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1.10. Of the ryſing and falles of ſuch ryuers and ſtreames, as deſcende into the ſea with|out alteration of their names, and firſt of thoſe that lye betweene the Thames and the Sa|uerne. Cap. 9.

Of the ryſing and falles of ſuch ryuers and ſtreames, as deſcende into the ſea with|out alteration of their names, and firſt of thoſe that lye betweene the Thames and the Sa|uerne. Cap. 9.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 4 HAuing as you haue ſéene attempted to ſet downe a full diſcourſe of all the Iſ|landes, that are ſcituate vppon the coaſt of Britayne, and finding the ſucceſſe not correſ|pondent to myne intent, it hath cauſed mée ſomewhat to reſtrayne my purpoſe in thys deſcription of our riuers. For whereas I en|tended at the firſt to haue written at large, of the number, ſcituation, names, quantities, Townes, Villages, Caſtles, Mountaynes, Freſh waters, Plaſhes, or Lakes, Salt wa|ters, and other commodities of the aforeſayd Iſles, myne expectation of information from all partes of Englande, was ſo deceyued in the ende, that I was fayne at laſt, onelye to leane to that which I knewe my ſelfe eyther by reading or ſuch other helpe as I had al|ready purchaſed and gotten of the ſame. And euen ſo it happeneth alſo in this my tracta|tiõ of waters, of whoſe heads, courſes, lẽgth, bredth, depth of Chanell (for burden) ebb [...], flow [...]ges, and falles, I had thought to haue made a perfect deſcriptiõ. But now for want of inſtruction, which hath béene largelye pro|miſed, and ſl [...]ckly perfourmed, and other ſo|dayne and [...]rious denyall of helpe volun|tarily off [...]ed, wythout occaſion gyuen [...] part, I [...] néedes content my ſelf with ſuch obſeruations as I haue eyther obtayned by myne [...] experience, or gathered frõ tyme to tyme out of other [...] writings: wherby the full diſcourſe of the whole is vtterly cut of, and in ſtéede of the ſame a mangled re|hearſall of the reſidue, ſet downe and left in memori [...]. Wherefore I beſéech your Honour to pardon this imperfect [...] and rudeneſſe of my labour, which notwithſtanding is not al|togither in vayne, ſith my errors may pr [...] a ſpurre [...] the better [...], eyther too cor|rect, or inlarge where [...], or at the leaſt wi [...]e to take [...] a more abſolute péece of wor [...]e as better direction ſhall enco|rage them thereto. The entraunce and be|ginning of euery thing is the hardeſt, and hée that beginneth well hath atchieued halfe hys purpoſe. The Iſe my Lorde is broken, and from henceforth it wil be more eaſie for ſuch as ſhall come after to wade through with the reaſt, ſith facile eſt inuẽtis a [...]ere, and to con|tinue and [...]niſhe, is not ſo great a [...] in [...] and laye the founda|tion or [...] of any noble péece of work|manſhippe though it be but rudely handled. But to my purpoſe as I began at ye Thames in any deſcription of Iſlandes,Thameſis. ſo will I now do the [...]ide with that of riuers: making m [...]e entrie at the ſayde ryuer it ſelfe, which hath his heade or beginning out of the ſide of an hyll, ſtanding in the playnes of Cotteſwolde, about one mile from Tetbury néere vnto the Foſſe (an hygh waye ſo called of olde) where it was ſometyme named Iſis or the Ouſe, al|thoughe dyuers doe ignorauntlye call it the Thames, euen there, rather of a fooliſhe cu|ſtome then of anye ſkill, bycauſe they eyther neglect or vtterly are ignoraunt, how it was named at the firſt. From hence it runneth di|rectly toward the eaſt, where it méeteth with the Cyrne or Churne, (a brooke called in latin Corinium) whereof Cyrneceſter towne by which it commeth doth take the name.Corinium. From hence it haſteth to Créekelade (alias Crekan|ford) Lechlade, Radcotebridge, Newbridge, & Euſham (receiuing by the way an infinit ſort of ſmall ſtreames, brookes, beckes, waters, & rundelles) & here on this ſide of the towne de|uiding it ſelfe into two courſes, of which the one goeth ſtrayght to Botley, and Hinkſey, the other by God [...]ow, a village not farre of. This latter ſpreadeth it ſelfe alſo for a whyle EEBO page image 28 into ſundry ſmaller braunches, which runne not farre eare they be reunited, and then be|clipping ſundry pleaſaunt meadowes, it paſ|ſeth at length by Oxeforde, where it méeteth with the Charwell,Charwell. and a little from whence the originall branches doe ioyne agayne and go togither by Abbandune (or Abington, as we call it,) although no part of it at the firſt came ſo néere the Towne as it doth n [...]w,Some write that the maine ſtreame was brou|ght thither which ran before be|twene In| [...]erſey and Culenham till a braunch thereof was led thyther from the mayne ſtreame, through the induſtrie of the monkes as (beſide the teſtimonie of olde re|cordes thereof yet extant to be ſéene) by the decay of Dorcheſter it ſelf, ſomtime the com|mõ thorowfare from Wales, and the Weſt countrey to London, which inſurd vpon this fac [...], is eaſie to bée ſéene. From hence it go|eth to Dorcheſter and ſo to Thame, where ioyning with a riuer of the ſame denomina|tion,If Oxford it ſelfe be not to bee called Duſeford thereof. Pontium. it loſeth the name of Iſis or Ouſe, wher|of Duſeney at Oxeforde is producted) and frõ thẽceforth is called Thameſis. From Thame it goeth to Walling forde and ſo to Reading, which ſome of the number of Bridges there doe call Pontium, albeit that the Engliſhe name doe procéede rather from Rhe, or Rée the Saxon word for a water courſe or riuer which may be ſéene in Ouerée or Sutherey,S. Mary ouer Rhée. for ouer the Rée or South of the Rhe as the ſkilfull can coniecture. But howſoeuer that matter ſtandeth after it hath paſſed by Rea|ding,Kenet. and there receyued the Kenet, which commeth from the hilles that lye Weſt of Marleborough,Thetis. and then the Thetis, com|monly called the Tyde that commeth from the Thetiſforde; it hyeth to Sudlington, or Maydenheade, and ſo to Wyndleſhore (or Windſore) Eaton & then to Chertſey, where Erkenwalde Biſhoppe of London, ſomtime buylded a religious Houſe, as I doe reade. From Chertſeye it haſteth dyrectlye vnto Stanes, and receyuing an other ſtreame by the waye,Cole. called the Cole, (whereupon Col|brooke ſtandeth) it goeth by Kingſtone Shene Sion, and Brentforde, where it méeteth the Brane or the Brene, another Brooke diſcen|ding from Edgeworth whoſe name ſignifieth a Frogge, in the Brittiſh ſpeache. Vppon thys alſo Sir Iohn Thinne, had ſometyme a ſtately houſe wyth marueylous prouiſion to incloſe and retayne ſuch fiſhe as ſhoulde come about the ſame. From Brentfoorde it paſſeth by Mortlach,Brene. Putney, Fulham, Bat|terſey, Chelſey, Lambeth, and ſo to London. Finallye going from thence vnto the ſea, it taketh the Lée wyth it by the waye vpon the Coaſt of Eſſex, and the Darnt vpõ Kentſide, which riſeth néere to Tanrige, and commeth by Shoreham,Darwent. vnto Derntforde, whereunto the Cray falleth:Cray. And leſt of all the mydway a notable ryuer, (in mine opinion) which wa|tereth all the South, and Southweſt part of Kent, and whoſe deſcription is not to be omit|ted in his place.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 Thus we ſée the whole tract and courſe of ye Thames by whoſe head and fall, it is euident that the length therof is at the leaſt, one hun|dreth and eighty miles, if it be meaſured by ye iourneyes of the land. And as it is in courſe, the longeſt of the thrée famous riuers of thys Iſle, ſo it is nothing inferiour vnto them, in abundance of all kinde of fiſhe, whereof it is harde to ſay, which of them haue eyther moſt plentie, or greateſt varietie, if the circumſtã|ces be duely weighed. What ſhould I ſpeake of the fat and ſwéete Samons,Sa [...] dayly taken in this ſtreame, & that in ſuch plentye, as no ry|uer in Europa, is able to excéede it, but what ſtore alſo of Barbelles, Troutes, Chenins, Pearches, Smelts, Breames, Roches,Roch [...] Shrimps & [...] Floũders the be [...]. Da|ces, Gudgins, Floũders, Shrimps, Eles &c. are commõly to be had therein, I referre me to them, that knowe the ſame by experience. And albeit it ſéemeth from time to time, to be as it were defrauded in ſundrye wiſe, of theſe hir large commodities, by the inſociable aua|rice of ye fiſhermen yet this famous ryuer cõ|playneth of no w [...]nte, but the more it looſeth at one tyme, the more it yéeldeth at another. Onely in Carpes it ſéemeth to bée ſcant,Carpes fiſhe [...] brought into E [...]|land, [...] later [...] the Th [...]+mes. ſith it is not long finde that kynde of fiſhe was brought ouer into Englande, and but of late to ſpeake of, into this ſtreame by the violent rage of ſundry Landfloudes, that brake open the heades and dammes of dyuers Gentle|mens pondes, by which meanes it became pertaker alſo of this ſaid commoditie, where|of [...]arſt it had no portion that I coulde euer heare of.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Furthermore the sayde riuer floweth and filleth all his channels twyse in the daye and night, that is in euery 12. houres once, South weſt, [...] north [...] make [...] ſea at [...] full and chaung doth hy+erst tyd [...] which [...] call [...] tides. The [...] diſta [...] bet [...] one tyd [...] another. & thys ebbing and flowing, holdeth on for the ſpace of ſeauentye miles, within the mayne lande: the ſtreame or tyde, being alwayes hygheſt at Londõ, when the Moone doth exactly touch the northeaſt and ſouth or weſt pointes, of the heauens, of which one is viſible, the other vn|der the earth, and not ſubiect to our ſight.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Theſe tydes alſo differ in their tymes eche one comming latter then other, by ſo manye mynutes as paſſe ere the reuolucion and na|turall courſe of the heauens doe reduce, and bring about the ſayde Plannet, vnto thoſe hir former places: whereby the common dif|ference betwéene one tyde and another, is founde to conſiſt of twentye foure mynutes, which wãteth but twelue of an whole houre; EEBO page image 20 in 24 as experience doth confirme.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 This order of flowing likewiſe is parpetu|all,The [...] came oft [...]ecked in [...] entrãce to the [...]nd. except rough winds doe happen to checke the ſtreame in hir comming, or elſe ſome o|ther occaſion, put by the ordinary courſe of the Northern ſeas, which fyll the ſayde ryuer by their naturall returne and flowing. And that both theſe doe happen eft among, I re|ferre me to ſuch as haue not ſildome obſerued it. For ſometime the huge wind kepeth back a great part of the floudde, whereby the tyde is differred (though neuer altogyther put by) and ſometyme there happen thrée or foure tydes in one naturall daye, whereof the vn|ſkilful do deſcant many things. I would here make mencion of ſundry bridges placed ouer this noble ſtreame,London [...]ridge. of which that of London is moſt chiefly to be cõmended, for it is man|ner a continuall Stréete, well repleniſhed with large and ſtatelye houſes on both ſides, & ſcituate vpon twentie Arches, whereof eche one is made of excellent frée ſquared ſtone, e|uery of theym being thréeſcore fote in height, and full twentie in diſtaunce one from ano|ther.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 In lyke maner I coulde intreat of the infi|nite number of ſwannes dayly to be ſéene vp|pon thys riuer, [...]000. wher [...]es vpon [...]he thames [...]nd 3000. [...]ooremen maintained [...]y ye ſame whoſe [...]ams come [...] moſt plẽ| [...]ly in the [...]erme time the two thouſand. Whirries and ſmall bots, whereby thrée thouſand poore watermen are maintained, through the cari|age and recariage, of ſuch perſons as paſſe, or repaſſe, from tyme to tyme vppon the ſame: beſide thoſe huge tyde botes, tiltbotes & barges, which eyther carry paſſengers, or bryng neceſſary prouiſion, from all quarters of Oxefordſhyre, Barkeſhyre, Bucking|hamſhyre, Bedfordeſhyre, Herfordeſhyre, Mydellſex, Eſſex, Surry and Kent, vnto the Citie of London. But forſomuch as theſe thynges are to be repeated againe in the particuler diſcription of London, annexed to hys Carde. I ſuceſſe at this tyme to ſpeake any more of them as alſo of the ryuer it ſelf, wherefore let thys ſuffyſe.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Midway.Next vnto the Thames we haue the mid|way water, which falleth into the mayne ſea at Shepey. It ariſeth Warde forreſt in Suſ|ſex, and when it is come ſo farre as Whethe|lin towne,Dunus. it méeteth a little by north thereof, with the Done, which deſcendeth from wa|terdon forreſt, and from whence they go on togyther, as one by Aſhehirſt, where hauing receyued alſo the ſeconde brooke, it haſteth to Pẽſherſt, & there carrieth with all the Eden, that commeth from Lingfielde parke. After thys it goeth into the South eaſt parte of Kent,Frethus. and taketh with it the Frith or Firth, on the north weſt ſyde, and an other lyttle ſtreame that commeth from the hylles, be|twéene Peuenbury and Horſemon, on the ſouth eſt.Thriſe. From thence alſo & not farre from Yalling it receiueth the Theiſe (a pretye ſtreame that riſeth about Theiſe Hirſt) and afterwarde the Gran or crane,Grane alias Cranus. which hauing hys heade not farre from Cranbrooke, and méeting with ſundry other reuellettes by the way, whereof one braunche of Theiſe is the laſt, (for it parteth at the Twiſt, and inclu|deth a prety Iſlande) doth ioyne with the ſaid Medway, a litle aboue Yalding, & then with the Lowſe. Finally at Maidſtone, it méeteth wyth another brooke, whoſe name I knowe not, and then paſſeth by Allington, Dutton, Newhide, Halling, Cuckeſtane, Rofcheſter, Chattham, Gillingham, Vpchurch, Kingſ|ferry, and falleth into the maine ſea, betwene Shepey and the Grane.

