentith yeare of
king Henrie the eight, vpon saint Hughes daie after a
great snow) but yer it come there, it receiueth the
Birthin on the right hand, which is a pretie water,
descending from two heads, whereof the first is
northwest of Manihilot, as the other is of Lanihangle
and Pentmorell.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3 Next vnto this it ioineth with the Elwie aboue
Lanbadocke,Elwie. whose
head is east of Penclase, and running westwards by
Penclase, Lanislen, Lan|gowen (and beneath Landewie
taking in a brooket from Ragland castell, that commeth
downe thither by Ragland parke) it bendeth southwest,
vntill it come at the Uske, which crinkling towards
the south, and going by Lanhowell, méeteth with three
rilles before it come to Marthenie chappell, whereof
the first lieth on the right hand, and the other on
the left: the midlemost falling into the same, not
farre from Lantressen, as I haue béene informed. From
the mouth of the Romeneie to the mouth of the Taffe
are two miles. Certes the Taffe is the grea|test riuer
in all Glamorganshire, called (by Ptolo|mie
Rhatostathybius, as I gesse) and the citie
Taffe it selfe of good countenance, sith it is indued
with the cathedrall see of a bishop. The course of the
water in like maner is verie swift, and bringeth off
such logs and bodies of trées withall from the wooddie
hilles, that they doo not seldome cruth the bridge in
peeces, but for so much as it is made with timber it
is repai|red with lighter cost, wheras if it were of
hard stone, all the countrie about would hardlie be
able to a|mend it. It riseth in Brechnockshire among
the woo|die hilles, from two heads, whereof one is in
Mo|nuchdenie, the other west of that mounteine, of
which the first called Taffe vaure, goeth by Capell
lan ve|han, Uainor, and Morlais, the other by Capell
Nan|tie, and ioining at southwest beneath Morlais
castle, they go to Martyr Tiduill, and toward
Lannabor, but by the waie it taketh in from northwest
a brooke called Cunnon, which commeth out of
Brechnock|shire by Abardare, and afterward the Rodneie
com|ming out of the same quarter (but not out of the
same shire) which runneth by Estridinodoch, a
crot|ched brooke, & therefore diuided into
Rodneie vaure, & Rodneie vehan, that being
ioined with the Taffe, doth run on withall to
Eglefilian, castle Coch, Whit|church, Landaffe,
Cardiffe, and so into the sea, not far from Pennarth
point, where also the Laie dooth bid him welcome vnto
his chanell or streame. Further|more, from Marthellie
it hasteth to Kemmeis, and yer it come at Caerleon or
Chester in the south, ta|keth in two waters on the
right hand, of which the first commeth downe from the
north betweene Landgwie, Landgweth, and by Lhan
Henoch, with|out anie further increase: but the other
is a more beautifull streame, called Auon, and thus
described as I find it among my pamphlets.Auon. The Auon riseth in the
hilles that séeme to part Monemouth and Brechenocke
shires in sunder, and after a rill recei|ued from
Blorench hill on the northside of the same, running
downe from thence by Capell Newith and Triuethin, it
receiueth a water from by south almost of equall
course, and from that quarter of the coun|trie, and in
processe of time anotehr little one from the same
side, yer it come to Lanurgwaie and La|nihangle, from
whence it goeth to Euennocke and Penrose, & so
in Uske before it go by Caerleon. But here you must
note, that the course of this streame ioining beneath
Quenocke chappell, with the other which descendeth (as
I said) from the hilles about foure miles aboue
Landgwaie and Langweth, dooth make an Iland aboue
Caerleon, where Penrose standeth, & much
Romane coine is found of all sorts, so that the
influence of the one into the other séemeth to me to
be but a draine deuised by man, to kéepe the citie
from the violence of such water as other|wise would
oft annoie the same.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being past Caerleon it runneth to Crindie, where EEBO page image 75 maister Harbert dwelleth, and
there carieng ano|ther brooke withall, that riseth
north of Tomberlow hill, and descendeth by Henlis and
Bettus chappell, it runneth forth to Newport (in Welch
castle, Newith) and from thence vnder a bridge, after
thrée or foure miles course to the sea, taking the
Ebowith water withall,Ebowith. which méeteth with the same almost in
the verie mouth or fall, and riseth in the edge of
Breck|noch shire, or (as Leland saith) high
Winceland, from two heads, of which one is called
Eberith Ue|han, the other Eberith
Mawr, as I haue beene infor|med. The course of the
first head is by Blamgrent, and after the confluence
they passe togither by Lan|hileth, and comming by west
of Tomberlow hill (crossing a rill, from north east by
the waie) it taketh in thereabout the Serowie,Serowie. that runneth by
Tre|strent, & is of lesse race hitherto than
the Ebowith, and from that same quarter. After this
confluence it goeth to Risleie, Rocheston castell,
next of all tho|rough a parke, and so by Greenefield
castell, and is not long yer it
fall into the sea, being the last issue that I doo
find in the countie, which beareth the name of
Monemouth, and was in old time a part of the re|gion
of the Silures.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Romeneie orRomeneie.
(as some corruptlie call it) the Nonneie, is a goodlie
water, and from the head a march betwéene Monemouth
& Glamorgan shires. The head hereof is aboue
Egglins Tider vap Hoell otherwise called Fanum
Theodori, or the church of Theodorus,
whence commeth manie springs, &
ta|king one bottome, the water is
called Canoch and not Romeneie till it be come to
Romeneie. It recei|ueth no water on the east side, but
on the west di|uerse small beckes, whereof three (and
one of them called Ifra) are betwéene the rising and
Brathetere chappell, the fourth cõmeth in by Capell
Gledis, and Kethligaire, the first from betwéene the
Faldraie and Lanuabor, the sixt & seuenth
before it come to Bed|was, and the eight ouer against
Bedwas it selfe from chappell Martin, Cairfillie
castell, and Thauan, after which
confluences it runneth on by Maghan, Keuen, Mableie
and Romeneie, & yer long crossing a becke at
north west that commeth from aboue Lis|uan, Lamssen
and Roch, it falleth into the sea, about six miles
from the Wishe, and albeit the mouth ther|of be
nothing profitable for ships, yet is it also a march
betwéene the Silures and Glamorganshire.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Laie falleth into the sea a mile almost from the
Taffe,Laie. and riseth in
the hilles aboue Lantrissent (for all the region is
verie hillie.) From whence com|ming
by Lantrissent and Auercastell, it runneth by Coit
Marchan parke, Lambedder, S. Brides, Lhan|nihangle,
saint Fagans and Elaie, Leckwith, Lan|dowgh,
Cogampill, and so into the sea, without anie maner
increase by anie rils at all sauing the
Dune|lais,Dunelais. which
riseth foure miles from his fall,Methcoid. east north|east, and meeteth
withall a little more than a quar|ter of a mile from
Pont Uelim Uaur,Pedware. and
likewise by west, the Methcoid that commeth from
Glinne Rodeneie, and wherein to the Pedware
dischargeth that small water
gathered in his chanell. Here will I staie a little
and breake off into a discourse, which Leland
left also as parcell of this coast who toucheth it
after this maner.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 From Taffe to Laie mouth or Ele riuer a mile,Laie. from Laie mouth (or rather
Penarth, that standeth on the west point of it)Thawan. to the mouth of Thawan
ri|uer (from whence is a common passage ouer vnto
Mineheued in Summersetshire of 17 miles) are a|bout
seuen Welth miles, which are counted after this maner.
A mile and a halfe aboue Thawan is Scilleie
hauenetScilleie. (a pretie
succour for ships) whose head is in Wenno paroch two
miles and a halfe from the shore.Barrie. From Scilleie mouth to Aber Bar|rie
a mile, and thither commeth a little rill of fresh
water into Sauerne,This Ile went
fiftie yeares agone for x. pounds. whose head
is scant a mile off in plaine ground by northeast, and
right against the fall of this becke lieth Barrie
Iland a flight shot from the shore at the full sea.
Halfe a mile aboue A|ber Barrie is the mouth of Come
kidie,Come kidie which
riseth flat north from the place where it goeth into
the Sa|uerne, and serueth oft for harbour vnto
sea-farers. Thence to the mouth of Thawan are thrée
miles, wherevnto ships may come at will.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Two miles aboue Thawan is Colhow,Colhow. whither a little rill resorteth from
Lau Iltuit, thence to the mouth of Alen foure miles,
that is a mile to saint Dinothes castell, and thrée
miles further.Alen. The Alen
riseth by northeast vp into the land at a place called
Lhes Broimith, or Skirpton, about foure miles a|boue
the plot where it commeth by it selfe into Sa|uerne.
From thence to the mouth of Ogur aliàs
GurOgur. thrée miles. Then
come they in processe of time vnto the Kensike or
Colbrooke riuer, which is no great thing,Kensike. sith it riseth not
aboue three miles from the shore.Auon. From Kensike to Aber Auon two miles,
and herein doo ships molested with weather oftentimes
séeke harborough. It commeth of two armes, whereof
that which lieth northeast is called Auon Uaur, the
o|ther that lieth northwest Auon Uehan. They meet
togither at Lhanuoie Hengle, about two miles a|boue
Aber Auon village, which is two miles also from the
sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 From hence to the Neth is about two miles and a
halfe,Neth. thereon come
shiplets almost to the towne of Neth from the Sauerne.
From the mouth of Neth vnto the mouth of Crimline
becke is two miles, and being passed the same we come
vnto the Tauie,Tauie. which
descendeth from the aforesaid hilles and falleth into
the sea by east of Swanseie. Being past this we come
vnto the Lichwr,Lochar. or
Lochar mouth, and then gli|ding by the Wormes
head,Wandres. we passed to
the Wan|dresmouth, wherof I find this description
following in Leland.
Uendraith Uaur, Uen|draith Uehan. Both
Uendraith Uaur and Uendraith Uehan rise in a péece of
Carmardineshire, called Issekenen, that is to saie,
the low quarter about Kennen riuer, and betwixt the
heads of these two hils is another hill, wherein be
stones of a gréenish colour, whereof the inhabitants
make their lime. The name of the hill that Uendraith
Uaur riseth in, is called Mennith Uaur, and therein is
a poole as in a moorish ground, named Lhintegowen,
where the principall spring is, and this hill is eight
or nine miles From Kidwellie: the hill that Uendraith
Ue|han springeth out of, is called Mennith Uehan, and
this water commeth by Kidwellie towne.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 But about thrée or foure miles yer it come thither,
it receiueth a brooke called Tresgirth, the course
whereof is little aboue a mile from the place where it
goeth into Uendraith, and yet it hath foure or fiue
tucking milles and thrée corne milles vpon it. At the
head of this brooke is an hole in the hilles side,
where men often enter and walke in a large space. And
as for the brooke it selfe, it is one of the most
plentifull and commodious that is to be found in
Wales. All along the sides also of Uendraith Uaur, you
shall find great plentie of sea-coles. There is a
great hole by head of Uendraith Uehan, where men vse
to enter into vaults of great compasse, and it is
said, that they maie go one waie vnder the ground to
Wormes head, and another waie to Cairkemen castell,
which is three miles or more into the land. But how
true these things are, it is not in me to deter|mine;
yet this is certeine, that there is verie good hawking
at the Heron in Uendraith Uehan. There are diuerse
prints of the passage of certeine worms also in the
caue, at the head of Uendraith Uehan, as the
inhabitants doo fable: but I neuer heard of anie EEBO page image 76 man that saw anie worme there, and
yet it is belée|ued that manie wormes are there.
Hitherto out of Leland. But now to returne to
mine owne course.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Leauing the Laie,Laie.
which some call Elaie, and passing the Pennarth baie,
that lieth betwéene the Pennarth and the Lauerocke
points, we left Scillie Ilet (which lieth on the mouth
of Scillie hauen be|fore described) and came vnto the
Barrie,Barrie. whose head
is aboue Wrinston castell, and from whence he run|neth
by Deinspowis, Cadoxton, Barrie, and so into the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being past the Barrie water,Aberthaw we come to a fall called Aberthaw,
which riseth two or thrée miles aboue Lansanor, and
going by Welch Newton, it commeth at length to
Cowbridge, and from thence goeth to Lanblethian,
Landoch, Beanpéere, Flim|ston, Gilston, and betweene
the east and the west Aberthaw, & into the
Sauerne sea. But yer it come all there it receiueth a
brooke called Kensan, or Karn|san, or Kensech, on the
east side, whose head is east of
Bolston, & comming by Charnelhoid, Lhancaruan,
& Lancadle, it falleth into the former aboue
either of the Thawans.Kensan.
Leland saith, that Kensan hath two heads,
whereof the more northerlie called Brane, li|eth in
Luenlithan, and runneth seauen miles before it méet
with the other. Leauing this water we sai|led on,
casting about the Nash point, omitting two or three
small waters (whereof Leland hath alreadie as
ye see made mention) because I haue nothing more to
add vnto their descriptions, except it be,
that the Colhow taketh in a rill
from Lan Iltruit, of whose course (to saie the truth)
I haue no manner of knowledge.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Ogur or Gur,Ogur. which
some call the Ogmur, is a well faire streame (as we
were woont to saie in our old English) whose head is
in the same hilles, where the Rodeneies are to be
found, but much more westerlie, and running a long
course yer it come to anie village, it goeth at the
length beneath Langui|neuere or Langouodoch, to S.
Brides vpon Ogur, then to
Newcastell, and Marthermaure, beneath which it méeteth
the Wennie,Wennie. halfe a
mile from O|gur or Ogmur castell on the east side of
the banke. It riseth fiue or six miles from this
place, among the hilles, and comming downe at last by
Lanharne, it crosseth a rill yer long from northeast,
and the con|fluence passeth foorth by Coitchurch, Ogur
castell, & so into the Ogur. Leland
writing of the waters that fall into this Ogur saith
thus.Garrow. Into the Ogur
also resorteth the Garrow two miles aboue
Lansan|fride bridge, descending
from Blaingarow. It ta|keth furthermore (saith
he)Leuennie. another
called Leuennie rising in the parish of Glin Corug, at
northwest, and then running two miles lower,Corug. vniteth it selfe with the
Corug brooke, a little short thing, and worthie no
longer speach. From this confluence the Leuennie goeth
seauen miles further yer it meete with the O|gur on
the west side, at Lansanfride, two miles a|boue
Penbowt. And so far Leland. But I wot not
what he meaneth by it.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 Next vnto the Ogur is the Kensig water,Kensig. that commeth downe by
the Pile and Kensig castell,Margan. and being past the same we crosse the
Margan rill,Auon. where sir
Edward Manxell dwelt, and so vnto Auon, which hauing
two heads (as is said) the more easterlie of them
commeth downe by Hauodaport chappell, the other by
Glin Corug, Michaell church, Aber Auon, and so into
the sea, yéelding also in time of néed a good harbour
for ships to lodge and ride in. From hence we went
along by the Cole pits to the mouth of the Neth.Neth. The Neth is a faire water,
rising of diuerse heads, whereof the more easterlie
named Nethuehan riseth not farre from the head of the
Kennon,Nethuehan. and
comming downe by Penedorin to Aberpirgwin,Neth|uaur. it receiueth
Nethuaur, a little aboue the towne,Trangarth. which rising not farre southeast
of the head of Tauie in Brecknoch shire (as all the
rest doo) receiueth the Trangarth,Meltaie. the Meltaie and the Hep|saie, all
which are accounted as members of his head in one
chanell,Hepsaie. about a
mile or more before it ioine with Nethuehan. For as
Trangarth riseth east of Nethuaur, so the Melta riseth
by east of Trangarth, and ioineth with the same aboue
Istrad wealthie, and a little beneath the same towne
taketh in the Hepsaie. So that albeit their seuerall
risings be half or a whole mile in sunder, yet haue
they (in a maner) like distance from Aberpirgwin, and
their finall confluence in the edge of Glamorganshire,
which they directlie doo crosse. After these
confluences, the maine streame runneth in and out by
sundrie miles, and through the wooddie soiles, till it
méet with Cle|daugh, which ioineth with the same
beneath the Re|sonlaie, and goeth withall to Lanisted,
where it ta|keth in the Dulesse,Dulesse. whose head is aboue Chappell
Krenaunt, in the marches of Brecknoch. Thence it goeth
to Cadox towne, or betwéene it and Lanni|stide, then
to Neth towne, whither small vessels of|ten come:Cledoch. and beneath the same
receiuing the Cle|doch that runneth by Kelebebilch
(and also Neth ab|beie where maister Crumwell
dwelleth) it goeth on by Coitfranke forrest, Nethwood,
Briton ferrie, and so into the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Tauie riseth in the thickest of the blacke
mounteines in Brecknochshire west of Nethuaur,Tauie. and comming downe west of
Calwen chappell, it re|ceiueth on the east banke a
rill named Coiell that runneth thither by Coielburne
chappell:Coilus. and being
thus vnited, the chanell passeth foorth by
Istrad|gunles,Torch. and
then méeting with the Turch or Torch water that
cõmeth from the foot of the blacke moun|teines, and
is march to parcell of Caermardinshire, it runneth to
Langoge, Lansamled, saint Iohns, Swanseis, and so into
the Baie. Being past this, we come by another little
fall, whose water runneth thrée or foure miles yer it
come into Swanseie baie, but without name. Thence we
go to the Crimline becke, whose description I neither
haue, nor find anie great want therof. Wherfore going
about by Oister|mont castell, and Mumbles point, we
passe foorth to|ward the southwest by Penmarch point,
till we come to Ilston water,Ilston. whose head is not farre within the
land; and yet as it commeth thorough the woodland, and
downe by Penmarch castell, a rill or two dooth fall
into the same. Then casting about by Oxwich point, we
go onward there by, and sailing flat north by the
Holme (hauing passed the Wormeslead and S. Kennets
chappell) and then northeast by Whitford point, we
went at length to the Lochar or Loghar,Lochar. or as Lhoyd
nameth it, the Lichwr, whose indraught for a certene
space is march betwéene Caermardine and Glamorgan
shires. It riseth aboue Gwenwie chappell, from whence
it goeth to Landbea, and aboueAmond. Bettus receiueth a rill named Amond
that entreth thereinto from northeast. Being past
Bettus, it passeth by Laneddie, Arthelas bridge, and
ouer a|gainst Landilo Talabout, it crosseth from by
west, the CombwilieCombwilie. by west of Parkreame, and
after|ward the MorlaisMorlais. aboue Langnarch on the same side.