Some ſaye that it is called mydway water becauſe it falleth into the ſea mydway, be|twéene the north foreland and London: yet ſome not hauing anye ſuch conſideration, doe name it the Medow ſtreame, whereof I thought good alſo to leaue this ſhort admoni|tion.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After the Midway whoſe diſcription I haue partely gathered out of the Leland, and part|ly out of Maiſter Lamberts perambulatõ of Kẽt,Sturus. we haue ye Stoure that riſeth at Kingeſ|woode which is fourtéene or fiftéene myles, frõ Canterbury. This riuer paſſeth by Aſhe|forde, Wie, Nackington, Canterbury, For|diſh, Standiſh, and Sturemouth,Nailburne water alſo as I heare about Cant warbiry, but I wote not wherabou [...]. where it receyueth another ryuer, which hath 3. bran|ches, wherof one called Bredge goeth by Bi|ſhips bourne, the other named Wyham, be|ginneth about Adham, and the thirde (name|leſſe) rũneth by Staple to Wingham. After|warde our Stoure or Sture parteth it ſelfe in twaine, and in ſuch wyſe that one arme thereof goeth towarde the North, and is cal|led (when it commeth at the ſea) the North|mouth of Stoure, the other runneth South|eaſt warde vp to Rycheborow & ſo to Sand|wiche, from whence it goeth Northeaſt a|gayne & falleth into the ſea. The iſſue of this latter tract is called the hauen of Sandwiche and peraduenture the ſtreame that commeth downe thither, after the diuiſiõ of the Stoure,Wantſome. may be the ſame, which Beda calleth Want|ſome, but as I cãnot vndo this knot at will, ſo this is certaine, that the Stoure on the one ſide, and peraduenture, the Wantſome on the other parteth & cutteth the Tenet from the maine lande of Kent, wherby it is left for an Iſland and ſo repleniſhed with townes, as I haue notified before, in ye chapter that ſpea|keth of our Iſlandes.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 There are other little Brookes, which fall EEBO page image 29 into the Stoure of which Lelande ſpeaketh, as Fiſhpoole becke, that aryſeth in Stone|hirſtwood and méeteth with it foure myles from Canterbury: an other beginneth at Chiſelet, & goeth into the Stoure gut, which ſometime incloſed Thanet, as Leylande ſaieth, the thirde iſſueth out of the grounde at Northburne (where Eadbert of Kent ſome time paſt held his pallace &) runneth to Sãd|wich hauen, as the ſayde Au [...]thor reporteth, & the fourth called Bridge water that ryſeth by S. Marie Burne church, & méeteth with Canterbury water at Stourmouth: alſo Wyham that ryſeth aboue Wyham, and falleth into Bredge water at Dudmyll, or Wenderton: but ſith they are eyther obſcure or nameleſſe & there to not reſeruing there names till they come at the ſea, I paſſe them ouer as not to be touched here. From hence vnto Douer I finde no ſtreame by reaſon of the Clyffes, that enuironne the ſayde coaſt: howbeit vpon the South ſide of Douer there is a pretie freſh ryuer, whoſe head aryſe [...]h at Erwell, not paſſing foure myles from the ſea,Dour. and of ſome is called Dour, which in the Brittiſhe tongue is a common name for all waters. And thereof alſo it is lykely that the towne and Caſtell of Douer dyd ſometyme take the name.Parentheſis From hence we go towarde the Camber, (omitting paraduenture here and there ſundrye ſmall Créekes, & Beckes, by the way) whereabouts the Rother, a noble riuer falleth into ye ſea.Rother. This Rother hath his head in Suſſex not far from Argas hill néere to Waterden forreſt, and from thence direc|teth his courſe vnto Rotherfield. After this it goeth to Ethlingham or Hitchingham, and ſo forth by Newendon vnto Matthamferry, where it deuided it ſelfe in ſuch wiſe, that one braunche thereof goeth to Appledour (where it méeteth wt the Bily that ryſeth about Bil|ſington) the other by Iden,Bily. ſo that it inclu|deth a fine percell of grounde called Oxney, which in times paſt was reputed as a percell of Suſſex, but now vpon ſome occaſion or o|ther, it is annexed vnto Kent. From hence alſo growing into ſome greatneſſe, it run|neth to Rie, where it méeteth finally with the Becke,Becke. which commeth from Beckley, ſo that the plot wherein Rye ſtandeth, is in ma|ner a Bylande or Peninſula, as experience doth confirme. Lelande and moſt men are of the opinion that this ryuer ſhoulde be called the Limene, Limenus. howbeit in our time it is knowen by none other name, then the Rother or Ap|pledour water, whereof let this ſuffice.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Being thus croſſed ouer to the Weſt ſide of Rye hauen, and in viewing the iſſues that fal into the ſame, I méete firſt of all with a wa|ter that groweth of two brookes, which come downe by one Chanell into the eaſt ſide of the mouth of the ſayde Port. The firſt therefore that falleth into it, deſcendeth from Beckley or thereabouts, as I take it, the next runneth along by Peſemarſh, and ſoone after ioyning withall, they holde on as one, till they fall into the ſame at the Weſterly ſide of Rye. The third ſtreame commeth from the North, and as it mounteth vp not farre from Munfield, ſo it runneth betwéene Seſcamb and Wac|lington neere vnto Bread, taking another rill with all that ryſeth as I heare not very farre from Weſtfield. There is likewyſe a fourth that groweth of two heades, betwéene I [...]lingham and Pet, & going by Winchelſey it meeteth withall about Rye hauen, ſo that Winchelſey ſtandeth enuironned on three partes with water, and the ſtreames of theſe two that I haue laſt rehearſed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The water that falleth into the Ocean, a myle by Southweſt of Haſtinges or thera|bouts, is called Aeſtus or Aſten,Aeſtus. and riſing not farre from Penhirſt, it méeteth with the ſea, as I heare by Eaſt of Hollington.Buluer|hithe. Buluer|hithe is but a créeke as I remember ſerued with no backewater, and ſo I heare of Cod|ding or olde hauen, wherfore I meane not to touche them.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Into Peuenſey hauen diuers waters doe reſort,Peuenſey & of theſe that which entereth into the ſame on the Eaſt ſide ryſeth out from two heades, whereof the moſt eaſterly is called Aſhe, the next vnto it the Burne, and vniting themſelues not farre from Aſheburne,Aſhe Burne. they continue their courſe vnder the name and title of Aſheburne water as I reade. The ſe|conde that commeth thereinto ryſeth alſo of two heades, wherof the one is ſo many miles from Boreham, the other not farre from the Parke eaſt of Hellingſtowne, and both of thẽ cõcurring Southweſt of Hirſtmowſen, they direct their courſe toward Peuẽſey (beneath which they méete wyth an other ryſing at Foyngton) and thence go in one chanell for a myle or more, tyll they fall togither into the Peuenſey hauen.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Cuckmer iſſueth out at ſeuerall pla|ces,Cucom [...] and hereof the more eaſterly braunch cõ|meth from Warbleton ward, the other from Biſhoppes wood, and méeting beneath Hal|ling they runne in one bottome by Micham Arlington, Wellington, olde Frithſtan and ſo into the ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Vnto the water that cõmeth out at New|hauen ſundry Brookes & Riuerettes doe re|ſorte,Iſis nifa|lor. but the chiefe head ryſeth towarde the Weſt ſomewhat betwéene Etchinforde and Shepley as I here. The firſt water therfore EEBO page image 21 that falleth into the ſame on the eaſt ſide, iſ|ſueth out of the grounde about Vertwood, & running from thence by Langhtõ and Ripe, on the Weſt ſide, it falleth into the aforeſayd ryuer beneath Forle and Glyme, or thrée myles lower then Lewys, if the other buttal lyke you not. The next hervnto hath his head in Argas hill, the thirde deſcendeth frõ Aſhe|don forreſt, and ioyning with the laſt mentio|ned, they croſſe the maine ryuer a little be|neath Iſefield. The fourth water commeth from Aſhedon forreſt by Horſted Caines (or Ouſeſtate Caines) and falleth into the ſame, lykewyſe Eaſt of Linfield. Certes I am de|ceyued if this ryuer be not called Iſis, after it is paſt Iſefield. [...]turewell. The fift ryſeth about Stor|uelgate, and méeteth alſo wyth the maine ſtreame aboue Linfield, & theſe are knowen to lye vpon the right hande as we rowed vp the ryuer. On the other ſide are onely two, whereof the firſt hath his originall néere vn|to Wenefield, and holding on his courſe to|warde the Eaſt, it méeteth with his maiſter betwéene Newicke and Iſefield, or Ifield as ſome reade it. The laſt of all commeth from Plimodune or Plumpton, [...]imus. and hauing met in like ſort with the maine riuer about Bar|cham, it runneth forth with it, and the reſt in one chanell by Barcham, Hamſey, Malling, Lewys, Piddingburne, and ſo forth into the maine ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 [...].The next ryuer that we came vnto Weſt of Brighthemſton is the Sore, which not|withſtanding I finde to be called Brember water, in the auncient Mappe of Marton Colledge in Oxforde: but in ſuch ſorte (as I take it) as the Rother is called Appledour ſtreame, bycauſe of the ſayd towne that ſtan|deth therevpon. But to procéede, it is a plea|ſaunt water, and thereto if you conſider the ſcituation of his armes, and braunches from the higher groundes, very much reſembling a fower ſtringed whip. Wherabout the head of this riuer is, or which of theſe braunches may ſafely be called Sora, from the riſing, in good ſooth I can not ſay, for after we had paſ|ſed nyne or tenne myles thereon vp into the lande, ſodainly the croſſe waters ſtopped vs, ſo that we were inforced to turne either eaſt or weſt, for directly forth ryght we had no way to go. The firſt arme on the ryght hand as we went, ryſeth out of a Parke by South of Alborne, and going on for a certayne ſpace toward the Northweſt, it turneth ſouthward betweene Shermonbury and Twinham, and ſoone after méeteth with ye Bymar, not much South from Shermonbury, [...]marus. whence they run togither almoſt two myles, till they fall into the Sore. That on the Weſtſide deſcendeth from about Billingeſhir [...]t, & going towarde the eaſt, it croſſeth wt the [...] (which ryſeth a little by Weſt of Thacam) eaſt from Pul|borow, and ſo they run as one into the Sore, that after this cõfluence haſteth it ſelf ſouth|warde by Brember, Burleis, the Combes, and ere long into the Ocean.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 The Aron (of which beſide Arundel towne the Caſtell and the valey,Arunus. wherin it runneth is called Vallis Aruntina, or Arundale in En|gliſh) is a goodly water and thereto increa|ſed with no ſmall number of excellent & plea|ſaunt brookes. It ſpringeth vp of two heades, whereof one deſcendeth from the North not farre from Gretham, & going by Lis, mée|teth with the next ſtreame, as I geſſe about Dourſford houſe. The ſecond riſeth by Weſt from the hilles that lye towarde the ryſing of the ſunne from Eaſtmaine and runneth by Peterfield. The thirde commeth from Beryton warde and ioyneth with the ſecond betwéene Peterfield and Dourſforde, after which cõfluence they go togither in one cha|nell ſtill toward the Eaſt, (taking a rill with them that commeth betwéene Fernehirſt and S. Lukes Chappell, ſouthweſt of Linche|mere & meting with it Eaſt of Loddeſworth as I doe reade, and lykewyſe ſundrye o|ther in one Chanell beneath Sopham) to Waltham, Bury, Houghton, Stoke, Arun|dell, Tortington forde, Climping (all on the Weſt ſide,) and ſo into the ſea. Hauing thus deſcribed the weſt ſide of Arun, let vs doe the lyke with the other in ſuch ſorte as we beſt may. The firſt riuer that we come vnto ther|fore on the Eaſt ſide, and alſo the ſeconde riſe at ſundry places in S. Leonards forreſt, and ioyning a lyttle aboue Horſham, they mete with the thirde, which commeth from Ifield Parke, not verye farre from Slinfeld. The fourth hath two heads, whereof one ryſeth in Witley Parke, the other by weſt, néere vnto Heſelméere chappell, and méeting by weſt of Dourſfeld, they vnyte themſelues with the chanell, growing by the confluence that I ſpake of beneath Slinfeld, a little aboue Bil|lingeſhirſt. The laſt water commeth from the hilles aboue Lincheméere, and runneth weſt and South, and paſſing betwene Bil|lingſhirſt and Stopham it commeth vnto the channell laſt mencioned, & ſo into the Arun, beneath Stopham, without anye farder in|creaſe, at the leaſt that I doe here of.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Burne hath his iſſue in a Parke,Burne. néere Al|dingburne (or rather a litle aboue ye ſame to|ward the North, as I haue ſince béene infor|med,) and running by the bottomes toward the ſouth, it falleth into the ſea betwéene north Berflete and Fleſham.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 EEBO page image 30 Eryn.Eryn riſeth of ſundry heddes, by eaſt of Erynley and directing his courſe toward the ſunne ryſing, it penniſulateth Seleſey, and falleth into the Ocean betwéene Seleſey towne on the ſouthweſt & Pagham at north weſt.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Delus. Del ſpringeth about Benderton, & thence running betwéene midle Lauaunt and Eaſt Lauaunt, it goeth by weſt of Weſt Hamp|net, by eaſt of Chicheſter, or Weſt of Rum|balde ſoowne, and afterwarde by Fiſhburne, where it méeteth with a ril comming North weſt from Funtingdon (a little beneath the towne) and then running thus in one ſtreame towarde the ſea, it méeteth with another ril|let comming by Northe of Boſham and ſo into Auant gulf by Eaſt of Thorney Iſland.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Racunus.The Racon riſeth by eaſt of Racton or Ra|codunum and cõming by Chidham, it falleth into the ſea, Northeſt of Thorney afore|ſayde.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Emill. The Emill commeth firſt betwéene Racton and Stanſted then downe to Emilſworth or Emmeſworth, and ſo vnto the Ocean, ſepa|rating Suſſex from Hãpſhyre almoſt from the very head.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Hauing in this maner paſſed along the coa|ſtes of Suſſex. The next water that I remẽ|ber, ryſeth by eaſt of the forreſt of Eſtbyry, from whence it goeth by Southwijc, Weſt Burhunt, Farham, and ſo into the gulfe al|moſt full South.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Badunus. forté.Then come we to Bedenham Créeke (ſo called of a village ſtanding thereby,) the mouth whereof lyeth almoſt directly agaynſt Porcheſter Caſtell, which is ſcituate about 3. miles by water from Porteſmouth towne, as Lelande doth report. Then go we with|in halfe a myle farder to Forten Créeke,Forten. which eyther gyueth or taketh name of a vil|lage harde by.Oſterpole. After this we come to Oſter|poole Lake, a great Créeke, which goeth vp by weſt into the land, and lyeth not far from a rounde tower of ſtone, from whence alſo there goeth a chaine, to another Tower on the eaſt ſide directly ouer againſt it, whereby the entraunce of great veſſels into that part maye be at pleaſure reſtrayned.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From hence wée goe further to Tiche|feld water, that riſeth about Eſtmaine park, ten or twelue myles by northeaſt or there a|bout from Tichfeld.Tichefield. From Eſtmaine it go|eth (parting the forreſtes of Waltham, and Eaſtbery by the waye) to Wicham or Wi|comb, a prety market towne and large tho|rowfare, where alſo the water ſeperateth it ſelfe into two armelettes, and goyng vnder two bridges of woode, commeth ere long a|gayne vnto one Chanell. From hence it go|eth thrée or foure myles farder, to a bridge of tymber by Maiſter Writhoſeleyes houſe, (leauing Tichfelde towne on the right ſide) & a little beneath runneth vnder Ware bridg whether the ſea floweth as hir natural courſe inforceth. Finally within a mile of this bridge it goeth into the water of Hampton hauen, wherunto diuers ſtreames reſort as you ſhal heare hereafter.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 After this we come to Hamble hauen,Hamelr [...] or Hamelriſh créeke, whoſe fall is betwéene S. Andrewes caſtell, and Hoke. It riſeth about Shidford in waltham forreſt, and when it is paſt Croke bridge, it méeteth with another brooke, which riſeth not farre frõ Biſhoppes Waltham, out of ſundry ſpringes in the high way, to Wincheſter, from whence it paſſeth as I ſayde by Biſhoppes Waltham, then to Budeley or Botley, and ſo ioyning with the Hamble, they runne togither by Prowlingſ|worth, Vpton, Bruſill, Hamble towne, and ſo into the ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Now come we to the hauẽ of ſouth Hamp|ton,South|hampton which I will briefely deſcribe ſo neare as I can poſſibly. The bredth or entry of the mouth herof, as I take it, is by eſtimatiõ two miles from ſhore to ſhore. At the weſt poynt therof alſo is a ſtrong caſtell lately builded which is rightly named Caldſhore, but now Cawſhot, I wote not by what occaſion. On ye eaſt ſide thereof alſo, is a place called Hoke (afore mẽtioned) or Hamell hoke, wherin are not aboue thrée or foure fiſhers houſes, not worthy to be remembred. This hauen ſhoo|teth vp on the weſt ſide by the ſpace of ſeauen miles, vntill it come to Hamptõ towne, ſtan|ding on the other ſide, where it is by eſtima|tion a mile from lande to lande. Thence it goeth vp further about thrée myles to Red|bridge ſtill ebbing and flowing thither, and one myle farther, ſo farre as my memorye doeth ſerue mée. Nowe it reſteth that I de|ſcribe the Alreſforde ſtreame, which I will procéede withall in this order following.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Alreſforde beginneth of diuers faire ſprings, about a mile or more fro Alreſford,Alreſford or Alforde as it is now called, & ſoone after re|ſorting to one bottome, they become a brode lake, which for the moſt part is called Alford pond. Afterwarde returning againe to a nar|rowe chanell, it goeth thorow a ſtone bridge at the ende of Alforde towne, (leauing the towne it ſelfe on the left hand) toward Hicth|ingſtocke thrée myles of, but ere it commeth there, it receiueth two rylles in one bottome, wherof one commeth frõ the Forreſt in ma|ner at hande, and by northweſt of olde Alreſ|forde, the other from Browne Candiuer, that goeth by Northenton, Swarewetton, Aber|ſtone. EEBO page image 22 [...].

Compare 1587 edition: 1 On the other ſide of Southampton, there reſ [...]teth into this hauen alſo, both the T [...]ſts and the Stockebridge water in one bottome, [...]tocke. whereof I finde thys large deſcription inſu|ing.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 The very head of the Stocke water, is ſup|poſed to bée ſomewhere about Baſ [...]ngſtoke, or Church Hackley, and going from the [...] betwene Ouerton & Steuenton, it commeth at laſt by Lauerſtocke and Whitchurch, and ſoone after receyuing a brooke, by Northweſt called the Bourne (diſcending from S. Mary Bourne, [...]ourne. ſoutheaſt from Horſeburne) it pro|céedeth by Long paroch, and the Woodde till it méete with the Cranburne, on the eaſt ſide (a prety riueret ryſing about Michelney and going by Fullington, Barton, and to Cram|burne) thence to Horwell in one bottome, be|neth which it méeteth with the Andeuer wa|ter, that is increaſed ere it come there by an|other brooke, whoſe name I doe not knowe. This Andeuer ſtreame, ryſeth in Culhãſhire forreſt, not far by north from Andeuer towne & going to vpper Clatford, are it touch there it receyueth the Rill of which I ſpake before, which ryſing alſo néere vnto An [...]ort, goeth to Monketon, to Abbateſham, the Audeuer, and both as I ſaid vnto the Teſt beneth Horwel, whereof I ſpake euen nowe. Theſe ſtreames being thus brought into one botom it runeth toward the South, vnder ſtockbridge, & ſoone after diuiding it ſelfe in twayne, one braunch thereof goeth by Houghton, & a litle beneath méeteth wyth a Ryll, that commeth from by Weſt of S. Annes hyll, and goeth by Eaſt of vpper Wallop, Weſt of nether Wallop, by Bucholt Forreſt, Broughton, and called as [...].

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The next riuer that runneth into this [...] ſpringeth in the new Forreſt, and commeth there into about Eling, not paſſing one mile,Eling. by weſt of the fall of Teſt. From hence caſt|ing about againe into the maine ſea, and lea|uing Calde ſhore Caſtle on the ryght hande, wée dyrected our courſe towarde the South|weſt, vnto B [...]aulieu hauen wherinto the Mi|n [...]y deſcepdeth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The Miney ryſeth not farre from Miney,Miney. ſtéede [...] Village in the north part of the newe Forreſt, and going by Beaulie [...], it falleth in|to the ſea, ſouthweſt, as I take it of Erbu [...]y, a Village ſtanding vpon the ſhore.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Beyng paſt the Miney,Limen. wee croſſed the Li|men, whoſe heade is in the very heart of the newe Forreſt, and running South weſt of Lindhyrſt and the Parke, it goeth [...] Eaſt of Brokenhirſt Weſt of Bulder, and finally into the Sea South and by Eaſt of Leming|ton.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The next fall that we paſſed by is name|leſſe, except it be called Bure,Bure. & as it deſcen|deth from the newe Forreſt, ſo the next vnto it [...]ight Mile, as I haue hearde in Engliſhe.Milis. Certes the head thereof, is alſo in the ſouth|weſt part of the ſaid Forreſt, and the fall not far from Milforde bridge, beyonde the which I find a narrow going or ſtricktland leading from the poynte to Hirſt Caſtle, which ſtan|deth into the Sea, as if it hung by a thred frõ the mayne of the Iſlande, ready to be waſhed away, by the continuall and dayly beating of the waues.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The next riuer that we came vnto of any name is the Auon, which ryſeth by northeaſt,Auon. and not far from Woolfe hall, in Wil [...]ſhire. The firſt notable bridge that it rũneth vnto EEBO page image 31 is at Vphauen, thence foure myles farder, it goeth to little Ambreſbury, and there is ano|ther bridge, from thẽce to Woodfo [...]d village, ſtanding at the right hand [...]an [...], and Newtõ v [...]age on the left. The Biſhops of Saru [...] had a proper Manour place at Woodforde, which Biſhoppe [...]harton pulled downe altogither, bicauſe it was ſomewhat in ſinne. T [...] it goeth to Fiſheeto [...]ridge, to Cranebridge [...] Saliſbury, new Saliſbury, & finally to Ha [...]|ha [...], which is a [...]ately bridge of ſtone, of ſ [...]xe arches at the leaſt. There is at the weſt ende of the ſayde bridge, a little Iſland, that lyeth betwixt this and another bridge, of feare pre|ty arches, and vnder this latter runeth a good round ſtreame, which as I take it, is a brãch of Auon, that breaketh out a little aboue, and ſoone after it reuniteth it ſelfe agayne: or elſe that Wilton water hath there his entry into the Auon, which I cannot yet determine. Frõ Harneham bridge it goeth to Dounton, that is about foure miles, and ſo much in like ſort from thence to Fording bridge, to Kingwood bridge fiue miles, to Chriſtes church Twin|ham fiue myles, and ſtrayght into the ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Poole.The next fall that we come vnto is Poole, from whoſe mouth vpon the ſhore, by South weſt in a bay of thrée miles of, is a poore fiſh|er towne, called Sandwiche, where we ſawe a péere and a little freſh brooke. The very vt|ter part of ſaint Adelmes poynt, is fiue miles from Sandwich. In another bay lyeth weſt Lylleworth, where as I heare is ſome proſt|table herborow for ſhips. The towne of Poole is from W [...]burne about foure miles, and it ſtandeth almoſt as an Iſle in the hauen. The hauen it ſelfe alſo if a man ſhoulde meaſure it by the circuite, wa [...]eth little of twenty mile, as I did gueſſe by the view.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 way. Waiemouth, or as ſome doe call it Wyle|mouth, is coũted twenty meles from Poole, & ye head of this riuer riſeth not full foure miles aboue the hauen, by northweſt at Vp [...]l in the ſide of a great [...]ill. There is a little barre of ſande at the hauen mouth, & a great arme of ye ſea runneth vp by the right hand, and ſcant a mile aboue the hauen mouth on the ſhore, is a right goodly and warlike caſtle made, which hath one open barbicane. This arme rũneth vp alſo farder by a myle as in a baye, to a point of land wher a paſſage is into Portlãd, by a little courſe of pibble ſande. It goeth vp alſo from the ſayd paſſage vnto Abbateſbiry about ſeuen miles of, where a little ſreſhe rõ|dell reſorteth to the ſea. And ſomwhat aboue this,Cheſill. is the head or point of the Cheſill lying northweſt, which ſtretcheth vp from thẽce a|bout ſeuẽ miles, as a maine narrow bank, by a right line vnto the ſoutheſt, and there abut| [...] [...] But to procéede wyth our pu [...]poſe. Into the mouth of this riuer doe ſhips often [...] for ſuccour, & being paſt the ſame, we meete with ye fal of a water néere to [...]. Catherin [...] chapple as we ſailed by ye Shingle, which came down frõ Litton by Chilcomb, and thence we went to Bruteport water that ariſeth halfe a mile or more aboue Bemiſter, from whence it go|eth to Parnham, N [...]therbury, Welplaſh, & ſo to Bruteport, & afterwarde into ye ſea, taking in ſundry waters wt al by the way, wherof in my next treatiſe God willing I meane as of diuers other to make a particuler rehearſall. Leuing the Brudeport, we paſſed by Stant [...] Gabriell, & beholding Charemouth Bea [...]on a far of, we [...] our courſe toward ye ſame, but ere we came there, we behelde the fall of Chare, which is a pretye water. [...] It ryſeth a|bout thrée miles aboue Charemouth by north in a parke of the kinges called Marſhewood. Next vnto this is the Buddle,Buddle which cõmeth about thrée miles by north of Lyme from the hilles, fléeting vpon rocky ſoyle, and ſo falleth into the ſea.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Beyond this is the Axe whoſe iſſue at thys preſent is harde vnder the rootes of Winter chifes,Axe. and the poyntes thereof beyng almoſt a myle in ſunder, the moſt weſterlye of them called Berewood, lyeth within halfe a mile of Seton, but the other toward the eaſt, is called White [...]liffe, wherof I haue ſpoken already. This riuer riſeth a mile northeſt frõ Bemi|ſter a market Towne, in Dorſet ſhyre, at a place called Axe knoll, (longing to Sir Giles Strangwaies) in a moore hanging on the ſide of an hill. And from thence it runneth to the ruines of an old Abbay called Fordes, about foure or fiue miles from thence, (where it ſée|meth to bée a particion betwéene Sommer|ſetſhyre and Deuon) then vnto Axe Minſter in Deuonſhyre, and ſo thorowe the Towne it ſelfe, wherein a great ſlaughter was made EEBO page image 23 of Danes in Athelſtanes tyme, at Bruneſdon fielde or rather Brunnedon as I read, and whereof I finde thys annotation, in an olde French Chronicle.

Compare 1587 edition: 1

In the time of Athelſtane, ye greateſt Nauie that euer aduentured into thys Iſlande, arri|ued at Seton in Deuonſhyre, beyng repleni|ſhed with Aliens that ſought the conqueſt of this Iſland, but Athelſtane mette & encoũ|tred with them in the fielde, where he ouer|threwe 6000. of his aforeſayde enimyes. Not one of them alſo that remayned alyue, eſcaped from the battell wythout ſome dead|lye or very grieuous wound. In this conflicte moreouer were flaine fiue kings, which were enterred in the Church yard of Axe minſter, and of the part of the king of Englande were kylled eyght Earles of the chiefe of hys no|bilitye, and they alſo buryed in the Church|yarde aforeſayde. Hereunto it addeth howe the Byſhop of Shyreburne was in like ſort ſlaine in thys battell, that began at Brune|dune néere to Colyton, and indured euen to Axe minſter, which then was called Brun|bery or Brunburg. The ſame day that this thyng happened the ſunne loſt hys light, and ſo continued without any bryghtneſſe, vntyll the ſetting of that Planet, though otherwyſe the ſeaſon was cléere and nothing clowdye.
But to procéede after our riuer hath paſſed thorow Axeminſter towne, it goeth to ye bridg thereby (where ſone after it receiueth the the Artey, [...]tey. ſometyme a raging water) and fi|nally to Axe mouth Towne, frõ whence after it hath as it were played it ſelfe, in the plea|ſant botomes, by the ſpace of a quarter of a myle, it goeth vnder White cliffe and ſo into the ſea, where it is called Axebaye, and thus is that ryuer deſcribed.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 As for the hauen which in times paſt as I haue hearde, [...]idde. hath béene at Sidmouth (ſo cal|led of Sidde a [...]yllet that runeth therto) and likewyſe at Seton. I paſſe it ouer, ſith nowe there is none at al. [...]eton. Yet hath there bene ſome|tyme a notable one, albeit that at this preſent betwene the two poyntes of the olde hauen, there lyeth a mightie barre of pibble ſtones, in the verye mouth of it, and the ryuer Axe is driuẽ to the very eaſt point of ye hauẽ called White clyffe. Therat alſo a very little gull goeth into the ſea, whether ſmall fiſherbotes doe oft reſort for ſuccour. The men of Seton beganne of late to ſtake and make a maine wall within the hauen to haue chaunged the courſe of the Axe, and (almoſt in the myd|dle of the old hauen) to haue trenched thorow the Cheſill, therby to haue let out the Axe, & to haue taken in the maine ſea, but I here of none effect that this attempt dyd come vnto.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 From Seton weſtwarde lyeth Colyton,Coly. about two myles by weſt Northweſt, where|of ryſeth the ryuer Coly, which goyng [...] the aforeſaide towne, paſſeth by Colecomb parke, and afterwarde falleth betwéene Axe brydge and Axe mouth towne into the Axe riuer.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Leauing the Coly we come ſoone after to Ottery hauen,Otterey. whoſe heade riſeth at Ottery fiue myles aboue Mohuns Ottery or Ottery Flemming flat North. From hence it goeth to Vpoter, Mohuns Ottery, Hunitõ, Veniton bridge, S. Mary Otterey, Newton bridge Ottermouth and ſo into the ſea. On the weſt ſide of this hauen is Budeley almoſt directly againſt Otterton. It is eaſie to be ſeene alſo, that within leſſe then. 100. yeares, ſhips did vſe this hauẽ, but now it is barred vp. Some call it Budeley hauen of Budeley towne, o|ther Salterne port, of a little creke comming out of the mayne hauen vnto Salterne vil|lage, that hath in time paſt béene a towne of greater eſtimation.

From Otterey mouth we ſailed vp to Ex|mouth ſo called of the riuer Exe,Ex. which moũ|teth in Exmore, at a place called Execroſſe th [...]ée myles by Northeaſt, and from thence goeth by Exford where it is a rill or ſmall water: then to Tiuerton twelue miles from the head, thence to Therberton Cowley,Simmĩg [...] Bath. and next of al to Exceſter receauing in the meane time the Simõs bath water, which riſeth by Northweſt of Simons bath bridge (fower myles from Exford:) and is in Sommer time ſo ſhalowe that a man maye eaſily paſſe ouer it, but in winter it rageth oft, and is very déepe and daungerous.Kenton. As touching the hauen alſo I remember well that there lieth vpon the very Weſt point of the ſame a barren ſande and in the Weſt North|weſt goeth a little creke a mile or thereabout into the land which ſome call Kentõ creke. I haue herd that the Burgeſes of Exceſter in|deuoured to make the hauen to come vp to Exceſter it ſelfe, but whether they brought it to paſſe or no as yet I doe not know, this is certaine that in times paſt the ſhippes came vp no nearer then Apſham, which is a prety townelet on the ſhore fower myles vpper in|to the hauen.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Beyonde Exceſter hauen mouth 4.Teigne. myles or there about I came to the Teigne mouth which ebbeth and floweth ſo farre as New|ton. The head of this riuer is 20. myles from the ſea, and it riſeth in Dartmore at a place by northweſt called Teigne head. Frõ hence alſo it goeth to Iagford bridge, Clifford bridg Bridford bridge, Chidley bridge,Leman. Teigne bridge, Newton buſhelles, beneath which [...] it EEBO page image 32 receaueth the Leman water, and alſo Aller brooke,Allet. which riſeth thrée miles of, as Leland hath ſet down, who writeth moreouer of this hauen in ſort as followeth. The very vtter weſt point of the land, at ye mouth of Teigne is called the Neſſe, and is a very high redde cliffe. The eaſt part of the hauen is named the poles, a lowe ſandie grounde eyther caſt vp by the ſpuing of the ſand out of ye Teigne, or elſe throwen vp from the ſhore by the rage of winde and water. This ſande occupyeth now a great quantitie of the ground betwene the hauen where the ſand riſeth, and Teigne mouth towne, which towne ſurnamed Regis, hath in time paſt béene ſore defaced by the Danes, and of late time by the Frenche.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Tor. From Teigne mouth we came to Tor bay, wherof the weſt point is called Byry, and the eaſt Perritory, betwene which is litle aboue foure miles. From Torre baie alſo to Dart|mouth is ſixe myles where (ſayth Leland) I marked diuers thinges. Firſt of all vpon the eaſt ſide of the hauen a great hilly point, cal|led Downeſend & betwixt Downeſende, and a pointlet named Wereford, is a litle baye. Were it ſelfe in like ſorte is not full a myle from Downeſend vpwarde into the hauen.Were. Kingeſwere towne ſtandeth out as another pointlet, and betwixt it & Wereford is the ſe|cond bay. Somwhat moreouer aboue Kingeſ|were towne goeth a litle Creke vp into the land from the maine ſtreame of the hauen called water head,Water hed & this is a very fitte place for veſſells to be made in. In like ſort half a mile beyond this into ye land ward, goeth ano|ther longer creeke,Neſſe creke. Gaunſton & aboue that alſo a greater thẽ either of theſe called Gawnſtõ, whoſe hed is here not half a mile frõ ye maine ſea, by the compaſſing thereof as it runneth in Tor bay.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The riuer of Dart, commeth out of Dart|more fiftene miles aboue Totneſſe,Dart or Darmour. in a very large plot, and ſuch another wild moriſh and forreſtye grounde as Exmore is. Of it ſelfe moreouer this water is very ſwift, & thorow occaſion of Tinworkes whereby it paſſeth, it carieth much ſand to Totneſſe bridge, and ſo choketh the depth of the riuer downeward, that the hauen it ſelfe is almoſt ſpoiled by the ſame. The mariners of Dartmouth accompt this to be about a kenning frõ Plimmouth. In the valley alſo betwéene Corneworthy & Aſhepremptõ,Humber|ton. runneth a brooke called Hum|berton or Herburne. This water commeth out of a Welſpring, & ſo running about two myles, it paſſeth thorow a ſtone bridge called Roſt, two myles from Totneſſe. Frõ thence moreouer, after it hath gone other two miles it commeth to Bow bridge, and there falleth into a ſaltwater créeke, which gathereth in|to the lande out of the hauen of Dartmouth. This créeke at the head breaketh for a little way into two armes, whereof the one goeth vp to Bow bridge, and receyueth Humber|ton water (as I ſaide) ye other toward Corne|worthy frõ whence vnto Dartmouth, is a|bout foure myles. Finally about halfe a mile aboue Dartmouth towne,Olde [...] creke. there is another Créeke going out of the maine ſtreame cal|led Olde mill créeke, ſo ſarre as I can learne by the rumor of the countrey.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 About ſeuen myles by weſt ſouthweſt frõ Dartmouth lyeth Saltcomb hauen,Sal [...] ſome|what barred: & not much aboue the heade of it is Arme hauen, the backewater whereof commeth vnder Yuy & Armington bridges,Arme. and ſo vnto the ſea at this place, which is full of flattes and rockes, ſo that no ſhippe com|meth thither in any tempeſt, except it be for|ced thereto, thorowe the vttermoſt extremitie and deſperate hazarde of the fearefull mari|ners. King Phillip of Caſtile loſt two ſhippes here in the dayes of king Henry the ſeuenth, when he was dryuen to lande in the Weſt coũtrey by rage of weather. Vnto Armouth alſo commeth the Awne water,Awne. after it hath paſſed by Eaſt Brenton and Gare bridges, and not farre from the fall of this, lyeth the Yawlme mouth ſo called of a ryuer whych cõmeth thither frõ Le bridg to Yalme bridg,Yalme. & falleth into the ſea, about 4. miles by ſouth eaſt, frõ the maine ſtreame of Plimmouth.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 Being come to the Plimmoth,Plim. I finde that the mouth of the goulfe wherin the ſhips of this towne doe ride, is walled on eche ſide and chained ouer in ye time of neceſſitie. On ye ſouth ſide of the hauẽ alſo is a blockhouſe vpõ a rocky hill, & vpõ the eaſt ſide of this & Tha|mar hauen, lyeth the Mill baye creke,Milbaye creke. Stone houſe creke. Caine creke. Shilſt [...] Budo [...] Tam [...]|taue. Torrey Taue. ye ſtone creke, Caine Créeke, Shilſtõ créeke (which is two myles of length and wheron ſtandeth a Mill) Buddocks créeke, and laſt of al, Ta|mertaue créeke, ſo called bycauſe of the con|courſe of the Taue & Tamar waters there. Torrey brooke falleth lykewyſe into Plym, but wher aboutes as now, I haue forgotten. Finally vpon the weſt ſide of the hauen, is a notable créeke alſo entering into the lande a myle or more from the hauen, which being viewed, I went and behelde Thamar hauen on the weſt ſide wherof, I noted theſe crekes.

Firſt of all about two myles aboue Aſhe I ſawe the principall arme of Thamar it ſelfe.Tham [...] Certes it riſeth about thrée myles by North|eaſt from Hartland, & goeth vp into the land about tenne myles from that place: thence it haſteth to Calſtock bridge, whether it almoſt continually ebbeth and floweth, verye great veſſels cõming likewyſe within a mike ther|of EEBO page image 24 vnto Morleham, which is not aboue thrée myles from Tauiſtocke as I reade. Betwixt Thamar ſtreame, [...]. and Aſhe: I marked farder more ſayeth Lelande other thrée créekes alſo deſcending, which brake vp into the lande, whereof the firſt lyeth by Northweſt, the ſe|conde weſt northweſt, the thirde plaine weſt, entering into the country aboue half a mile, and ſcarſely a myle lower, I peruſed in like maner the Liuer créeke, [...]. that goeth vp to S. Germains ward. This créeke lyeth 3. myles from the maine ſtreame of Thamar hauen, and riſing in an hill aboue Launſton, it goeth thorow the towne within the walles. In the botome alſo of the Suburbe, is an other na|med Aterey, [...]erey. which ryſeth aleuen myles of by weſt towarde Bodmin, wherinto runneth a Rill comming thorow a wood before it ma|keth a confluens with the firſt, in deſcending towarde the hauen.Iohns S. An| [...]ies Then breaketh in an o|ther créeke called S. Iohns, or S. Anthonies Rode, and at the very mouth about S. Ni|cholas Iſle falleth in the laſt, which goeth vp to Milbrooke, two myles into the lande from the maine hauen. From hence we ſayled far|der towarde the weſt (leauing ſalt Aſhe and Seton rillets) and came to the mouth of a riuer called Low, [...] wherein Samons are of|ten founde, & yet is it drie commonly at halfe ebbe. On eche ſyde of the entrye thereof ſtandeth alſo a towne, whereof the one is cal|led eaſt Low the other weſt Low, and this is a pretie market towne. A bridge finally of twelue arches doth leade from the one to the other.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 The next fall after we be paſt one little nameleſſe créeke, that lyeth by the waye, is Poulpyr water, [...]lpyr. whereinto commeth a little brooke. [...]. Then méete we with Fawey hauen, whoſe riuer ryſeth at Fawy Moore (about two myles from Camilforde by South, and ſixetene miles from Fawy towne) in a very quaue mire on the ſide of an Hill. Frõ hence it goeth to Drameſbridge, to Clobhã bridge, Lergen bridge, New bridge, Reſprin bridge, and Loſtwithiell bridge, where it méeteth with a little brooke, and néere thereunto par|teth it ſelfe in twaine. Of theſe two armes therefore one goeth to a bridge of ſtone, the other to another of timber, & ſoone after ioy|ning againe, the maine riuer goeth to Saint Gwinnowes, from thẽce alſo the point of S. Gwinnowes wood, which is about half a mile from thence, except my memorie doe fayle me. Here goeth in a Salt créeke halfe a mile on the eaſt ſide of the hauen, and at the heade of it, [...]rinus. is a bridge called Lerine bridge. The créeke it ſelf in like maner bearing the ſame denomination. From Lerine créeke, to S. Caracs pill, or créeke,In ye myd|dle of this creke was a cell of S. Cyret in an Iſlet longing ſometime to Moun|tegew a priory. is about halfe a mile and Lower on the eaſt ſide of the ſayd hauen it goeth vp alſo not aboue a mile & an half [...] to the lande. From Caracs créeke to Poul|morland a myle, and this likewiſe goeth vp ſeant a quarter of a mile into the land, yet at the heade it parteth it ſelfe in twaine. From Poulmoreland to Bodnecke village halfe a mile where the paſſage and repaſſage is com|monly to Fawey. From Bodnecke to Pe|lene point (where a créeke goeth vp not fully 1000. paces into the lande) a mile, thence to Poulruan, a quarter of a mile, and at this Poulruan is a tower of force, marching a|gain ye tower on Fawey ſide, betwene which, as I doe here, a chaine hath ſome times bene ſtretched, & likely inough for the hauẽ there is hardly two bowſhotte ouer. The very point of lande at the eaſt ſide of the mouth of this Hauen, is called Pontus croſſe, but nowe Panuche croſſe. It ſhal not be amiſſe in this place ſomewhat to intreate of the towne of Fawy,Cõwhath. which is called in Corniſh Cõwhath and being ſcituate on the Northſide of the ha|uen, is ſet hanging on a maine rocky hill be|ing in length about one quarter of a mile, ex|cept my memory deceyue me.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 The renowne of Fawy roſe by ye wars vn|der King Edward ye firſt, Edward the third, & Henry the fifth, partly by feates of armes & partly by plaine pyracy. Finally ye towneſmẽ féeling themſelues ſomewhat at eaſe & ſtrong in their purſes, they fell to marchandize, and ſo they proſpered in this their newe deuiſe, that as they traueiled into al places, ſo mar|chauntes from all countries made reſort to them, whereby within a while they grew to be exceeding riche. The ſhippes of Fawy ſat|ling on a time by Rhy and Winchelſey in ye time of king Edward the third, refuſed ſtout|ly to vale any bonet there, although warning was giuen them ſo to do by the Portgrenes or rules of thoſe townes. Herevpon the Rie and Winchelſie men, made out vppon them with cut and long taile: but ſo hardly were they intertained by the Fawy Pyrates (I ſhould ſaie aduenturers) that they were dri|uen home againe with no ſmall loſſe and hin|deraunce. Such fauour found the Fawy men alſo immediately vpon this bickering, that in token of their victory ouer their winching ad|uerſaries, and riding Ripiers, as they called them in mockery, they altered their armes and compounded for newe, wherein the ſcut|chion of Rie and Winchelſey is quartered, with theirs & beſide this ye Foiens were cal|led the gallantes of Fawy,Gallantes of Fey or Fawy. whereof they not a litle reioyced, and more peraduenture then for ſome greater booty. And thus much of EEBO page image 33 Fawy towne wherin we ſée what great ſuc|ceſſe often commeth of witteleſſe and raſhe aduẽtures. But to returne againe to our pur+poſe from whence we haue digreſſed and as hauing ſome deſire to finiſhe vp this our voy|age, we wil leaue the Fawm [...]uth and go for|ward on our iourney. Being therefore paſte this hauen, we come to Pennarth which is 2. myles by weſt therof, and ſcituate on the eaſt ſide of Trewardith Baie, called by Leland Arctoum or Vrctoũ Promontoriũ except his writings do deceiue me. Frõ hence we came to the blacke head, then to Pentoren a myle farder, and here iſſueth ont a pretye ryuer that commeth by Saint Auſtelles,Auſtell brooke. about two myles and an halfe from thence, which run|neth vnder Auſtell bridge & vnder the Weſt ſide of the hill whereon the poore towne of S. Auſtelles ſtãdeth. Thence we ſailed to Chap|pell land, then to Dudman, to Pennare, and Sainct Antonies point, which is thrée myles from Pennar point, where we make our en|trance into the Falamouth hauen, whoſe de|ſcription I borowe of Leland and worde for worde will here inſert the ſame.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 Fala. The very point (ſaith he) of the hauẽ mouth (being an hill whereon the Kyng hath buyl|ded a caſtell) is called Pendinant. It is about a myle in compaſſe, almoſt enuironned with the ſea, and where the ſea couereth not, the ground is ſo low that it were a ſmall maſtry to make Pendinant an Iland. Furthermore there lieth a cape or foreland within the hauẽ a myle and an halfe, and betwixt this and M. Killigrewes houſe, one great arme of the hauen rũneth vp to Penrine towne, which is 3. miles from the very entry of Falemouth hauen, and two good myles from Penfuſis. Moreouer there is Leuine Priſ [...]lo betwixte S. Budocus and Pendinas,Leume. which were a good hauen but for the barre of ſande, but to procéede. The firſt creke or arme that caſteth on the Northweſt ſide of Falemouth hauen goeth vp to Perin, and at thende it breaketh into two armes, whereof the leſſe runneth to Glaſenith 1. viridis ind, ye grene neſt, or wag|meer at Penrin: the other to ſaint Glunias the pariſhe Church of Penrine. In like ſorte out of eche ſide of Penrine creke, breaketh an arme or euer it come to Penrine. This I vn|derſtande alſo that ſtakes and foundations of ſtone haue béene ſet in the creke at Penrine a litle lower then the wharfe where it brea|keth into armes: but howſoeuer this ſtandeth betwixte the point of Trefuſis and the point of Reſtronget is Mil [...]r creke,Milor. which goeth vp a myle into the land and by the churche is a good rode for ſhippes. The nexte creke be|yonde the point of Reſtronget wood is called Reſtronget which goyng two myles vp into the maine breaketh into two armes.Reſtron|get. In lyke order betwixte Reſtronget and the creke of Trury be two crekes one called S. Feokes,S. [...] S. [...] Trury creke. the other Sainct Caie, nexte vnto which is Trury creke that goeth vp about two myles crekyng from the principall ſtreame, & brea|keth within half a myle of Trury, caſting in a braunche Weſtward euen harde by New|ham wood. This creke of Trury is deuided into two partes before the towne of Trury, and eche of them hauing a brooke comming downe and a bridge, the towne of Trury ſtandeth betwixte them both. In like ſorte Kenwen ſtreate is ſeuered frõ the ſaid towne with this arme, and Clements ſtréete by eaſt with the other. Out of the body alſo of Trury creke breaketh another eaſtwarde a myle from Trury, and goeth vp a myle and an halfe to Treſilian bridge of ſtone. At the very entry and mouth of this creke is a rode of ſhippes called Maples rode and here faught not long ſince. 18. ſhippes of Spaniſhe mar|chauntes with 4. ſhippes of warre of Depe, but the Spanierdes draue the Frenchemen all into this harborowe. A myle and an halfe aboue the mouth of Trury creke,Mor [...] is another named Lhan Moran of S. Morans church at hãd. This creke goeth vp a quarter of a mile from the maine ſtreame into the hauen, as the maine ſtreame goeth vp two myles a|boue Moran creke ebbing and flowing: and a quarter of a myle higher is the towne of Tre|gowy where we found a bridge of ſtone vpon the Fala ryuer. Fala it ſelfe riſeth a myle or more weſt of Roche hyll & goeth by Graund pount where I ſawe a bridge of ſtone.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 3 This Graund pount is four miles frõ Roche hill and two litle myles from Tregowy, be|twixt which the Fala taketh his courſe. Frõ Tregowy to paſſe downe by the body of the hauen of Falamouth to the mouth of Lany horne pill or creke, on the ſouth ſide of the ha|uen is a myle, and as I remember it goeth vp halfe a myle from the principall ſtreame of the hauen. From Lanyhorne pill alſo is a place or point of ſande about a myle way of 40. acres or thereabout (as a Peninſula) cal|led Ardeue rauter. As for the water or creke that rũneth into the ſouth ſoutheaſt part, it is but a little thing of halfe a myle vp into the land, and the creke that hemmeth in this Pe|ninſula, of both doth ſéeme to be the greater. From the mouth of the Weſt creke of this Peninſula, to S. Iuſtes creke is foure miles or more.S. [...] S. [...] In like maner from S. Iuſtes pill or creke (for both ſignifie one thing) to Sainct Mawes creke is a myle and a halfe, and the point betwéen them both is called Pendinas. EEBO page image 33 EEBO page image 34 EEBO page image 25 The creke of Saint Mawes goeth vp a two myles by eaſt northeaſt into the land, and be|ſides that it eddeth and [...]oweth ſo far, there is a mylle driuen with a freſhe creke that re|ſorteth to the ſame. Halfe a mile from the head of this downewarde to the hauen, is a creke in manner of a poole, whereon is a myll alſo that grindeth with the tyde. And a myle beneath that on the ſouth ſide entreth a creke (about halfe a myle into the countrey) which is barred from the maine ſea by a ſmall ſan|dye banke, and another myle yet lower, is a another litle crekelet: but howe ſoeuer theſe crekes doe runne, certaine it is that ye bankes of them that belong to Fala are marueilouſ|ly well woodded, and hitherto Leland, whoſe wordes I dare not alter for feare of corrup|tion and alteration of his iudgement. Being paſt Falmouth hauen, therfore (as it were a quarter of a myle beyonde Arwennach Ma|ſter Killegrewes place which ſtandeth on the brimme or ſhore within Falmouth) we came to a litle hauen which ranne vp betwéene two hilles, but it was barred, wherefore we could not learne whether it were ſerued with any backe freſhe water or not. From hence we went by Polwitherall creke (parted into two armes) then to ye Polpenrith wherevnto a re|ueret falleth that riſeth not farre from thẽce, [...]withe| [...] [...]pen| [...] and ſo goeth to the maine ſtreame of ye hauen at the laſt, whether the creke reſorteth about thrée myles and more from the mouth of the hauen, [...]. [...]gun. [...]keſtel. [...]o [...]s. [...]ylow. [...]ng. and into which the water that goeth vnder Gare and Mogun bridges, doe fall in one botome as Lelande hath reported. Vnto this hauen alſo repayreth the Penkeſtell, the Callous ye Cheilow, & the Gilling, although this latter lyeth againſt Saint Mawnons on the hether ſide hard without the hauen mouth if I haue done aright. For ſo motheatẽ, moul|dye, and rotten are thoſe bookes of Leland which I haue, and beſide that, his annotatiõs are ſuch and ſo confounded as no man can in maner picke out any ſence from them by a leafe together, wherfore I thinke that he diſ|perſed & made his notes intricate of ſet pur|poſe, or elſe he was loth that any man ſhould eaſily come by that knowledge by readyng, which he with his great charge and no leſſe traueile attained vnto by experience.