Then comming to Loghor castell, it taketh in on the
east side, the Lhu,Lhu.
whose course is not aboue fiue miles, and thence
loosing the name of Lochar, it is called Burraie,Burraie. as some gesse, vntill
it come to the sea, where it parteth it selfe going on
each side of Bachannie Iland, a small thing, and not
worthie (for anie thing I read thereof) as yet to be
particularlie described. From this water we passed (I
saie) by Bachannies Ile, to the Aberlheddie water,
whose head being in the hilles aboue Prenacrois, it
passeth EEBO page image 77 by Lhaneltheie, and
thence into the sea. Then went we to the Dulesse a
little rill,Dulesse. whose
head is not farre from Trinsaren: thence by the
Pembraie and Cali|coit points,Wandres. till we came about to the Wandres
or Uendraith mouth, whose description is partlie
tou|ched alreadie; but bicause it is not such as I
would with it to be, I will here after my owne maner
deale somewhat further withall. Gwendrath or Uendraith
vaur riseth in the lower ground, or not far from the
hill Renneth Uaur, whereon castell Careg
standeth, and descending by a
pretie long course vnder sundrie bridges, commeth at
the last to Glin, then to Capull Lanberie, and so vnto
the sea, being little augmen|ted with influences by
the waie. Uendraith Uehan riseth a mile higher towards
the north than Uen|draith Uaur, but out of the same
soile, & thence dire|cting his course toward
the southwest, it goeth by Lancharog, Langendarne,
Capull Langell, Bithon, Leighdenie, Kidwillie, and so
into the sea, about one mile from the fall of
Uendraith Uaur.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 The Towie riseth in the mounteines of Elen|nith foure
miles by southeast from Lintiue,Towie. and two from Lingonon, in a moorith
ground foure & twen|tie miles from
Caermardine, and in a forrest called Bishops forrest,
midwaie betwixt Landwibreuie & Landanuerie
castell. For fish, in my opinion, this is much better
than the Taw or Taffe, whose head breedeth no fish,
but if it be cast into it, they turne vp their
bellies, flote aloft, and die out of hand. It par|teth
Brecknoch from Cardigonshire also for a
cer|teine season,Trausnant. till it come by the
water of Trausnant, that falleth thereinto from by
cast out of the confins of Brecknoch, vnto Pilin
capell, and so to Istrode|fine,Tothee. where it méeteth with the Tothee
that com|meth thither from Lhinuerwin where it riseth,
and so through Rescoth forrest, vniting it selfe by
the waie with the Pescotter,Pescotter. which mounting out of the ground
in the edge of Cardigonshire, runneth along as a limit
and march vnto the same, till it ioine with the
Tothée, and both come togither beneath
Istrode|fine into Towie, which we
haue now in hand. After this confluence it commeth to
Lhanuair Awbreie, Lanthowell, and Lanimphsrie, and
here it receiueth two waters in one chanell, whereof
the first is called Brane,Brane. the other GutherijcGutherijc. (which lieth more souther|lie of
the two) and fall (as I said) into Towie be|neath
Landonuereie, which runneth on till it méet with the
first Dulesse that goeth by Lenurdie,Dulesse. then with the
Morlais,Morlais. and these
on the northwest. Certes the Brane is a pretie brooke
rising two or thrée miles aboue
Capell Newith, and descending by Lanbrane and
Ustradwalter, it méeteth (I saie) with the Gu|therijc,
whose head is west of Tridcastell in Breck|nochshire,
and thereby it is not a little increased. But to
proceed with the Towie, which being past Lanimphfrie
and a rill that méeteth with the same, descending from
northwest of Lanurdan, it taketh in the influences of
diuerse waters in one chanell, of which the greatest
is called Modewie, and thereof I find this
description.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Modewie,Modewie. or (as
some pronounce it) Mo|sheuie, riseth of two heads,
which ioining aboue La|nihangle, the streame runneth
on till it meet with the Cledoch on the left
hand,Cledoch. procéeding
also further to|ward Langadocke, it receiueth not far
from thence the Sawtheie,Sawtheie. whose two heads descend from the
blacke mounteines or east edge of Carmardine|shire (as
mine information leadeth me.) After thisDulesse. 2. confluence the
second Dulesse dooth meet with the Towie, whose head
is in the hilles aboue Talthogaie abbeie, northwest
from Langadocke full fiue miles: then comming downe by
Landilovaur, Newton; Dinefar castell, and Golden
groue,Dulesse. 3. it
receiueth the third Dulesse from by north that commeth
in by La|nihangle and Drislan castell,Cothie. and after that the
Co|thie, whose race is somewhat long, and therefore
his description not vtterlie to be passed ouer.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Not farre from the head (which is three miles from
Landanbreuie, vnder the hulke of Blame Icorne, a
narrow passage, and therein manie heaps of stones) and
somewhat beneath Lana Pinsent chappell, it ta|keth in
the Turche becke that runneth thither from aboue
Lanacroies:Turche. thence
it goeth to Lansawell, Abergorlech, Breghuangothie,
Lannigood, and so into Towie, which hasting forward by
chappell De|wie, receiueth the Rauelthie from by
north,Rauelthie. Gwilie.
then the Gwilie from northwest, whose head is aboue
Lanie Pinsent, and race by Canwell, Eluert, Comewilie,
and Merling hill, as I haue often heard. After this
confluence with the Gwilie, the Towie goeth to
Ca|ermardine, then to Lanigang, then to Lanstephan, S.
Ismaels, and so into the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Next vnto the Towie is the Taue,Taue. whose head is in the blacke
mounteines, as at the roots of Wren|ni vaur hill in
Pembrookeshire, from whence it run|neth by Lanuurnach,
Langludien, Lanualteg, and taking in the Dudderie from
southwest,Dudderie. out of
the same countie by Lanbederuelfraie, and Lindwie, it
goeth to Eglesware chappell, beneath which it
cros|seth the Marlais by north that runneth by
Lanbedie and Whitland.Marlais. Thence meeting with one rill called
Uenni,Uennie. as I take
it, that commeth through Cardith forrest on the one
side, and the CaireCaire. on
the other that runneth into it west of Landowror, it
hasteth to S. Clares,Carthkinnie. where it taketh in the
Carthkinnie, or Barthkinnie (as Leland
calleth it) and the GowGow.
or Tow both in one chanell, of which the first riseth
a|boue Capell Bettus, from whence it runneth by
Talacouthe, Kilsant, and Langinnin, the other is|sueth
out of the ground aboue Trologh Bettus, by Midrun,
& ioining with the former a little aboue S.
Clares, they run into the Taue, and from thence to
Lanihangle, and betwéene it and Abercowen, ad|mitteth
finallie the Gowen or Gow streame,Gowen. which comming likewise from the
blacke mounteines, go|eth by Ebbernant, & so
into the Taue, who directeth his course by Lancharne
castell, and then into the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The next water that we come to is the Gwair,Gwair. which is but a small
thing rising aboue Lambeder Uelfraie, and going from
thence by east of castell Merhie hill, Cruinuier and
Argwaire, it is not long yer it fall into the sea, and
so we leaue Cairdinshire, and go ouer into Penbrooke.
Then passed we by an other comming out of Rathe
forrest called Coit Rathe, the water it selfe rising
about Templeton. Thence leauing the Monkeston rocke,
we came to Tenbie or Diubechie Piscood, and passing
into the port betwéene the castell and S. Katharines
rocke, we found it serued with two little backe
waters,Brechnocke. of so
small countenance, that they are not worthie of anie
further talke to be spent in their descriptions: yet
the one seemeth to be called Florence brooke, the
other Fresto, Gunfreston standing betwéene them both,
whereby their sight cannot perish. After this we
passed betwéene Londie and an other Ilet or rocke
lieng by northwest of the same,From
Lon|die to Caldie thirtie miles. to Ludsop
point, & so to Abertrewent, where I found a
sillie fresh water named Trewend that riseth a mile or
thereabout within the land.Trewent. From thence we went southwards by
Brode hauen, till we came to S. Gowans point. Then
gathering west and by north before we came at Shepe
Iland, we found another fresh water, that riseth short
of Kiriog Maharen, and running south of Uggarston,
Windmill hill, or betwéene it and Castell Norton and
Gupton, it holdeth on flat west all the waie till it
come to the Ocean.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being passed this water, we cast about toward the
northwest, by the Poptons and Pennar, till we EEBO page image 78 came to the Pennar mouth,Pennar. out of which the salt
wa|ter issueth that in maner inuironneth Penbroke.
From this (omitting sundrie salt créekes on both sides
of the hauen, not appertinent to our purpose) we came
to the fall of two waters in one chanell, aboue whose
confluence Williamston parke standeth, and whereof one
(a méere salt course) incloseth thrée parts of Carew
castell. The other rising neere to Coit Rath forrest
is a fresh, & going by Geffraiston, Creswell
& Lawrenie, it leaueth the parke on the south
side, & go|eth into the
hauen after confluence with the former.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Now come I to the two swords,Dugledu. or hauen of Mil|ford, whereinto two
riuers direct their course from the northeast called
Dugledu or the two swords,Cultell. and betwéene them both is a rill
which they call also Cult|lell (that is to saie) the
knife. Hereof riseth a merrie tale of a Welshman, that
lieng in this place abroad all night in the cold
weather, and peraduenture not verie well occupied, was
demanded of his hostesse (where he did breake his fast
the next morrow) at what inne he
laie in the night precedent, bicause he came so soone
to hir house yer anie of hir maids were vp? Oh good
hostesse (quoth he) be contented, I laie to night in a
dangerous estate, for I slept betweene two swords with
a long knife at my heart; meaning indéed that he laie
betwéene these two riuers, and his brest towards the
south neere to the head of Cult|lell. But to passe
ouer these iests. Here Leland spea|keth of a
riuer called Gwilie,Gwilie.
but where it riseth or falleth, he maketh no certeine
report: wherefore it is requisit
that I proceed according to my purpose.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The one of these swords is called Clotheie or
Clo|thie, of which I find this short and breefe
description.Clotheie. The
Clothie riseth at the foot of Wrennie vaure hill and
comming downe to Monachlodge, Langelman, Lannakeuen,
and Egremond, it receiueth a rill from by northwest
before it come at Lanhaddon ca|stell, which commeth
from aboue the moore by Clar|baston and Bletherston,
his head arising in the hill west of Mancloghaie, as
Leland dooth informe me.
Yer long also and beneath Lanhaddon it taketh in
another on the cast side from Narbarth castell,
com|ming by Robeston, then going by Eunaston,
Sle|bach, Picton castell, Sister houses, Minware
& Mar|theltwie, at Rise castell point west of
Coit Kenles (as I haue béene informed) it taketh in
the other sword,Dugledie.
named Dugledie, wherof I read as followeth. The head
of the Dugledie is somwhere at northwest, betwixt S.
Laurences & S. Dugwels, from whence it runneth
to Trauegarne, Redbaxton, & taking in
a rill by the waie from Camrose
at the west, it goeth to Hauerford or Hereford west,
and there vniteth it selfe with a water, which
peraduenture is the same that Leland called
Gwilie.Gwilie. Certes it
riseth short of Walton, and comming by S. Leonards
chappell and Pendergest, it falleth I saie into the
Dugledie, ouer against the towne of Hauerford or
Herford west, but in Welsh Hulford; as Lhoid
dooth set it downe. Be|neath Herford it taketh in
another water from south west, whose head is short of
S. Margarets chappell, and
enterance betweene Harraldston and Herford, which
Harraldstone receiueth the name of Harrald the
successour of Edward the confessour as some call him,
who was a gréeuous mall vnto the Britons that remained
in the time of the said Edward; as I haue noted
elsewhere. Then the Dugledie still descending taketh
in the Frese frõ Fresethorpe, a rill of no great
accompt, and therefore I go from it making hast vn|to
Culthell, & omitting two rils betwéene it and
the Clotheie on the southside, of no great weight and
moment. The Cultlhell commeth into the Dugledie
beneath Bolston, with a streight course from by north,
of three or foure miles, rising by west of Sle|bach,
and comming by Bowlston, after whose vnition with the
aforesaid water, they run on as one till they méet
with the Clothie, casting out by the waie sun|drie
salt créekes, as the maine chanell dooth from thence
foorth vntill it passe the Sandie hauen, the Dale rode
(whither a sillie fresh rill commeth of small value)
& be come about againe to the large Ocean.
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1
2
3
4
5 Hauing thus shewed the courses of those few fresh
waters that come to Milford hauen, we cast a|bout by
the Blockehouse and S. Annes chappell to Gateholme
Ile,Gateholme Ile. that
lieth betwéene S. Annes and the Wilocke point,
directlie ouer against Stocke|holmeStockeholme Ile. Iland that is situat
further off into the sea, to|ward the southwest, and
is full halfe so great as the Scalmeie that I
elsewhere described. Betwéene the Willocke point also
and the Scalmeie, directlie west is the Midland
Ile,Midland Ile. full so
great as the Gateholme.Gresholme. As for the two rocks that lie by
north and south of the Scalmeie, of which the one is
called the Yardland stone, the other Mewstone, it
shall not be greatlie re|quisit to stand on their
discourses, sith they are such as may hardlie be taken
for Ilands, and euen in like sort we may iudge of S.
Brides Ile, which is south|west of Calthrop rode,
& likewise of the Gresholme, whereof I find
this short description. The Gresholme lieth directlie
west of Scalmeie, from whence if you saile thither on
the south side, you must néeds passe by the Mewstone
rocke: if on the north of Scalmeie, you must leaue the
Yarland stone on your left hand. Wherto if you note
well the situation of these Ilands alreadie named, and
confer them with the Ramseie and S. Dauids land, you
shall find them to produce as it were two dangerous
points, including the Brid baie, wherein
(notwithstanding the greatnesse) are 1000 perils, and
no fresh brookes for me to deale withall. Finallie,
hauing doubled the Willocke point, we thought it not
good altogether to leaue that baie vnsearched, at
lestwise to sée what Ilands might there be found,
& long entred into the same, we beheld one
which the men of the countrie call S. Brides
I|land,S. Brides Iland. a
verie little place and situate néere the land, be|fore
I came at Galtroie rode. From thence we went about by
the little hauen, Doluach hauen, Caruaie hauen,
Shirelace rocke, Carnbuddie, and Earnaie baies,
Portelais, and so into the found betwéene Ramseie and
the point. In this sound likewise is a little Ile,
almost annexed to the maine: but in the middest
thereof, I meane of the sound, is a rocke called the
horsse (a mile and more by north of Ribbie rocke, that
lieth south east of Ramseie) and more in|fortunate
than ten of Seians colts, but thanked be God I neuer
came on his backe.A fort of
dan|gerous rocks lieng on a row vpon the west end of
South|wales called the Bishop & his
clerkes. Thence passing by S. Stephans, and
Whitesand baies, we saluted the Bishop and his clerks,
as they went in procession on our left side (being
loth to take anie salted holie wa|ter at their hands)
and came at last to the point cal|led S. Dauids head,
which Ptolomie calleth Octapita|num
promontorium, except I be deceiued. But here
gentle reader giue me leaue to staie a while, and
in|sert the words of Leland touching the land
called S. Dewies or S. Dauids land, whereof some men
may peraduenture haue vse, his words are these. Being
therefore past this hauen and point of Demetia, in
casting about the coast we come to S. Dewies or S.
Dauids land,S. Dewie or Dauid a [...]
one, which Ptolomie calleth
Octapitanum pro|montorium, I read to be
separated from the rest of the countrie much after
this maner, although I grant that there may be and are
diuerse other little creekes betwixt Newgale and S.
Dauids head, and betwixt S. Dauids and Fischard,
beside those that are héere mentioned out of a
register of that house.