Compare 1587 edition: 1 2 [...]le. Lopole is two myles in length, and betwixt it and the maine Ocean is but a barre of ſand that ones in thrée or foure yeares, what by weight of the freſhe water and working of the Sea breaketh out, at which time it ma|keth a woonderfull noyſe, but ſoone after the mouth of it is barred vp againe. At all other times the ſuperfluity of the water of Lopole (which is full of Trout and Ele) draineth out thorow the ſandy barre litle the open Sea: Certes if this barre coulde alwayes be kept open, it would make a goodly hauen, vp vnto Hayleſton towne, where coynage of time is alſo vſed, as at Trucy and Lo [...]withlell, for the Quéenes aduauntage. From this place I doe not remember that I founde any more falles or hauens, tyll we paſſed rounde about the cape, and came vnto the Haile,Heile. which is a pretye riuer, riſing from foure principall heds or brokes, wherof one ſpringeth by ſouth another by ſouthweſt, the thirde by ſoutheaſt,Sper [...]. Crantock. Rialton. and the fourth by Northeaſt. Alſo we ſaw S. Perins créeke, Crantocke and Rialton, of Heyles Leland ſpeaketh ſomewhat in his col|lections out of the life of S. Breaca, where he noteth that it is ſpoyled by ſand comming from the Tinne workes. The next great fall of water & greateſt of all that is to be founde on the North ſide of Corinwall, is at Padde|ſtow, whether ye Alaune reſorte [...]th.Alaunus Dunmerus. Of ſome it is nowe called Dunmere, but in olde time it hight commonly Alaunus. Into this ſtreame runne diuers other as the Carneſey (by eaſt) thrée myles lower then Woodbridge:Carneſey. Laine. ye Laine (which riſeth two myles aboue S. Eſſe by northeaſt, and falleth into Alaune likewiſe a|bout Woodbridge) the Bodmin water, beſide another that commeth from ſouthweſt, and goeth in Alane two myles beneath this con|fluence on the ſame ſide aboue Woodbridge: and finallye the laſt which deſcendeth out of the hilles from ſoutheaſt, and ioyneth with the ſaid riuer two myles aboue Padſtow, as I doe finde by reading. In one place Leland ſaith how he cannot well tell whereabout this riuer doth iſſue out of the grounde, but in an|other he ſayth thus of it. The Alune is eui|dently ſéene to paſſe thorow Wood or Wad|bridge at lowe water, and the firſt bridge of name that it rũneth vnder is called Heſham, the next, Dunmere bridge, & the third Wad|bridge, which is foure myles lower, and the loweſt in déede, that is to be founde on this ſtreame. From Padſtow alſo they ſa [...]e full weſt vnto Waterford in Ireland.Locus. bufonis. There are likewiſe two Rockes which lye in the eaſt ſide of the hauen, ſecretely hidden at full Sea, as two pads in the ſtraw, whereof I thinke it taketh the name. Leland ſuppoſeth this ry|uer to be the ſame Camblan, where Arthur fought his laſt and fatall conflict: for to this daie men that doe eare the grounde there, doe oft plowe vp bones of a large ſize, and great ſtore of armour, or els it may be (as I rather coniecture) that the Romanes had ſome field (or Caſtra) thereabout, for not long ſince and in the remembraunce of man, a braſſe pot ful of Romane coyne was found there, as I haue EEBO page image 35 oftẽ herde.Depe|hatch. Cunilus. Next vnto this is the Déepehatch & thẽ the Cunilus alias Portiſſer & Portguin waters, and vpon the Northſide of this creke ſtandeth Tintagell or Dundagiell caſtell, al|moſt enuironned in manner of an Iſland. Af|ter this and being paſt Tredwy, we come vnto the Taw mouth,Taw. whoſe heade riſeth in Exmore ſoutheaſt from Barſtable, which is a towne fiue myles diſtaunt from the hauens mouth.Turrege. It receueth alſo ye water of Turrege, which riſeth 3. miles by northeaſt frõ Harte|land in a moore euen hard by ye principall hed of Thamar. This Thurege commeth firſt to Kiſſington bridge, thence to Pulford bridge, Wadforde bridge, Déepeforde bridge, the South and weſt bridges of Thorington, to Eudford bridge, (which hath 24. arches, and an olde chappel builded thereon vnto the vir|gin Mary, at the farder end) then two miles lower it falleth into the Thaue, and finallye into the Sauerne ſea, by the hauen mouth. The entrie of the hauen of Thaw is barred wyth ſande and very daungerous, and from the pointe of the hauen mouthe to cutte o|uer to Hartey point, is about ſixe or ſeuen miles, a pretie brooke alſo falleth into the ſaid hauen, from the hilles aboue Barſtable, by Eaſt, & going by the Priory. But to procéede from hence we goe to the Minheued or Mine mouth,Mineus. whoſe backwater entreth into it, af|ter it be come from Minheued and Portloch. Then came we to Dour or Dournſteir fall,Durus. whether commeth a rill, next of all to Clyffe Chappell, where the people honoured an I|mage of our Ladye with much ſuperſtition, thence two myles to Orcharde, to Comb thrée myles,Iuel. and next of all vnto the Iuel, a famous ryuer, which deſcendeth by Brad|fielde then by Clyfton (within a quarter of a myle whereof the Shireburn & the Milbrooke waters doe méete, of which the firſt ryſeth in Blackmoore,Shirburn Milbrooke. the other thrée myle from thence in Milbrooke parke) from Clyfton to Euill a proper market towne in Somerſet|ſhyre, thre myles or thereabout from Shire|burn: from Euell to Ilcheſter by the bridge thrée myles (taking withall the Cokar,Cokar. that ryſeth weſt of Cokar, and after thrée myles gate falleth into the Iuell) frõ Ilcheſter to Michelborowe, leauing Athelney ſomewhat diſtaunt on the left ſide, then to Lamburne, to Bridge north, Bridge water, and after a time into the Sauerne mouth. Certes it is thought to ryſe in Milbery parke, or ſome|where elſe not farre from Shireburne, but the chiefe heade thereof commeth from Coſ|komb. When we are paſt this we come vnto the Axe,Axe. which runneth by Axe towne, and ſo continueth his courſe braunching in thende, and leauing a fayre Iſlande as it were in the very fal, partly enuironned wt the maine ſea, & partly wyth this riuer. There is moreouer a towne eaſt of this Iſland called in old time Cherin, but now Vphil. Next vnto this is the Stowey mouth ſerued with a backewater,Stow [...] called Stowey, which ryſeth in the hylles not farre of, and after it hath touched at Stow, it falleth into the ſea, which is ſeuẽ miles frõ that place. There are two brookes further|more that fal into the ſea, after they haue paſ|ſed betwéene Stow and S. Andrewes, & the thirde runneth not farre from Willington, ryſing by South, but ſithence they are onely tryfling rilles and nameleſſe, I thinke it not good to ſtande any longer about them. Thus are we come at laſt vnto the Auon,Auon which not farre from his originall, doth enuironne and almoſt make an Iſland of the towne of Mal|meflyry, from thence it goeth vnder Male|forde and Caſway bridges, to Choppenham, Bradford, Bath, Briſtow (flowing two miles aboue that citie) and ſoone after into the Sa|uerne, from whence it neuer returneth with|out mixture of Salt water. In this ſort haue I finiſhed one part of my Deſcription of the ryuers & ſtreames falling into the ſea, which ſhould haue béene a far more perfite, and ex|act péece of worke, if I had béene ſo vpright|lye dealt withall in mine informations as I ment to deale preciſely in ſetting downe the ſame, but ſith the matter is ſo fallen out, that I cannot doe as I woulde herein, I muſt be contented to performe what I maye, hoping in time to peruſe and poliſhe it againe that nowe is left rude and without any diligence ſhewed, or order vſed at all therein.

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1.11. Of such streames as fall into the sea, betweene the Thames and the mouth of the Sauerne. Chap. 12.

Of such streames as fall into the sea, betweene the Thames and the mouth of the Sauerne. Chap. 12.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 _AFter the Midwaie we haue the Stoure that riseth at Kingeswood,Stoure. which is fourtéene or fifteene miles from Canturburie. This riuer pas|seth by Ashford,Nailburne water also (as I heare) neer to Cantwar|birie, but I wote not whereabouts: sée Marianus Scotus. Wie, Nacking|ton, Canturburie, Fordish, Stan|dish, and Sturemouth, where it receiueth another riuer growing of three branches. After our Stoure or Sture parteth it self in twaine, & in such wise, that one arme therof goeth toward the north, and is called (when it commeth at the sea) the north mouth of Stoure; the other runneth southeast ward vp to Richborow, and so to Sandwich, from whence it goeth northeast againe and falleth into the sea. The issue of this later tract is called the hauen of Sandwich. And peraduenture the streame that com|meth downe thither, after the diuision of the Stoure, maie be the same which Beda calleth Wantsome;Wantsome. but as I cannot vndoo this knot at will, so this is cer|teine, that the Stoure on the one side, and peraduen|ture, the Wantsome on the other, parteth and cutteth the Tenet from the maine land of Kent, whereby it is left for an Iland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 There are other little brookes which fall into the Stoure, whereof Leland speaketh, as Fishpoole becke that ariseth in Stonehirst wood, and meeteth with it foure miles from Canturburie: another beginneth at Chislet, and goeth into the Stoure gut, which sometime inclosed Thanet, as Leland saith: the third issueth out of the ground at Northburne (where Eadbert of Kent sometime past held his palace) and runneth to Sandwich hauen, as the said authour re|porteth: and the fourth called Bridgewater that ri|seth by S. Marie Burne church, and going by Bi|shops Burne, meeteth with Canturburie water at Stourmouth: also Wiham that riseth aboue Wi|ham short of Adsam, and falleth into Bridgewater at Dudmill, or Wenderton: and the third name|lesse, which riseth short of Wodensburgh (a towne wherein Hengist & the Saxons honored their grand idoll Woden, or Oshine) and goeth by Staple to Wingam: but sith they are obscure I will not touch them here. From hence passing by the Goodwine, a plot verie perilous for sea-faring men (sometime firme land, that is, vntill the tenth of the conque|rours sonne, whose name was William Rufus, and wherein a great part of the inheritance of erle Good|wine in time past was knowne to lie) but escaping it with case, we came at length to Douer. In all which voiage we found no streame, by reason of the cliffes that inuiron the said coast. Howbeit vpon the south side of Douer, there is a pretie fresh riuer, whose head ariseth at Erwell, not passing foure miles from the sea, and of some is called Dour,Dour. which in the British foong is a common name for waters, as is also the old British word Auon for the greatest riuers, into whose mouthes or falles shippes might find safe en|trance; and therefore such are in my time called ha|uens, a new word growen by an aspiration added to the old: the Scots call it Auen. But more of this else-where, sith I am now onelie to speake of Dour, wherof it is likelie that the towne & castell of Douer did sometime take the name. From hence we go toward the Camber (omitting peraduenture here and there sundrie small creeks void of backwater by the waie) whereabouts the Rother a noble riuer fal|leth into the sea. This RotherRother. separateth Sussex from Kent, and hath his head in Sussex, not farre from Argas hill néere to Waterden forrest, and from thence directeth his course vnto Rotherfield. After this it goeth to Ethlingham or Hitchingham, and so foorth by Newendon vnto Mattham ferrie, where it diuideth it selfe in such wise, that one branch thereof goeth to Appledoure (where is a castell some|time builded by the Danes, in the time of Alfred, as they did erect another at Middleton, and the third at Beamflete) and at this towne, where it méeteth the BilieBilie. that riseth about Bilsington, the other by I|den, so that it includeth a fine parcell of ground cal|led Oxneie, which in time past was reputed as a par|cell of Sussex; but now vpon some occasion or other (to me vnknowne) annexed vnto Kent. From hence also growing into some greatnesse, it runneth to Rie, where it méeteth finallie with the Becke,Becke. which commeth from Beckleie: so that the plot wherein Rie standeth, is in manner a by-land or peninsula, as experience doth confirme. Leland and most men are of the likeliest opinion, that this riuer should be called the Limen, which (as Peter of Cornhull saith)Limenus. doth issue out of Andredeswald, where the head there|of is knowne to be. Certes, I am of the opinion, that it is called the Rother vnto Appledoure, & from thence the Limen, bicause the Danes are noted to enter into these parts by the Limen; and sailing on the same to Appledoure, did there begin to fortifie, as I haue noted alreadie. Howbeit, in our time it is knowne by none other name than the Rother or Ap|pledoure water, whereof let this suffice.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Being thus crossed ouer to the west side of Rie hauen, & in vewing the issues that fall into the same, I meet first of all with a water that groweth of two brookes, which come downe by one chanell into the east side of the mouth of the said port. The first ther|fore that falleth into it descendeth from Beckleie or thereabouts (as I take it) the next runneth along by Pesemarsh, & soone after ioining with all, they hold on as one, till they fall into the same at the westerlie side of Rie: the third streame commeth from the north, and as it mounteth vp not farre from Mun|field, so it runneth betweene Sescambe and Wack|linton néere vnto Bread, taking another rill with|all that riseth (as I heare) not verie far from West|field. There is likewise a fourth that groweth of two heads betweene Ielingham and Pet, and going by Winchelseie it méeteth with all about Rie hauen, so that Winchelseie standeth inuironed on thrée parts with water, and the streames of these two that I haue last rehearsed.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The water that falleth into the Ocean, a mile by southwest of Hastings, or therabouts, is called Aestus Aestus. or Asten: perhaps of Hasten or Hasting the Dane, (who in time past was a plague to France and Eng|land) & rising not far from Penhirst, it meeteth with the sea (as I heare) by east of Hollington. Buluer|hithBuluerhithe. is but a creeke (as I remember) serued with no backewater; and so I heare of Codding or Old ha|uen, wherefore I meane not to touch them.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Into Peuenseie hauen diuerse waters doo resort,Peuensete. and of these, that which entereth into the same on the east side riseth out from two heads, where of the most easterlie is called Ash, the next vnto the Burne,Ash. Burne. and vniting themselues not farre from Ashburne, they continue their course vnder the name and title of Ashburne water, as I read. The second that com|meth thereinto issueth also of two heads, whereof the one is so manie miles from Boreham, the other not EEBO page image 54 far from the Parke east of Hellingstowne, and both of them concurring southwest of Hirstmowsen, they direct their course toward Peuenseie (beneath which they meet with another rising at Foington) and thence go in one chanell for a mile or more, till they fall togither into Peuenscie hauen.Cucomarus. The Cuck|mer issueth out at seuerall places, and hereof the more easterlie branch commeth from Warbleton ward, the other from Bishops wood, and méeting be|neth Halling, they run in one bottome by Micham Arlington, Wellington, old Frithstan, and so into the sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Unto the water that commeth out at Newha|uen,Isis, ni fallor. sundrie brookes and riuerets doo resort, but the chiefe head riseth toward the west, somewhat be|twéene Etchinford and Shepleie, as I heare. The first water therefore that falleth into the same on the east side, issueth out of the ground about Uertwood, and running from thence by Langhton and Ripe, on the west side; it falleth into the aforesaid riuer be|neath Forle and Glime, or thrée miles lower than Lewis, if the other buttall like you not. The next herevnto hath his head in Argas hill, the third des|cendeth from Ashedon forrest, and ioining with the last mentioned, they crosse the maine riuer a little beneath Isefield. The fourth water commeth from Ashedon forrest by Horstéed Caines (or Dusestate Caines) and falleth into the same, likewise east of Linfield. Certes I am deceiued if this riuer be not called Isis, after it is past Isefield.Sturewell. The fift riseth a|bout Storuelgate, and meeteth also with the maine streame aboue Linfield, and these are knowen to lie vpon the right hand as we rowed vp the riuer. On the other side are onelie two, whereof the first hath his originall neere vnto Wenefield, and holding on his course toward the east, it meeteth with his mai|ster betweene Newicke and Isefield (or Ifield) as some read it.Plimus. The last of all commeth from Pli|modune or Plumpton, and hauing met in like sort with the maine riuer about Barcham, it runneth foorth with it, & they rest in one chanell by Barcham, Hamseie, Malling, Lewis, Piddingburne, and so foorth into the maine.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The next riuer that we came vnto west of Bright|hemston is the Sore,Soru. which notwithstanding I find to be called Brember water, in the ancient map of Marton colledge in Oxford: but in such sort (as I take it) as the Rother or Limen is called Appledoure streame, bicause of the said towne that standeth ther|vpon. But to procéed, it is a pleasant water, & there|to if you consider the situation of his armes, and branches from the higher grounds, verie much re|sembling a foure stringed whip. Whereabout the head of this riuer is, or which of these branches may safelie be called Sora from the rising, in good sooth I cannot say. For after we had passed nine or ten mils thereon vp into the land, suddenlie the crosse waters stopped vs, so that we were inforced to turne either east or west, for directlie foorth-right we had no waie to go. The first arme on the right hand as we went, riseth out of a parke by south of Alborne, and going on for a certeine space toward the northwest, it tur|neth southward betwéene Shermonburie and Twin|ham, and soone after méeteth with the Bimar,Bimarus. not much south from Shermonburie, whence they run to|gither almost two miles, till they fall into the Sore. That on the west side descendeth from about Bil|lingeshirst, & going toward the east, it crosseth with the fourth (which riseth a litle by west of Thacam) east from Pulborow, and so they run as one into the Sore, that after this confluence hasteth it selfe south|ward by Brember, Burleis, the Combes, and yer long into the Ocean.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Arun (of which beside Arundell towne the ca|stellArunus. and the vallie wherin it runneth is called Val|lis Aruntina, or Arundale in English) is a goodlie wa|ter, and thereto increased with no small number of excellent & pleasant brookes. It springeth vp of two heads, whereof one descendeth from the north not far from Gretham, and going by Lis, méeteth with the next streame (as I gesse) about Doursford house. The second riseth by west from the hils that lie toward the rising of the sunne from East maine, and run|neth by Peterfield. The third commeth from Beri|ton ward, and ioineth with the second betwéene Pe|terfield and Doursford, after which confluence they go togither in one chanell still toward the east (ta|king a rill with them that cõmmeth betwéene Fer|nehirst and S. Lukes chappell, southwest of Linch|mere, and meeting with it east of Loddesworth (as I doo read, and likewise sundrie other in one chanell beneath Stopham) to Waltham, Burie, Houghton, Stoke, Arundell, Tortington ford, Climping (all on the west side) and so into the sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Hauing thus described the west side of Arun, let vs doo the like with the other in such sort as we best may. The first riuer that we come vnto therfore on the east side, and also the second, rise of sundrie places in S. Leonards forrest, & ioining a little aboue Horsham, they méet with the third, which commeth from Ifield parke, not verie farre from Slinfeld. The fourth hath two heads, whereof one riseth in Witleie parke, the other by west, neere vnto Heselméere chappell, and meeting by west of Doursfeld, they vnite themselues with the chanell, growing by the confluence that I spake of beneath Slinfeld, a little aboue Billing|shirst. The last water commeth from the hils aboue Linchemere, and runneth west and south, and pas|sing betwéene Billingthirst and Stopham, it com|meth vnto the chanell last mentioned, and so into the Arun beneath Stopham, without anie further in|crease, at the least that I doo heare of.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 Burne hath his issue in a parke néere Aldingbur|rie (or rather a little aboue the same toward the north,Burne. as I haue since beene informed) and running by the bottomes toward the south, it falleth betwéene north Berflete and Flesham. Erin riseth of sundrie heads,Elin. by east of Erinleie, and directing his course toward the sunne rising, it peninsulateth Seleseie towne on the southwest and Pagham at northwest. Deel springeth about Benderton,Delus. and thence run|ning betwéene middle Lauant and east Lauant, it goeth by west of west Hampnet, by east of Chiche|ster, or west of Rumbaldesdowne, and afterward by Fishburne, where it meeteth with a rill comming north west from Funtingdon (a little beneath the towne) & then running thus in one streame toward the sea, it méeteth with another rillet comming by north of Bosham, and so into Auant gulfe by east of Thorneie Iland.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 The Racon riseth by east of Racton or Racodu|num (as Leland calleth it) and comming by Chid|ham,Racunus. it falleth into the sea, northeast of Thorneie a|foresaid. The Emill commeth first betwéene Rac|ton and Stansted,Emill. then downe to Emilsworth or Emmesworth, & so vnto the Ocean, separating Sus|sex from Hampshire almost from the very head. Ha|uing in this maner passed along the coasts of Sus|sex, the next water that I remember, riseth by east of the forrest of Estbirie, from whence it goeth by Southwike, west Burhunt, Farham, and so into the gulfe almost full south.Badunus forre Then come we to Bedenham creeke (so called of a village standing thereby) the mouth whereof lieth almost directlie against Porche|ster castell, which is situat about three miles by wa|ter from Portesmouth towne, as Leland dooth re|port. Then go we within halfe a mile further to Forten creeke,Forten or Fordon. which either giueth or taketh name of EEBO page image 55 a village hard by.Osterpoole. After this we come to Osterpoole lake, a great créeke, that goeth vp by west into the land, and lieth not far from a round turret of stone, from whence also there goeth a chaine to another tower on the east side directlie ouer against it, the like whereof is to be séene in diuerse other hauens of the west countrie, wherby the entrance of great ves|sels into that part may be at pleasure restreined.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From hence we go further to Tichefeld water, that riseth about Eastmaine parke,Tichefield. ten or twelue miles by northeast or there abouts from Tichefeld. From Eastmaine it goeth (parting the forrests of Waltham, and Eastberie by the way) to Wicham or Wicombe, a pretie market towne & large through|fare, where also the water separateth it selfe into two armelets, and going vnder two bridges of wood commeth yer long againe vnto one chanell. From hence it goeth three or foure miles further, to a bridge of timber by maister Writhoseleies house (leauing Tichfeld towne on the right side) and a little beneath runneth vnder Ware bridge, whither the sea floweth as hir naturall course inforceth. Finallie, within a mile of this bridge it goeth into the water of Hamp|ton hauen, whervnto diuerse streames resort, as you shall heare hereafter.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After this we come to Hamble hauen,Hamelrish. or Hamel|rish créeke, whose fall is betwéene saint Andrewes castell, and Hoke. It riseth about Shidford in Wal|tham forrest, & when it is past Croke bridge, it mée|teth with another brooke, which issueth not farre from Bishops Waltham, out of sundrie springs in the high waie on Winchester, from whence it passeth (as I said) by Bishops Waltham, then to Budeleie or Botleie, and then ioining with the Hamble, they run togither by Prowlingsworth, Upton, Brusill, Hamble towne, and so into the sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Now come we to the hauen of Southhampton,Southhamp|ton. by Ptolomie called Magnus portus, which I will briefelie describe so néere as I can possiblie. The bredth or entrie of the mouth hereof (as I take it) is by estimation two miles from shore to shore. At the west point therof also is a strong castell latelie buil|ded, which is rightlie named Caldshore, but now Cawshot, I wote not by what occasion. On the east side thereof also is a place called Hoke (afore men|tioned) or Hamell hoke; wherein are not aboue thrée or foure fisher houses, not worthie to be remembred. This hauen shooteth vp on the west side by the space of seuen miles, vntill it come to Hampton towne, standing on the other side, where it is by estimation a mile from land to land. Thence it goeth vp further about thrée miles to Redbridge, still ebbing and flow|ing thither, and one mile further, so farre as my me|morie dooth serue mée. Now it resteth that I describe the Alresford streame, which some doo call the Arre or Arle, and I will procéed withall in this order fol|lowing.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Alresford beginneth of diuerse faire springs,Alresford. about a mile or more frõ Alresford, or Alford as it is now called, and soone after resorting to one bottome, they become a broad lake, which for the most part is called Alford pond. Afterward returning againe to a narrow chanell, it goeth through a stone bridge at the end of Alford towne (leauing the towne it selfe on the lest hand) toward Hicthingstocke thrée miles off, but yet it commeth there, it receiueth two rils in one bottome, whereof one commeth from the Forrest in maner at hand, and by northwest of old Alresford, the other frõ Browne Candiuer, that go|eth by Northenton, Swarewotton, Aberstone, &c: vntill we méet with the said water beneath Alford towne. Being past Hichinstocke, it commeth by A|nington to Eston village, and to Woorthie, where it beginneth to branch, and ech arme to part it selfe in|to other that resort to Hide and the lower soiles by east of Winchester, there seruing the stréets, the close of S. Maries, Wolueseie, and the new college verie plentifullie with their water. But in this meane while, the great streame commeth from Worthie to the east bridge, and so to saint Elizabeth college, where it dooth also part in twaine, enuiro|ning the said house in most delectable maner. After this it goeth toward S. Crosses, leauing it a quarter of a mile on the right hand: then to Twiford (a mile lower) where it gathereth againe into one bottome, and goeth six miles further to Woodmill, taking the Otter brooke withall on the east side,Otter. and so into the salt créeke that leadeth downe to the hauen.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 On the other side of Southhampton, there resor|teth into this hauen also both the Test & the Stock|bridge water in one bottome,Stocke. whereof I find this large description insuing. The verie head of the Stockewater, is supposed to be somewhere about Basing stoke, or church Hockleie, and going from thence betwéene Ouerton and Steuenton, it com|meth at last by Lauerstocke & Whitchurch, and soone after receiuing a brooke by northwest, called the Bourne (descending from S. Marie Bourne,Bourne. south|east from Horsseburne) it procéedeth by Long paroch and the wood, till it meet with the Cranburne, on the cast side (a pretie riuelet rising about Michelneie, and going by Fullington, Barton, and to Cram|burne) thence to Horwell in one bottome, beneath which it meeteth with the Andeuer water, that is in|creased yer it come there by an other brooke, whose name I doo not know. This Andeuer streame riseth in Culhamshire forrest, not far by north from Ande|uer towne, and going to vpper Clatford, yer it touch there it receiueth the rill of which I spake before, which rising also néeer vnto Anport, goeth to Monke|ton, to Abbatesham, the Andeuer, and both (as I said) vnto the Test beneath Horwell, whereof I spake e|uen now.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 These streames being thus brought into one bot|tome, it runneth toward the south vnder Stock|bridge, and soone after diuiding it selfe in twaine, one branch thereof goeth by Houghton, & a little beneath meeteth with a rill, that commeth from bywest of S. Ans hill, and goeth by east of vpper Wallop, west of nether Wallop, by Bucholt forrest, Broughton, and called (as I haue béene informed) the Gallop, but now it is named Wallop.Ualopius. The other arme runneth through the parke, by north west of kings Som|burne, and vniting themselues againe, they go forth by Motteshunt, and then receiue the Test,Test. a pretie water rising in Clarendun parke, that goeth by west Deane, and east Deane, so to Motteshunt, and finallie to the aforesaid water, which from thence|foorth is called the Test, euen vnto the sea. But to procéed. After this confluence, it taketh the gate to Kimbebridge, then to Rumseie, Longbridge, and be|neath the same receiueth a concourse of two rilles whereof the one commeth from Sherefield, the other from the new Forrest, and ioining in Wadeleie parke, they beat vpon the Test, not verie farre from Murseling. From thence the Test goeth vnder a pretie bridge, before it come at Redbridge, from whence it is not long yer it fall into the hauen.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The next riuer that runneth into this port, spring|eth in the new Forrest, and commeth thereinto a|bout. Eling,Eling. not passing one mile by west of the fall of Test. From hence casting about againe into the maine sea, and leauing Calde shore castell on the right hand, we directed our course toward the south|west, vnto Beaulieu hauen, whereinto the Mineie descendeth. The Mineie riseth not far from Mineie|stéed,Mineie. a village in the north part of the new Forrest; and going by Beaulieu, it falleth into the sea south|west, EEBO page image 56 west (as I take it) of Exburie, a village standing vpon the shore.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Being past the Mineie,Limen. we crossed the Limen as it is now called, whose head is in the verie hart of the new Forrest (sometime conuerted into a place of nourishment for déere by William Rufus, buieng his pleasure with the ruine of manie towns and vil|lages, as diuerse haue inclosed or inlarged their parks by the spoile of better occupiengs) & running southwest of Lindhirst & the parke, it goeth by east of Brokenhirst, west of Bulder, & finallie into the sea south and by east of Lemington. I take this not to be the proper name of the water, but of the hauen, for Limen in Gréeke is an hauen: so that Limendune is nothing else, but a downe or higher plot of ground lieng on the hauen: neuerthelesse, sith this denomi|nation of the riuer hath now hir frée passage, I think it not conuenient to séeke out any other name that should be giuen vnto it. The next fall that we passed by is namelesse, except it be called Bure, & as it des|cendeth from new Forrest,Bure. so the next vnto it hight Mile,Milis. as I haue heard in English. Certes the head thereof is also in the southwest part of the said For|rest, & the fall not far from Milford bridge, beyond the which I find a narrow going or strictland leading fro the point to Hirst castell which standeth into the sea, as if it hoong by a thred, from the maine of the Iland, readie to be washed awaie by the continuall wor|king and dailie beating of the waues.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The next riuer that we came vnto of anie name is the Auon,Auon. which (as Leland saith) riseth by northeast, and not far from Woolfehall in Wilthshire, supposed to be the same which Ptolomie called Halenus. The first notable bridge that it runneth vnto, is at Upha|uen, thence foure miles further it goeth to little Am|bresburie, and there is another bridge, from thence to Woodford village, standing at the right hand banke, and Newton village on the left. The bishops of Sa|rum had a proper manor place at Woodford, which bishop Shaxton pulled downe altogither, bicause it was somewhat in ruine. Thence it goeth to Fisher|ton bridge, to Cranebridge, old Salisburie, new Sa|lisburie, and finallie to Harnham, which is a statelie bridge of stone, of six arches at the least. There is at the west end of the said bridge, a little Iland, that lieth betwixt this and another bridge, of foure pretie arches, and vnder this later runneth a good round streame, which (as I take it) is a branch of Auon, that breaketh out a little aboue, & soone after it reuniteth it selfe againe: or else that Wilton water hath there his entrie into the Auon, which I cannot yet deter|mine. From Harneham bridge it goeth to Doun|ton, that is about foure miles, and so much in like sort from thence to Fordingbridge, to Kingwood bridge fiue miles, to Christes church Twinham fiue miles, and streight into the sea; and hitherto Leland of this streame, which for the worthinesse thereof (in mine o|pinion) is not sufficientlie described. Wherefore I thinke good to deliuer a second receiued of another, which in more particular maner dooth exhibit his course vnto vs.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Certes this Auon is a goodlie riuer, rising (as I said before néere) vnto Wolfe hall; although he that will séeke more scrupulouslie for the head in déed, must looke for the same about the borders of the for|rest of Sauernake (that is Soure oke) which lieth as if it were imbraced betwéene the first armes thereof, as I haue beene informed. These heads also doo make a confluence by east of Martinshall hill, and west of Wootton. From whence it goeth to Milton, Pow|seie, Manningfield abbeie, Manningfield crosse, and beneath Newington taketh in one rill west from Rudborow, and another a little lower that riseth also west of Alcanninges, and runneth into the same by Patneie, Merden, Wilford, Charleton, and Rusti|sall. Being therefore past Newington, it goeth to Uphauen (whereof Leland speaketh) to Chesilburie, Compton, Ablington, little Almsburie, Darntford, Woodford, old Salisburie, and so to new Salisburie, where it receiueth one notable riuer from by north|west, & another from north east, which two I will first describe, leauing the Auon at Salisburie for a while. The first of these is called the Wilugh,Wilugh. whereof the whole shire dooth take hir name, and not of the great plentie of willowes growing therein, as some fanta|sticall heads doo imagine: whereof also there is more plentie in that countrie than is to be found in other places. It riseth among the Deuerels, and running thence by hill Deuerell, & Deuerell long bridge, it go|eth toward Bishops straw, taking in one rill by west & another from Upton by Werminster at northwest. From Bishops straw it goeth to Norton, Upton, Badhampton, Steplinford, and Stapleford, where it meeteth with the Winterburie water from by north, descending from Maddenton by Winterburne. From Stapleford it hasteth to Wishford, Newton, Chilhampton, Wilton: and thither commeth a wa|ter vnto it from southwest, which riseth of two heads aboue Ouerdonet. After this it goeth by Wordca|stell, to Tisburie, and there receiueth a water on ech side, whereof one commeth from Funthill, the other from two issues (of which one riseth at Austie, the o|ther at Swalodise) and so keeping on still with his course, our Wilugh runneth next of all by Sutton. Thence it goeth to Fouant, Boberstocke, Southbur|combe, Wilton (where it taketh in the Fomington or Nader water) Westharnam,Nader becke. Salisburie, and Eastharnam: and this is the race of Wilugh.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The other is a naked arme or streame without a|nie branches. It riseth aboue Colingburne King|ston in the hils, and thence it goeth to Colingburne, the Tidworths (whereof the more southerlie is in Wiltshire) Shipton, Cholterton, Newton, Toneie, Idmerson, Porton, the Winterburns, Lauerstocke, and so into Auon east of Salisburie. And thus is the confluence made of the aforesaid waters, with this our second Auon,Becquith brooke. whereinto another water falleth (calleth Becquithes brooke) a mile beneath Harne|ham bridge, whose head is fiue miles from Sarum, and thrée miles aboue Becquithes bridge, as Leland dooth remember,Chalkeburne. who noteth the Chalkeburne water to haue his due recourse also at this place into the a|foresaid riuer. Certes it is a pretie brooke, and riseth six miles from Shaftesburie, and in the waie toward Salisburie in a bottome on the right hand, whence it commeth by Knighton and Fennistratford, to Hon|ington, that is about twelue miles from the head, and about two miles and an halfe from Honington be|neath O [...]stocke, goeth into the Auon, a mile lower than Harnham bridge, except he forget himselfe. This Harnham, whereof I now intreat, was some|time a pretie village before the erection of new Sa|lisburie, and had a church of S. Martin belonging vnto it, but now in stéed of this church, there is one|lie a barne standing in a verie low mead on the northside of S. Michaels hospitall. The cause of the relinquishing of it was the moistnesse of the soile, verie oft ouerflowne. And whereas the kings high waie laie sometimes through Wilton, licence was obteined of the king and Richard bishop of Salisbu|rie, to remooue that passage vnto new Salisburie in like maner, and vpon this occasion was the maine bridge made ouer Auon at Harneham. By this ex|change of the waie also old Salisburie fell into vtter decaie,Thrée towns decaied by changing one waie. & Wilton which was before the head towne of the shire, and furnished with twelue parish chur|ches, grew to be but a poore village, and of small re|putation. Howbeit, this was not the onelie cause of EEBO page image 57 the ruine of old Salisburie, sith I read of two other, whereof the first was a salue vnto the latter, as I take it. For whereas it was giuen out, that the townesmen wanted water in old Salisburie, it is flat otherwise; sith that hill is verie plentifullie ser|ued with springs and wels of verie swéet water. The truth of the matter therefore is this.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In the time of ciuill warres, the souldiors of the castell and chanons of old Sarum fell at ods, inso|much that after often bralles, they fell at last to sad blowes.An holie conflict. It happened therefore in a rogation weeke that the cleargie going in solemne procession, a con|trouersie fell betwéene them about certeine walkes and limits, which the one side claimed and the other denied. Such also was the hot intertainment on ech part, that at the last the Castellanes espieng their time, gate betwéene the cleargie and the towne, and so coiled them as they returned homeward, that they feared anie more to gang about their bounds for the yeare. Héerevpon the people missing their bellie cheare (for they were woont to haue banketing at euerie station, a thing commonlie practised by the re|ligious in old time, wherewith to linke in the com|mons vnto them, whom anie man may lead whither he will by the bellie, or as Latimer said, with beefe, bread and beere) they conceiued foorthwith a deadlie hatred against the Castellans. But not being able to cope with them by force of armes, they consulted with Richard Pore their bishop, and he with them so effectuallie, that it was not long yer they, I meane the chanons, began a new church vpon a péece of their owne ground called Mirifield, pretending to serue God there in better safetie, and with far more quietnesse than they could doo before. This church was begun 1219, the nine and twentith of Aprill, and finished with the expenses of 42000 marks,New Salis|burie begun. in the yeare 1260, and fiue & twentith of March, where|by it appeereth that it was aboue fortie yéers in hand, although the clearks were translated to the new towne 1220, or the third yeere after the fraie. The people also séeing the diligence of the chanons, and reputing their harmes for their owne inconueni|ence, were as earnest on the other sid [...] to be néere vnto these prelats, and therefore euerie man brought his house vnto that place, & thus became old Sarum in few yeeres vtterlie desolate, and new Salisburie raised vp in stéed thereof, to the great decaie also of Harnham and Wilton, whereof I spake of late. Neuerthelesse it should séeme to me that this new citie is not altogither void of some great hinderan|ces now and then by water: for in the second of Edward the second (who held a parlement there) there was a sudden thaw after a great frost, which caused the waters so fast to arise, that euen at high masse time the water came into the minster, and not onelie ouerflowed the nether part of the same, but came vp all to the kings pauase where he sate, whereby he became wetshod, and in the end inforced to leaue the church, as the executour did his masse, least they should all haue béene drowned: and this rage indured there for the space of two daies, where|vpon no seruice could be said in the said minster.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Now to returne againe from whence I thus di|gressed. Our Auon therefore departing from Salis|burie, goeth by Burtford, Longford, and taking in the waters afore mentioned by the waie, it goeth by Stanleie,Sturus. Dunketon, Craiford, Burgate, Fording bridge, Kingwood, Auon, Christes church; and finallie into the sea. But yer it come all there & a litle beneth Christes church, it crosseth the Stoure or S [...]ure, a ve|rie faire streame, whose course is such as may not be left vntouched. It riseth of six heads, whereof of thrée lie on the north side of the parke at [...] within the pale, the other rise without the parke; & of this riuer the towne and baronie of Sturfon dooth take his name as I gesse, for except my memorie do too much faile me, the lord Sturton giueth the six heads of the said water in his armes. But to procéed. After these bran [...]hes are conioined in one bottome, it goeth to long Laime mill, Stilton, Milton, and beneath Gil|lingham receiueth a water that descendeth from Mere. Thence the Sture goeth to Bugleie, Stoure, Westouer bridge, Stoure prouost, and yer long it taketh in the Cale water,Cale. from Pen that commeth downe by Wickhampton to Moreland, & so to Sta|pleford, seuen miles from Wickhampton, passing in the said voiage, by Wine Caunton, and the fiue bridges. After this confluence, it runneth to Hinton Maries,Lidden. Deuilis. and soone after crosseth the Lidden and Deui|lis waters all in one chanell, whereof the first riseth in Blackemore vale, and goeth to the bishops Caun|dell: the second in the hils south of Pulham, and so runneth to Lidlinch; the third water issueth néere Ibberton, and going by Fifehed to Lidlington, and there méeting with the Lidden,Iber. Blackewater. they receiue the Blackewater aboue Bagburne, and so go into the Stoure.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 After this the Stoure runneth on to Stoureton minster, Fitleford, Hammond, and soone after ta|king in one water that commeth from Hargraue by west Orchard, and a second from Funtmill, it goeth on to Chele, Ankeford, Handford, Durweston, Knighton, Brainston, Blandford, Charleton: and crossing yer long a rill that riseth about Tarrent, and goeth to Launston, Munketon, Caunston, Tar|rant, it proceedeth foorth by Shepw [...], and by and by receiuing another brooke on the right hand, that ri|seth about Strictland, and goeth by Quarleston, Whitchurch, Anderston, and Winterburne, it hast|eth forward to Stoureminster, Berford lake, Alen bridge, Winburne, aliàs Twinburne minster, whi|ther commeth a water called Alen (from Knolton, Wikehampton, Estambridge, Hinton, Barnsleie) which hath two heads, whereof one riseth short of Woodcotes, and east of Farneham, named Terig, the other at Munketon aboue S. Giles Winburne, and going thence to S. Giles Ashleie, it taketh in the Horton becke, as the Horton dooth the Cranburne. Finallie, méeting with the Terig aboue Knolton,This Stoure aboundeth with pike, perch, roch, dace, gudge|on and éeles. they run on vnder the name of Alen to the Stoure, which goeth to the Canfords, Preston, Kingston, Perleie, and Yolnest: but yer it come at Yolnest it taketh in two brookes in one bottome, whereof one commeth from Woodland parke by Holt parke, and Holt, another from aboue vpper Winburne, by Ed|mondesham, Uertwood, and Mannington, and ioi|ning about S. Leonards, they go to Hornebridge, and so into Stoure. After which confluence, the said Stoure runneth by Iuor bridge, and so into Auon, leauing Christs church aboue the méeting of the said waters (as I haue said before.)