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1
2 As we turne therefore from Milford, S. Dauids land
beginneth at Newgale, a créeke serued with a backe
fresh water. Howbeit there is a baie before this
creeke betwixt it and Milford. From hence a|bout EEBO page image 79 foure miles is Saluach creeke,
otherwise called. Sauerach,Saluach. whither some fresh water resorteth:
the mouth also thereof is a good rescue for balingers,
as it (I meane the register) saith. Thence go we to
Por|telais three miles,Portelais. where is a little portlet, whither
the AlenAlen. that commeth
through saint Dewies close dooth run. It lieth a mile
southwest from S. Dewies, saint Stinans Chappell also
is betwéene Portelais, and Portmaw.Portmaw Maw. The next is Port Maw, where I
found a great estuarie into the land. The PendwiePendwie.
halfe a mile from that: Lhand UehanLannuehan. is thrée miles from Pendwie,Tredine. where is a salt créeke,
then to Tre|dine three miles, where is another creeke
to Langun|da, foure miles,Langunda. and another créeke is there in like
sort where fishermen catch herrings. Héere also the
Gwerne riuer diuideth Penbidiane from Fischer|dine
Kemmeis land.Fischard. From
Langunda to Fischard at the GwerneGwerne. mouth foure miles, and here is a
portlet or hauenet also for ships. And thus much of S.
Dauids land.
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2
3
4 Besides this also, Leland in a third booke
talketh of lhinnes and pooles, but for asmuch as my
purpose is not to speake of lakes and lhinnes, I passe
them ouer as hasting to Teifie, in Latine
Tibius, and af|ter Ptolomie
Tuerobius or Tiuirobius, which is the
next riuer that serueth for my purpose. And yet not
forgetting to touch the Gwerne, for after we came from
saint Dauids head, we coasted along toward the
southeast, till wée came ouer against saint
Catha|rins, where going northwards by the bread
hauen, and the Strombles head, we
sailed thence northeast, and by north, to Langlas
head, then flat south by the Cow and Calfe (two cruell
rockes) which we left on the left hand, & so
coasted ouer to Abergwin or Fis|chard,Gwerne. where we found a fresh
water named Guin, or Gwerne, whose course is in maner
directlie out of the east into the west, from Uremie
hils by pont Uaunt and Lanichair, vntill it come
within a mile of the foresaid towne. It riseth flat
north of the Per|selie hill, from whence it goeth by
Pont vaine, Laue|rillidoch,
Lanchar, Landilouair, & so to Abergwine, or
Abergwerne, for I read both. From Abergwine, we cast
about by Dinas head, till we come to the fall of
Neuerne,Neuerne. where
Newport standeth. The head of this riuer is aboue
Capell Nantgwin, from whence it runneth by Whitchurch,
but yer it come at Kilgwin, it taketh in a little
water that riseth short of Wrenie vaure, and thence go
foorth as one vntill they come to Newport. Cardigan
hauen is the next fall that I did stumble on, wherein
lieth a litle Iland ouer against
the north point. Hereinto also commeth the
Teifie,Teifie or Tine. a
noble riuer which riseth in Lintinie, and is fraught
with delicate samons, and herein and not else where in
all the riuers of Britaine, is the Castor or Beuer to
be found. But to procéed. The verie hed thereof (I
saie) is foure miles aboue Stradflore in Luitie, and
after it hath run from thence a little space, it
receiueth a brooke from southeast that com|meth out of
Lin Legnant, and then after the conflu|ence runneth on
to Stradflore abbeie, beneth which
it méeteth with the Miricke waterMiricke. (that riseth aboue Stradmirich) and
soone after with the LandurchLandurch. (both from the northwest) and
finallie the Bremich aboue Tregaron, that commeth in
by the east; as Leland hath set downe.
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1 Néere to Landwibreuie also it crosseth the Bro|mis by
east northeast,Bromis. and
then goeth to Landuair, Cledogh,Matherne. Kellan, and soone after taking in
the Ma|therne from by east, that parteth Cardigan
partlie from Carmardine shire,Dulas. and likewise that Dulas a|boue
Lanbedder (which riseth aboue Langibbie, and goeth
thence to Bettus) on the northwest, it goeth next of
all to Lanbedder towne, then to Laniuair, beneath
which it crosseth the Grauelth,Grauelth. thence to Pencarocke, Lanibether,
Lanlonie, Lanihangle, and Sandissell, and there it
vniteth it selfe with the Clethor or Dettor,Clethor. which commeth downe
thither by Lantisilued chappell, Lanfraine, and
finallie Landis|sell from by north, as I doo here
affirme. After this confluence it procéedeth on to
Landuaie, Alloine, Bangor, Langeler, Landeureog and
Newcastell, yer long taking in the Kerie from by
north,Kerie. whose head is
not farre from that of Clethor, and whose course is
somewhat inlarged by such rilles as des|cend into the
same. For west of Kenwith two becks in one chanell doo
fall into it, which be namelesse, and but of a little
length.
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1 Beneath Tredwair also it crosseth another from by
west, that runneth along by Bettus, Euan, and
fi|nallie méeting with the Teifie, they run as one by
Kennarth (still parting Cardigon shire from
Car|mardin, as it hath doone sith it met with the
Ma|therne) and so forth on till they ioine with the
Cheach,Cheach. which
rising southeast aboue chappell Euan, dooth part
Carmardine and Brechnocke shire in sunder, till it
come vnto the Teifie. From this confluence, and being
still a limit vnto Cardigon shire, it goeth by
Marierdine, and so to Cardigon, taking in one rill
from by north descending by Penneralt, by north of
Monardiue or Marierdiue, and two other from by
southwest, of which the one commeth in be|neath
Kilgaron castell, the other from Lantwood northwest of
Oswid Mortemer, which lieth southeast of Cardigan, and
then going forward betwéene S. Dogmaile, &
Langordinere, it is not long yer it fall into the
Irish sea, flat west and by north from his vprise, and
sending vs forth from Penlooke into Cardigon shire,
wherevnto it hath become march e|uer sithence it came
from Kellam, or confluence with the Matherne.
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1
2
3 Being come into Cardigon shire, and hauing passed the
Cardigon point, an Iland of the same de|nomination
lieng by west thereof, we came vnto the fall of Airon
thrée miles beneath Lancleere,Airon. it riseth in the mounteines by a
chappell called Blam Peni|all belonging to Landwie
breuie about thrée or foure miles from Tiue banks,
& runneth on by Lamber|wooddie, Langitho,
Tregrigaron hill, Treuilian, Talaferne, and soone
after taking in a rill from by south from Siliam by
Lanleir it runneth by Istrade, Kilkennen, Lanicharin,
and finallie into the sea, crossing by the waie the
Bidder brooke, which com|ming from Dehewide,Bidder. dooth fall into the
same, be|twéene Lanchairin, and Henuenneie.Arth. The Arth which is the next
fall is no great thing, neither of a|nie long course,
yet somewhat crotched, and it riseth three or foure
miles or more within the land slope|wise, and comming
by Lambaderne, and Treue|glois, it falleth into the
sea, northeast of Aberarth.
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1
2 Being past the Arth, & hauing staied there a
while bicause we found some harborough, we came next
of all vnto the Wereie, which riseth of two
heads,Ris aliàs
Wereie. aboue whose confluence standeth a
towne, named Lani|hangle, Redrod, and from whence it
goeth by Lani|gruthen to Laristed, & so into
the Ocean. Then went we to the Ystwith, which riseth
in the blacke moun|teins aboue Comerstwith, from
whence it runneth certeine miles,Istwith. vntill it come vnto Ispittie,
Istwith, Lananon, Laniler, Lan Nachairne, and so into
the sea, taking withall first the Meleuen, then the
Ridall or Redholl not farre from the shore,Redholl. whereof I haue this
description. The Ridall riseth in the top of
Plim|limmon hill out of a lake named Lin Ridall, from
whence going toward Spittie Kinwen, it crosseth one
water on the north, and another beneth it on the
southeast, and so goeth on by Lanbeder vaure, till it
come to Aberistwith, the Istwith, and so into the
O|cean. Hauing thus viewed the Istwith, and taken EEBO page image 80 our selues againe to the sea, we
crossed the Salke or Salique brooke,Salique. whereof I find this memoriall.
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1
2 The Salique brooke descendeth in like sort from the
blacke mounteins, & going from Ummaboue,
toward Gogarth, or Gogirthar, it receiueth the
Mas|salique,Massalique.
and from thence goeth into the sea, southwest from his
originall. From hence we went to the Le|rie, an
indraught of no great quantitie,Lerie. neither com|modious as I gesse (yet I
may be deceiued) for anie ship to harborough in. It
riseth toward the lower ground of
the blacke hils, and going by Lanthangle castell
Gwalter, it runneth from thence northeast in|to the
Ocean, receiuing a rill by the waie from the hilles
which lie by northeast of his course. But what stand I
vpon trifles?
Thus haue I brought my selfe out of Caerdigan shire
vnto the Wie,Wie. which is
limit betwéene it and Merioneth for a certeine space,
& being entred in the mouth thereof we gat vp
to the head, minding in the description of the same to
come downeward as in the rest,
which we will doo in such good manner as for the time
and want of some information is pos|sible to be
performed. It ariseth in the south part of Snowdonie
and goeth on foorth right to Lammoth|wie, by
Mowdhewie, Mathan laith, and comming downe to Dinas
Mathew, it receiueth two rilles from northwest, and
the third comming by Mailroid called Cludoch from
northeast, & so holdeth on cros|sing the
Angell water at the west, which boundeth Mongomerie
shire in part,Romis. till it
come to Romis, be|neath which water
it taketh in the Towin that pas|seth by Lambrin mawr
from Talgarth, and then go|eth to Mathrauerue,
crossing another from by north and so foorth to
Lanworing, where it méeteth with the Kerig on the one
side, and the Gwidall which com|meth from Dorowen on
the other.
After this, our maine riuer goeth by Pen|gos, and
beneath the same taketh in an influence from
southeast, called the Dulas, and another from the
northwest from thence it hasteth on to
Ma|genillet, or Machenlet, first
crossing the Leuennie from southeast, secondlie the
Peniall from north|west, thirdlie the Einon, fourthlie
the Kinar, fiftlie the Cleidor, these thrée last
rehearsed falling into it from southeast, &
the last hauing his course by Lan|gwinhelin and so
into the sea, as mine instruction vpholdeth. It
séemeth in some mens iudgements to part Northwales and
Westwales in sunder, and the same which in Latine
hight Deuus, in Welsh or Bri|tish Dift or
Dewie, whereof the Latine doth séeme to fetch his sound. But to procéed with the rest of
such falles and waters as are to be found in this
countie. Going therfore northwestward we come to a
fall frõ the north called Towen Merionneth which is
the mouth of the Difonnie streame, a pretie riuer
rising in the hilles aboue Lanihangle, and west of
castell Traherne receiueth the Ridrijc, which commeth
from Chadridrtjc hill, by Tallillin castell, Treherie,
and so into the Difonnie from southeast, fetching his
course by Lanegrin, and so into the sea within fiue
miles thereof.
Being past this we did cast about by the Sarna|bigh
point, till we came to the Lingouen becke, and so to
the Barre, which is a faire water, and therefore
worthie to be with diligence described, yet it is not
called Bar from the head, but rather Moth or Derie,
for so are the two chiefe heads called out of which
this riuer descendeth, and are about six miles west of
the Lin, out of which the Dée hath his issue, and
betwéene which the Raran vaure hilles are situat and
haue their being. After the ioining of the two heds of
this Barre, as I name it from the originall, it
receiueth a rill from northeast called Cain, &
another beneath the same, comming from Beurose wood,
and so hol|deth on towards the south betweene Laniltid
and Kemmor abbaie, till it meet a little by west of
Dol|gelth with the Auon vaure, which comming also out
of the Woodland soile, & taking in a rill from
Gwan|nas, hasteth northwestward (by Dolgelth) to ioine
with the Barre, and being met they receiue the
Kes|silgunt, then the Hirgun, & after a course
of foure to fiue miles it falleth into the sea, hauing
watered the verie hart & inward parts of this
shire. From hence we crosse the Skethie which runneth
by Corsogdale and Lanthwie, aliàs Lanthonie,
then the Lambader which receiuing the Artro aboue
Lambader, doth fall into the sea, southeast of the
point, and flat south of Landango, which is a towne
situat on the other side of the turning.
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1 After this we passed by Aberho, so named of the riuer
Ho,Ho. that falleth there
into the sea, and commeth thither from the Alpes or
hils of Snowdonie, moun|teins, no lesse fertile for
grasse, wood, cattell, fish and foule, than the famous
Alpes beyond the seas, where|of all the writers doo
make so honorable report. From hence we sailed by
Abermawr or mouth of Mawr,Mawr. which commeth in like sort from
Snowdonie, and taketh diuerse riuers with him whose
names I doo not know.Artro.
Then vnto the Artro a brooke, whose head commeth from
by north east, and in his course receiueth the Gedar
on the north side, and so holdeth on till it fall into
the sea, after a few windlesses which it maketh as it
passeth. After this we come to Traith vehan, which is
the fall of the Drurid, a pretie riuer comming from
the marches of Caernaruon|shire, which passing by
Festimog, soone after taketh in the Cunwell, then the
Uelenrid; and so holdeth on to Deckoin, where it
falleth into the said Traith. For of the other two
rilles that lie by south hereof, and haue their issue
also into the same, I make but small accompt, bicause
their quantitie is not great. Next vnto this we haue
Traith mawr, whereinto the Farles hath his issue,Farles. a riuer proceeding from
Snowdonie or the Snowdon hils, descending by
Bethkelerke and Lanwrothen, without mixture of anie
other water in all his course and passage. It is
parcell of the march also betwéene Merioneth and
Caernaruon shires. From Traith mawr we passe by the
Krekith, and come to another water descend|ing from
the north by Lanstidwie, and after that to the Moie,
whose mouthes are so néere togither, that no more than
halfe a mile of the land dooth seeme to kéepe them in
sunder.
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1 Then come we vnto the Erke,Erke. a pretie brooke descending from Madrtjn
hils, into whose mouth two other of no lesse quantitie
than it selfe doo séeme to haue their confluence, and
whose courses doo come a|long from the west and
northwest; the most souther|lie being called Girch,
and the other the Hellie: ex|cept my memorie doo faile
me. Then casting about toward the south (as the coast
lieth) we saw the Aber|soch or mouth of the Soch riuer
vpon our right hand,Soch. in
the mouth whereof, or not farre by south thereof lie
two Ilands, of which the more northerlie is called
Tudfall, and the other Penrtjn: as Leland did
obserue. I would set downe the British names of such
townes and villages as these waters passe by; but the
writing of them (for want of the lan|guage) is so hard
to me, that I choose rather to shew their falles and
risings, than to corrupt their denomi|nations in the
writing: and yet now and then I vse such words as our
Englishmen doo giue vnto some of them, but that is not
often, where the British name is easie to be found out
and sounded.
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1 After this, going about by the point, and leauing
Gwelin Ile on the right hand, we come to Daron
riuer,Daron. wherevpon
standeth Aberdaron a quarter of a mile from the shore
betwixt Aberdaron and Uorti|gernes EEBO page image 81 vale, where the compasse of the sea gathereth in a
head, and entereth at both ends. Then come we about
the point to Edarne becke,Edarne
beck. a mile and more south of Newin. And ten
or twelue miles from hence is the Uennie brooke, whose
course is little aboue so manie miles; and not farre
from it is the Liuan, a farre lesse water, comming
also from the east: and next vnto that another,
wherinto the Willie by south and the Carrog by north
after their coniunction doo make their common
influence. Hauing passed this
riuer, we cast about toward the north east, and enter
at Abermenaie ferrie, into the streicts or streame
called Menaie, betweene Angleseie and the maine,
méeting first of all with the Gornaie, which commeth
from the Snowdonie out of the Treuennian lake, and
passeth by Lanunda into the sea or Menaie streame at
South crocke. Next of all we meet with the Saint,
which commeth from Lin Lanbereie, pas|seth by
Lanihangle, and so falleth into the Me|naie at
Abersaint, which is on the southwest side of Caernaruon: on the other side also of the
said towne is the Skeuernocke, whereby it standeth
betweene two riuers, of which this hath his head not
farre from Dinas Orueg.
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1 Then come we (saith Leland) to Gwiniwith
mi|rith (or Horsse brooke) two miles from Moilethon,
and it riseth at a Well so called full a mile from
thence. Moilethon is a bowe shot from Aberpowle, from
whence ferrie botes go to the Termone or Angleseie.
Aberpowle runneth thrée miles into the land,Conte. and
hath his head foure miles beyond Bangor in Me|neie
shore: and here is a little comming in for botes
bending into the Meneie.Gegeine. Aber Gegeine commeth out of a
mounteine a mile aboue,Torronnen. and Bangor (tho|rough which a rill
called Torronnen hath his course) almost a mile aboue
it. Aber Ogwine is two miles aboue that;Ogwine. it riseth at Tale linne,
Ogwine poole, fiue miles aboue Bangor in the east side
of Wi|thow. Aber Auon is two miles aboue
Aberogwene,Auon. and it
riseth in a poole called Lin man Auon, thrée miles off.Lannar
Uehan. Auon lan var Uehan riseth in a
moun|teine therby, and goeth into the sea, two miles
aboue Duegeuelth.Duegeuelth.
Auon Duegeuelth is three miles aboue Conweie, which
rising in the mounteins a mile off, goeth by it selfe
into Meneie salt arme. On the said shore also lieth
Conweie, and this riuer dooth run be|twixt Penmaine
Maur, and Penmaine Uehan. It riseth about three miles
from Penmaclon hils which lie about sixtie miles from
Conweie abbeie, now dis|solued out of a lake called
Lin Conweie, and on the north and
west of this riuer standeth the towne of Conweie,
which taketh his name thereof.
This riuer (which Ptolomie calleth
Toesobius,
Téec.
as I take it) after the deriuation thereof from the
head, passeth on the west side by Spittieuan and
Tiherio, beneath which it taketh in a streame comming
from the east out of Denbighshire, deriued from thrée
heads, and of the greatest called Nag. Soone after
also another, and then the third, which commeth in
from the west by Lanpen Mawr: next of all the
Le|der on the same side, which
commeth by Dolathelan castell: and aboue that from a
Lin of the same deno|mination. Beneath this and selfe
hand lieth like|wise the Ligow or Ligwie,Ligow. proceeding from two
lakes, that is, the Mumber and the Ligow. On the right
hand as we still descend, is the Coid, then the Glin,
& a little lower we méet with the Lin
Ge|rioneth: and after we be past another on the right
side, we come to the Perloid, which commeth out of Lin
Cowlid, to the Ygan, to the Idulin, to the castell
Water on the left, & then to the Melandider on
the right, without the sight of anie other, till we
come almost to Conweie, where we find a notched
streame comming from by west, and called Guffen or
Gyffin into the same by one chanell on the norrtheast
side of the towne, beneath Guffin or Gyffin, and ouer
a|gainst Lansanfraid in Denbighshire; so farre as I
now remember. Some part of Carnaruonshire stretcheth
also beyond Aber Conweie, or the fall of Conweie,Ormeshed. & it is called
Ormeshed point, wherein al|so is a rill, whose fall
into the sea is betwéene Penrin and Landright. And
thus we haue made an end of the chéefe waters which
are to be found in this countie.
The next is a corner of Denbigh, by which we doo as
it were step ouer into Flintshire, and whose first
water is not great, yet it commeth from south|west,
and falleth into the north or Irish sea called
Virginium, beneath Landilas; as the next
that commeth south from Bettas dooth the like thrée
miles beneath Abergele,Gele.
and is not onelie called Gele (as the name it selfe
importeth) but also noted to take his course through
the Canges. Hauing thus gone ouer the angle of
Denbighshire, that lieth betwéene those of Carnaruon
and Flint, we come next of all vnto Aber Cluide, or
the fall of Clotha or Glota, which is a streame not to
be shortlie intreated of. It riseth a|mong certeine
hilles, which lie not far distant from the confines of
Merioneth and Denbighshires. Southeast from his fall,
and hauing run foure or fiue miles from the head, it
commeth about to Darwen, taking in the Maniton on the
left hand,Maniton. and the
Mes|pin on the right: and soone after the third from
by|west, whose head is not farre from Gloucanocke.
Beneath Ruthen also it taketh in the Leueneie: and
after that another, and the third, all on the right
hand,Cluedoch. and so
holdeth on till it méet with the Clue|doch, then with
the Ystrade, which passeth by Whit|church on the left
hand. After which we come to the Whéeler on the right,
and so to his ioining with the Elwie, which is beneath
S. Asaphes, a bishops sée that is inuironed with them
both.Elwie. This Elwie
ri|seth aboue Gwitherne, & beneath Lanuair
taketh in the Alode, which commeth from lin Alode, by
Lan|fannan, and ioineth with him fiue miles beneath
Langrenew. The Cluda therefore and the Elwie being
met, the confluence passeth on to the sea by Rutland
castell, where it taketh in the Sarne, which commeth
from by east, and hath a course almost of sixteene
miles. From hence we tooke sea toward the Dée mouth:
and as we passed by the rest of the shore, we saw the
fall of a little brooke néere Basing Werke, of another
néere to Flint, of the third at Yowleie castell, which
with his two armes in maner includeth it; and the
fourth beneath Hawarden hold, which in like sort goeth
round about the same, & from whence we came to
the Dée, where we landed and tooke vp our lodging in
Chester. In this place also it was no hard matter to
deliuer & set downe the names of such riuers
and streames as are also to be found in Angleseie,
finding my selfe to haue some leasure and fit
opportunitie for the same: and i|magining a iourneie
thither also, as vnto the other places mentioned in
this description, whither as yet it hath not béene my
hap to trauell: I thought it not amisse to take it
also in hand, and performe it after this maner.
Ferrieng therefore ouer out of Carnaruon|shire to
Beaumarise, I went by land without cros|sing of anie
riuer or streame worthie memorie, till I came to the
Brant, which hath his fall not farre from the southest
point of that Iland. This Brant riseth farre vp in the
land, not farre from Lauredenell, and holding on his
course southward to Lanthoniell Uaall, it goeth on to
Bodoweruch, Langainwen, and so into the sea.
The next fall we came vnto was called Maltrath, and
it is producted by the confluence of two riuers, EEBO page image 82 the Geuennie and the Gint, who
ioine not farre from Langrestoll. This also last
rehearsed hath his head neere to Penmoneth, the other
being forked riseth in the hillie soile aboue Tregaion
and Langwithlog: so that part of the Iland obteineth
no small commodi|tie and benefit by their passage.
Next vnto this we came vnto the Fraw,Fraw. whose head is neere to
Langi|newen, and passage by Cap Maer; after which it
falleth into a lake, from whence it goeth east of
Aber|fraw, and so into the sea. The next riuer hath no
name to my knowledge: yet hath it
a longer course than that which I last described. For
it riseth two or thrée miles aboue Haneglosse: and
passing from thence to Treualghmaie, after the descent
of foure miles, it falleth into the sea. After this we
came to an other, which riseth more to Cap legan
ferwie, and falleth in|to the sea; southeast of the
little Iland, which is called Ynis Wealt, it is
namelesse also as the other was: and therefore hauing
small delight to write thereof, we passed ouer the
salt créeke by a bridge into Cair
Kibie, which by the same, is as it were cut from the
maine Iland, and in some respect not vn|worthie to be
taken for an Ile. In the north side therefore of Cair
Kibie is a little rill or créeke: but whether the
water thereof be fresh or salt, as yet I doo not
remember.
This place being viewed, I came backe againe by the
aforesaid bridge, into the maine of Angleseie, and
going northwards I find a fall inforced by thrée
riuerets, each one hauing his course almost
south from other; and the last
falling into the confluence of the two first, not
halfe a mile from the west, where I first espied the
streame: the name of the most nor|therlie is
Linon,Linon. of the second
Allo;Allo. but the third
is altogither namelesse for aught that I can learne,
wherefore it shall not be necessarie to spend anie
time in the further searching of his course. Being
past this, we went northwards till we came to the
point, and then going eastward, we butted vpon the
fall of a certeine confluence growing by the ioining
of the Nathanon and the Geger,
which méet beneath and néere to the Langechell. And
after the same we pas|sed on somewhat declining
southward by the Hilla|rie point, toward the
southeast, till we came to the Dulesse: and from
thence to Pentraeth water: af|ter which we turned
northward, then eastward; and finallie southward, till
we came to Langurdin; from whence vnto Beaumarise
(where began our voiage) we find not anie water
worthie to be re|membred. And thence I go forward with
the descrip|tion of the Dee.
The Dee or Deua (as Ptolomie calleth it) is
a noble riuer,Dée or Deua.
& breeder of the best trout, whose head is in
Me|rioneth shire, about thrée miles aboue the lake,
situate in the countie of Penthlin, and called Lin
Tegnis, whose streame yet verie small, by reason of
the short|nesse of his course, falleth into the said
lake, not far from Lanullin. There are sundrie other
waters which come also into the said lake, which is
foure or flue miles in length, and about two miles
ouer; as one from by south, whose
fall is east, and not manie fur|longs from the Dee:
another hath his issue into the same by Langower: the
third on the north side of Lanullin, named Leie: the
fourth at Glanlintegid called the Iauerne, the lake it
selfe ending about Bala,Trowerin. and from thence running into the
Trowerin, a pretie streame, and not a little augmented
by the Kelme and Monach which fall by north into the
same, and ioineth with the Dée south of Lanuair; from
whence forth it looseth the name, and is afterward
cal|led Dée. East of Bala in like sort, it receiueth
the Ruddoch, then the Cleton, and so passing on by
Land|right to Langar,Ruddoch. it méeteth with a confluence
pro|céeding from the Alwen and the Giron,Cleton. of which this riseth in
the hils aboue Langham, the other in the mounteins
about fiue or six miles by northwest of Lanihangle in
Denbighshire, where (as I gesse) it falleth into the
ground; and afterward rising againe betwéene
Lanihangle and Bettus, it holdeth on a|bout two miles,
and then ioineth with the Giron, full six miles aboue
Dole, and before it come to the Dee. From hence the
Dee goeth by Lansanfraid, and the marches of Merioneth
into Denbighshire, and so to Langellon, Dinas, Bren,
&c: kéeping his course by certeine
windlesses;Gristioneth.
till he receiue the Gristioneth, descending by Ru [...]bon,
then another est of the same; the third,Keriog. from by west called
Keriog (whose head is not farre from the bounds of
Merioneth and course by Lanarmon, Lansanfraid, and
Chirke) the fourth from south east out of Shropshire,
called Morlais, and so passeth as bounds betwéene
Denbighshire, and the Outliggand of Flintshire, to wit
by Bistocke on the one side and Bangor on the other,
till it come to Worthenburie: whereabout it receiueth
a chanell descending from foure influences, of which
one com|meth by Penlie chappell, the second from
Hamnere, which goeth downe by Emberhall, and falleth
in a little by east of the other; the third from
Blackmere (by Whitchurch) &c: and the fourth
from betwéene Chad and Worsall. These two later
méeting aboue nether Durtwich, doo hold on to Talerne,
as mine information instructeth me.
From Wrothenburie the Dee goeth northwest|wards
toward Shocklige, méeting by the waie with the
confluence of the CluedochCluedoch. (or Dedoch originall mother to those
trouts for which the Dée is commen|ded) and descendeth
from Capell Moinglath) and the Gwinrogh,Gwinrogh. that runneth through
Wrexham, both ioining a mile and more beneath Wrexham,
not far from Hantwerne. Soone after also our maine
riuer receiueth another becke from by east, which is
bound on the northwest side to the Outliggand of
Flint|shire, and so passeth on betwéene Holt castell
and Ferneton, Almere and Pulton, as march betwéene
Denbighshire and Cheshire, and then taketh in the
Alannus or Alen;Alannus. a
pretie riuer and worthie to be described. The head of
this Alen the refore is in Den|bighshire, and so
disposed that it riseth in two seue|rall places, ech
being two miles from other, the one called Alen Mawr,
the other Alen Uehan, as I doo find reported. They
méet also beneath Landegleie, and run northwards till
they come beyond Lanuer|res, where meeting with a rill
comming from by west, it runneth on to the Mold to
Horsheth, and so in and out to Greseford, taking the
Cagidog from southwest with it by the waie; then to
Traue Alen, and so into the Dée, a mile and more aboue
the fall of Powton becke, which also descendeth from
south|west out of Flintshire, and is march vnto the
same, euen from the verie head. After which confluence
the Dée hauing Chestershire on both sides, goeth to
Ald|ford with a swift course, where it méeteth with
the Beston brooke, whereof I doo find this description
following.
The Beston water riseth in the wooddie soile
be|twéeneBeston.
Spruston and Beston castell with a forked head, and
leauing Beston towne on the northeast, it goeth to
Tarneton, and to Hakesleie, where it di|uideth it
selfe in such wise, that one branch thereof runneth
by Totnall, Goldburne, and Léehall, to Alford, and
so into the Dée, the other by Stapleford, Terwine,
Barrow, Picton, and Therton, where it brancheth
againe, sending foorth one arme by Stan|neie poole,
and the parke side into Merseie arme, toward the
northwest, and another by southwest, which commeth
as it were backe againe, by Stoke, Croughton,
Backeford, Charleton, Upton, the Baites, and so
vnder a bridge to Chester ward, EEBO page image 83 where it falleth into the Dée arme at Flockes
brooke, excluding Wirall on the northwest as an
Iland, which lieth out like a leg betwéene the
Merseie and the Dée armes, and including and making
another fresh Iland within the same, whose limits by
north|west are betwéene Thorneton, Chester,
& Aldford, on the northeast Thorneton and
Hakesleie, and on the southeast Hakesleie and
Aldford, whereby the forme thereof dooth in part
resemble a triangle.
And thus much of the Dee,
which is a troublesome streame when
the wind is at southwest, and verie dangerous, in so
much that few dare passe thereon. Sometimes also in
haruest time it sendeth downe such store of water,
when the wind bloweth in the same quarter, that it
drowneth all their grasse and corne that gro|weth in
the lower grounds néere vnto the bankes thereof.
Certes it is about thrée hundred foot, at his
departure from the Tignie, and worthilie called a
litigious streame; because that by often alteration of
chanell, it inforceth men to séeke new
bounds vnto their lands, for here
it laieth new ground, and there translateth and taketh
awaie the old, so that there is nothing more
vnconstant than the course of the said water. Of the
monasterie Bangor also, by which it passeth after it
hath left Orton bridge, I find this note, which I will
not omit, because of the slaughter of monks made
sometime néere vnto the same. For although the place
require it not, yet I am not willing altogither to
omit it.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 This abbeie of Bangor stood sometime in
Eng|lish Mailor,The situation of ye monaste|rie of
Bangor. by hither and south of the riuer Dée.
It is now ploughed ground where that house stood, by
the space of a Welsh mile (which reacheth vnto a mile
and an halfe English) and to this day the tillers of
the soile there doo plow vp bones (as they saie) of
those monks that were slaine in the quarrell of
Au|gustine, and within the memorie of man some of them
were taken vp in their rotten weeds, which were much
like vnto those of our late blacke monks, as
Leland set it downe: yet Erasmus
is of the opini|on, that the
apparell of the Benedictine monks was such as most men
did weare generallie at their first institution. But
to proceed. This abbeie stood in a val|leie, and in
those times the riuer ran hard by it. The compasse
thereof likewise was as the circuit of a walled towne,
and to this daie two of the gates may easilie be
discerned, of which the one is named Port Hogan lieng
by north, the other Port Clais situat vpon the south.
But the Dée hauing now changed his chanell, runneth
through the verie middest of the
house betwixt those two gates, the one being at the
left a full halfe mile from the other. As for the
squa|red stone that is found hereabout, and the Romane
coine, there is no such necessitie of the rehersall
ther|of, but that I may passe it ouer well inough
without anie further mention.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being past the Dée we sailed about Wirall, pas|sing
by Hibrie or Hilbrée Iland, and Leuerpole, Nasse,
making our entrie into Merseie arme by Le|uerpole
hauen, where we find a water falling out
be|twéene Seacombe and the Ferie,
which dooth in ma|ner cut off the point from the maine
of Wirall. For rising néere to the northwest shore, it
holdeth a course directlie toward the southeast by
Wallaseie and Po|ton, and so leaueth all the north
part beyond that wa|ter a peninsula, the same being
three square, inuiro|ned on two sides with the Ocean,
& on the third with the aforesaid brooke,
whose course is well néere three miles except I be
deceiued. Frõ hence entring fur|ther into the hauen,
we find another fall betwéene Bebington and Brombro
chappell, descending from the hilles, which are seene
to lie not farre from the shore, and thence crossing
the fall of the Beston wa|ter, we come next of all
vnto the Wiuer,Wiuer. than
the which I read of no riuer in England that fetcheth
more or halfe so many windlesses and crinklings,
before it come at the sea. It riseth at Buckle hilles,
which lie betwéene Ridleie and Buckle townes, and
soone after making a lake of a mile & more in
length called Ridleie poole, it runneth by Ridleie to
Chal|mondlie.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Thence it goeth to Wrenburie, where it taketh in a
water out of a moore that commeth from Marbu|rie: and
beneth Sandford bridge the Combrus from Combermer or
Comber lake:Combrus. and
finallie the third that commeth from about Moneton,
and runneth by Langerslaw, then betweene Shenton and
Atherlie parkes, and so into the Wiuer, which watereth
all the west part of England, and is no lesse notable
than the first Auon or third Duze, whereof I haue
spoken alreadie. After these confluences it hasteth
also to Audlem, Hawklow, and at Barderton crosseth the
Betleie water,Betleie. that
runneth by Duddington, Wid|denberie, and so by
Barderton into the aforesaid streame. Thence it goeth
to Nantwich, but yer it come at Marchford bridge, it
meeteth with a rill cal|led Salopbrooke (as I gesse)
comming from Caluer|leie ward,Salop. and likewise beneath the said
bridge,Lée and Wul|uarne.
with the Lée and the Wuluarne both in one chanell,
wher|of the first riseth at Weston, the other goeth by
Cop|nall. From thence the Wiuer runneth on to
Min|chion and Cardeswijc, and the next water that
fal|leth into it is the AsheAshe. (which passeth by Darnall Grange) and
afterward going to Warke, the vale Roiall, and Eaton,
it commeth finallie to North|wich where it receiueth
the Dane, to be described as followeth.Dane. The Dane riseth in the
verie edges of Chester, Darbishire, &
Staffordshire, and comming by Warneford, Swithamleie
and Bosleie, is a li|mit betwéene Stafford and Darbie
shires, almost e|uen from the verie head, which is in
Maxwell forrest.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 It is not long also yer it doo méet with the Bidle
water,Bidle. that commeth
by Congerton, and after the confluence goeth vnto
Swetham, the Heremitage, Cotton and Croxton, there
taking in two great waters,Whelocke. whereof the one is called
Whelocke, which comming from the edge of the countie
by Morton to Sandbach, crosseth another that
descendeth from church Cawhlton, and after the
confluence goeth to Warmingham, ioining also beneath
Midlewish with the Croco or Croxston, the second great
water, whose head commeth out of a lake aboue Bruerton
(as I heare) and thence both the Whelocke and the
Croco go as one vnto the Dane,Croco. at Croxton, as the Dane dooth from
thence to Bostocke, Dauen|ham, Shebruch, Shurlach, and
at Northwich into the foresaid Wiuer. After this
confluence the Wiuer runneth on to Barneton, and there
in like sort recei|ueth two brookes in one chanell,
whereof one com|meth from aboue Allostocke, by Holme
& Lastocke, the other from beyond Birtles
mill,Piuereie. by Chelford
(where it taketh in a rill called Piuereie) thence to
ouer Peuer,Waterlesse.