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Hauing in this maner passed Christes church head we come to the fall of the Burne,Burne. which is a little brooke running from Stourefield heath, without branches; from whence we proceeded: & the next fall that we come vnto is Poole,Poole. from whose mouth vpon the shore, by southwest in a bale of thrée miles off, is a poore fisher towne called Sandwich, where we saw a péere and a little fresh brooke. The verie vtter part of saint Adelmes point, is fiue miles from Sand|wich. In another baie lieth west Lilleworth, where (as I heare) is some profitable harborough for ships. The to wite of Poole is from Winburne about foure miles, and it standeth almost as an Ile in the hauen. The hauen it selfe also, if a man should measure it by the circuit, wanteth little of twentie miles, as I did gesse by the view.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Going therefore into the same, betwéene the north EEBO page image 58 and the south points, to sée what waters were there, we left Brunkeseie Iland, and the castell on the left hand within the said points; and passing about by Pole, and leauing that créeke, bicause it hath no fresh, we came by Holton and Kesworth, where we beheld two falles, of which one was called the north, the other the south waters. The north streame hight Piddle as I heare.Piddle. It riseth about Alton, and goeth from thence to Piddle trench head, Piddle hinton, Walterstow, and yer it come at Birstam, receiueth Deuils brooke that commeth thither from Brugham and Melcombe by Deuilish towne.Deuit [...]s. Thence it goeth to Tow piddle, Ashe piddle, Turners piddle (taking in yer it come there, a water that runneth from Hel|ton by Middleton, Milburne & Biere) then to Hide, and so into Pole hauen, and of this water Marianns Scotus speaketh, except I be deceiued. The south wa|ter is properlie called Frome for Frame.Frome. It riseth néere vnto Euershot, and going downe by Frome|quitaine, Chelmington, and Catstocke, it receiueth there a rill from beside Rowsham, and Wraxehall. After this it goeth on to Chilfrome, and thence to Maden Newton,Ocus. where it méeteth with the Owke, that riseth either two miles aboue Hoke parke at Kenford, or in the great pond within Hoke parke, and going by the Tollards, falleth into the Frome about Maden Newton, & so go as one from thence to Fromevauchirch, Crokewaie, Frampton, and Muckilford, and receiueth néere vnto the same a rill from aboue Upsidling by S. Nicholas Sidling,Silleie. and Grimston. From hence it goeth on by Stratton and Bradford Peuerell, and beneath this Bradford, it crosseth the Silleie aliàs Minterne and Cherne brooks both in one chanell:Minterne Cherne. whereof the first riseth in vpper Cherne parish, the other at Minterne, and méeting aboue middle Cherne, they go by nether Cherne, Forston, Godmanston, and aboue Charneminster into Frome. In the meane time also our Frome brancheth and leaueth an Iland aboue Charnemin|ster, and ioining againe néere Dorchester, it goeth by Dorchester, and Forthington; but yer it come at Beckington, it meeteth with another Becke that runneth thereinto from Winterburne, Stapleton, Martinstow, Heringstow, Caine and Stafford, and from thence goeth without anie further increase as yet to Beckington, Knighton, Tinkleton, Morton, Wooll, Bindon, Stoke, & beneath Stoke receiueth the issue of the Luckeford lake,Luckford. from whence also it passeth by Eastholme, Warham, and so into the Baie.Séeke more for wilie brooke that goeth by west burie to Pole hauen. From this fall we went about the arme point by Slepe, where we saw a litle créeke, then by Owre, where we beheld an other, & then comming againe toward the entrance by saint Helens, and Furleie castell, we went abroad into the maine, and found our selues at libertie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 When we were past Pole hauen, we lest the Hand|fast point, the Peuerell point, S. Adelmes chappell, and came at last to Lughport hauen, whereby and al|so to the Luckeford lake, all this portion of ground last remembred, is left in maner of a byland or peninsu|la, and called the Ile of Burbecke, wherein is good store of alum and hard stone. In like sort going still westerlie, we came to Sutton points, where is a créeke. Then vnto Waie or Wilemouth, by kings Welcombe, which is twentie miles from Pole, and whose head is not full foure miles aboue the hauen by northwest at Uphill in the side of a great hill. Hereinto when we were entred, we saw three falles, whereof the first and greatest commeth from Up|weie by Bradweie, and Radipoole, receiuing after|ward the second that ran from east Chekerell, and likewise the third that maketh the ground betwéene Weimouth and Smalmouth passage almost an I|land. There is a little barre of sand at the hauen mouth, and a great arme of the sea runneth vp by the right hand; and scant a mile aboue the hauen mouth on the shore, is a right goodlie and warlike castell made, which hath one open barbicane. This arme runneth vp also further by a mile as in a baie, to a point of land where a passage is into Portland, by a little course of pibble sand. It goeth vp also from the said passage vnto Abbatsbirie about seauen miles off, where a litle fresh rondell resorteth to the sea. And somewhat aboue this,Chesill. is the head or point of the Che|sill lieng northwest, which stretcheth vp from thence about seauen miles, as a maine narrow banke, by a right line vnto the southeast, and there abutteth vp|on Portland scant a quarter of a mile aboue the Newcastle there. The nature of this banke is such, that so often as the wind bloweth vehementlie at southeast, so often the sea beateth in, and losing the banke soketh through it: so that if this wind should blow from that corner anie long time togither, Port|land should be left an Iland as it hath béene before. But as the southwest wind dooth appaire this banke, so a northwest dooth barre it vp againe. It is pretie to note of the Townelet of Waimouth, which lieth streight against Milton on the other side, and of this place where the water of the hauen is but of small breadth, that a rope is commonlie tied from one side of the shore to another, whereby the ferrie men doo guide their botes without anie helpe of Ores. But to procéed with our purpose. Into the mouth of this riuer doo ships often come for succour.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Going by Portland and the point thereof cal|led the Rase, we sailed along by the Shingle, till we came by saint Katharins chappell, where we saw the fall of a water that came downe from Blackdéene Beaconward, by Portsham and Ab|batsburie. Thence we went to another that fell into the sea, neere Birton, and descended from Litton by Chilcombe,Bride. Nature hath set the mouth of this riuer in maner be|twixt two hils, so that a little cost would make an hauẽ there. then vnto the Bride or Brute port, a pre|tie hauen, and the riuer it selfe serued with sundrie waters. It riseth halfe a mile or more aboue Bemi|ster, and so goeth from Bemister to Netherburie by Parneham, then to Melplash, and so to Briteport, where it taketh in two waters from by east in one chanell, of which one riseth east of Nettlecourt, and goeth by Porestoke and Milton, the other at Asker|well, and runneth by Longlether. From hence also our Bride going toward the sea,Simen. taketh the Simen on the west that commeth by Simensburge into the same, the whole streame soone after falling into the sea, and leauing a pretie haue not.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The next port is the Chare,Chare. serued with two rits in one confluence, beneath Charemouth. The cheefe head of this riuer is (as Leland saith) in Marshwood parke, and commeth downe by Whitechurch: the o|ther runneth by west of Wootton, and méeting be|neath Charemouth towne (as I said) dooth fall into the sea. Then came we to the Cobbe, and beheld the Lime water,Buddle. which the townesmen call the Buddle, which commeth about thrée miles by north of Lime, from the hils, fleting vpon Rockie soile, and so falleth into the sea. Certes, there is no hauen héere that I could sée, but a quarter of a mile by west southwest of the towne, is a great and costlie iuttie in the sea for succour of ships. The towne is distant from Coliton, about fiue miles. And heere we ended our voiage from the Auon, which conteineth the whole coast of Dorcester, or Dorcetshire, so that next we must enter into Summerset countie, and see what waters are there.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The first water that we méet withall in Sum|mersetshire is the Axe,Axe. which riseth in a place called Are knoll, longing to sir Giles Strangwaie, néere vnto Cheddington in Dorsetshire, from whence it runneth to Mosterne, Feborow, Claxton, Weiford EEBO page image 59 bridge, Winsham foord, and receiuing one rill from the east by Hawkechurch, and soone after another comming from northwest by Churchstoke, from Wainbroke, it goeth to Axeminster, beneath which it crosseth the Yare,Yare aliàs A [...]rte. that commeth from about Buck|land, by Whitstaunton, Yarecombe, Long bridge, Stockeland, Kilmington bridge (where it receiueth a brooke from by south, that runneth by Dalwood) and so into the Axe. From hence our Axe goeth to Drake, Musburie, Culliford: but yer it come altogi|ther at Culliford, it méeteth with a water that riseth aboue Cotleie, and goeth from thence by Widwor|thie, Culliton, and there receiuing a rill also, procée|deth on after the confluence aboue Culliford bridge, into the Axe, and from thence hold on togither into the maine sea, whereinto they fall vnder the roots of the winter cliffes, the points of them being almost a mile in sunder. The most westerlie of them called Berewood, lieth within halfe a mile of Seton.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 But the other toward the east is named White|cliffe, of which I saie no more, but that