Holford, and there crossing the Water|lesse brooke
(growing of two becks and ioining at nether Tableie)
it goeth foorth to Winshambridge, and then méeting
with the other, after this conflu|ence they procéed
till they come almost at Barne|ton, where the said
chanell ioineth with a pretie water running thorough
two lakes, whereof the greatest lieth betwéene
Comberbach, Rudworth and Marbu|rie. But to go forward
with the course of the maine riuer. After these
confluences our Wiuer goeth to Warham, Actonbridge,
and Dutton, ouer against which towne, on the other
side it méeteth with a rill, comming from Cuddington:
also the second going by Norleie, and Gritton,
finallie the third soone after from Kimfleie, and then
procéedeth on in his passage by Asheton chappell,
Frodesham, Rockesauage, and EEBO page image 84 so
into the sea: and this is all that I doo find of the
Wiuer, whose influences might haue beene more largelie
set downe, if mine iniunctions had béene amplie
deliuered, yet this I hope may suffice for his
description, and knowledge of his course.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Merseie riseth among the Peke hils,Merseie. and from thence going
downe to the Woodhouse, and taking sundrie rilles
withall by the waie, it becommeth the confines
betwéene Chester and Darbishires. Go|ing also toward
Goitehall,Goite. it
méeteth with a faire brooke
increased by sundrie waters called Goite, whereof I
find this short and briefe description. The Goite
riseth not far from the Shire méere hill (where|in the
Doue and the Dane haue their originall) that parteth
Darbishire and Chestershire in sunder, and thence
commeth downe to Goite houses, Ouerton, Taxhall,
Shawcrosse, and at Weibridge taketh in the Frith,Frith. and beneath Berdhall, the
SetSet. that riseth aboue
Thersethall and runneth by Ouerset. After this
confluence also the Merseie goeth to Goite
hall, & at Stockford or
Stopford towne méeteth with the Tame,Tame. which diuideth
Chestershire and Lancaster|shire in sunder, and whose
head is in the verie edge of Yorkeshire, from whence
it goeth southward to Sadleworth Firth, then to
Mukelhirst, Stalie hall, Ashdon Underline,
Dunkenfield, Denton, Reddish, and so at Stockford into
the Merseie streame, which passeth foorth in like sort
to Diddesbirie, receiuing a brooke by the waie that
commeth from Lime parke, by Brumhall parke and
Chedle.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 From Diddesbirie it procéedeth to Norden,Irwell. Ash|ton, Aiston,
Flixston, where it receiueth the Irwell a notable
water, and therefore his description is not to be
omitted before I doo go forward anie further with the
Merseie, although it be not nauigable by reason of
sundrie rockes and shalowes that lie dispersed in the
same. It riseth aboue Bacop, and goeth thence to
Rosendale, and in the waie to Aitenfield it taketh in
a water from Haselden. After this confluence it go|eth
to Newhall, Brandlesham, Brurie, and aboue Ratcliffe ioineth with the Rache
water,
Raeus, or
Rache. a faire streame and to be described when
I haue finished the Irwell, as also the next vnto it
beneath Ratcliffe, bi|cause I would not haue so manie
ends at once in hand wherewith to trouble my readers.
Being ther|fore past these two, our Irwell goeth on to
Clifton,
Leland spea|keth
of the Corue water about Man|chester; but I know
nothing of his course. Hollond, Edgecroft,
Strengwaies, and to Manche|ster, where it vniteth it
selfe with the Yrke,Yrke.
that run|neth thereinto by Roiton Midleton, Heaton
hill, and Blackeleie. Beneath Manchester also it
méeteth with the Medlocke,Medlocke. that commeth thither
from the northeast side of Oldham, and betwéene
Claiton and Garret Halles, and so betwéene two parkes,
falling into it about Holne. Thence our Irwell go|ing
forward to Woodsall, Whicleswt [...]c, Ecles Bar|ton, and
Deuelhom, it falleth néere vnto Flixton, in|to the
water of Merseie, where I will staie a while withall,
till I haue brought the other vnto some passe, of
which I spake before.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3 The Rache,Rache. Rach or
Rish consisteth of sundrie wa|ters,
whereof ech one in maner hath a proper name, but the
greatest of all is Rache it selfe, which riseth a|mong
the blacke stonie hils, from whence it goeth to
Littlebrough, and being past Clegge, receiueth the
Beile,Beile. that commeth
thither by Milneraw chappell. After this confluence
also, it méeteth with a rill néere vnto Rachedale, and
soone after with the SprottonSprotton. water, and then the SudleieSudleie. brooke, whereby his
cha|nell is not a little increased, which goeth from
thence to Grisehirst and so into the Irewell, before
it come at Ratcliffe.Bradsha. The second streame is called Bradsha.
It riseth of two heds, aboue Tureton church, whence it
runneth to Bradsha, and yer long taking in the
Walmesleie becke,Walmesleie.
they go in one chanell till they come beneath Bolton
in the More. From hence (re|ceiuing a water that
commeth from the roots of Ra|uenpike hill by the way)
it goeth by Deane and Bol|ton in the More, and so into
Bradsha water, which ta|keth his waie to Leuermore,
Farnworth, Leuer|lesse, and finallie into the Irwell,
which I before de|scribed, and whereof I find these
two verses to be ad|ded at the last:
Irke, Irwell, Medlocke, and Tame,
When they meet with the Merseie, do loose their
name.
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1 Now therefore to resume our Merseie, you shall
vnderstand that after his confluence with the Ir|well,
he runneth to Partington, and not farre from thence
interteineth the Gles,Gles.
or Glesbrooke water, increased with sundrie armes,
wherof one commeth from Lodward, another from aboue
Houghton, the third from Hulton parke, and the fourth
from Sha|kerleie: and being all vnited néere vnto
Leigh, the confluence goeth to Holcroft, and aboue
Holling gréene into the swift Merseie. After this
increase the said streame in like sort runneth to
Rigston, & there admitteth the Bollein or
Bolling brooke water intoBolleiu
brooke. his societie, which rising néere the
Chamber in Max|well forrest goeth to Ridge, Sutton,
Bollington, Prestbirie, and Newton, where it taketh in
a water comming from about Pot Chappell, which runneth
from thence by Adlington, Woodford, Wimesleie,
Ringeie,Birkin. and
Ashleie, there receiuing the Birkin brooke that
commeth from betwéene Allerton and Marchall, by
Mawberleie, and soone after the Ma|rus or Mar,Mar. that commeth thereinto from
Mar towne, by Rawstorne, and after these confluences
goeth on to Downham, and ouer against Rixton beneath
Crosford bridge into the Merseie water, which
procéeding on, admitteth not another that mée|teth
with all néere Lim before it go to Thelwall. Thence
also it goeth by Bruche and so to Warring|ton, a
little beneath crossing a brooke that commeth from Par
by Browseie, Bradleie, and Saukeie on the one side,
and another on the other that commeth thither from
Gropenhall, and with these it runneth on to nether
Walton, Acton grange, and so to Pen|kith, where it
interteineth the Bold,Bold.
and soone after the GrundichGrundich. water on the other side, that
passeth by Preston, and Daresbirie. Finallie our
Merseie go|ing by Moulton, it falleth into Lirepoole,
or as it was called of old Liuerpoole hauen, when it
is past Run|corne. And thus much of the Merseie,
comparable vnto the Wiuer, and of no lesse fame than
most ri|uers of this Iland.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 Being past these two, we come next of all to the
Tarbocke water,Tarbocke.
that falleth into the sea at Har|bocke, without
finding anie mo till we be past all Wirall, out of
Lirepoole hauen, and from the blacke rockes that lie
vpon the north point of the aforesaid Iland. Then come
we to the Altmouth,Alt or
Ast. whose fresh rising not far into the land,
commeth to Feston, and soone after receiuing another
on the right hand, that passeth into it by Aughton, it
is increased no more before it come at the sea.
Neither find I anie other falles till I méet with the
mouth of the Yarrow and Duglesse, which haue their
recourse to the sea in one chanell as I take it.Duglesse or Duiesse. The
Duglesse commeth from by west of Rauenspike hill, and
yer long runneth by Andertonford to Worthington, and
so (taking in two or thrée rilles by the waie) to
Wigen, where it receiueth two waters in one chanell,
of which one commeth in south from Brin parke, the
other from northeast. Being past this, it receiueth
one on the north side from Standish, and another by
south from Hollond, and then goeth on toward Rufford
chappell taking the Taud withall, that descendeth from
a|boue Skelmersdale towne,Tand or
Skelinere. and goeth through La|than parke,
belonging (as I heare) vnto the earle of EEBO page image 85 Derbie.Merton.
It méeteth also on the same side, with Mer|ton meere
water, in which meere is one Iland called Netholme
beside other, and when it is past the hang|ing bridge,
it is not long yer it fall into the Yarrow.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The YarrowYarrow. riseth of
two heads, whereof the se|cond is called BagenBagen. brooke, and making a
conflu|ence beneath Helbie wood, it goeth on to Burgh,
E|glestan, Crofton, and then ioineth next of all with
the Dugglesse, after which confluence, the maine
streame goeth foorth to Bankehall, Charleton,
How, Hesket, and so into the sea.
Leland writing of the Yarrow, saith thus of
the same, so farre as I now remember. Into the
Dugglesse also runneth the Yarrow, which commeth
within a mile or therea|bout of Chorleton towne, that
parteth Lelandshire from Derbieshire. Under the foot
of Chorle also I find a rill named Ceorle, and about a
mile and a halfe from thence a notable quarreie of
stones, whereof the inhabitants doo make a great boast
and price. And hitherto Leland.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 The Ribble,Ribble. a riuer
verie rich of salmon and Iam|preie, dooth in manner
inuiron Preston in Ander|nesse, and it riseth neere to
Kibbesdale aboue Gis|borne, from whence it goeth to
Sawleie or Salleie, Chathburne, Woodington, Clithero
castell,Odder. and
be|neath Mitton méeteth the Odder at northwest, which
riseth not farre from the crosse of Gréet in
Yorke|shire, and going thence to Shilburne, Newton,
Rad|holme parke, and Stonie hirst, it falleth yer long
in|to the Ribble water. From hence the Ribble
wa|ter hath not gone farre,Calder. but it méeteth with the
Cal|der from southeast. This brooke riseth aboue Holme
church in Yorkeshire, which lieth by east of
Lanca|stershire, and goeth by Towleie and Burneleie,
where it receiueth a trifling rill, thence to Higham,
and yer long crossing one water that commeth from
Wicoler by Colne, and another by and by named Pidle
brooke,Pidle. that runneth
by New church in the Pi|dle, it méeteth with the
Calder, which passeth foorth to Paniam; and thence
receiuing a becke on the o|ther
side, it runneth on to Altham, and so to
Mar|tholme,Henburne. where
the Henburne brooke dooth ioine with|all, that goeth
by Akington chappell, Dunkinhalgh, Rishton, and so
into the Calder, as I haue said be|fore. The Calder
therefore being thus inlarged, runneth foorth to
Reade, where maister Nowell dwelleth, to Whallie, and
soone after into Ribble, that goeth from this
confluence to Salisburie hall, Rib|chester, Osbastin,
Samburie, Keuerden, Law, Rib|bles bridge, &
then taketh in the Darwent,Darwent. before it goeth by
Pontwarth or Pentwarth into the maine sea. The Darwent
diuideth Lelandshire from An|dernesse, and it riseth
by east aboue Darwent chap|pell; and soone after
vniting it selfe with the Blacke|burne, and
Rodlesworth water,Blackeburne
Rodlesworth. it goeth through Houghton parke,
by Houghton towne, to Walton hall, and so into the
Ribble. As for the Sannocke brooke,Sannocke. it riseth somewhat aboue Longridge
chappell, goeth to Broughton towne, Cotham, Lée hall,
and so into Ribble. And here is all that I haue to
saie of this riuer.
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1
2 The Wire riseth eight or ten miles from
Gar|stan,Wire. out of an
hill in Wiresdale forrest, from whence it runneth by
Shireshed chappell, and then going by Wadland, or
Waddiler, Grenelaw castell (which belongeth to the
erle of Darbie) Garstan, and Kirk|land hall, it first
receiueth the second Calder, that commeth downe by
Edmerseie chappell, then ano|ther chanell increased
with sundrie waters,Calder.
2. which I will here describe before I procéed
anie further with the Wire. I suppose that the first
water is called Plimpton brooke, it riseth south of
Gos [...]er, and com|meth by Cawford hall,Plimpton. and yer long receiuing
the BartonBarton. becke, it
procéedeth forward till it ioineth with the Brooke
rill that commeth from Bowland forrest,Brooke. by Clanghton hall, where
master Brooke-hales dooth lie, & so through
Mersco forrest. After this confluence the Plime or
Plimpton water mée|teth with the Calder, and then with
the Wire, which passeth foorth to Michaell church, and
the Raw cliffes, and aboue Thorneton crosseth the
Skipton that go|eth by Potton, then into the Wire
rode,Skipton. and finallie
through the sands into the sea, according to his
na|ture. When we were past the fall of the Wire, we
coasted vp by the salt cotes, to Coker mouth,Coker. whose head, though it be
in Weresdale forrest, not far from that of the Wire,
yet the shortnesse of course deser|ueth no
description. The next is Cowdar,Cowdar. which is comming out of Wire dale,
as I take it, is not in|creased with anie other waters
more than Coker, and therefore I will rid my hands
thereof so much we sooner.
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1 Being past these two,Lune.
I came to a notable ri|uer called the Lune or Loine,
or (as the booke of sta|tutes hath) Lonwire
Anno 13 Ric. 2. cap. 19, and gi|ueth name to
Lancaster, Lonecaster, or Luneca|ster, where much
Romane monie is found, and that of diuerse stamps,
whose course dooth rest to be de|scribed as followeth;
and whereof I haue two de|scriptions. The first being
set downe by Leland, as master Moore
of Catharine hall in Cambridge deli|uered it vnto him.
The next I exhibit as it was gi|uen vnto me, by one
that hath taken paines (as he saith) to search out and
view the same, but verie late|lie to speake of. The
Lune (saith master Moore) of some commonlie
called the Loine, riseth at Crosse|ho, in Dent dale,
in the edge of Richmondshire out of thrée heads. North
also from Dent dale is Gars|dale, an vplandish towne,
wherein are séene manie times great store of red déere
that come downe to feed from the mounteins into the
vallies, and there|by runneth a water, which afterward
commeth to Sebbar vale, where likewise is a brooke
méeting with Garsdale water, so that a little lower
they go as one into Dent dale becke, which is the
riuer that afterward is called Lune, or Lane, as I
haue verie often noted it. Beside these waters also
before men|tioned, it receiueth at the foot of Sebbar
vale, a great brooke, which commeth out of the Worth,
betwéene Westmerland and Richmondshire, which taking
with him the aforesaid chanels, dooth run seauen miles
yer it come to Dent dale foot. From hence it entreth
into Lansdale, corruptlie so called, perad|uenture for
Lunesdale, & runneth therein eight or nine
miles southward, and in this dale is Kirbie. Hi|therto
master Moore, as Leland hath
exemplified that parcell of his letters. But mine
other note wri|teth hereof in this manner.Burdecke. Burbecke water riseth
at Wustall head, by west, and going by Wustall foot to
Skaleg,Breder. it
admitteth the Breder that descen|deth thither from
Breder dale. From hence our Burbecke goeth to Breder
dale foot, & so to Tibarie, where it méeteth
with foure rilles in one bottome, of which one commeth
from besides Oxton, another from betwéene Rasebecke
and Sunbiggin, the third and fourth from each side of
Langdale: and after the generall confluence made,
goeth toward Round|swath,Barrow. aboue which it vniteth it selfe with
the Bar|row. Thence it runneth to Howgill, Delaker,
Firrebanke, and Killington, beneath which it mee|teth
with a water comming from the Moruill hilles, and
afterward crossing the Dent brooke,Dent. that run|neth thither from Dent towne,
beneath Sebbar, they continue their course as one into
the Burbecke, from whence it is called Lune. From
hence it go|eth to Burbon chappell, where it taketh in
ano|ther rill comming from by east, then to Kirbie,
Lansdale, and aboue Whittenton crosseth a brooke EEBO page image 86 comming from the countie stone by
Burros, and soone after beneath Tunstall and
Greteie,Greteie. which
des|cending from about Ingelborow hill, passeth by
Twiselton, Ingleton, Thorneton, Burton, Wrat|ton, and
néere Thurland castell, toucheth finallie with the
Lune, which brancheth, and soone after vniteth it
selfe againe. After this also it goeth on toward New
parke,Wennie. and
receiueth the Wennie, and the HinburneHinburne. both in one chanell,
of which this riseth north of the crosse of Greteie,
and going by Benthams and Ro|berts
hill, aboueRheburne. Wraie
taketh in the Rheburne that riseth north of Wulfecrag.
After this conflu|ence also aboue New parke, it maketh
his gate by Aughton, Laughton, Skirton, Lancaster,
Excliffe, Awcliffe, Soddaie, Orton, and so into the
sea. Thus haue you both the descriptions of Lune, make
your conference or election at your pleasure, for I am
sworne to neither of them both.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 The next fall is called Docker,Docker. and peraduen|ture the same that
Leland dooth call the Kerie,Kerie. which
is not farre from Wharton, where the rich Kitson was
borne, it riseth north of Docker towne, and go|ing by
Barwtjc hall, it is not increased before it come at
the sea, where it falleth into the Lune water at
Lunesands. Next of all we come to Bitham becke, which
riseth not far from Bitham towne and parke, in the
hilles, where about are great numbers of goates kept
and mainteined, and by all likelihood resorteth in the
end to Linsands.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3
4
5 Being past this, we find a forked arme of
the sea called Kensands: into the
first of which diuerse waters doo run in one chanell,
as it were from foure principall heads, one of them
comming from Grar|rig hall, another frõ by west of
Whinfield, & ioining with the first on the
east side of Skelmere parke. The third called Sprot or
Sprota riseth at Slod|dale,Sprota. & commeth downe by west of
Skelmer parke, so that these two brookes haue the
aforesaid parke betwéene them, & fall into the
fourth east of Barne|side, not verie farre in sunder.
The fourth or last cal|led Ken,
commeth from Kentmers side,Ken. out of Ken moore, in a poole of a mile
compasse, verie well stored with fish, the head
whereof, as of all the baronie of Kendall is in
Westmerland, & going to Stauelope, it taketh
in a rill from Chappleton Inges. Then lea|uing
Colnehead parke by east, it passeth by Barne|side, to
Kendall, Helston, Sigath, Siggeswijc, Le|uenbridge,
Milnethorpe, and so into the sea. Certes this Ken is a
pretie déepe riuer, and yet not safelie to be
aduentured vpon, with boates and balingers, by reason of rolling stones, &
other huge substances that off annoie &
trouble the middest of the chanell there.Winstar. The other péece of the
forked arme, is called Winstar, the hed wherof is
aboue Winstar chappell, & going downe almost
by Carpmaunsell, & Nether|slake, it is not
long yer it fall into the sea, or sands, for all this
coast, & a gulfe from the Ramside point to the
Mealenasse, is so pestered with sands, that it is
al|most incredible to sée how they increase. Those
also which inuiron the Kenmouth, are named
Kensands: but such as receiue the
descent from the Fosse, Wi|nander, and Sparke, are
called Leuesands, as I find by sufficient testimonie.
The mouth or fall of the Dodon also is not farre from
this impechment: wherefore it is to be thought, that
these issues will yer long become verie noisome, if
not choked vp al|togither. The Winander water riseth
about Cim|barlrasestones,Winander. from whence it goeth to Cangridge,
where it maketh a méere: then to Ambleside, and
ta|king in yer it come there, two rilles on the left
hand, and one on the right that commeth by
Claper|gate, it maketh (as I take it) the greatest
méere, or fresh water in England; for I read it is ten
miles in length. Finallie, comming to one small
chanell a|boue Newbridge, it reacheth not aboue six
miles yer fall into the sea. There is in like sort a
water, cal|led the Fosse that riseth néere vnto
Arneside,Fosse. and
Tillerthwates, and goeth foorth by Grisdale,
Satre|thwate, Rusland, Powbridge, Bowth, and so
falleth with the Winander water into the maine sea. On
the west side of the Fosse also commeth another
through Furnesse felles, and from the hilles by north
thereof, which yer long making the Thurstan lake not
far from Hollinhow, and going by Bridge end, in a
narrow chanell, passeth foorth by Nibthwaits, Blareth,
Cowlton, & Sparke bridge, and so into the
sea.Sparke. Hauing passed
the Leuen or Conisands, or Co|nistonesands, or
Winander fall (for all is one) I come to the Lew,Lew. which riseth at Cewike
chappell, and falleth into the sea beside Plumpton.
The RawtherRawther.
descending out of low Furnesse, hath two heads,
whereof one commeth from Penniton, the other by
Ulmerstone abbeie, and ioining both in one chanell,
they hasten into the sea, whither all waters direct
their voiage,. Then come we to another rill south|west
of Aldingham, descending by Glaiston castell; and
likewise the fourth that riseth néere Lindell, and
running by Dawlton castell and Furnesse abbeie, not
farre from the Barrow head, it falleth into the sea
ouer against Waueie and Waueie chappell, ex|cept mine
aduertisements misleade me.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Dodon,Dodon. which from
the head is bound vn|to Cumberland and Westmerland,
commeth from the Shire stone hill bottome, and going
by Blacke|hill, Southwake, S. Iohns, Uffaie parke,
& Brough|ton, it falleth into the faltwater,
betwéene Kirbie, and Mallum castell. And thus are we
now come vnto the Rauenglasse point, and well entred
into Cum|berland countie.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3 Comming to Rauenglasse, I find hard by the towne a
water comming from two heads, and both of them in
lakes or pooles, whereof one issueth out of Denocke or
Deuenocke méere,Denocke. and
is called De|nocke water, the other named Eske from
Eske poole which runneth by Eskedale, Dalegarth, and
soone af|ter meeting with the Denocke,Eske. betwéene Maw|burthwate and
Rauenglasse, falleth into the sea. On the other side
of Rauenglasse also commeth the Mite brooke,Mite. from Miterdale as I read.
Then find we an|other which commeth from the hils, and
at the first is forked, but soone after making a lake,
they gather a|gaine into a smaller chanell: finallie
meeting with the Brenge,Brenge. they fall into the sea at Carleton
south|east, as I wéene of Drig. The Cander,Cander. or (as Leland
nameth it) the Calder, commeth out of Copeland
for|rest, by Cander, Sellefield, and so into the sea.
Then come we to Euer water, descending out of a poole
a|boue Coswaldhow, and thence going by Euerdale, it
crosseth a water from Arladon, and after procéedeth to
Egremond, S. Iohns, and taking in another rill from
Hide, it is not long yer it méeteth with the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The next fall is at Moresbie, whereof I haue no
skill. From thence therefore we cast about by saint
Bees to Derwentset hauen, whose water is truelie
written Dargwent or Deruent.Dargwent. It riseth in the hils about
Borrodale, from whence it goeth vnto the Grange,
thence into a lake, in which are certeine I|lands, and
so vnto Keswtjc, where it falleth into the Bure,
whereof the said lake is called Bursemere,Burthméere. or the Burthmere
poole. In like sort the Bure or Burth|mere water,
rising among the hils goeth to Tegbur|thesworth,
Forneside, S. Iohns, and Threlcoe: and there méeting
with a water from Grisdale, by Wa|kethwate, called
Grise, it runneth to Burnesse,Grise. Kes|wtjc, and there receiueth the
Darwent. From Kes|wtjc in like sort it goeth to
Thorneswate (and there making a plash) to Armanswate,
Isell, Huthwate and Cokermouth,Cokar. and here it receiueth the Cokar, EEBO page image 87 which rising among the hils
commeth by Lowse|water, Brakenthwate, Lorton, and so
to Cokar|mouth towne, from whence it hasteth to
Bridge|ham, and receiuing a rill called the Wire, on
the south side that runneth by Dein, it leaueth
Sam|burne and Wirketon behind it, and entereth into
the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
Leland saith that the Wire is a créeke where
ships lie oft at rode,Wire.
and that Wirketon or Wirkington towne dooth take his
name thereof. He addeth also that
there i [...]iron and coles, beside lead ore in
Wire|dale. Neuerthelesse the water of this riuer is
for the most part fore troubled, as comming through a
sud|die or soddie more, so that little good fish is
said to liue therein.Elmus.
But to proceed. The Elme ri [...]eth in the mines
aboue Amautrée, and from Amautre goeth to Yeresbie,
Harbie, Brow, and there taking in a rill on the left
hand comming by Torpennie, it goeth to Hatton castell,
Alwarbie, Birthie, Dereham, and so into the sea.
Thence we go about by the chappell at the point, and come to a baie serued with two
fresh wa|ters, whereof one rising westward goeth by
War|ton, Rabbie, Cotes, and so into the maine, taking
in a rill withall from by south, called Croco, that
com|meth from Crockdale, by Bromefield.Croco. The second is named
Wampoole brooke,Uanius.
& this riseth of two heads, whereof one is
about Cardew. Thence in like sort it goeth to
Thuresbie, Croston, Owton, Gamlesbie, Wampall, the
Larth, and betwéene Whiteridge and Kirbie into the
saltwater. From hence we double the
Bowlnesse, and come to an estuarie, whither thrée
notable riuers doo resort, and this is named the
Sol|ueie mouth. But of all, the first excéedeth, which
is cal|led Eden, and whose description dooth follow
here at hand.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Eden well fraught with famon,Eden. descendeth (as I heare) from the hils
in Athelstane moore at the foot of Husstat Moruell
hill, where Swale also riseth, and southeast of
Mallerstang forrest. From thence in like maner it
goeth to Mallerstang towne, Pen|dragon castell, Wharton hall, Netbie, Hartleie
ca|stell, Kirkebie Stephan, and yer it come at great
Musgrane, it receiueth thrée waters, whereof one is
called Helbecke,Helbecke.
bicause it commeth from the Derne and Elinge mounteins
by a towne of the same de|nomination. The other is
named Bellow,Bellow. and
descen|deth from the east mounteins by Sowarsbie,
& these two on the northeast: the third
falleth from Rauen|standale, by Newbiggin, Smardale,
Soulbie, Bla|terne, and so into Eden, that goeth from
thence by Warcop;Orne. and taking in the Orne about Burelles
on the one side, and the Morton becke on the other, it
ha|steth to Applebie,Moreton. thence to Cowlbie, where it crosseth
the Dribecke,Dribecke.
thence to Bolton, and Kirbie, and there méeting with
the Trowt becke,Trowt becke.
and beneath the same with the LiuenetLinenet. (whereinto falleth an
other water from Thurenlie méeting withall beneath
Cle|bron) it runneth finallie into Eden. After the
conflu|ences also the Eden passeth to Temple, and
soone af|ter meeting with the Milburne and
BlincorneMilburne.
Blincorne. wa|ters, in one
chanell, it runneth to Winderwarth and Hornebie, where
we will staie till I haue described the water that
meeteth withall néere the aforesaid place called the
Ulse.Ulse.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 This water commeth out of a lake, which is fed with
six rils,Marke. whereof one
is called the Marke, and néere the fall thereof into
the plash is a towne of the same name;Harteshop. the second hight
Harteshop, & runneth from Harteshop hall by
Depedale; the third is Pa|terdalePaterdale. rill; the fourth Glent
Roden,Roden. the fift
Glenk|guin,Glenkguin. but
the sixt runneth into the said lake, south of
Towthwate. Afterward when this lake commeth to|ward
Pole towne, it runneth into a small chanell, &
going by Barton, Dalumaine, it taketh in a rill by the
waie from Daker castell. Thence it goeth to
Stockebridge, Yoneworth, and soone after méeteth with
a pretie brooke called Loder,Loder. comming from Thornethwate by Bauton,
and héere a rill; then by Helton, and there another;
thence to Askham, Clif|ton, and so ioining with the
other called Ulse, they go to Brougham castell, Nine
churches, Hornebie, and so into Eden, taking in a rill
(as it goeth) that com|meth downe from Pencath. Being
past Hornebie, our Eden runneth to Langunbie, and
soone after re|ceiuing a rill that commeth from two
heads, and ioi|ning beneath Wingsell, it hasteth to
Lasenbie, then to Kirke Oswald (on ech side whereof
commeth in a rill from by east) thence to Nonneie, and
there a rill, Anstable, Cotchill, Corbie castell,
Wetherall, New|bie: where I will staie, till I haue
described the Ir|ding, and such waters as fall into
the same before I go to Carleill.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Irding ariseth in a moore in the borders of
Tindale,Irding. néere vnto
Horsse head crag, where it is called Terne becke;Terne. vntill it come to Spicrag
hill, that diuideth Northumberland and Gillesland in
sunder, from whence it is named Irding. Being therfore
come to Ouerhall, it receiueth the Pultrose
becke,Pultrose. by east,
and thence goeth on to Ouerdenton, Netherdenton,
Leuercost, and Castelstead, where it taketh in the
Cambocke,Cambocke. that
runneth by Kirke Cambocke, Askerton castell, Walton,
and so into Irding, which goeth from thence to
Irdington, Newbie, & so into Eden. But a
little before it come there,Gillie. it crosseth with the Gillie that
commeth by Tankin, and soone after falleth into it.
After these confluences, our Eden goeth to Linstocke
castell, (and here it interteineth a brooke, comming
from Cotehill ward by Aglionbie) and then vnto
Car|leill, which is now almost inuironed with foure
waters.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 For beside the Eden it receiueth the Peder,Pedar aliàs Logus. which
Leland calleth Logus from southeast. This
Peder riseth in the hils southwest of Penruddocke,
from whence it goeth to Penruddocke, then to
Gra|stocke castell, Cateleie, and Kenderside hall, and
then taking in a water from Unthanke, it goeth to
Cath|wade, Pettrelwaie, Newbiggin, Carleton, and so
into Eden, northeast of Carleill. But on the north
side the Bruferth brooke dooth swiftlie make his
en|trance, running by Leuerdale,Bruferth. Scalbie castell, and Housedon; as
I am informed. The third is named Candan (if not Deua
after Leland) which rising about the Skidlow
hils, runneth to Mosedale, Caldbecke, Warnell,
Saberham, Rose castell, Dawston, Brounston,
Harrington, and west of Carleill falleth into Eden,
which going from thence by Grimsdale, Kirke Andros,
Beaumont, falleth into the sea be|neath the Rowcliffe
castell. And thus much of the E|den, which
Leland neuerthelesse describeth after
an|other sort, whose words I will not let to set downe
here in this place, as I find them in his
commen|taries.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Eden, after it hath run a pretie space from his
head,Wise after
Leland.
méeteth in time with the Ulse
water, which is a great brooke in Westmerland, and
rising aboue Maredale, a mile west of Loder, it
commeth by the late dissolued house of Shappe
priorie,Loder. théee miles
from Shappe, and by Brampton village into Loder or
Lodon. Certes this streame within halfe a mile of the
head, becommeth a great lake for two miles course, and
afterward waxing narrow againe, it runneth foorth in a
meane and indifferent bottome. The said Eden in like
sort receiueth the Aimote a|bout thrée miles beneath
Brougham castell,Aimote. and
in|to the same Aimote falleth the Dacor becke
(alreadie touched) which riseth by northwest in
Materdale hils, foure miles aboue Dacor castell,Dacor. and then going EEBO page image 88 through Dacor parke, it runneth by east a
good mile lower into Eimote, a little beneath
Delamaine, which standeth on the left side of Dacor.