in the time of Athelstane, the greatest nauie that euer aduentu|red into this Iland, arriued at Seton in Deuon|shire, being replenished with aliens that sought the conquest of this Iland, but Athelstane met and in|countered with them in the field, where he ouerthrew six thousand of his aforesaid enimies. Not one of them also that remained aliue, escaped from the battell without some deadlie or verie gréeuous wound. In this conflict moreouer were slaine fiue kings, which were interred in the churchyard of Axe minster, and of the part of the king of England were killed eight earles of the chéefe of his nobilitie, and they also buried in the churchyard aforesaid. Héervn|to it addeth how the bishop of Shireburne was in like sort slaine in this battell, that began at Brune|dune neere to Coliton, and indured euen to Axe min|ster, which then was called Brunberie or Brunburg. The same daie that this thing happened the sunne lost his light, and so continued without anie bright|nesse, vntill the setting of that planet, though other|wise the season was cléere and nothing cloudie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 As for the hauen which in times past as I haue heard, hath béene at Sidmouth (so called of Sidde a rillet that runneth thereto) and likewise at Seton,Sidde. Seton. I passe it ouer, sith now there is none at all. Yet hath there béene sometime a notable one, albeit, that at this present betweene the two points of the old ha|uen, there lieth a mightie bar of pibble stones, in the verie mouth of it, and the riuer Axe is driuen to the verie east point of the hauen called White cliffe. Thereat also a verie little gull goeth into the sea, whither small fisherbotes doo oft resort for succour. The men of Seton began of late to stake and make a maine wall within the hauen to haue changed the course of the Axe, and (almost in the middle of the old hauen) to haue trenched through the Chesill, thereby to haue let out the Axe, & to haue taken in the maine sea, but I heare of none effect that this attempt did come vnto.Colie. From Seton westward lieth Coliton, about two miles by west northwest, whereof riseth the riuer Colie, which going by the aforesaid towne, passeth by Colecombe parke, and afterward falleth betweene Axe bridge and Axe mouth towne into the Axe riuer.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 By west of Bereworth point lieth a créeke, ser|ued (so farre as I remember) with a fresh water that commeth from the hilles south of SoutleieSid. or Brans|combe. Sidmouth hauen is the next, and thither com|meth a fresh water by S. Maries from the said hils, that goeth from S. Maries aforesaid to Sidburie, & betweene Saltcombe & Sidmouth into the maine sea.Autrie aliàs Ottercie. By west of Auterton point also lieth another hauen, and thither commeth a pretie riueret, whose head is in the Hackpendon hilles, and commeth downe first by Upauter, then by a parke side to Mo|huns Auter, Munketon, Honniton, Buckewell, and north of Autrie receiueth a rill called Tale,Tale. that ri|seth northwest of Brodemburie in a wood, and from whence it commeth by Pehemburie, Uinniton, and making a confluence with the other, they go as one betwéene Cadde and Autrie, to Herford, Luton, Collaton, Auterton, Budeleie, and so into the sea. On the west side of this hauen is Budeleie almost directly against Otterton. It is easie to be seene also, that within lesse space than one hundred yeers, ships did vse this hauen, but now it is barred vp. Some call it Budeleie hauen of Budeleie towne, others Salterne port, of a little créeke comming out of the maine hauen vnto Salterne village, that hath in time past béene a towne of great estimation.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The Exe riseth in Exemore in Summersetshire,Exe. néere vnto Exe crosse, and goeth from thence vnto Exeford, Winsford, and Extun, where it receiueth a water comming from Cutcombe, by north. After this confluence it goeth on toward the south, till it méet with a pretie brooke rising northeast of Whet|tell (going by Brunton Regis) increased at the least with thrée rilles which come all from by north. These being once met, this water runneth on by west of the beacon that beareth the name of Haddon, & soone after taketh in the Barleie,Barleie. Done aliàs Done stroke. that receiueth in like sort the Done at Hawkbridge, and from hence goeth by Dauerton, and Combe, and then doth méet with the Exe, almost in the verie confines betwéene Dorset & Summerset shires. Being past this coniunction, our Exe passeth betwéene Brushford and Murbath, and then to Exe bridge, where it taketh in (as I heare) a water by west from east Austie: and after this like|wise another on ech side, whereof one commeth from Dixford,Woodburne. and Baunton, the other called Woodburne, somewhat by east of Okeford. From these meetings it goeth to Caue and through the forrest and woods to Hatherland and Washfields, vntill it come to Ti|uerton, and here it receiueth the Lomund water that riseth aboue Ashbrittle, & commeth downe by Hock|worthie, vpper Loman, and so to Tiuerton that stand|eth almost euen in the verie confluence. Some call this Lomund the Simming brooke or Sunnings bath.Lomund or Simming. After this our Exe goeth to Bickleie, Theuer|ten (taking in a rill by west) nether Exe, Bramford, beneath which it ioineth with the Columbe that ri|seth of one head northeast of Clarie Haidon,Columbe. and of another south of Shildon, and méeting beneath Co|lumbe stocke, goeth by Columbe and Bradfeld, and there crossing a rill that commeth by Ashford, it run|neth south to Wood, More haies, Columbton, Brand|nicke, Beare, Columbe Iohn, Horham, and ioining (as I said) with the Exe at Bramford, passing vnder but one bridge, yer it meet with another water by west, growing of the Forten and Cride waters (ex|cept it be so that I doo iudge amisse.)Cride. Forten. The Cride riseth aboue Wolle sworthie, and néere vnto Upton: after it is past Dewrish, crosseth a rill from betweene Pug|gill and Stockeleie by Stocke English, &c. From hence it goeth to Fulford, where it méeteth with the Forten, wherof one branch commeth by Caldbrooke, the other from S. Marie Tedburne, and ioining a|boue Crediton, the chanell goeth on to the Cride, (which yer long also receiueth another from by north, comming by Stockeleie and Combe) then betwéene Haine and Newton Sires, to Pines, and so into the Exe, which staieth not vntill it come to Excester. From Excester (whither the burgesses in time past laboured to bring the same, but in vaine) it runneth to Were, there taking in a rill from by west, and an other lower by Exminster, next of all vnto Toppes|ham;Cliuus. beneath which towne the Cliue entreth there|into, EEBO page image 60 which rising about Plumtree, goeth by Clift Haidon, Clift Laurence, Brode Clift, Honiton, Souton, Bishops Clift, S. Marie Clift, Clift saint George, and then into the Exe, that runneth forward by Notwell court, Limston and Ponderham castell. Here (as I heare) it taketh in the Ken, [...] or Kenton brooke (as Leland calleth it) comming from Hol|combe parke, by Dunsdike, Shillingford, Kenford, Ken, Kenton, and so into Exe hauen, at whose mouth lie certeine rocks which they call the Checkstoñes, ex|cept I be deceiued. The next fall, whereof Leland saith nothing at all, commeth by Ashcombe and Du|lish, and hath his head in the hilles thereby.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Teigne mouth is the next fall that he came to,Teigne. & it is a goodlie port foure miles from Exemouth. The head of this water is twentie miles from the sea at Teigne head in Dartmore among the Gidleie hilles. From whence it goeth to Gidleie towne,Crokerne. Teignton drue, where it receiueth the Cro|kerne comming from by north, and likewise an o|ther west of Fulford parke. Then it goeth to Dufford, Bridford, Kirslowe, Chidleie, Knighton, and beneath the bridge there receiueth the Bouie, whose course is to north Bouie, Lilleie, and Bouitracie. Thence it runneth to kings Teignton,Bouie. Eidis. taking in Eidis, a brooke beneath Preston that commeth from Edeford by the waie. And when it is past this confluence, at kings Teignton,Leman. it crosseth the Leman, which com|meth from Saddleton rocke by Beckington, and Newton Bushels:Aller. and soone after the Aller that ri|seth betwéene Danburie and Warog well, after|ward falling into the sea by Bishops Teignton, south of Teignmouth towne.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The verie vtter west point of the land, at the mouth of Teigne is called the Nesse, and is a verie high red cliffe. The east part of the hauen is named the Poles, a low sandie ground, either cast vp by the spuing of the sand out of the Teigne, or else throwne vp from the shore by the rage of wind and water. This sand occupieth now a great quantitie of the ground betweene the hauen where the sand riseth, and Teignmouth towne, which towne (surnamed Re|gis) hath in time past béen sore defaced by the Danes, and of late timeby the French.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From Teignemouth we came to Tor baie, wher|of the west point is called Birie, and the east Perri|torie, betwéene which is little aboue foure miles. From Tor baie also to Dartmouth is six miles, where (saith Leland) I marked diuerse things. First of all vpon the east side of the hauen a great hillie point called Downesend, and betwixt Downesend, and a pointlet named Wereford is a little baie. Were it selfe, in like sort, is not full a mile from Downesend vpward into the hauen. Kingswere towne stand|eth out as another pointlet, and betwixt it & Were|ford is the second baie. Somewhat moreouer aboue Kingswere towne goeth a little créeke vp into the land from the maine streame of the hauen called Waterhead, and this is a verie fit place for vessels to be made in. In like sort halfe a mile beyond this into the landward goeth another longer créeke, and aboue that also a greater than either of these called Gawnston, whose head is here not halfe a mile from the maine sea, by the compassing thereof, as it run|neth in Tor baie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The riuer of Dart or Darent (for I read De|renta muth for Dartmouth)Dart. commeth out of Dart|more fiftéene miles aboue Totnesse, in a verie large plot, and such another wild morish & forrestie ground as Ermore is. Of it selfe moreouer this water is verie swift, and thorough occasion of tin-workes whereby it passeth, it carrieth much sand to Totnesse b [...]dge, and so choketh the depth of the riuer downe|ward, that the hauen it selfe is almost spoiled by the same. The mariners of Dartmouth accompt this to be about a kenning from Plimmouth. The Da|rent therefore proceeding from the place of his vpri|sing, goeth on to Buckland,Ashburne. from whence it goeth to Buckland hole; and soone after taking in the Ash|burne water on the one side that runneth from Sad|dleton rocke by north,Buckeastlich. and the Buckfastlich that com|meth from north west, it runneth to Staunton, Da|rington, Hemston, and there also crossing a rill on ech side passeth foorth to Totnesse, Bowden, and a|boue Gabriell Stoke méeteth with the Hartburne that runneth vnder Rost bridge, two miles aboue Totnes,Hartburne. or (as another saith) by Ratter, Harberton, Painesford, and Asprempton into Darent, which yer long also commeth to Corneworthie, Grenewaie, Ditsham, Darntmouth towne (whervnto king Iohn gaue sometimes a maior, as he did vnto Totnesse) from thence betwéene the castelles, and finallie into sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From hence we went by Stokeflemming to another water, which commeth from blacke Auton, then to the second that falleth in east of Slapton, and so coasting out of this baie by the Start point, we saile almost directlie west, till we come to Saltcombe hauen. Certes this port hath verie little fresh water comming to it, and therefore no meruell though it be barred; yet the head of it (such as it is) riseth neere Buckland, and goeth to Dudbrooke, which standeth betwéene two créekes. Thence it hieth to Charleton, where it taketh in a rill, whose head commeth from south and north of Shereford. Finallie, it hath ano|ther créeke that runneth vp by Ilton: and the last of all that falleth in north of Portlemouth, whose head is so néere the baie last afore remembred, that it ma|keth it a sorie peninsula (as I haue heard it said.)

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 3 4 5 Then come we to the Awne,Awne. whose head is in the hils farre aboue Brent towne, from whence it goeth to Dixford wood, Loddewell, Hache, Aunton, Thor|leston, and so into the sea ouer against a rocke called S. Michaels burrow. Arme riseth aboue Harford,Arme. thence to Stoford, Iuie bridge, Armington bridge, Fléet, Orchardton, Ownewell, and so vnto the sea, which is full of flats and rocks, so that no ship com|meth thither in anie tempest, except it be forced ther|to, through the vttermost extremitie and desperat ha|zard of the fearefull mariners. King Philip of Ca|stile lost two ships here in the daies of king Henrie the seuenth,See Hen. 7. pag. 792, 793, 794. when he was driuen to land in the west countrie by the rage of weather.Yaline. Yalme goeth by Cornewood, Slade, Stratleie, Yalmeton, Collaton. Newton ferrie, and so into the sea, about foure miles by south east from the maine streame of Plim|mouth. Being past these portlets, then next of all we come to Plimmouth hauen,Plim. a verie busie péece to describe, bicause of the numbers of waters that resort vnto it, & small helpe that I haue for the know|ledge of their courses; yet will I doo what I may in this, as in the rest, and so much I hope by Gods grace to performe, as shall suffice my purpose in this be|halfe.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The Plimne or Plim,Plim. is the verie same water that giueth name to Plimpton towne. The mouth of this gulfe, wherein the ships doo ride, is walled on ech side and chained ouer in time of necessitie, and on the south side of the hauen is a blocke house vpon a rockie hill: but as touching the riuer it selfe, it riseth in the hils west of Cornewood, and commeth downe a short course of thrée miles to Newenham after it be issued out of the ground. From Newenham also it runneth to Plimpton, and soone after into the Stoure,Stoure aliàs Catwater. which Stoure ariseth northwest of Shepi|stour, & goeth frõ thence to Memchurch, Hele. Shane, Bickleie, and so to Eford, where taking in the Plim, it runneth downe as one vnder the name of Plim, EEBO page image 61 vntill it go past Plimmouth, and fall into the hauen south east of Plimmouth aforesaid. I haue often|times trauelled to find out the cause whie so manie riuers in England are called by this name Stoure, and at the first supposing that it was growne by the corruption of Dour, the Brittish word for a streame, I rested thervpon as resolued for a season: but after|ward finding the word to be méere Saxon, and that Stouremare is a prouince subiect to the duke of Saxonie, I yéelded to another opinion: whereby I conceiue that the said name was first deriued from the Saxons. But to returne to our purpose.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Plimmouth it selfe standeth betweene two créeks, not serued with anie backewater, therefore passing ouer these two, we enter into the Thamer that dis|chargeth it selfe into the aforsaid hauen. Going ther|fore vp that streame, which for the most part parteth Deuonshire from Cornewall, the first riueret that I met withall on the east side is called Tauie,Taue or Tauie. the head whereof is among the mounteins foure miles aboue Peters Tauie, beneath which it meeteth with ano|ther water from by west, so that these two waters include Marie Tauie betwéene them, though no|thing neere the confluence. From hence the Taue or Tauie runneth to Tauistocke, aboue which it ta|keth in a rill from by west, and another aboue north Buckland, whose head is in Dartmore, and com|meth therevnto by Sandford and Harrow bridge. From hence it goeth into Thamar, by north Buck|land, moonks Buckland, Beare, and Tamerton fol|lie. Hauing thus dispatched the Tauie,Lidde. the next that falleth in on the east side vpwards is the Lidde, which rising in the hils aboue Lidford, runneth downe by Curriton and Siddenham, and so to Lidstone, aboue which it receiueth the Trushell brooke,Trushell. which rising north east of Brediston, goeth by Trusholton to Ibaine, where it receiueth a rill that commeth by Bradwood from Germanswike, and after the con|fluence runneth to Liston, and from thence into the Thamar. The next aboue this is the Corewater,Core. this ariseth somewhere about Elwell or Helwell, and going by Uirginston, runneth on by saint Giles without anie increase vntill it come to Thamar. Next of all it taketh in two brookes not much distant in sunder, whereof the one commeth in by Glanton, the other from Holsworthie, and both east of Ta|merton, which standeth on the further banke, & other side of the Thamar, and west northwest of Tedcote, except the quarter deceiue me.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Certes, the ThamarThamar. it selfe riseth in Summerset|shire, about thrée miles northeast of Hartland, and in maner so crosseth ouer the whole west countrie be|twéene sea and sea, that it leaueth Cornewall, a by|land or peninsula. Being therefore descended from the head, by a tract of six miles, it commeth to Den|borow, Pancrase well, Bridge Reuell, Tamerton, Tetcote, Luffencote, Boiton, and Wirrington, where it meeteth with a water on the west side called Arteie,Arteie. that riseth short of Iacobstow. Two miles in like sort frõ this confluence, we met with the Ken|seie, whose head is short of Warpeston by south east:Kenseie. from whence it goeth by Treneglos, Tremone, Tresmure, Trewen, Lanfton, and so into the Tha|mar, that runneth from hence by Lowwhitton vn|to Bradston, and going on toward Dunterton, ta|keth in a rill from south Pitherwi [...]c,Enian. and by Lesant; beneath Dunterton also it crosseth the Enian. This riuer riseth at Dauidston, and directeth his race by saint Clethir, Lancast, and Trelaske first; and then vnder sundrie bridges, vntill it méet with the Tha|mar. From hence also the Thamar goeth by Sid|denham to Calstocke bridge, Calstocke towne, Clif|ton, Cargreue (there abouts taking in a créeke a|boue Landilip) and running on from thence, hasteth toward Saltash,Liuer. where it receiueth the Liuer wa|ter. The head of Liuer is about Broomwellie hill, from whence it goeth on to North hill, Lekenhorne, South hill, and taking in a rill by east (from aboue Kellington) it runneth on to Newton, Pillaton, Wootton, Blosfleming, saint Erne, and beneath this village crosseth a rillet that runneth thither from Bi|cton by Quithiocke, saint Germans, and Sheuiocke. But to procéed. After the confluence, it goeth be|tweene Erlie and Fro Martine castell, and soone af|ter taking in a rill from by north, that passeth west of saint Steuens, it is not long yer it fall into the Thamar, which after this (receiuing the Milbrooke creeke) goeth on by Edgecombe, and betwéene saint Michaels Ile and Ridden point into the maine sea. And thus haue I finished the description of Plim|mouth water, and all such falles as are betwéene Mewston rocke on the east side, and the Ram head on the other.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 After this we procéeded on with our iournie to|ward the west,Sutton. and passing by Longstone, we came soone after to Sothan baie, where we crossed the Se|ton water, whose head is about Liscard, & his course by Minheniet, Chafrench, Tregowike, Sutton, and so into the sea. Then came we to Low,Low. and going in betwéene it and Mount Ile, we find that it had a branched course, and thereto the confluence aboue Low. The chiefe head riseth in the hils, as it were two miles aboue Gaine, and going by that towne, it ceaseth not to continue his course east of Dulo, till it come a little aboue Low, where it crosseth and ioi|neth with the Brodoke water that runneth from Brodokes by Trewargo, and so into the sea. Next vnto these are two other rils, of which one is called Polpir,Polpir. Fawie. before we come at Foy, or Fawy.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Foy or Fawy riuer riseth in Fawy moore, on the side of an hill in Fawy moore, from whence it run|neth by certeine bridges, till it méet with the Glin water west of Glin towne,Glin. which rising aboue Tem|ple, & méeting with a rill that commeth in from S. Neotes, doth fall into Fawy a mile and more aboue Resprin from by east. After this confluence then, it goeth to Resprin bridge, Lestermen castell, Loft|withiell bridge, Pill, saint Kingtons, saint Win|now, and Golant, and here also receiueth the Lerine water out of a parke,Lerinus. that taketh his waie into the maine streame by Biconke, Tethe, and the Fining house. Being thus vnited, it proceedeth vnto Fawy towne, taking in a rill or creeke from aboue it on the one side, and another beneath it south of Halling on the other: of which two this latter is the longest of course, fith it runneth thrée good miles before it come at the Foy. Leland writing of this riuer addeth ve|rie largelie vnto it after this maner.Faw. The Fawy ri|seth in Fawy moore (about two miles from Camil|ford by south, and sixtéene miles from Fawy towne) in a verie quaue mire on the side of an hill. From hence it goeth to Drainesbridge, to Clobham bridge, Lergen bridge, New bridge, Resprin bridge, and Lostwithiell bridge, where it meeteth with a little brooke, and néere therevnto parteth it selfe in twaine. Of these two armes therefore one goeth to a bridge of stone, the other to another of timber, and soone af|ter ioining againe, the maine riuer goeth to saint Gwinnowes, from thence also to the point of saint Gwinnowes wood, which is about halfe a mile from thence, except my memorie dooth faile me. Here go|eth in a salt créeke halfe a mile on the east side of the hauen, and at the head of it is a bridge called Lerine bridge; the créeke it selfe in like maner bearing the same denomination.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From Lerine creeke, to S. Caracs pill or créeke,In the mid|dle of this créeke was a cell of S. Ci|ret in an Islet longing some|time to Moun+tagew a prio|rie. is about halfe a mile, and Lower on the east side of the said hauen: it goeth vp also aboue a mile and EEBO page image 62 an halfe into the land. From Caracs créeke to Poul|morland a mile, and this likewise goeth vp scant a quarter of a mile into the land, yet at the head it par|teth it selfe in twaine. From Poulmorland weto Bodnecke village halfe a mile, where the passage and repassage is commonlie to Fawy. From Bod|necke to Pelene point (where a créeke goeth vp not fullie a thousand paces into the land) a mile, thence to Poulruan a quarter of a mile, and at this Poulruan is a tower of force, marching against the tower on Fawy side, betwéene which (as I doo heare) a chaine hath sometime beene stretched, and likelie inough; for the hauen there is hardly two bow shot ouer. The ve|rie point of land at the east side of the mouth of this hauen, is called Pontus crosse, but now Panuche|crosse. It shall not be amisse in this place somewhat to intreat of the towne of Fawy, which is called in Cornish Comwhath,Comwhath. and being situat on the north|side of the hauen, is set hanging on a maine rockie hill, being in length about one quarter of a mile, ex|cept my memorie deceiue me.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The renowme of Fawy rose by the wars vnder king Edward the first, Edward the third, and Hen|rie the fift, partlie by feats of armes, and partlie by plaine pirasie. Finallie, the townesmen feeling themselues somwhat at ease and strong in their pur|ses, they fell to merchandize, and so they prospered in this their new deuise, that as they trauelled into all places, so merchants from all countries made resort to them, whereby within a while they grew to be ex|ceeding rich. The ships of Fawy sailing on a time by Rhie and Winchelseie in the time of king Ed|ward the third, refused stoutlie to vale anie bonet there, although warning was giuen them so to doo by the portgreues or rulers of those townes. Herevp|on the Rhie and Winchelseie men made out vpon them with cut and long taile: but so hardlie were they interteined by the Fawy pirates (I should saie aduenturers) that they were driuen home againe with no small losse and hinderance. Such fauour found the Fawy men also immediatlie vpon this bickering, that in token of their victorie ouer their winching aduersaries, and riding ripiers (as they called them in mockerie) they altered their armes and compounded for new, wherein the scutchion of Rhie and Winchelseie is quartered with theirs, and beside this the Foyens were called the gallants of Fawy or Foy,Gallants of Foy or Fa|wy. whereof they not a little reioised, and more peraduenture than for some greater bootie. And thus much of Fawy towne, wherein we sée what great successe often commeth of witlesse and rash aduentures. But to returne againe to our pur|pose from whence we haue digressed, and as hauing some desire to finish vp this our voiage, we will leaue the Fawmouth & go forward on our iournie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Being therefore past this hauen, we come into Trewardith baie, which lieth into the land betwéene Canuasse and the Blacke head point, and hereabout Leland placeth Vrctoum promontorium. In this we saw the fall of two small brookes, not one verie far distant from another. The first of them entring west of Trewardith, the other east of saint Blaies, and both directlie against Curwarder rocke, except I mistake my compasse. Neither of them are of anie great course, and the longest not full thrée miles and an halfe. Wherfore sith they are neither branched nor of anie great quantitie, what should I make long haruest of a little corne, and spend more time than may well be spared about them?