In one of his bookes also he saith, how Carleill
standeth betwéene two streames,Deua. that is to saie the Deua, which
com|meth thither from by southwest, and also the Logus
tha descendeth from the southeast. He addeth more|ouer
how the Deua in times past was named Uala or
Bala,Uala. and that of the
names of these two, Lugiba|la for Caerleill hath beene
deriued, &c. and thus much
out of Leland. But where he had the cause of
this his coniecture as yet I haue not read. Of this am
I cer|teine, that I vse the names of most riuers hete
and else-where described, accordinglie as they are
called in my time, although I omit not to speake here
and there of such as are more ancient, where iust
occasion mooueth me to remember them, for the better
vn|derstanding of our histories, as they doo come to
hand.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Blacke LeuenLeuen. and
white Leuen waters, fall in|to the
sea in one chanell, and with them the LamfordLamford. and the Eske,Eske. the last confluence being
not a full mile from the maine sea. The white and
blacke Leuen ioi|ning therfore aboue Bucknesse, the
confluence goeth to Bracken hill, Kirkleuenton, and at
TomuntTomunt. water
meeteth with the Eske. In like sort the KirsopKirsop. ioining with the
LiddeLidde. out of
Scotland at Kirsop foot, running by Stangerdike side,
Harlow, Hath|water, and taking in the Eske aboue the
Mote, it looseth the former name, and is called Eske,
vntill it come to the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 Hauing thus gone thorough the riuers of Eng|land, now
it resteth that we procéed with those which are to be
found vpon the Scotish shore, in such order as we best
may, vntill we haue fetched a compasse about the same,
and come vnto Barwike, whence af|terward it shall be
easie for vs to make repaire vnto the Thames, from
which we did set forward in the be|ginning of our
voiage. The first riuer that I met withall on the
Scotish coast,Eske. is the
Eske, after I came past the
Solueie, which hath his head in the Che|uiot hilles,
runneth by Kirkinton, and falleth into the sea at
Borow on the sands. This Eske hauing receiued the Ewis
falleth into the Solueie first at Atterith. After this
I passed ouer a little créeke from Kirthell, and so to
Anand, whereof the vallie Anan|dale dooth séeme to
take the name. There is also the Nide, whereof commeth
Nidsdale, the Ken, the Dée, the Crale, and the
Bladnecke, and all these (besides diuerse other small
rilles of lesse name) doo lie vpon
the south of Gallowaie.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 On the north side also we haue the Ruan, the Arde,
the Cassile Dune, the Burwin, the Cluide (where|vpon
sometime stood the famous citie of Alcluide, and
whereinto runneth the Carath) the Hamell, the
Dourglesse, and the Lame. From hence in like ma|ner we
came vnto the Leuind mouth, wherevnto the Blake on the
southwest and the Lomund lake, with his fléeting Iles
and fish without finnes (yet verie holesone) dooth
séeme to make his issue. This lake of Lomund in calme weather ariseth sometimes so high,
and swelleth with such terrible billowes, that it
causeth the best marriners of Scotland to abide the
leisure of this water, before they dare aduenture to
hoise vp sailes on hie. The like is seene in windie
weather, but much more perillous. There are cer|teine
Iles also in the same, which mooue and remooue,
oftentimes by force of the water, but one of them
e|speciallie, which otherwise is verie fruitfull for
pastu|rage of cattell.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Next vnto this is the Leue,Leue. the Rage, the Long,Long. the Goile, & the Heke,Goile, Heke. which for the
excéeding great|nesse of their heads, are called
lakes. Then haue we the Robinseie,Robinseie. the Foreland, the Tarbat,Forlan Tarbat. the Lean,Lean. and the Abir,Abir. wherevnto the Spanseie,
the Loine, the Louth, the Arke,Arke. and the ZefeZefe. doo fall, there is also the Sell,Sell. the Zord,Zord. the Owin,Owin. the Newisse,Newisse. the OrneOrne. the Lang,Lang. the Drun,Drun. the Hew,Hew. the Brun,Brun. the Kell,Kile.
the Dowr,Dowr. the
Faro,Faro. the Nesse,Nesse. the Herre,Herre. the Con,Con. the Glasse,Glasse. the Maur,Maur. the Urdall,Urdall. the Fers (that com|meth
out of the Caldell) the Fairsoke, which two lat|ter
lie a little by west of the Orchades, and are
pro|perlie called riuers, bicause they issue onelie
from springs; but most of the other takes, bicause
they come from linnes and huge pooles, or such low
bot|tomes, fed with springs, as séeme to haue no
accesse, but onelie recesse of waters, whereof there
be manie in Scotland.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 But to procéed. Hauing once past Dungisbie head in
Cathnesse, we shall yer long come to the mouth of the
Wifle, a prettie streame, comming by south of the
mounteins called the Maidens pappes. Then to the
Browre, the Clin, the Twin (where|into runneth three
riuers,Fesse. the Shin,
the Sillan, and Carew) the Nesse,Calder. which beside the plentie of sa|mon
found therein is neuer frosen,Wifle. nor suffereth yce to remaine there,
that is cast into the poole.Browre. From thence we come vnto the
Narding,Clin. the
Fin|derne, the Spaie (which receiues the Uine) the
Fitch,Twin. the
Bulich,Shin. the Arrian,
the Leuin, and the Bogh, from whence we saile vntill
we come about the Buquhan head,Sillan. and so to the Downe, and Dee: which
two streames bring forth the greatest samons that are
to be he had in Scotland,Carew. and most plentie of the same.Nesse. Then to the north Eske,
whereinto the Esmond runneth aboue Brechin,Narding. the south Eske, then
the Louen and the Taw,Spaie.
which is the finest riuer for water that is in all
Scotland,Downe. and
wherevnto most riuers and lakes doo run.Dée. As Farlake, Yrth,
Goure,Eske. Loich,
Cannach, Linell, Loion, Irewer, Erne, and diuerse
other besides small rillets which I did neuer looke
vpon.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Then is there the lake Londors, vpon whose mouth
saint Andrewes dooth stand, the lake Lewin, vnto whose
streame two other lakes haue recourse in Fifland, and
then the Firth or Fortha, which some doo call the
Pictish and Scotish sea, whither the king|dome of the
Northumbers was sometime extended, and with the riuer
last mentioned (I meane that commeth from Londors)
includeth all Fife, the said Fortha being full of
oisters and all kinds of huge fish that vse to lie in
the déepe. How manie waters run into the Firth, called
by Ptolomie Loxa, it is not in my power
iustlie to declare: yet are there both ri|uers, rills,
& lakes that fall into the same, as
Clacke,Clacke. Alon,Alon. Dune,Dune. Kerie,Kerie.
Cambell,Cambell.
Cumer,Cumer. Tere,Tere. Man,Man. Torkeson,Torkesan. Rosham,Rosham. Mushell,Mussell. Blene,Blene. and diuerse o|ther which I call by
these names, partlie after infor|mation, and partlie
of such townes as are neere vn|to their heads.
Finallie, when we are past the Haie, then are we come
vnto the Twede,
Twede.
whereinto we entred, leauing Barwike on the
right hand and his appurtenances, wherein Halidon hill
standeth, and conteineth a triangle of so much ground
beyond the said riuer, as is well néere foure miles in
length, and thrée miles in bredth in the broad end:
except mine information doo faile me.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Twede (which Ptolomie nameth
Toualsis or Toesis, &
betwéene which and the Tine the coun|tie of
Northumberland is in maner inclosed, and watred with
sundrie noble riuers) is a noble streame and the limes
or bound betwéene England & Scot|land, wherby
those two kingdomes are now diuided in sunder. It
riseth about Drimlar in Eusbale (or rather out of a
faire well (as Leland saith) standing in the
mosse of an hill called Airstane, or Harestan in Twede
dale ten miles from Pibble) and so com|ming by Pibble,
Lander, Dribiwgh, Lelse, Warke, EEBO page image 89
Norham and Hagarstone, it falleth into the sea
be|neath Barwike, as I heare. Thus saith
Leland. But I not contented with this so
short a discourse of so long a riuer & briefe
description of so faire a streame, will ad somewhat
more of the same concerning his race on the English
side, and rehearsall of such ri|uers as fall into it.
Comming therefore to Ridam, it receiueth betwéene that
and Carham a becke, which descendeth from the hilles
that lie by west of Windram. Going also from Ridam by
Longbridg|ham (on the Scotish
side) and to Carham, it hasteth immediatlie to Warke
castell on the English, and by Spilaw on the other
side, then to Cornewall, Cald streame, and Tilmouth,
where it receiueth sundrie waters in one botome which
is called the Till, and whose description insueth here
at hand.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Certes there is no head of anie riuer that is na|med
Till,Till. but the issue
of the furthest water that com|meth hereinto, riseth
not farre from the head of Us|waie in the Cheuiot
hilles, where it is called Bren|nich, whereof the kingdome of Brennicia did
some|time take the name. From thence it goeth to
Hart|side, Ingram, Branton, Crawleie, Hedgeleie,
Be|ueleie, and Bewije, beneath which it receiueth one
water comming from Rodham by west, and soone after a
second descending from the Middletons, and so they go
as one with the Bromish,Bromis. by Chatton to Fowbreie (where they
crosse the third water falling downe by north from
Howborne by Hescibridge) thence to Woller, there also
taking in a rill that ri|seth about
Middleton hall, and runneth by Hardleie, Whereleie,
and the rest afore remembred, wherby the water of
Bromis is not a little increased, and after this
latter confluence beneath Woller, no more cal|led
Bromis but the Till, vntill it come at the Twede. The
Till passing therefore by Wetel and and Dedington,
méeteth soone after with a faire streame comming from
by southwest, which most men call the Bowbent or
Bobent.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 It riseth on the west side of the Cocklaw hill,Bobent. and
from thence hasteth to Hattons, beneath the which it
ioineth from by southeast with the Hellerborne, and
then goeth to Pudston, Downeham, Kilham, and a little
by north of Newton Kirke, and betwéene it and west
Newton, it taketh in another water called Glin,
comming from the Cheuiot hilles by Heth poole, and
from thenseforth runneth on without anie further
increase, by Copland, Euart, and so in the Till. The
Till for his part in like sort after this con|fluence
goeth to Broneridge, Fodcastell, Catall
ca|stell, Heaton, & north
of T [...]mouth into the Twede, or by west of
Wesell, except my memori [...] dooth faile me.
After this also our aforesaid water of Twede
descendeth to Grotehugh, the Newbiggins, Nor|ham
castell, Foord, Lungridge,Whitaker. & crossing the Whita|ker on
the other side from Scotland beneath Caw|mill, it
runneth to Ordo, to Barwike, and so into the Ocean,
leauing (as I said) so much English ground on the
northwest ripe, as lieth in manner of a trian|gle
betwéene Cawmils, Barwike, and Lammeton, which (as one noteth) is no more but two
miles and an halfe euerie waie, or not much more;
except he be deceiued.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being past this noble streame, we came by a rill that
descendeth from Bowsden by Barington. Then by the
second which ariseth betwéene Middleton and Detcham or
Dereham, and runneth by Eskill and the Rosse, next of
all to Warnemouth of whose backe water I read as
followeth. The Warne or Gwerne riseth southwest of
Crokelaw, and going by Warneford,Warne. Bradford, Spindlestone, and Bud [...],
it leaueth Newton on the right hand, and so falleth
in|to the Ocean after it hath run almost nine miles
from the head within the land, and receiued a rill
be|neath Yessington, which commeth downe betwéene
Newland and Olchester, and hath a bridge beneath the
confluence, which leadeth ouer the same. From
Warnemouth, we sailed by Bamborow castell, and came at
last to a fall betweene Bedwell and New|ton. The maine
water that serueth this issue, riseth aboue Carleton
from the foot of an hill, which séemeth to part the
head of this and that of Warne in sun|der. It runneth
also by Carleton, Tonleie, Oxford, Brunton, and
Tuggell, and finallie into the sea, as to his course
apperteineth.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 From this water we went by Dunstanbugh ca|stell,Aile, or Alne, aliàs
Chaine. vnto the Chalne or Alnemouth, which is
serued with a pretie riueret called Alne, the head
whereof ri|seth in the hils west of Alnham towne, and
called by Ptolomie, Celnius. From thense also
it runneth by Rile, Kile, Estington, and Whittingham,
where it crosseth a rill comming from by south, and
beneath the same, the second that descendeth from
Eirchild at Brone, & likewise the third that
riseth at Newton, and runneth by Edlingham castell and
Lemmaton (all on the southeast side or right hand) and
so passeth on further, till it meet with the fourth,
comming from aboue Shipleie from by north, after which
confluence it goeth to Alnewije, & then to
Denntie, receiuing there a rillet from by south and a
rill from by north, and thence going on to Bilton,
betweene Ailmouth towne and Wooddon, it sweepeth into
the Ocean.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The CocketCocket. is a
goodlie riuer, the head also there|of is in the roots
of Kemblespeth hils, from whence it goeth to
Whiteside, and there meeting with the Us|waieUswaie. (which descendeth from
the north) it goeth a little further to Linbridge, and
there receiueth the Ridleie by southwest, and after
that with another, called (as I thinke) the Hoc, which
commeth from the Woodland and hillie soile by
Allington, & falleth into the same, west of
Parke head. It ioineth also yer long with the
Ridland,Ridlcie. which
commeth in north by Bilstone, and then hieth to
Sharpton, to Harbotle, where it crosseth the Yardop
water by south,Yardop. then
to Woodhouse, and swallowing in a litle becke by the
waie from south|west, to Bickerton, to Tossons,
Newton, and run|ning apace toward Whitton towre, it
taketh a brooke withall that commeth in northwest of
Alnham, néere Elthaw, and goeth by Skarnewood, ouer
nether Trewhet, Snitter, and Throxton, and soone after
vni|teth it selfe with the Cocket,It may, be Leland mista|keth Ticking+ton
water for one of these. from whence they go
to|gether to Rethburie, or Whitton towre, to Halie, to
Brinkehorne, Welden, taking withall soone after the
Tod or burne called Tod, which falleth in from by
south, then to Elihaw, Felton (receiuing thereabout
the Fareslie brooke, that goeth by Wintring by south
east, and Sheldike water, that goeth by Hason, to
Brainsaugh by north) and from thence to Morricke
Warkworth ca [...]ell, and so into the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 There is furthermore a little fall, betwéene
Hawkeslaw and Drurith, which riseth about Stokes wood
goeth by east Cheuington, and Whittington ca|stell,
and afterward into the Ocean.Lune. The Lune is a pretie brooke rising west
of Espleie, from whence it goeth to Tritlington,
Ugham, Linton, and yer long in the sea. Wansbecke (in
old time Diua) is far grea|ter than the
Lune.wansbecke. It issueth
vp west and by north of west Whelpington, thence it
runneth to Kirke Whelpington, Wallington, Middleton,
and Anger|ton. Heere it méeteth with a water running
from a|bout Farnelaw by the grange, and Hartburne on
the north, and then going from Angerton, it runneth by
Moseden to Mitforth, and there in like maner cros|seth
the Font,Font. which issuing
out of the ground about Newbiggin, goeth by Nonneie
Kirke, Witton ca|stell, Stanton, Nunriding, Newton,
and so into the Wansbecke, which runneth in like maner
from Mit|ford to Morpheth castell (within two miles
whereof it EEBO page image 90 ebbeth and floweth)
the new Chappell, Bottle castell, Shepwash, and so
into the sea, thrée miles from the next hauen which is
called Blithe.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 Blithe water riseth about kirke Heaton, and go|eth by
Belfe,Blithe. Ogle, and
(receiuing the Port aliàs the Brocket, that
springeth east of S. Oswolds) passeth by Portgate,
Whittington, Fennike hall, Madfen|nes, Hawkewell, the
Grange, & Dis [...]ngtons. After it
hath taken in the Pont from the east (whose head is
not farre from that of Hartleie streame) and is
pastHartleie.
Barwijc on the hill, it runneth by Harford,
Bed|lington, Cowpon, and at Blithes nuke, into the
deepe Ocean. Hartleie streamelet riseth in Wéete|slade
parioch, goeth by Haliwell, and at Hartleie towne
yeeldeth to the sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Time or Tinna,North
Tine. a riuer notablie stored with samon, and
other good fish, and in old time cal|led Alan, riseth
of two heads, whereof that called north Tine, is the
first that followeth to be described. It springeth vp
aboue Belkirke in the hils,Shele. & thence
goeth to Butterhawgh (where it receiueth a con|fluence
of Kirsop and the Shele) thence to Crag|sheles,
Leapelish (receiuing on the south a rill out of
Tindale) then to Shilburne, against which it taketh in
a becke that commeth out of Tindale called Shill, also
two other on the same side, betweene Yarro and Fawston
hall, and the third at Thorneburne, and so goeth on to
Grenested, and there carrieth withall a fall, from by
north also made by the confluence of one rill comming
by Thecam, and another that pas|seth by Holinhead, and likewise another on the south
comming from Tindale, by Chuden, Dalacastell, and
Brokes: after which our north Tine goeth by Hellaside,
to Billingham, and at Rhedes mouth méeteth with the
Ridde, a verie prettie water, whose description is
giuen me after this maner.Ridde.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 The Ridde therefore riseth within thrée miles of the
Scotish march, as Leland saith, &
commeth through Riddesdale, wherevnto it giueth the
name. Another writeth how it riseth in the roots of
the Carter, and Redsquibe hilles,
and yer it hath gone farre from the head, beside a few
little rilles it taketh in the Spel|hopShelop. or Petop from the north
and the CheslopCheslop. on
the south, beside sundrie other wild rits namelesse
and obscure, as one on the north side next vnto the
Potop or Spelhop; another by south out of Riddesdale,
the third west of Burdop, the fourth runneth by
Wul|law to Rochester, then two from southwest, another
from by north which goeth by Durtburne, and is cal|led
Durt or Durth, then the Smalburne from the west. Next to the same is the Otter or
Otterburne on the north side also the Ouereie, and
finallie the last which descendeth from Ellesdon
hilles, by Munkrige and ioineth with our Ridde,
northwest of Nud|howgh, after which the said Ridde
goeth by Wood|burne, Risingham, Leame, and so into the
Tine, a little lower than Belingham or Bilingham,
which standeth some what aloofe from north Tine, and
is (as I take it) ten miles at the least aboue the
towne of Hexham. After this confluence it passseth to
Léehall,3.