Compare 1577 edition: 1 When we were past the Blacke head, we came to Austell brooke,Austell. which is increased with a water that commeth from aboue Mewan, and within a mile after the confluence, they fall into the sea at Pentoren, from whence we went by the Blacke rocke, and about the Dud [...]an point, till we came to Chare haies, where falleth in a pretie water,Chare. whose head is two miles aboue saint Tues. Thence we went by here and there a méere salt créeke, till we passed the Graie rocke, in Gi [...]in [...]raith baie, and S. Anthonies point, where Leland maketh his accompt to enter into Falamouth hauen.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Fala riseth a little by north of Penuenton towne,Fala. and going westward till it come downwards toward saint Dionise, it goeth from thence to Mela|der, saint Steuens Grampont, Goldon, Crede, Cor|neleie, Tregue, Moran, Tregu [...]an, it falleth into the hauen with a good indifferent force: and this is the course of Fala. But least I should séeme to omit those creekes that are betwéene this and S. Antho|nies point, I will go a little backe againe, and fetch in so mani [...] of them, as come now to my remem|brance. Entring therefore into the port, we haue a créeke that runneth vp by saint Anthonies toward saint Gereus, then another that goeth into the land by east of saint Maries castell, with a forked head, pas|sing in the meane time by a great rocke that lieth in the verie midst of the hauen, in maner of the third point of a triangle, betwéene saint Maries castell and Pendinant.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Thence we cast about by the said castell, and came by another créeke that falleth in by east, then the se|cond aboue saint Iustus, the third at Ardenora, the fourth at Rilan. And hauing as it were visited all these in order, we come backe againe about by Tre|gonnian, and then going vpward betweene it and Taluerne, till we came to Fentangolan, we found the confluence of two great creekes beneath saint Clements, whereof one hath a fresh water comming downe by S. Mer [...]her, the other another from Tru|ro, increased with sundrie branches, though not one of them of anie greatnesse, and therefore vnworthie to be handled. Pole hole standeth vpon the head al|most of the most easterlie of them. S. Kenwen and Truro stand aboue the confluence of other two. The fourth falleth in by west from certeine hils: as for the fift and sixt, as they be little créeks and no fresh, so haue I lesse language and talke to spend about them.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Of saint Caie, and saint Feokes créeke, whose issue is betwéene Restronget and créeke of Trurie, I sée no cause to make any long spéech; yet I remem|ber that the towne of S. Feoke standeth betwéene them both.S. Caie. S. Feoks That also called after this saint, rising a|boue Perannarwothill, and comming thence by Kirklo, falleth into Falamouth, northeast of Milor, which standeth vpon the point betwéene it and Milor créeke. Milor creeke is next Restronget:Milor. some call it Milor poole, from whence we went by Trefusis point, and there found an other great fall from Pe|rin, which being branched in the top, hath Perin towne almost in the verie confluence. And thus much by my collection of the fall. But for somuch as Leland hath taken some paines in the description of this riuer, I will not suffer it to perish, sith there is other matter conteined therein worthie remem|brance, although not deliuered in such order as the thing it selfe requireth.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The verie point (saith he) of the hauen mouth (be|ing an hill whereon the king hath builded a castell)Fala. is called Pendinant. It is about a mile in compasse, almost inuironed with the sea: and where the sea co|uereth not, the ground is so low that it were a small mastrie to make Pendinant an Iland. Further|more, there lieth a cape or foreland within the hauen a mile and a halfe, and betwixt this and maister Kil|ligrewes house one great arme of the hauen run|neth vp to Penrine towne, which is three miles from the verie entrie of Falamouth hauen, and two good EEBO page image 63 miles from Penfusis.Leuine. Moreouer, there is Leuine, Priselo, betwixt saint Budocus and Pendinas, which were a good hauen but for the barre of sand. But to procéed.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The first creeke or arme that casteth on the north|west side of Falemouth hauen, goeth vp to Perin, and at the end it breaketh into two armes, whereof the lesse runneth to Glasenith, Viridis nidus, the gréene nest, or Wagméere at Penrine: the other to saint Glunias the parish church of Penrine. In like sort out of each side of Penrine créeke, breaketh an arme yer it come to Penrine. This I vnderstand also that stakes and foundations of stone haue béene set in the créeke at Penrine a litle lower than the wharfe, where it breakech into armes: but howsoe|uer this standeth, betwixt the point of Trefusis and the point of Restronget is Milor créeke,Milor. which goeth vp a mile into the land, and by the church is a good rode for ships. The next creeke beyond the point of Restronget wood, is called Restronget, which going two miles vp into the maine,Restronget. breaketh into two armes. In like order betwixt Restronget and the creeke of Trurie be two créekes; one called saint Feokes,S. Feoks. the other saint Caie,S. Caie. next vnto which is Trurie créeke that goeth vp about two miles creek|ing from the principall streame, and breaketh within halfe a mile of Trurie, casting in a branch west|ward euen hard by Newham wood.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This creeke of Trurie is diuided into two parts before the towne of Trurie,Trurie créeke and each of them hauing a brooke comming downe and a bridge, the towne of Trurie standeth betwixt them both. In like sort Kenwen stréet is seuered from the said towne with this arme, and Clements street by east with the other. Out of the bodie also of Trurie creeke breaketh an|other eastward a mile from Crurie, and goeth vp a mile and a halfe to Cresilian bridge of stone. At the verie entrie and mouth of this créeke is a rode of ships called Maples rode: and here fought not long since eightéene ships of Spanish merchants, with foure ships of warre of Deepe, but the Spaniards draue the Frenchmen all into this harborow. A mile and an halfe aboue the mouth of Crurie creeke, is another named Lhan Moran of S. Morans church at hand.Moran. This créeke goeth vp a quarter of a mile from the maine streame into the hauen, as the maine streame goeth vp two miles aboue Moran créeke eb|bing and flowing: and a quarter of a mile higher is the towne of Cregowie, where we found a bridge of stone vpon the Fala riuer. Fala it selfe riseth a mile or more west of Roche hill, and goeth by Graund pont, where I saw a bridge of stone.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 This Graund pont is foure miles from Roche hill,Graund pont. and two little miles from Cregowie, betwixt which the Fala taketh his course. From Cregowie to passe downe by the bodie of the hauen of Fala|mouth to the mouth of Lanie horne pill or créeke, on the south side of the hauen is a mile, and (as I remem|ber) it goeth vp halfe a mile from the principall streame of the hauen. From Lanihorne pill also is a place or point of sand about a mile waie of fortie a|cres or thereabout (as a peninsula) called Ardeue|rauter. As for the water or créeke that runneth into the south southeast part, it is but a little thing of halfe a mile vp into the land, and the créeke that hemmeth in this peninsula, of both dooth seeme to be the grea|ter. From the mouth of the west creeke of this pen|insula, vnto saint Iustes creeke, is foure miles or more.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In like maner from saint Iustes pill or créeke (for both signifie one thing) to saint Mawes creeke is a mile and a halfe,S. Iustus. S. Mawes. and the point betwéene them both is called Pendinas. The créeke of saint Mawes goeth vp a two miles by east northeast into the land, and beside that it ebbeth and floweth so farre, there is a mill driuen with a fresh créeke that resorteth to the same. Halfe a mile from the head of this downe|ward to the hauen, is a créeke in maner of a poole, whereon is a mill also that grindeth with the tide. And a mile beneath that on the south side entereth a créeke (about halfe a mile into the countrie) which is barred from the maine sea by a small sandie banke, and another mile yet lower, is an other little créeke|let. But how so euer these créekes doo run, certeine it is that the bankes of them that belong to Fala are meruellouslie well woodded. And hitherto Leland, whose words I dare not alter, for feare of corruption and alteration of his iudgement. Being past Fal|mouth hauen therefore (as it were a quarter of a mile beyond Arwennach, maister Killegrewes place which standeth on the brimme or shore within Fal|mouth) we came to a little hauen which ran vp be|twéene two hilles, but it was barred: wherefore we could not learne whether it were serued with anie backe fresh water or not.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 From thence we went by Polwitherall creekePolwitherall. Polpenrith. (parted into two armes) then to the Polpenrith, wherevnto a riueret falleth that riseth not farre from thence, and so goeth to the maine streame of the hauen at the last, whither the créeke resorteth about thrée miles and more from the mouth of the hauen,Wike. and into which the water that goeth vnder GareGare. and MogunMogun. bridges, doo fall in one bottome (as Leland hath reported.) Unto this hauen also repaireth the Penkestell,Penkestell. the Callous,Callous. the Cheilow,Cheilow. and the Gil|ling,Gilling. although this latter lieth against saint Maw|nons on the hither side hard without the hauen mouth (if I haue doone aright.) For so motheaten, mouldie, & rotten are those bookes of Leland which I haue, and beside that, his annotations are such and so confoun|ded, as no man can (in a maner) picke out anie sense from them by a leafe togither. Wherefore I suppose that he dispersed and made his notes intricate of set purpose: or else he was loth that anie man should easilie come to that knowledge by reading, which he with his great charge & no lesse trauell atteined vn|to by experience. Thus leauing Fala hauen, as more troublesome for me to describe, than profitable for seafaring men, without good aduise to enter into, we left the rocke on our left hand, and came straight southwest to Helford hauen, whose water commeth downe from Wréeke (where is a confluence of two small rilles whereof that rill consisteth)Haile. by Mawgan and Trelawarren, and then it receiueth a rill on the north ripe from Constantine, after whose confluence it goeth a maine vntill it come to the Ocean, where the mouth is spoiled by sand comming from the tin|works. See Leland in the life of S. Breaca. Beneath this also is another rill comming from S. Martyrs, by whose course, and another ouer against it on the west side that falleth into the sea by Winniton, all Menage is left almost in maner of an Iland. From hence we go south to the Manacle point, then south|west to Lisard, and so north and by west to Predan|nocke points, beyond which we méet with the fall of the said water, that riseth in the edge of Menag, and goeth into the sea by Melien on the north, and Win|niton on the south. By north also of Winniton is the Curie water that runneth short of Magan,Curie. and tou|cheth with the Ocean south of Pengwenian point.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 From hence we sailed to the Loo mouth,Loo. which some call Lopoole, because it is narrower at the fall into the sea, than it is betwéene the sea and Hailston. It riseth aboue S. Sethians, and comming downe by Wendron, it hasteth to Hailston or Helston, from whence onelie it is called Loo: but betwéene Helston and the head, men call it commonlie Cohor. Of this riuer Leland saith thus: The Lopoole is two miles in EEBO page image 64 length, and betwixt it and the maine Ocean is but a barre of sand that once in thrée or foure yéeres, what by weight of the fresh water, and working of the sea breaketh out, at which time it maketh a wonder|full noise: but soone after the mouth of it is barred vp againe. At all other times the superfluitie of the wa|ter of Lopole (which is full of trout and éele) draineth out through the sandie barre into the open sea: certes if this barre could alwaies be kept open, it would make a goodlie hauen vp vnto Haileston towne, where coinage of tin is also vsed, as at Trurie and Lostwithiell, for the quéenes aduantage.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Being passed the Loo, I came to another water that descendeth without anie increase from Crowan by Simneie,Simneie. whose whole course is not aboue thrée miles in all. Then going by the Cuddan point, we entered the mounts Baie, and going streight north (leauing S. Michaels mount a little vpon the left hand) we came to the Lid, which rising short of Tewidnacke, descendeth by Lidgenan,Lid. and so into the sea. Certes the course of these waters cannot be long, sith in this verie place the breadth of land is not aboue foure miles, and not more than fiue at the verie lands end. There is also a rill east of Korugie, and Guluall, and another west of the same hard at hand, and like|wise the third east of Pensants: and not a full quar|ter of a mile from the second, southwest of Pensants also lieth the fourth that commeth from Sancrete ward by Newlin, from whence going southwest out of the baie by Moushole Ile, that lieth south of Moushole towne, we come to a water that entreth into the Ocean betwixt Remels & Lamorleie point. Trulie the one head thereof commeth from by west of Sancrete, the other from by west of an hill that standeth betwéene them both, and ioining aboue Remels, it is not long yer they salute their gran|dame. After this, and before we come at Rosecastell, there are two other créekes, whereof one is called Boskennie, that riseth south of saint Buriens, and an other somewhat longer than the first, that issueth by west of the aforesaid towne, wherein is to be noted, that our cards made heretofore doo appoint S. Buri|ens to be at the very lands end of Cornewall, but ex|perience now teacheth vs, that it commeth not néere the lands end by thrée miles. This latter rill also is the last that I doo reade of on the south side, and like|wise on the west and north, till we haue sailed to S. Ies baie, which is full ten miles from the lands end, or Bresan Ile eastward,Bresan Ile & rather more, if you reckon to the fall of the Haile, which lieth in the very middest and highest part of the baie of the same. The soile also is verie hillie here, as for saint Ies towne, it is al|most (as I said) a byland, and yet is it well watered with sundrie rilles that come from those hilles vnto the same.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Haile riseth in such maner,Haile. and from so manie heads, as I haue before said: howbeit I will adde somewhat more vnto it, for the benefit of my rea|ders. Certes the chéefe head of Haile riseth by west of Goodalfin hilles, and going downe toward saint Erthes, it receiueth the second, and best of the other three rilles from Goodalfin towne: finallie, comming to saint Erthes, and so vnto the maine baie, it ta|keth in the Clowart water from Guimer,Clowart. south of Phelacke, which hath two heads the said village stan|ding directlie betwixt them both.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Caine riseth southeast of Caineburne towne a mile and more,Caine. from whence it goeth without in|crease by west of Gwethian, and so into the sea west of Mara Darwaie. From hence we coasted about the point, & left the baie till we came to a water that riseth of two heads from those hilles that lie by south of the same: one of them also runneth by saint Uni, another by Redreuth, and méeting within a mile, they fall into the Ocean beneath Luggam or Tug|gan.Luggam. A mile and a halfe from this fall we come vnto another small rill, and likewise two other créekes, betwixt which the towne of saint Agnes standeth; and likewise the fourth halfe a mile beyond the most ea|sterlie of these, whose head is almost thrée miles within the land in a towne called saint Alin. Thence going by the Manrocke, and west of saint Piran in the sand, we find a course of thrée miles and more from the head, and hauing a forked branch, the parts doo méet at west aboue saint Kibbard, and so go into the sea. I take this to be saint Pirans créeke,S. Pirans creeke. Carantocke. for the next is Carantocke pill or créeke, whose head is at Guswarth, from whence it goeth vnto Tre|rise, and soone after taking in a rill from by west, it runneth into the sea coast of saint Carantakes. Be|yond this is another créeke that riseth aboue little saint Colan, and goeth by lesse saint Columbe: and east and by north hereof commeth downe one more whose head is almost south of the Nine stones, & go|ing from thence to great saint Columbes, it passeth by Lamberne, and so into the sea. S. Merous créeke is but a little one, rising west of Padstow, and fal|ling in almost ouer against the Gull rocke. Then turning betwéene the point and the blacke rocke, we entred into Padstow hauen thrée miles lower than port Issec, and a mile from port Gwin,Padstow. Locus bufo|nis. Alannus. whose waters remaine next of all to be described.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Alan ariseth flat east from the hauen mouth of Padstow, well néere eight or nine miles about Dauidstone, neere vnto which the Eniam also issueth,Eniam. that runneth into the Thamar. Going therefore from hence it passeth to Camelford, saint Aduen, saint Bernard (both Cornish saints) and soone after re|ceiueth a rill at northeast, descending from Row|ters hill. Thence it goeth to Bliseland, and Hel|ham, the first bridge of name that standeth vpon A|lin. Yer long also it taketh in one rill by south from Bodman, another from saint Laurence, the third by west of this, and the fourth that commeth by Wethi|ell, no one of them excéeding the course of thrée miles, and all by south. From hence it goeth toward Igle|saleward, and there receiueth a water on the east side, which commeth about two miles from saint Teath, by Michelston, saint Tuchoe, saint Maben (mo Cornish patrons) and finallie south of Iglesall, méeteth with the Alen that goeth from thence by S. Breaca to Woodbridge. Hereabout I find, that into our Alein or Alen, there should fall two riuerets, whereof the one is called Carneseie,Carneseie. Laine. the other Laine, and comming in the end to full notice of the matter, I sée them to issue on seuerall sides beneath Wood|bridge almost directlie the one against the other. That which descendeth from northwest, and riseth about saint Kew, is named Carneseie, as I heare: the other that commeth in on the southwest banke hight Laine, and noted by Leland to rise two miles aboue S. Esse. But howsoeuer this matter standeth, there are two other créekes on ech side also, beneath these, as Pethrike creeke,Pethrike. Minner. and Minner créeke (so called of the Cornish saints) for that soile bred manie, where|with I finish the description of Alen, or (as some call it) Dunmere,Dunmere. and other Padstow water.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 From Padstow hauen also they saile out full west to Waterford in Ireland. There are likewise two rockes, which lie in the east side of the hauen, se|cretlie hidden at full sea, as two pads in the straw, whereof I thinke it taketh the name. Yet I remem|ber how I haue read that Padstow is a corrupted word for Adlestow, and should signifie so much as A|thelstani locus, as it may well be. For it is euident that they [...]ad in time past sundrie charters of priui|lege from Athelstane, although at this present it be well stored with Irishmen. But to our purpose. Le|land EEBO page image 65 supposeth this riuer to be the same Camblan, where Arthur fought his last and fatall conflict: for to this daie men that doo eare the ground there, doo oft plow vp bones of a large size, and great store of armour, or else it may be (as I rather coniecture) that the Romans had some field (or Castra) thereabout, for not long since (and in the remembrance of man) a brasse pot full of Romane coine was found there, as I haue often heard. Being thus passed Padstow ha|uen, and after we had gone three miles from hence, we came to Portgwin a poore fisher towne, where I find a brooke and a péere. Then I came to Portissec aliàs Cunilus two miles further, and found there a brooke, a péere, and some succor for fisher boats. Next of all vnto a brooke that ran from south east, directlie north into the Sauerne sea, and within halfe a mile of the same laie a great blacke rocke like an Iland. From this water to Treuenni is about a mile, where the paroch church is dedicated to saint Sim|phorian, and in which paroch also Tintagell or Dun|dagie castell standeth, which is a thing inerpugna|ble for the situation, and would be made with little reparations one of the strongest things in Eng|land. For it standeth on a great high terrible crag inuironed with the sea. There is a chappell yet stan|ding in the dungeon thereof, dedicated to saint U|let. Tintagell towne and Treuenni are not a mile in sunder.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The next creeke is called Bosinni, which is a mile from Tintagell, and to the same Tredwie water resorteth,Tredwie. and so they go to the sea betwixt two hils, whereof that on the one side lieth out like an arme or cape, and maketh the fashion of an hauenet or peere, whither shiplets sometime doo resort for succour. A frier of late daies tooke vpon him to make an hauen at this place, but in vaine. There lie also two blacke rocks as Ilets, at the west northwest point, or side of this créeke, the one (sauing that a little gut dooth part them) ioining with the other, and in these by all likelihood is great store of gulles. I can not tell whe|ther this be the water that runneth by Boscastell or not, but if it be not, then haue I this description of the latter.Boscastell. Boscastell créeke that lieth east of Tin|tagell, is but a small thing, running at the most not aboue two miles, into the land, yet it passeth by foure townes, whereof the first is called Lesneth, the se|cond saint Iuliet, the third Minster, and the fourth Boscastell or Bushcastell, as some men doo pro|nounce it.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 In Bede baie I find the Bedewater,Bede. whose chiefe head is not farre from Norton. Thence running to Strat [...]on,Lancels. it receiueth the Lancels rill before it come at Norham. And here also it crosseth another whose head is east of saint Marie w [...]ke, from whence it runneth by Wolston and Whalesborow, and thence into the sea betweene Efford and Plough hill. And thus much of the waters that lie betweene the point of Cornewall, and the Hartland head vpon the north side of Cornewall. Now let vs doo the like with those that remaine of Deuonshire, whereof the said Hart|land is the verie first point in this our poeticall voi|age. Hauing therefore brought Hartland point on our backs, we come next of all to Barstable bar, and so into the hauen, where into two principall streams doo perpetuallie vnburden their chanels.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The first and more westerlie of these is called O|cus, Ocus. whose head is not farre west of the head of Darnt, and doth in Darntmore. Rising therefore in the aforesaid place, it runneth northwest to Snorton, and so to Okehampton, beneath which towne it mée|teth with an other water comming from southeast, & riseth not much west from the head of Tawe. From hence it goeth to Stow Exborne, Moonke Oking|ton, & Iddesleie,Tanridge. Turrege. where it taketh in the Tanridge a ve|rie pretie streamelet, whose issue is not full a mile by east from the head of Thamar, thrée miles by north east from Hartland. Comming therefore by west and east Putford, Bulworthie, Bockington, New|ton, and Shebbor, it receiueth a forked rill that run|neth from ech side of Bradworthie by Sutcombe, Treborow, Milton, & so to Thornebirie, where mée|ting with an other forked water (whereof one head comming from Duns [...]and, ioineth with the other north of Cockbirie) it goeth with speed into the Tan|ridge water. After this confluence it runneth on to Shéepewash (by west whereof falleth in the Buck|land water from by north) thence to high Hainton,Buckland. and so to Haitherlaie, north wherof it taketh in a rill from by south, and endeth his race at Iddesleie, by ioining with the Oke. Hence then the Ocus hasteth to Dowland, and betwéene it and Doulton, recei|ueth one rill from by east, as it dooth an other be|twéene Doulton and Marton from by west, and so procéeding on with his course, it commeth cast of Torrington the lesse, and taking in a water at east, that runneth from thrée heads (by Wollie parke) be|tweene which Combe and Roughborow are situat, it descendeth to Torington the more, and meeting with the Langtrée water on the one side,Langtrée. and the Ware brooke on the other,Were or Ware. it procéedeth to Bediford, crossing a rill by the waie that commeth vnto it be|twéene Annarie & Littham. From Bediford bridge it goeth without anie increase to Westleie, Nor|ham, Appledoure, and so into the hauen.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Taw of both is the more noble water,Taw. not|withstanding that his hauen be barred with sand; and thereby dangerous, and hath most rils descen|ding into his chanell. Howbeit, by these two is all the hart of Deuonshire well watered on the northside of the moores. The Tawy riseth directlie at south west of Throwleie, and north of the head of Darnt, or (as Leland saith) in Exmoore south east from Barstable. From thence also it runneth to Sele, South Taueton, Cockatre, Bath, Northta|ueton, Ashridge, Colridge, and soone after receiueth the Bowmill créeke,Bowmill. wherof one head riseth at Bow, the other at Mill, and meeting beneth Bishops Mor|chard, they fall into the Taw north of Nimeth Row|land, as I haue béene informed. From hence then it runneth by Edgeforth, to Chimligh, by south where|of it méeteth with a rill comming downe of two heads from about Rakenford, by Wetheridge and Chawleie. Thence it goeth to Burrington, and Chil|tenholtwood, and there taketh in the Moulebraie wa|terMoulebraie. consisting of two in one chanell, wherof the Moll dooth rise aboue north Moulton, and comming to Moulton receiueth another rill running from Mol|land, and soone after the second that growing by two brookes (the head of one being at Knawston, and of the other west of Crokeham, and both vniting them|selues beneath Mariston) dooth fall into the same yer long also, and so go togither till it crosse the Braie, which (being the second of the two that maketh the Moulbraie) riseth at Braie,Braie. commeth by Buckland, and south of Holtwood dooth make his confluence with Taw. Being past the wood, it goeth on to Brightleie hall, Taueton, Tauestocke, & Berstable, sometime a pretie walled towne with foure gates, but now a little thing; and such in déed, as that the suburbes thereof are greater than it selfe. I suppose that the name of this towne in the British speach was Abertaw, bicause it stood toward the mouth of Taw, and Berdnesse pronounced short (as I gesse) for Abernesse. As for Staple, it is an addition for a market, & therefore hath nothing to doo in the proper name of the towne. King Athelstane is taken here for the chiefe priuileger of the towne. This is also worthie to be noted hereof, that the houses there are EEBO page image 66 of stone, as most are in all the good townes there|about.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 But to proceed with our purpose. Beneath this towne there falleth in a water that hath one head néere about Challacombe, & another at east Downe, whereof this descending by Stoke riuer, and the o|ther by Sherwell, they vnite themselues within thrée miles of Berstaple. Soone after also it taketh in ano|ther that descendeth from Bitenden by Ashford, and the last of all east of saint Anthonies chappell, named the Doneham,Doneham. bicause one head is at west Done, and the other at Ham, both of them méeting west of Ash. And thus is Taue described, which is no great water nor quicke streame, as may appéere in Low water marke at Berstable, and yet is it a pretie ri|ueret. This also is worthie to be noted thereof, that it receiueth no brooke from by west, whereof I would somewhat maruell, if Taurige were not at hand.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Being past the Taue, Cride baie and Bugpoint aliàs Bagpoint, we go by More baie, Morstone aliàs Mortstone, and then toward the northeast, till we come by a créekelet to Ilfare combe, & so to Combe Marton,Paradine. whereat (I meane ech of them) are sundrie créekes of salt water, but not serued with anie fresh that I as yet doo heare of. Marrie there is be|twéene Martinbow & Trensow, a créeke that hath a backewater, which descendeth from Parracombe (so farre as I call to mind named Parradine becke) but the greatest of all is betweene Linton and Con|nisberie called Ore,Orus. which riseth in Summersetshire in Exmore (east of Hore oke, more than a mile) and going by Owre, falleth into the sea betwéene Lin|ton and Conisberie, so that the whole race thereof a|mounteth in and out to an eight miles, as I haue heard reported. Thus haue I finished the discourse of the waters of Deuonshire,The bredth of Deuonshire & Cornewall. whose breadth in this place from hence ouerthwart to the Checkstones in the mouth of Ex, on the south side of the Ile, is eight and thirtie miles or vnder fortie, and so much like|wise is it from Plimmouth to Hartland point, but the broadest part there commeth to six and thirtie miles, whereas the broadest part of Cornewall doth want two miles of fortie.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Being past the aforesaid limits of the counties we came to Portloch baie,Loch. whither commeth a wa|ter named Loch that descendeth from Stokepero, Lucham and Portloch without increase. Thence to Dunsteir brooke,Durus. which runneth from about Woot|ton, and Courtneie by Tunbercombe and Dunsteir, then to another that commeth west of Old Cliffe, leauing a parke on the west side, next of all to Wat|chet water,Vacetus. whereof one head commeth from the Quantocke hils south of Bickualer by Westquan|tocke head, and almost at Doniford, receiueth the WillitonWilliton. becke, then to east Quantocke brooke (o|mitting a créeket) & next of all to DoddingtonDoddington. wa|ter, that goeth by Holford, Alfoxton, and afterward into the sea. From hence we go by Bottesall point, to Stert point, where two noble riuers doo make their confluence, which I will seuerallie describe, as to my purpose apperteineth.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The first of these is called the Iuell, or (as I find it in an ancient writer) Yoo,Iuelus. who saith that the riuer Yoo dooth runne from Ilchester to Bridgewater, and so into the sea. It riseth aboue Oburne, and at Shir|burne receiueth a water, whereof Leland saith thus. There are seuen springs in an hill called the seuen si|sters,The seuen sisters. north east from Shireburne, which gather into one bottome, & come into the Mere. Another brooke likewise commeth by Heidon from Puscandell, three miles from thence by flat east, betwixt the parke and the Mere full so great as the streame of the Mere, and ioining at the lower mill of Shireburne, with the Mere water, it is not long yer it fall into the E|uill. Thence our Euill goeth on towards Glasen Bradford, and yer it come there taketh in a forked rill from by south, descending from about west Chel|burie and Chetnall in Dorsetshire, beneath which towne the other head falleth into the same, so that they run foorth by Bearhaggard and Thorneford (till they méet with the Iuell) and so to Clifton, Euill a proper market towne, Trent, Mutford, Ashinton, and east of Limminton it méeteth with the CadeCade. that runneth from Yarlington, by north Cadbirie, and soone after crossing a rill also from by east, that commeth from Blackeford by Compton, it hasteth to south Cadbirie, Sparkeford, Queenes Camell, west Camell, and so into Iuell, which runneth on to Kimmington, Ilchester, Ilbridge, long Sutton, and yer it come at Langport, taketh in two famous wa|ters in one chanell, next of all to be remembred be|fore I go anie further. The first of all these riseth southeast betwéene the Parrets (where it is called Parret water) and goeth to Crokehorne,Parret. and at Meriot taketh in a brooke from the east, which consi|steth of two courses vnited at Bowbridge, whereof the one descendeth from Pen by Hasilburie, the o|ther from aboue the thrée Chenocks, as I doo vnder|stand.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 From hence also they go as one with the Parret water, toward south Pederton (taking in at east a becke comming from Hamden hill) thence to Pe|derton, Lambrooke, Thorneie bridge, and Muchelneie where it méeteth with the second called Ill or Ilus, Ill. whose head is aboue Chellington, & comming downe from thence by Cadworth, before it come at Dun|niet, it taketh in a rill that runneth by Chascombe and Knoll. Thence leauing Ilmister on the east side, it meeteth with another from by east, descending from about Whitlakington. Then it goeth to Po|kington (where it crosseth the Ilton water by west)Ilton. next to Ilbruers, and there it ioineth with a rillet that riseth by west at Staple, and runneth by Bick|nell and Abbats Ilie, and after this confluence goeth on toward Langport. And here after some mens o|pinion, the Iuell looseth his name, and is called Par|ret: but this coniecture cannot hold, sith in the old writers it is called Iuell, till it fall into the sea. Ne|uerthelesse, how soeuer this matter standeth), being past Langport, it goeth by Awber toward saint An|thonies, where it méeteth with the Tone next of all to be described.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Tone issueth at Clatworthie,Tone. and goeth by west of Wiuelscombe, to Stawleie, Ritford; Run|ton, Wellington and Bradford, beneath which it ta|keth in a faire water cõming from Sanford Combe, Elworthie, Brunt Rafe, Miluerton, Oke and Hil|farens. After this confluence also it runneth to He|lebridge, and there below méeteth with one water that runneth by Hawse, Hethford and Norton, then another from Crokeham by bishops Slediard, and the third & fourth at Taunton, that descendeth from Kingston by north, and another by south that riseth about Pidmister. And thus is the Tone increased, which goeth from Taunton to Riston, Crech, North|currie, Ling, and so by Anthonie into the Iuell, that after this confluence méeteth yer long with the Chare, a pretie riuer that commeth by east from Northborow,Chare or Care. by Carleton, Badcare, Litecare, So|merton, Higham, Audrie moore, Audrie, and Michels|borow. From whence going on betweene Quéenes moore and North moore, it receiueth one brooke called Peder from by southwest, that runneth through Pe|derton parke and North moore;Peder. and likewise another that passeth by Durleie, yer it doo come at Bridge|water. From Bridgewater it goeth by Chilton di|rectlie north west, and then turning flat west, it go|eth northward towards the sea, taking in two wa|ters EEBO page image 67 by the waie, whereof one runneth by Coripole & Camington,Camington. Brier. and beareth the name of Camington, the other by Siddington and Comage, and then re|ceiuing the Brier before it come at Start point, they fall as one into the Ocean, whereof let this suf|fice for the description of the Iuell, whose streame dooth water all the west part of Summersetshire and leaueth it verie fruitfull.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Brier,Brier. Bruer, or Bréer, riseth of two waters, wherof one is in Selwood forrest, & commeth downe by Bruecombe,Leland wri|teth the first Brieuelus and the second Mellodunus or the Milton water. Bruham, and Bruton. The other which Leland nameth Mellos, is northest of Staffor|dell towne, and going by the same, it runneth by Redlinch, to Wike; where it méeteth with the other head, and thence go on as one to Awnsford, Alford (where it taketh in a water called Dulis from by north that riseth néere Dolting,Dulis. and commeth by E|uerchurch parke) then to the Lidfords, Basbo|row wood, the Tor hill,Sowaie or Stowaie. Pont perilous (whereinto they fable that Arthur being wounded to death did throw Calibur his sword) by Glastenburie and so in|to the Méere. Beside this riuer there are two other also that fall into the said Méere, whereof the one cal|led Sowaie commeth from Créechurch parke, and Pulton by Hartlacke bridge,Cos. the other named Cos or the Coscombe water, from aboue Shepton, Mal|let (which east of Wike taketh in a water comming from Welles) by Wike, Gedneie, and so into the Méere. Finallie, returning all into one chanell, it runneth to Burtlehouse, and soone after diuiding it selfe, one arme goeth by Bastian aliàs Brent bridge, to High bridge, leauing Huntspill a market towne by southwest, the other by Marke to Rokes bridge, Hebbes passage, and so into the sea, leauing a faire Iland, wherin beside Brentmarsh are seuen or eight townes, of whose names I haue no knowledge.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Now as touching the water that commeth from Welles, which falleth (as I said) into the Coscombe water on the right hand of the Cawseie; you shall vnderstand that as manie springs are in Wels, so the chiefe of them is named Andres well, which riseth in a medow plat not farre from the east end of the cathedrall church, and afterward goeth into the Cos|combe, in such place as I haue noted. Leland spea|keth of the Milton & Golafer waters,Milton. Golafer. which should fall likewise into the Brier: but whether those be they whereof the one riseth aboue Staffordell, and in the descent runneth by Shipton, Pitcombe, and so to Awnsford on the one side, as the other dooth rise be|twéene Batcombe and Upton noble on the other halfe; or vnto whether of them either of these names are seuerallie to be attributed: as yet I doo not read.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 The second Axe which commeth by Axe towne in old time called Uexa,Axe. 2. The Cheder|brooke, driueth twelue miles within a quar+ter of a mile of his head. issueth out of Owkie hole, from whence it goeth by Owkie towne, afterward meeting with the Chederbrooke that commeth from the Cheder rocks, wherein is an hole in old time cal|led Carcer Aeoli, wherof much hath béene written & surmised past credit. It runneth by Were, Ratcliffe, and after a little compasse into the northeast branch of the aforesaid riuer last described, betweene Rokes bridge and Hebbes passage, as I haue beene infor|med. From the fall of Axe we come to an other cal|led Bane, northeast of Woodspring,Bane. whose head is a|bout Banwell parke, or else in Smaldon wood. Then to an other, and to the third, called Artr [...],Artro. which riseth about Litton, and going by the Artroes, Ubbeie, Perribridge (receiuing a rill yer it come thither from by south) beneath Cungesbirie, or (as I learne) be|twéene Kingston and Laurence Wike, it méeteth with the sea.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 2 Sottespill water riseth betwéene Cheueleie and Naileseie,S [...]ttespill. howbeit it hath no increase before it come into the sea at Sottespill, more than the next vnto it, which is named Cleueden water, of a certeine towne neere to the fall thereof.Cleueden. It riseth southeast of Barrow, goeth by Burton Naileseie, and so vnto Cleuedon. The Auon, commonlie called the third Auon, is a goodlie water,Auon. 3. and growne to be verie fa|mous by sundrie occasions, to be particularlie tou|ched in our description of Bristow. Yet thus much will I note héere thereof as a rare accident, how that in king Edgars daies, the verie same yeare that the old monasterie of Euesham fell downe by it selfe, a porpasse was taken therein neere to the said monasterie, and neuer anie before or since that time heard of to haue béene found in that streame. And euen so not manie yeares before I first wrote this treatise,Sturgion ta|ken in Roche|ster water. a sturgion was taken aliue in Roche|ster streame, which the bishop gaue vnto your honor, and you would as gladlie haue sent it to the quéenes maiestie, if she might haue béene presented withall a|liue as it was taken. Certes both these rare occur|rents gaue no lesse occasion of strange furmises to the inhabitants of both places, than the blockes of Brerton, when they appeare, doo vnto that familie; of which the report goeth that they are neuer séene but against some mischéefe or other to befall vnto that house. But how farre am I gone from my pur|pose?

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Auon therefore riseth in the verie edge of Tetburie, and goeth by long Newton to Broken|ton, Whitchurch, and Malmsburie, where it receiueth two waters, that is to saie, one from by west com|ming by Foxeleie and Bromleham, which runneth so néere to the Auon in the west suburbe of Malms|burie, that the towne thereby is almost made an I|land. Another from Okeseie parke by Hankerton, Charleton, and Garesden. After this confluence it hasteth to Cole parke, then goeth it toward the south|east, till it méet with a water comming from south|west (betwéene Hullauington and Bradfield) by A|ston: and soone after with another at the northside from Binall by Wootton Basset (through the parke to Gretenham, and Idouer bridges) and after the confluence to Dauntseie, Segar, Sutton, Christ|malford, Auon, Calwaies house, and then to west Tetherton. Beneath this towne also it taketh in a water increased by two brookes, whereof one com|ming from Cleue by Hilmarton, Whitleie house and Bramble (and there receiuing another that commeth by Calne) passeth on by Stanlie into the Auon, which from thence foorth goeth to Chippenham, Rowdon, Lekham, and then receiuing Cosham water,Cosham. goeth to Lacocke, Melsham, and yer it come at Whaddon, crosseth two other in one chanell, whereof one riseth about Brumham house, and goeth to Sene, the other about the Diuizes, and from thence runneth to Pot|terne wood, Creke wood, Worton, Maston, Buck|lington, and ioining with the other aboue Litleton, they run by Semmingto [...], and north of Whaddon aforesaid into the maine streame, whereof I now intreat. From hence our Auon runneth to Stauer|ton, and southwest of that towne méeteth with the Were that commeth from Upton by Dilton,Were. Brooke parke (there crossing a rill called Bisse from West|birie vnder the plaine) then to north Bradleie,Westbirie vn|der ye plaine, neuer with|out a théefe or twaine. Tru|bridge, and so into Auon that goeth from thence to Bradford, & within a mile or there abouts, before it come at Freshford, it méeteth with the Frome, whose description dooth insue.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 The Frome riseth in the east part of Mendip hils,Frome. and from thence runneth by Astwti [...], the Cole pits, Lie vnder Mendip, Whateleie, Elmesbridge, and soone after taketh in the Nonneie water, com|ming from Nonneie castell,Nonneie. thence to Walles and Orcharleie bridge, where it receiueth a pretie brooke EEBO page image 68 descending from Frome Selwood west of Brack|leie, increased with sundrie rils, whereof two come out of Selwood forrest (and one of them from the Fratrie) another out of Long lead parke, from Hor|ningsham, and the fourth from Cofleie. Hence our Frome goeth to Lullington, Beckington, Farleie castell, Bord and Fresh foord, and taking in the Sil|ling brooke, falleth into the Auon beneath Bradford, and east of Freshford. From thence going beneath Stoke,Silling. it receiueth on the left hand a water com|ming from southwest, increased by sundrie brookes, whereof one commeth from Camelet by Litleton, and Dankerton, the other from Stone Eston, Mid|summer Norton, by Welston, Rodstocke, Wrigle|ton, Foscot, and Wellow, and there (taking in a rill from Phillips Norton) it goeth by Clauerton to Hampton, and there it méeteth with another water comming from Barthford, whose head is at Litleton from whence it runneth by west Kineton to Castell combe (where it ioineth with a rill rising by north from Litleton drue) and thence commeth south to Slaughtenford, Haselburie, Box, Baithford, and so into the Auon, which turning plaine west, hasteth to Baithwijc, and (meeting with another in his passage from Caldaston) to Bath, the Tiuertons, and Co|ston.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Héere also it taketh in a rill by the waie from Markesburie by Wilmerton and Newton, and then going on to Sawford, it méeteth with one rill soone west of Northstocke,Swinford. named Swinford, and another by Bitton, from Durhain by Wike, and so procée|deth still holding on his way to Caimsham,Swinford parteth Sum+merset & Glo|cestershires in sunder. a towne in Summerset shire (so called of Caim an English saint, by whose praiers, as the countrie once beléeued, all the adders, snakes and serpents were turned in|to stone, their formes reserued, and for a certeine space of ground about the said towne, and whereof some store as yet is to be found in those quaries. But this miracle is so true as the historie of Hilda, or that S. Patrike should chase all venemous crea|tures out of Italie with his staffe; or that maid Ra|degund should driue the crowes to the pound, which did annoie hir corne while she went vnto a chappell to heare & sée a masse) where it crosseth the Chute, which issueth at Winford, and goeth by bishops Chue to Penford, and there receiueth the Clue comming from Cluton, and from thence to Chute, & so into the Auon. The Auon likewise after all these confluen|ces goeth to Briselton, and so to Bristow, beneath which it receiueth a rill on each side (wherof one com|meth from about Stoke lodge in Glocestershire, be|ing a faire water and running by Acton, Framp|ton, Hambroch, Stapleton, and through Bristow, the other by south from Dundreie hill and towne, by Bisport and Bedminster) and so descending yet lower, goeth to Rawneham passage and Clifton, then by S. Uincents rocke and Laie, next of all to Crocampill, and finallie into the sea, whither all wa|ters by nature doo resort.

Compare 1577 edition: 1 Beside this water, Leland maketh mention of AlderleieAlderleie. brooke, which in some ancient records is al|so called Auon, and runneth by Barkeleie. In like maner he talketh of Douresleie booke, whose princi|pall head is in DouresleieDouresleie. towne: howbeit he saith no thing of it more, than that it serueth sundrie tuck|ing lucking milles, and goeth by Tortworth or foure miles further,Torworth. before it come at the Sauerne. Fi|nallie, making mention of an excellent quarrie of hard stone about Douresleie, he telleth of the Tort|worth becke, that runneth within a flight shot of Barkeleie towne, and falleth on the left hand into Sauerne marches, taking with all the Alderleie or Auon, except I mistake his meaning, which may soone be doone among his confused notes.