Burnes.
to Carehouse
(crossing ShitlingtonShitlington. becke by west which also
receiueth the Yare on the south side of Shitlington)
another also beneath this on the same side, made by
the confluence of Workes burne, and Middle burne, at
Roseburne, beside the third called Morleis or Morelée
aboue, and Simons burne be|neath Shepechase, and
likewise the Swine from by forth that runneth by
Swinburne castell, next of all the Riall from the
northeast, which commeth by E|rington, & so
holding his course directlie southwarde, it goeth by
S. Oswolds through the Pictithwall, to Wall, and so
into south Tine, beneath Accam, and northwest (as I
doo wéene) of Hexham.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The south Tine ariseth in the Cheuiot hils,Tine. S. and yet it hath gone
farre from the head, it méeteth with Esgill on the
east,Esgin. and another
rill on the west, and so going by the houses toward
Awsten moore, it [...]ometh with Schud from
by west, and soone after with the Uent from by east
aboue Lowbier. From Low|bier it goeth to
Whitehalton,Uent. to Kirke
Haugh (cros|sing the Gilders beckeGilders beck. on the one side, and the Alne
on the other) to Thornehope, where it is inlarged with
a water on each side, to Williamstone, and al|most at
Knaresdale,Knare. taketh
in the Knare, and then runneth withall to Fetherstone
angle. At Fether|stone angle likewise it méeteth with
Hartleie water, by southwest comming from Sibins or
Sibbenes, another a little beneath from southeast, and
thence when it commeth to Billester castell, it
carieth ano|ther withall from by west, Thirlewall
called Rippall which riseth in the forrest of Lowes,
and goeth by the Waltowne, Blinkinsop, &
Widon, and after which confluence it taketh in another
from by north rising west of Swinsheld, which goeth by
Grenelegh to Haltwestell: thence going by Unthanke, it
crosseth a|nother rill from by south, descending from
thee hilles that lie north of Todlewood, and then
proceeding vn|to Wilmotteswije, it admitteth the
Wilmots becke from the south, and another running by
Bradleie hall on the north side of Beltingham; after
which it mée|teth with the Alen a proper water, and
described af|ter this maner.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The Alen or Alon hath two heads,East Alen. whereof one is called east Alen,
the other west Alen. The first of them riseth
southeast of Sibton Sheles, & going by
Sun|dorp, it taketh in a rill withall from by est;
after which confluence it runneth to Newshele,
Allington, Cad|don, Old towne, & in the course
to Stauertpele, mée|teth with the west Alen. The west
Alen riseth in Kil|lop low hilles aboue Whe [...]ele [...]e sheles,West
Alen. from whence it goeth to Spartwell,
Hawcopole, Owston, and ta|king in a rill thereabouts,
if procéedeth on to Per|mandbie, and crossing there
another rill in like ma|ner from by west, it goeth by
Whitefield, and ioining soone after with the est Alen,
they run as one to Sta|uert poole, Plankford, and so
into the Tine betweene Beltingham and Lées, from
whence the Tine run|neth on by Lees Haddon, Woodhall,
Owners, Whernebie, Costleie, & so by Warden,
till it crosse the north Tine, and come to Hexham,
from whence it goeth to Dilstan, crossing two waters
by the waie, whereof one commeth from by south, and is
called the Wolsh, which holdeth hir course by
Sielehall, and Newbiggin receiueth another comming
from Grimbridge: the other called Dill so me what
lower descending from Hedleie, and running by Rising,
till it fall into the south side of our streame from
Dilstan, it goeth to Bywell castell, ouer against
which it receiueth a rill that runneth by Hindleie,
thence it hasteth to Eltingham, Pruddo, Willam, (and
there it meeteth with another becke) then to Re|ton,
Blaidon, and next of all ioineth with the Dar|went,
from by south.
This riuer riseth aboue Knewdon, and Rudlam|hope in
Northumberland,Darwent.
from two heads: the nor|therlie being called Dere, and
the southerlie the Guent: and ioining so well yer long
in chanell as in name, they runne on to Humsterworth,
new Big|gin, Blankeland, Acton, Aspersheles,
Blackheadlie, Brentfield side, Pansheles, E [...]chester, and there ta|king in a water from Hedlere
in Northumberland, néere to Blacke hall in the
bishoprike, it goeth on to Spen, Holl inside, Wickham
Swalwell, and so into Tine, which passeth from thence
by Elswijc, and mée|ting with another water comming
from Shildraw, by Rauensworth castell to Redhugh, it
goeth on to Newcastell, Fellin, Netherheworth, Walker,
Waswon, Hedburne, and next to Ierco or Girwie, EEBO page image 91 where Beda dwelled in an
abbeie; now a gentlemans place (although the church be
made a parish church, wherevnto diuerse townes resort,
as moonke Eaton where Beda was borne, which
is a mile from thence, Southsheles, Harton, Westhow,
Hebburne, Hed|worth, Wardleie, Fellin, Follinsbie, the
Heworthes) and from thence to the south and
Northsheles, and so into the sea, fiue miles by
northwest of Weremouth, and (as I gesse) some what
more.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Beneath the confluence in like sort of both
the Tines, standeth Corbridge, a
towne sometime inha|bited by the Romans, and about
twelue miles from Newcastell, and hereby dooth the
Corue run, that meeteth yer long with the Tine. Not
farre off also is a place called Colchester, wherby
Leland gesseth that the name of the brooke
should rather be Cole than Corue,Corue. and in my iudgement his coniecture is
verie likelie; for in the life of S. Oswijn (otherwise
a féeble authoritie) the word Colbridge is alwaies
vsed for Corbridge, whereof I thought good to leaue
this short aduertisement. In this
countrie also are the thrée vales or dales, whereof
men haue doubted whether théeues or true men doo most
abound in them, that is to saie, Riddesdale, Tuidale,
and Liddesdale: this last being for the most part
Scotish, and without the marches of England.
Neuerthelesse, sithens that by the diligence cheefelie
of maister Gilpin, and finallie of other learned
preachers, the grace of God work|ing with them, they
haue béene called to some obedi|ence and zeale vnto
the word, it is found that they
haue so well profited by the same, that at this
present their former sauage demeanour is verie much
aba|ted, and their barbarous wildnesse and fiercenesse
so qualified, that there is great hope left of their
reduc|tion vnto ciuilitie, and better order of
behauiour than hitherto they haue béene acquainted
withall. But to procéed with the rest.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3
Ptolomie, writing of the Were, calleth it
Uedra, a riuer well knowne vnto Beda the
famous préest, who was brought vp in a monasterie that
stood vpon the bankes thereof.Were. It riseth of thrée heads
in Kellop|peslaw hill, whereof the most southerlie is
called Burdop,Burdop. the
middlemost Wallop,Wallop.
and the northerli|est Kellop,Kellop. which vniting themselues about S.
Iohns chappell, or a little by west thereof, their
confluence runneth through Stanhope parke, by east
Yare, and so to Frosterleie. But yer it come there, it
receiueth thrée rilles from the north in Weredale,
whereof one commeth in by Stanhope, another west of
Wood|croft hall, and the third at Frosterleie afore
mentio|ned. And a little beneath
these, I find yet a fourth on the south side, which
descendeth from southwest by Bolliop, Bishopsleie,
Milhouses, and Landew, as I haue béene informed. Being
therefore vnited all with the Were, this streame goeth
on to Walsing|ham,Wascrop.
there taking in the Wascropburne, beside ano|ther at
Bradleie, the third at Harpleie hall (and these on the
north side) and the fourth betwéene Witton and Witton
castell called Bedburne, comming by Hamsterleie,Bedburne. whereby this riuer
dooth now wax ve|rie great. Going
therefore from hence, it hasteth to Bishops Akeland,
and beneath it receiueth the Ga|rondlesse, which (as
Leland saith) riseth six miles by west of
Akeland castell, and running south thereof, passeth by
west Akeland, S. Helens Akeland, S. An|drewes Akeland,
and bishops Akeland, and then into the Were which
goeth to Newfield, and Willing|ton. Neere vnto this
place also and somewhat beneath Sunderland, the Were,
crosseth one brooke from southest by Het, Croxseie,
Cronefurth, Tursdale, and Coxdale, and two other from
by northwest in one botome, whereof the first commeth
from aboue Ash by Langleie: the other called Coue,
from aboue Kinchleie by Newbiggin, Lanchester, north
Langlie, and through Beare parke, & so méeting
beneath Rel|leie or Hedleie with the other, they fall
both as one into the Were, betweene south Sunderland
and Burnall. From hence our riuer goeth on to
Howgh|well, Shirkeleie, old Duresme (and there taking
in the Pidding brookePidding
brooke. by northeast) it goeth to Dures|me,
Finkeleie, Harbarhouse, Lumleie castell (where it
méeteth with the Pilis,Pilis. whose heads are vnited be|tweene Pelton
and Whitwell (and after called Hed|leie) and from
thence to Lampton, Harroton, the Be|dikes, Ufferton,
Hilton parke, Bishops, Were|mouth, and so into the
sea, betweene north Sunder|land and north Weremouth
towne, which now is called moonke Weremouth of the
monasterie some|time standing there, wherein
Beda read & wrote manie of his
bookes, as to the world appeareth. This mouth of Were
is eight miles from Durham, and six from Newcastell.
Being thus passed the Were, & entered into the
Bishoprijc, yer we come at the mouth of the These,
almost by two miles, ouer passing a rill that runneth
by castell Eden, and Hardwijc, and likewise
Hartlepoole towne, which lieth ouer into the sea in
maner of a byland or peninsula, we meet with
a pret|tie fall, which groweth by a riuer that is
increased with two waters, whereof one riseth by
northwest a|bout Moretons, and goeth by Stotfeld and
Claxton, the other at Dawlton, going by Breerton,
Ow|tham, and Grettam, finallie ioining within two
miles of the sea, they make a prettie portlet: but I
know not of what securitie.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The These,Thesis. a riuer
that beareth and féedeth an ex|cellent samon, riseth
in the Blacke lowes, aboue two miles flat west of the
southerlie head of Were called Burdop, and south of
the head of west Alen, and thence runneth through
Tildale forrest: and ta|king in the Langdon water from
northwest it run|neth to Durtpit chappell, to
Newbiggin, and so to Middleton, receiuing by west of
each of these a rill comming from by north (of which
the last is called Hude) and likewise the Lune
afterward by southwestHude.
that riseth at thrée seueral places, whereof the first
is in the borders of Westmerland and there called
Arnegill becke, the second more southerlie, named
Lunebecke, and the third by south at Bandor Skarth
hill,Lune. and méeting all
aboue ArnegillArnegill.
house, they run togither in one bottome to Lathekirke
bridge, and then into the These. Hauing therefore met
with these, it runneth to Mickelton (& there
taking in the Skirkwith water) it goeth to Rombald
kirke (cros|singSkirkewith.
there also one rill and the Bander brooke by
southBander west) and then
going to Morewood hag, and More|wood parke, till it
come to Bernards castell.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Here also it receiueth the Thuresgill water com|ming
east of Rere crosse in Yorkeshire,Rere crosse. from the spittle in Stanmore by
Crag almost southwest, and being vnited with the
These, it goeth by Stratford, Eglesdon, Rokesbie,
Thorpe, Wickliffe, Ouington, Winston, and betweene
Barfurth and Gainfurth méeteth with another rill, that
commeth from Lang|leie forest, betwéene Rabie castell
and Standorpe, of whose name I haue no knowledge. But
to procéed. The These being past Ramforth, runneth
betwéene Persore and Cliffe, and in the waie to Croffs
bridge taketh in the Skerne a pretie water, which
riseth a|bout Trimdon,Skerne. and goeth by Fishburne, Bradburie,
Preston, Braforton, Skirmingham, the Burdons, Haughton
and Darlington, & there finallie meeting with
the Cocke becke or Dare, it falleth in the These
beneath Stapleton, before it come at Croffs bridge,
and (as it should séeme) is the same which
Leland cal|leth Gretteie or Grettie. From
thence it runneth to Sockburne, nether Dunsleie,
Middleton row, New|sham, Yarne (crossing a brooke from
Leuen bridge) called Leuen or Leuinus in
Latine, whose crinkling EEBO page image 92 course
is notable, and the streame of some called Thorpe,
which I find described in this maner.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3 The Thorpe riseth of sundrie heads,Thorpe aliàs Leuand. wereof one is
aboue Pinching Thorpe, from whence it goeth to
Nonnethorpe, and so to Stokesleie. The second hath two
branches, and so placed, that Kildale standeth
be|tweene them both: finallie, méeting beneath Easbie
they go by Eaton, and likewise vnto Stokesleie. The
last hath also two branches, whereof one com|meth from
Inglesbie, and méeteth with the second beneath Broughton; & going from
thence to Stokes|leie, they méet with the Thorpe aboue
the towne, as the other fall into it somewhat beneath
the same. From hence it goeth to Ridleie,Trawthorne. and there taketh in
another rill comming from Potto, thence to Craw|thorne
brooke, Leuanton, Milton, Hilton, Inglesbie, and so
into the These, betwéene Yarne and Bar|wtjc, whereof I
made mention before. After this confluence our These
hasteth on to Barwtjc, Pres|ston, Thorne abbeie, and
Arsham, which standeth on the
southeast side of the riuer almost betweene the falles
of two waters, whereof one descendeth from west
Hartburne by long Newton, Elton, & Stock|ton;
the other from Stillington, or Shillington, by
Whitton, Thorpe, Blackestone, Billingham, and Norton.
From Arsham finallie it goeth to Bella|sis,
Middleburgh, and so into the sea. Leland
de|scribing this riuer speaketh of the Wiske, which
should come thereinto from by south vnder Wiske
bridge, by Danbie, and Northalarton, and
should ioine with a greater
streame: but as yet I find no certeine place where to
bestow the same.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2 Next of all we come vnto the high Cliffe water, which
rising aboue Hutton, goeth by Gisborow, and there
receiueth another streame comming from by southeast,
and then continuing on his course, it is not long yer
it fall into the sea. The next is the Sca|ling water,
which descendeth from Scaling towne, from whence we
come to the Molemouth, not farre from whose head
standeth Molgraue castell: then to Sandford
creeke,Eske. and next of
all to Eske mouth, which riseth
aboue Danbie wood, and so goeth to Ca|stelton, there
méeting by the waie with another rill comming from
about Westerdale by Danbie, and so they go on togither
by Armar and Thwate castell, till they ioine with
another water aboue Glasdule chappell, thence to new
Biggin, taking yet another brooke with them, running
from Goodland ward, and likewise the Ibur, and so go
on without anie further increase by Busworth,Ibur. yer long into the
sea.
Compare 1577 edition:
1
2
3 There is also a créeke on each side of Robin Whoodes
baie, of whose names and courses I haue no skill,
sauing that Fillingale the towne dooth stand betwéene
them both. There is another not far from Scarborow, on
the north side called the Har|wood brooke. It runneth
through Harwood dale by Cloughton, Buniston, and soone
after méeting with another rill on the southwest, they
run as one into the ocean sea. From Scarborow to
Bridlington, by Flamborow head, we met with no more
falles. This water therefore that
we saw at Bridlington, riseth at Dugglebie, from
whence it goeth to Kirbie, Helperthorpe, Butterwtjc,
Boithorpe, Foxhole, (where it falleth into the ground,
and riseth vp a|gaine at Rudston) Thorpe, Cathorpe,
Bridlington, and so into the Ocean.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 Being come about the Spurne head, I meete yer long
with a riuer that riseth short of Withersie, and goeth
by Fodringham and Wisted, from thence to another that
commeth by Rosse, Halsham, Car|mingham: then to the
third, which riseth aboue Hum|bleton, and goeth to
Esterwtjc, Heddon, and so into the Humber. The fourth
springeth short of Sprot|leie, goeth by Witton, and
falleth into the water of Humber at Merslete, as I
heare.
Compare 1577 edition:
1 The next of all is the Hull water,Hull. which I will describe also here, and
then crosse ouer vnto the sou|therlie shore. The
furthest head of Hull water ri|seth at Kilham, from
whence it goeth to Lewthorpe créeke, and so to
Fodringham, a little beneath which it meeteth with
sundrie waters, whereof one falleth in on the northest
side, comming from about Lisset; the second on the
northwest banke from Nafferton; the third from
Emmeswell and Kirkeburne: for it hath two heads which
ioined beneth little Drifield, and the fourth which
falleth into the same: so that these two latter run
vnto the maine riuer both in one chanell, as
experience hath confirmed. From hence then our Hull
goeth to to Ratseie, to Goodale|house, and then taking
in a water from Hornesie mere, it goeth on through
Beuerleie medowes, by Warron, Stoneferrie, Hull, and
finallie into the Humber. Of the rill that falleth
into this water from south Netherwijc, by Skirlow, and
the two rilles that come from Cottingham and
Woluer|ton, I saie no more, sith it is enough to name
them in their order.
